What is the name of the Russian shirt. Traditional Russian costume

Russian national costumes for men and women have been well studied since the 16th-17th centuries. The main materials are cotton and linen, silk was used less often (the latter was the privilege of the nobility - the boyars). It was formed on the basis of ancient Russian traditions with some Byzantine, Polish and Western European influence (the latter is associated with the era of Peter the Great).

The color scheme of the costume of Russian men of all classes included shades of white, red and blue. Shirts were allowed to be decorated with embroidery. The most common ornament is solar (solar) symbolism - kolovrats and circles (this is due to echoes of the ancient Russian pagan era).

The main details of the Russian folk costume of fellows:

Men's hats

Previously, men wore tafyas - special round hats (they tried not to take them off even in church, although Metropolitan Philip condemned this). Hats made of different materials could be worn over tafei, depending on the social status of a person: felt, sukmanin and poyarok were popular among ordinary people, while the rich preferred velvet or fine cloth.

Many men wore triukhs - special hats that had three blades. Also, both sexes in Rus' had popular throaty hats - high, trimmed with fur, and in the upper part - with brocade or velvet.

A purely male headdress is a murmolka hat (it has a flat velvet or altabas crown and a fur lapel).

Russian folk men's shirt

The main material for sewing Russian shirts is silk (for the rich) or cotton fabrics (for the lower classes). Previously, Russian shirts had square-shaped gussets in the armpit area, and wedges-terangles on the sides. The purpose of the shirt (for work and everyday life, for going out, etc.) determined the length of the sleeves (they narrowed in the area of ​​the hands). The most common type of gate is the post. If he was present, then fastened with a button. The cutout with buttons could be either on the left (a feature of the blouse) or in the middle.

Russian folk costume pants

Ordinary Russian folk pants are ports and gachas. Such pants could be tucked into boots or footcloths - onuchi, which were worn instead of socks with bast shoes.

Russian folk men's boots

Boots in Rus' were of three types:

• ichigi - an easy option (they had a soft toe and a hard back);
• chobots - morocco, velvet or satin boots with short tops;
• felt boots - winter boots made of felt (they are still worn today).

Look how we are dressed?! Look who we look like?! For anyone, but not for Russians. Being Russian is not only thinking in Russian, but also looking like a Russian person. So let's change our wardrobe. There should be the following items of clothing:

It is the cornerstone of the Russian wardrobe. Almost all other types of outerwear for men in Rus' were versions of the caftan. It was introduced into Russian fashion in the 10th century by the Varangians, who, in turn, spied it on the Persians. At first, only princes and boyars flaunted in it, but over time, the caftan penetrated the “toilets” of all other classes: from priests to peasants. For the nobility, caftans were sewn from light silk fabrics, brocade or satin, and fur trim was often made around the edges. Next to the edge, gold or silver lace was sewn along the floors, cuffs, and hem. The caftan was an extremely comfortable garment and hid the figure flaws of its wearer. He gave importance to ordinary-looking people, solidity to thin people, grandeur to obese people.

Where to wear?

For business meetings. A good caftan will easily replace your dull suit with a tie.

This type of caftan was wide at the hem, up to three meters, with long sleeves hanging down to the ground. Thanks to the feryazi, the saying "work carelessly" was born. It was worn in both cold winters and hot summers. Summer feryazi were on a thin lining, and winter - on fur. This item of clothing was sewn from different fabrics - from brocade and velvet (wealthy people) to sermyaga and cotton fabrics (peasants). Rich people put the feryaz on other caftans, and the poor - directly on their shirts. The budget version of the feryazi was tied with cords, and its buttonholes were modest and did not exceed 3-5 in number. Exclusive caftans were decorated with seven expensive buttonholes with tassels, which could both be tied and fastened. Along the edge, the feryazi were sheathed with galloon or gold lace.

Where to wear?

For large celebrations and official receptions held in the open air.

It is somewhat reminiscent of a feryaz, but the opashen is less solemn. As a rule, he served as a dust coat or summer coat. Opashen was sewn from cloth or wool without lining, without decorations, sometimes even without fasteners. Hem-length sleeves were sewn in at the back only. The entire front part of the armhole and sleeve hem was processed with piping or braid, thanks to which the fringe could be put on like a sleeveless jacket: the arms in the sleeves from the lower caftan were pushed through the slots, and the fringe sleeves remained hanging on the sides or tied back. In cold weather, they were drawn on hands, and part of the sleeve could hang, protecting the hand and fingers from the cold.

