From turquoise to olive: the names of shades of green. What are the colors called

Primary color theory illustratedcolor wheel. This circle shows how the colors, called tones, are related. Colors oncolor wheeldivided into primary and secondary.

The combination of these colors characterized as adjacent or as additional, depending on their position oncolor scale.

Primary colors- red, yellow and blue, and orange, green and purple -additional colors .

adjacent colorsare the colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. For example, red and orange are adjacent.

Additional colors are colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. So, blue is complementary to orange.

Neutral colors - shades of white gray or beige. Most neutral colors are slightly tinted with another color.

Tint tone- is determined by the amount of white and black and is expressed by the amount of lightness or darkness.

Saturation- describes hue brightness. Saturated (bright) shades are intense shades that are not diluted with black, white oradditional shade .

Desaturated (muted) colors - are formed by diluting the shade with black, white or an additional shade.

Single color composition . In a composition based on one color,various shades the same color. They give a feeling of peace.

Composition based on adjacent colors. Compositions basedadjacent colors created withvarious shades two or three colors next to each other on the color wheel. Contiguous light colors have a relaxing effect.

Composition based on complementary colors . Composition basedadditional colors varies from bright and lively to attention-grabbing and impressive. These compositions are formed withcolor variations , located opposite each other oncolor wheel . An easy way to work with this composition is to select one groupwarm colors and another groupcold colors .

Names of colors and shades

Quite often we find it difficult to determineshade And colors . The perception of color is very subjective, as it is determined by both the physiological and cultural characteristics of mankind.

Also very often there are such descriptions of colors and shades of fabrics, threads, cosmetic products, paints, etc., the meaning of which is sometimes incomprehensible. Some consider it professional color jargon, while others find them simply interesting and amusing.

Aventurine- [from aventurine "a mineral, a kind of quartz, yellowish, brownish-red or green, pierced with sparkles of the smallest inclusions of mica"; opened by accidentper adventure) in 1750< фр. aventurine < aventure "приключение"] – серебристо-черный, черный с металлическим блеском.

Adelaide, adelaidine- [from Adelaide (ancient German "noble" + "state, position") - the name of the heroine of Beethoven's song of the same name to the verses of F. Matisson] - a red shade of blue or purple, close to purple; the name was extremely fashionable in the middle of the 19th century. In the original text of Mathisson, we are talking about the purple color (purpur), which is associated with a sad, melancholy mood. "He was dressed in an old, tattered frock-coat of the color of adelaide, or, as we say, odellonide" (I. Turgenev. Office). Color legal in Japan.

Adrianople - bright red, from the name of the paint, which was made from madder.
Dahl has Adrianople - [after the name of the Turkish city of Adrianople, where the art of paint production flourished] - bright red, paint from madder.

Hellfire, hellfire, hellfire - [tracing paper from French. flame d "enfer] purple shade of red. Or pearl red. Or black with red stains.

alabaster, alabaster - (obsolete) - [from alabaster "a dense, fine-grained variety of white gypsum used for construction and various crafts"< греч. < Alabastron – название города в Египте] - бледно-желтый с матовым оттенком, матово-белый. Чаще о цвете лица, кожи человека.

Alizarin- color of red alizarin ink.

Almandine- [from almandine "gemstone from the group of garnets"< верхн.нем. Almandin < по названию горы Алабанда в Малой Азии] - темно-красный с фиолетовым оттенком, темно-вишневый.

Acajou- [from fr. acajou< яз. тупи-гуарани acaju "тропическое дерево семейства сумаховых, т.н. «красное дерево»"] цвет красного дерева.

amaranth- a color close to purple, violet. From the name of the plant "amaranth" beauty, velvet, velvet, cockscomb (shiretz - red grass). Or the color of rosewood wood, lilac-pink, light purple, crimson.

Amethyst night, amethyst - [from amethyst "a semi-precious stone, a transparent variety of quartz"< нем. Amethyst, фр. am?thyste < греч. < "не" + "опьяняю"; название связано с древним поверьем, согласно которому этот камень притягивает винные пары и таким образом предохраняет его обладателя от сильного опьянения] – темный фиолетово-синий, насыщенный искрасна-синий, фиолетово-красный с синевой, вишнево-лиловый.

Amiantovy- color of amianth (asbestos varieties): whitish, off-white. most of all - about the color of the sky.

Anthracite- [from anthracite "the best grade of hard coal"< греч. "уголь"] - насыщенно-черный, с сильным блеском.

harlequin, harlequin - [from Harlequin - the name of the character of the Italian national theater (the so-called commedia dell "arte), a witty jester servant, whose characteristic accessory is a suit sewn from pieces of matter of various colors< ит. arleccino] - пестрый, разноцветный. В нач. XIX в. арлекином называли также модную ткань из разноцветных треугольников, а также играющий всеми цветами драгоценный камень - благородный опал. Ныне часто употребляется при характеристике окраса животных. Арлекиновый окрас, при котором цветные пятна разбросаны отдельными участками по голове, холке, спине и крестцу кошки…

slate- the color of slate-asp, used in the past for the manufacture of educational boards: black-gray.

bottlenose dolphin- [from the bottlenose dolphin "mammal of the dolphin family of the order of whales"] - silvery green-blue.

gaff- deep red with a bluish tint, dark red with a bluish or lilac tint. Name options:gaff, scarlet, crimson, crimson, crimson, purplish, scarlet.

Crimson- color of crimson: bright crimson.

Purplish- an obsolete form of the word crimson.

market fire