Where to wear?

Can easily replace a casual coat or raincoat.

"Casual" version of the caftan with a fitted short silhouette and fur trim. Sewn on fur or wadding with a fur or velvet collar. Russian boyars spied this caftan during the defense of Polotsk in 1579 from the soldiers of the Hungarian infantry, who fought on the side of the Poles. Actually the name of the caftan itself comes from the name of their Hungarian commander Kaspar Bekes. The Russian army lost Polotsk, but brought prisoners and "fashionable" Hungarians to Moscow. Measurements were taken from the caftans of the “tongues”, and another piece of clothing appeared in the Russian wardrobe.

Where to wear?

"Bekesha" can become casual, semi-sportswear, and replace, for example, a jacket or down jacket.

Lightweight, minimalistic, homespun cloth version of the caftan. Zipun has no decorations and excesses in the form of a standing collar. But it is very functional: it does not restrict movement. Zipuns were worn mainly by peasants and Cossacks. The latter even called their Cossack trade - a campaign for zipuns. And robbers from the main road were called "zipunniks".

Where to wear?

Perfect for outdoor work in cold weather. Also not replaceable for fishing and hunting.

Epancha was created for bad weather. It was a sleeveless cloak with a wide turn-down collar. They sewed an epancha from cloth or felt and soaked it with drying oil. As a rule, these clothes were decorated with stripes in five places with two nests. Stripes - transverse stripes according to the number of buttons. Each patch had a loop for a button, so later the patches became known as buttonholes. Epancha was so popular in Rus' that it can even be seen on the coat of arms of Ryazan.

Where to wear?

It will perfectly replace a parka and a mac (a raincoat, not the one that Apple).

Headdress.

It is impossible to imagine a Russian person of the 17th century who appeared on the street without a headdress. It was a monstrous violation of decorum. In pre-Petrine times, the central "head" attribute was a cap: a pointed or spherical shape with a slightly lagging band - a rim fitting the head. Noble people wore caps sewn from velvet, brocade or silk and upholstered in valuable fur. The common people were content with felted or felted hats, which they called “boots”. In hot weather or at home, the Russians wore the so-called "tafias", covering the tops of their hats, reminiscent of skullcaps. Noble citizens had tafyas embroidered with silk or gold threads and decorated with precious stones.

Where to wear?

The cap will easily replace the ridiculous-looking knitted hats adopted today. And tafya will replace "alien" baseball caps and other "panama hats" in the summer.

Read about another extremely important accessory of the Russian wardrobe.

The development of the Russian folk costume has a rich and long history, its components were formed back in the pre-Christian era, in close relationship with the architecture of Rus' and pagan beliefs.

Description of Russian folk costume

Women's Russian national costume is much more interesting and richer than men's, because the idea of ​​the people about femininity, beauty, family values ​​is embedded in the female appearance. In the old days in Rus', the costume was one of the manifestations of folk applied arts and crafts.

The main elements of the Russian folk costume developed in ancient Rus'. The main costume was a long shirt with a straight cut "shirt", which was sewn from homespun dense, with wide sleeves. Usually, a woman wore more than one such shirt (at least one more acted as underwear).

The clothes of a Russian peasant woman consisted of such a shirt, decorated with embroidery, which in Russian folk costume was usually placed on the sleeves, hem and shoulders. From above they put on a plain sundress, as well as an apron. The peasant costume was prepared with great diligence, usually in connection with labor holidays - harvest, haymaking, cattle pasture.

Details of Russian folk costume

A sundress is one of the main details of the folk Russian women's costume. An elegant version of it was worn complete with a shirt, apron, belted belt. Each locality had its own style of a sundress, and the patterns on it, like on other versions of Russian folk costumes, have their own characteristics. In the southern part of Russia, preference was given to red, which had many different shades. Embroidery on sundresses was done with gold threads and pearls.

The most common headdress of the women's Russian folk costume was a dense cap of various shapes, and usually richly decorated with embroidery and stones.

The girls wore hoops (soft or hard) of multi-colored ribbons. If unmarried girls could wear one braid or braided hair, then married ladies braided 2 braids without fail and always wore a headdress.

The beauty and originality, originality and chastity of the folk Russian costume is also reflected in the modern world, so the elements of costumes in the Russian folk style have recently been very relevant in the global fashion industry and are increasingly appearing on fashion catwalks.

This article can be titled like this: "Clothes of the Russian village." For many centuries, the vast majority of the population of Russia were peasants. They led a subsistence economy, providing themselves with everything necessary, including clothing. By his very fate, inseparable from the life of the earth, the plowman was part of his native nature, and his costume to the greatest extent corresponded to the peculiarities of the Russian climate.

Festive girl's costume from the Vologda province.
The famous Russian artist I. Bilibin depicted a girl from a northern village. Her attire - a sarafan klinnik and a warming feather are sewn from a purchased damask with a rich pattern. Such fabric was brought from the countries of the East. But the headdress is a crown - Russian gold-embroidered work.

Festive women's costume from the Vologda province.
Again I. Bilibin, and again a Vologda peasant woman. Only this time, a young woman - that was the name of a woman at an early time of marriage, more often before the appearance of her first child. Her richly decorated costume symbolized this flourishing age, as if calling on the future mother the grace of heaven and earth. The sundress and the shower jacket are made of patterned damask, the latter being trimmed with stripes of gold embroidery. The high gold-embroidered kokoshnik is adorned with stones. Tied over it is a silk shawl that has turned into a cape.

Another thing is also important. The peasant only absented himself from his village in extreme need; alien guests were also rare. Therefore, in his clothes, which escaped external influences, the world outlook, customs, character, taste were clearly expressed - the inner essence of a native Russian person. That is why for many centuries, first of all, the peasantry was the custodian of national traditions in costume. Especially after the famous decree of Peter, who obliged everyone, except for the peasants and the clergy, to wear a European-style dress. The townspeople were forced to switch to "German" clothes, and only the villagers continued to wear folk costume.

"Pendants" - an element of the head
girl's dress. Tomsk province.
Late 19th - early 20th century.

What was he like? Finding yourself a hundred years ago at a major fair somewhere in Makaryevo or Irbit, you would be amazed at the variety of outfits, especially for women: you can’t find two identical ones! Indeed, over the centuries, almost every village in vast Russia has developed its own traditions - so that by the color or pattern of clothes it was possible to find out where the hostess came from. The costumes of the northern and southern provinces differed most of all, Siberian women dressed in a peculiar way. Let's talk about these ensembles.

The traditional women's outfit of the Russian North is often called the "word of mouth complex", since its main parts are a shirt and a sundress. Our ancestors have worn the shirt since time immemorial - this is confirmed by many beliefs associated with it. For example, they did not sell their own shirt: it was believed that at the same time you would sell your happiness. Isn't that why the people were so valued by people who are ready to give the last shirt to the needy? It was the main, and sometimes the only clothing: as usual, village boys and girls in the 19th century, in some places, until the very wedding, went in the same shirts, intercepted by a belt.

Festive women's shirt. Olonets province. Beginning of the 19th century.
Decorating the shirt with generous embroidery, the craftswoman used paper, silk and gold threads.
The pattern on the hem is especially interesting: the Tree of Life with birds on the sides.

In the old days, a shirt was sewn from linen or hemp canvas, skipping a single piece of cloth from the collar to the hem. Hence the name - sinker, which existed in the Vologda province. But already in the last century, such clothes are found only as wedding and funeral, at the same time they wear a two-piece shirt. The upper one was called sleeves in the North and was sewn from thinner, even purchased matter, the lower one - camp - from ordinary homespun fabric.

In the Russian village, not all clothes were decorated, but only festive and ritual ones. The richest, annual, was worn three or four times a year, on the most solemn days. She was very cherished, tried not to wash and passed on by inheritance.
Preparing an elegant shirt, village needlewomen showed everything they were capable of. Sleeves, shoulders and collar, not covered with a sundress, were embroidered with red threads. Often decorated with a hem. In special shirts, which were worn with a belt for mowing or harvesting, it was almost completely covered with an embroidered or woven pattern. They went with songs - after all, for the peasants, harvesting is not only hard work, but also a great holiday. In the Olonets province, there was an elegant weeping shirt, or makhavka, with very long and narrow sleeves. The bride put it on on her wedding day and, saying goodbye to her parents, waved the ends of the sleeves around her head and across the floor, lamenting her lost girlhood and her future life in a strange family...

Skirt "skid". Olonets province. Beginning of XX century.
This skirt is amazingly beautiful, almost completely covered with a woven pattern. Looking closer at it, you can see how deer with branched horns walk measuredly around the solar rhombuses. The plot was not chosen by chance. Such a skirt was separated from the shirt of the mower, the hem of which was generously decorated with weaving. On the first pasture of cattle, young women put on two or even three skirts, showing the sun and girlfriends their wealth.

Interestingly, the word "sarafan" is first found in Rus' in the documents of the XIV century in relation to men's clothing. The most ancient type of women's sundress is shushpan with a solid front panel. But already in the last century, elderly peasant women wore it, and young people mastered a swing sundress fastened with openwork metal buttons. Due to the large number of wedges that greatly expand it in the hem, it was called the wedge. However, there were also other names - according to the fabric: kumashnik, naboeshnik, damask - after all, the wedge-makers sewed not only from homespun fabric dyed blue or red, but also from purchased materials. The kumach was extremely popular, which was used for festive clothes. For the most elegant, they took silk fabrics - satin and damask, and in the most prosperous families - brocade. In the second half of the 19th century, the oblique-wedge sarafan was replaced by a straight sundress of five or six panels with narrow straps: lyamoshnik, round, inflate, Muscovite, fur coat.

I remember that not so long ago, wide dresses without a belt were fashionable, supposedly designed “in the Russian style”. But is it? Indeed, in Rus' they never walked with a belt, and the first “clothing” that a newborn received was precisely the belt: it was believed that it protects from troubles. A variety of belts are known: woven, knitted, wicker. Wide - for outerwear and narrower - for the maid, festive and everyday. Patterned belts with lush terry at the ends were woven from garus wool. Many were "with words" - a skillfully woven line of prayer or dedication. And it’s just: “Whom I love, I give”, and the names ...

The outfit seems simple at first. But why is he so eye-catching? Homemade shirt made of bleached canvas embroidered with red threads. It goes well with a sarafan naboeshnik with bright spots of mountain ash and cloves of red braid on the hem. And yellow echoes in color with a headband embroidered with pearls and stones. The ensemble, which creates an image of girlish purity, is completed by a woven belt, an ancient symbol of chastity. Yes, behind the outward simplicity there is a delicate taste and needlework skill, a lot of work and great patience!

Finally, a headdress, without which the costume of a Russian peasant woman is simply unthinkable. Indeed, according to ancient custom, a married woman did not appear in public with a simple hair - this was considered a great sin. Girls could not cover their hair. Hence the difference in dress: a married woman has a deaf cap, a girl has a dressing that leaves the top of her head uncovered.

The festive kokoshniks of northerners are magnificent, embroidered with gold thread and river pearls (until the 18th century, Rus' was very rich in them). In their shape they looked like a fluffy chicken, but in some places they had other outlines. For example, Nizhny Novgorod - with a high crest in the form of a crescent or pointed Kostroma. The elegant maiden's coruna really resembled an old royal crown with bizarre teeth, which was echoed by a brocade braid, also trimmed with pearls and embroidery. On weekdays, girls wore a ribbon or scarf.

No wonder the traditional Russian costume is called “multi-layered”: a shirt, a poneva, a cap, a curtain, a kichka, a scarf ... And an abundance of jewelry that is completely unusual for us! Take a straight, like a bag, long pommel. The canvas from which it is cut is not visible - almost all of it is covered with stripes of braid and lace. But what is surprising: an inconceivable excess of clothes and a variegation of colors are incomprehensibly brought into harmony.

What else complemented the main costume? With a rich sundress, they put on a brocade shower warmer for warmth, gathered on the back with beautiful folds. With sleeves - it was called an epanechka, on the straps - a short one. An embroidered apron could also have sleeves, but more often it was worn around the neck or tied over the chest. Well, on a holiday - a beautiful scarf or shawl, say, a Kargopol gold scarf with patterns. Such is the outfit of the peasant women of the Russian North.

The costume of the southern provinces was noticeably different from it. And in terms of composition, this is the so-called “pony complex”. And according to the materials - the local peasants lived poorer and did not buy expensive fabrics. And in style - the South Russian costume is brighter and more colorful, which is the reason for the different climate and the proximity of the steppe peoples.

This is also a resident of southern Rus' - you see how bright the outfit is! Yes, and the composition of the costume is different: its basis is a checkered poneva with blue stitching. On the hem there is a braid and a row of a woven pattern; a woolen belt with the ends from multi-colored beads. From it is a breast decoration. And the figure is crowned with a horned kichka with a gold-embroidered browband and woolen rosettes at the temples.

It is based on an ancient belt poneva. Imagine three sewn panels with a cord threaded through the top - a damper. They are wrapped around the hips and fastened at the waist, and the floors do not converge and the shirt is visible in the gap. This is an old swing poneva. The deaf one appeared later, when they began to close the hole with a cloth of another matter - prdshva.

They usually made poneva from woolen homespun, blue or black, in a large cage. This ornament was supplemented with an embroidered or woven pattern; the young women also sewed on ribbons, tassels, buttons, sequins. The local attire is generally characterized by increased patterning. For example, on the shoulders of a shirt, already saturated with embroidery and weaving, red rectangles were often sewn - raids. The shirt itself is sutselny and very long. It was pulled up to the knees, and a large lap was formed at the belt, which was used as a pocket. Because of this bag, Ryazanka in the old days was often teased as "skant-bellied".

The complete ensemble also included a pommel of an ancient tunic-like cut and an apron covering a tear or seam. You will see all this in the illustrations. But about the headdress of a married woman - kichka should be said especially. This is a whole structure, sometimes consisting of ten parts, and weighing up to seven kilograms. In some places it was called "magpie" - according to the upper part, resembling a bird with wings when unfolded. In front of her, horns often towered. Apparently they are

Zans with some very ancient ideas, for the clay female figurines excavated in Kyiv also have two-horned headdresses. On top of the kichka, they put on a forehead, nape, magpie, headphones embroidered with gold or beads ... Oddly enough, Russian women did not want to part with all this for a long time. I. S. Turgenev tells how one landowner ordered the serfs to replace the “heavy and ugly” kits with a kokoshnik, but the peasants wore it ... over the kits. The fervent ditty is also known: “I will never throw Ryazan horns: I will eat one chaff, but I will not throw my horns! ..”

The ancestors of this woman moved to Siberia with whole families, hence the name - "the family of Transbaikalia." In great purity they carried ancient customs and rituals through the centuries and almost to this day they wear traditional clothes. In the figure we see an ensemble common to Rus': a shirt, a sundress, an apron, a kichka, a shawl. True, all this with details peculiar to the family. For example, the shawl is tied in a special way - like a turban, and on the chest there are several strands of amber beads. Sometimes there were up to twelve of them, and individual ambers were so massive that they were called pound ones.

A kind of Siberian costume. Russian people moved to Siberia from various places in European Russia. Over time, their usual outfits changed in new environmental conditions. Moreover, the settlers borrowed a lot from local peoples, especially warm clothes and shoes. So, in the lower reaches of the Ob, men and women wore a Nenets malitsa made of reindeer fur with wool inside, with a hood and mittens. They also mastered new fabrics, because flax and hemp did not grow everywhere. For example, in Transbaikalia, everyday sundresses were sewn from blue cotton daba, which was brought from China, while oriental silks were widely used for festive ones. However, in general, the traditional costume was preserved in Siberia and even acquired unique features, especially where the settlers lived in large villages, sacredly keeping the customs of their fatherly antiquity.

The composition of men's clothing was the same everywhere. But about the patchwork, from which shirts and ports were sewn along with the canvas, it is worth telling. This is a checkered or striped fabric made from dyed yarn. The colors and patterns are sometimes delightful - it’s not for nothing that the village dandies wore sundresses of motley. The cage went to the shirts, and the stripe to the pants, which were called so - blue-striped.

Peasants all over Russia dressed like this: a shirt, ports and a belt.
On the head is a groshnevik - a widespread headdress made of felted wool.
Sometimes it was decorated with ribbons and flowers.

Finally, shoes. We got used to the idea that in the village everyone wore bast shoes. But they were worn mainly in the Central Black Earth provinces, where serfdom had a stronger effect. Here they even got married and buried in bast shoes. But the steppes, Pomors, Siberians did not know them at all. In the North, bast shoes were woven for work, because they are indispensable for mowing or reaping: they are comfortable, light and you can’t prick your leg. On holidays, they wore leather shoes - boots, half boots, shoes. And also cats with a red trim - something like shoes more spacious, so that the leg in a woolen stocking enters. Both men and women wore knee-length knitted stockings with a patterned description, but with bast shoes - usually white linen or cloth onuchi. It seems to be the most uncomplicated detail of the costume, but how much fiction is there! The upholstery with which shoes were tied to the foot were often woven from black wool - imagine how beautifully they crossed over the festive onuch!

Festive men's shirt. Semipalatinsk province. Late 19th - early 20th century.
The men's clothing of the so-called "Bukhtar-Minsk Old Believers" who lived in the Southern Altai was very colorful. In terms of the richness of the decorations, the shirt you see is not much inferior to the women's one: kumach gores and stripes, embroidery and hemstitching. Preparing a gift for the groom, the bride with special diligence embroidered the top of her chest, where, according to ancient beliefs, the soul lived. The pattern in the form of a lattice located there was called a window and decorated with beads.

Beauty and usefulness have never diverged from meaning in folk art. Let's remember the patterns on shirts, ponevs, aprons: Women with raised hands, the unfading Tree of Life, solar rhombuses with crosses in the middle... Scientists have proved that they all express the idea of ​​mother earth's fertility, which is so close to the farmer's soul. And the upper part of the costume was connected with the idea of ​​the sky. Take, for example, the names of women's headdresses, reminiscent of birds: magpie, chicken (in the old kokoshi), swan (“white swan kitchet”). Thus, dressed in her festive multi-layered outfit, the Russian peasant woman was an image of the whole universe, as people imagined it then. She looked majestic, representative; performed solemnly.

Festive men's ports. Semipalatinsk province. Late 19th - early 20th century.
Having moved to the slopes of Altai in the 18th century, the "Bukhtarma" people were forced to adapt to other living conditions. And over time, new features appeared in their costume. For example, embroideries on men's pants, which are extremely rare in European Russia. Moreover, the ornament often combined Russian and Kazakh motifs. In our example, the traditional Tree of Life will face quite realistic horses, which played such an important role in the lives of the settlers.

It is always very important what stands behind a person. The Russian peasant lived in poverty and was often illiterate. But behind him was his native nature, from which he did not separate himself, a great people with its historical and spiritual experience, the most ancient of cultures - agriculture. The peasant served them, he was their representative. This was expressed with such force in his suit.

Men's and women's suits for winter trips. Central provinces of Russia.
The woman is wearing a sheepskin coat, the peasant is wearing a cloth zipun. The artist modernized it somewhat: the Russians fastened their clothes only on the left side. Fur coats and sheepskin coats were made with a very deep smell, so that the mother could even wrap up the child. On the head of a man is a handy felted hat, a woman has a factory-made shawl over a kokoshnik. Bast shoes with warm onuchs or wire rod, patterned knitted mittens. Whip in hand - and go!

Apron with agricultural calendars - "months". Olonets province. End of the 19th century.
The intricate patterns embroidered on the Kargopol apron are nothing but ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts inside the circle represent 12 months, and the symbols outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. For example, May 2 - "Boris-Gleb - I sow bread", May 31 - "Fedot will come - the earth will be taken for its kind." Similar calendars were embroidered on the hem of shirts and on towels. You can understand how they valued these things, carefully passing them by inheritance.

A. LEBEDEVA,
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Drawings by N. Vinogradova, G. Voronova

All over the world are an important part of the country's image and culture. National costume is a way to express yourself on a national scale. Each country has its own traditions, its own history and its own uniqueness. And of course, each of them has their own unique outfits. Today we will talk about the most colorful and interesting costumes.

National costumes Russia

In Rus', the national costume had its own characteristics depending on the region and was divided into everyday and festive. By national dress it was possible to understand where a person comes from and what social class he belongs to. The folk costume and its decoration contained symbolic information about the whole family, about its occupations and family events.

In Russian traditional attire, there was a clear division into everyday and festive attire.

National costumes Scotland

As soon as it comes to national costumes, Scotland is one of the first countries that pops up in our memory. A notable characteristic of the Scottish style is the checkered coloring of the fabric, used both in accessories and in clothing itself, but in principle, in plaids, even this is not the most striking of them. The most unusual thing about Scottish attire is the commitment to skirts, and for the most part in men.

Nowadays, the Scots wear their national dress for important events, official holidays, weddings or sporting events.

National costumes Japan

In Japan, the national costume is a kimono, a robe with wide sleeves. It is made of silk fabric and is always only lined. A Japanese woman in a colorful kimono is the most charming thing. At any age, a kimono shows the inner beauty and grace of its owner.

Today, kimonos are worn - by both men and women - on the occasion of important events. The kimono has retained its weight and is therefore dressed up for participation in special events, such as a tea ceremony, a wedding or a funeral. Each of these events corresponds to an outfit of a certain color and style, depending on the season, age, marital status and social status of the person.

National costumes Kenya

The protected area of ​​Kenya is the traditional place of residence of the Samburu tribe - a tribe of nomadic pastoralists who have preserved their ancient way of life and their customs to this day. The rituals and dances of Samburu leave an unforgettable impression.

Samburu wear jewelry made of metal, leather, stones, bones, large beads made of beads. They have bright national clothes - these are all kinds of windings, capes and bandages.

National costumes India

In India, wearing a sari is a special tradition, a way of life that shows the grace of Indian women. Most Indian women wear a sari every day of their lives, and this type of traditional dress shows not only the loyalty to tradition and rich culture, but also the personality of the woman wearing it.

National costumes of the USA

There is no national costume as such in the USA, but there are interesting features that can be considered as such, for example, long flying skirts, cowboy hats, warm clothes from the northern part of the country.

National costumes Brazil

Clothing in Brazil is famous for its sophistication and piquancy, eye-catching colors and colorful designs. It is difficult to determine which costume is characteristic of Brazil, since its territory is large and the population is multinational. Therefore, depending on the region of the country, the Brazilian costume has its own specifics and differences.

Brazil is known internationally for its conspicuous, stylish and elegant clothing. Their clothes are comfortable, colorful, beautifully and qualitatively sewn and framed with various accessories. The traditional clothing of the Brazilians carries a mix of different races and immigrants from all over the world.

National costumes Indonesia

More than 300 ethnic groups live in Indonesia, each of which has its own kind of folk costume: from loincloths and feathers, which are adopted by the Papuans, and ending with the bizarre outfits of the Minangkabou, Toraya tribes, decorated with magnificent embroidery and beads. The classic Indonesian folk costume originated from the traditional outfits of the inhabitants of the islands of Bali and Java.

Costumes of the Masai people: wear red!

The Maasai tribe prefers clothes of bright colors: it is believed that the red and blue colors of the costume represent strength and power. Clothing for men that resembles women's dress is called "shuka". Such an outfit is an indispensable thing in the African economy. It is convenient to hunt in it, it does not hinder movements, protects from the sun. In addition, according to the Maasai, the shuka perfectly emphasizes the militancy of its owner.

Philippines: Striped Flight

The main feature of the national clothes of the Filipinos among the costumes of other nations is the combination of bright colors and striped fabrics. Men here dress in brong tagalog - a spacious, brightly colored shirt with trousers. Women wear blouses with a sarong, a piece of cloth wrapped around the hips. Although some Filipinos wear nothing at all. In the remote mountainous regions of the country, men still sport nothing but loincloths.

Switzerland: caps with wings

The national costume of the Swiss differed greatly depending on the canton. However, pants just below the knees, a white shirt, a vest and a jacket for men remained common. As for the Swiss, they wore skirts, sweaters, corsages, aprons. The head was most often covered with scarves, in Appenzell-Innerrhoden with bonnets with wings, and in the Romanesque part of the country with straw hats.

Mexico: clothes-transformer

Many people are used to thinking that the national clothes of the Mexicans are sombreros, flared trousers and short shirts. However, this is not the case: the sombrero is more respected by tourists, and the cowboy outfit is used more often for dancing. In everyday life, men wear simple cotton shirts with trousers, with a serape on their shoulders, which can serve as a blanket at night. Women prefer plain blouses, long skirts. In their wardrobe there will definitely be a reboso shawl, which, under the circumstances, can become a headdress or a sling for a child.

Turkey: unisex national costume

The main feature that distinguished the traditional Turkish women's and men's costume from the costumes of other peoples is that it consisted of the same elements: bloomers, shirts, vests and belts. True, the girls wore a toe-length dress over the shirt with sleeves covering the fingertips (entari). In addition, the ladies adorned dresses with a belt, the length of which reached 3-4 meters. Men wrapped a vest with a sash in order to store money, tobacco, matches and other trifles in a kind of "purse".

Bulgaria: wide pants!

In Bulgaria, two types of national men's costumes are known. Here they wore "chernodreshna" - a shirt and trousers with a wide belt of dark shades or "belodreshena" - clothes of light colors. The shirt and vest were richly embroidered. By the way, the well-being of the owner was judged by the clothes: the wider the pants were, the more prosperous the Bulgarian was considered. Bulgarian women most often wore a sarafan-sukman embroidered in the form of flowers and a painted apron.

North of Thailand: ringed

Karen women in northern Thailand wear a lot of bracelets, especially around their necks, which are the main feature of their national costume. Rings are put on when a girl is 5 years old, and their number only grows over the years. The tradition of wearing bracelets around the neck has a long history. According to one legend, in this way women tried to protect themselves from tigers while their men were on the hunt. But there is another version. Karens consider long ringed necks the standard of beauty and sexuality. Yes, and just a profitable business: tourists without grumbling pay money only for the opportunity to look at long-necked ladies.

Georgia: elegance itself

The Georgian national costume differs from the costumes of other peoples of the world in a special smartness. The girls wore long fitted dresses (kartuli), the bodice of which was richly decorated with stones and braid. A luxurious velvet belt with pearls or embroidery remained an indispensable attribute. Men wore a cotton or cotton shirt (peranga), bottom pants (sheidishi) and wide top pants (sharval). A short arkhaluk and a Circassian coat (chokha) were worn on top. Such an outfit favorably emphasized the narrow waist and broad shoulders of men.

Moravia: national costume cake

The national costume of the inhabitants of Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic, is particularly pompous. Pleated skirts, white blouses with puffy sleeves, a dark embroidered apron, colored ribbons in her hair - such an outfit makes even the last ugly girl a real star.

Buryat national costume

The national women's costume in Buryatia depended on age and position in society. So, the girls wore long terligi (robes without a shoulder seam), with cloth sashes. At the age of 14-15, the dress became detachable at the waist with a decorative belt. Married women in a suit had puffy puff sleeves and a fur trim. The rich Buryats preferred clothes made of cloth or satin, trimmed with sable or beaver, while the poor were content with dressed sheepskin.

Netherlands: hat boat

The main feature of the female Dutch costume, which distinguishes it from the national clothes of other peoples of Europe, is variegation, preferably up to ripples in the eyes. White shirts were decorated with embroidery or lace. Bright corsets were certainly worn over the jacket. By the way, this part of the toilet was considered a family heirloom, passed down from generation to generation. That is why, in everyday life, the Dutch women hid their corsets in bright cotton cases. The women's costume was complemented by puffy skirts with thick ruffles and a striped apron. Particular attention was drawn to the cap, which was shaped like a boat.

Spain: national costume in the rhythm of flamenco

The Spaniards had something to look at: the women's national costume in this country differs from the clothes of other peoples of the world in that it is all temptation, mystery and frankness. The girls wore sundresses, wide skirts, corsets, sometimes completely baring their arms. Skirts were sewn from colorful fabrics, made several layers of frills. The result was a unique costume "both in a feast and in the world." The most popular part of the women's wardrobe in Spain remained the mantilla - a lace cape that was worn over a high crest. This accessory is still held in high esteem by brides all over the world: in the process of evolution, the mantilla has turned into a wedding veil.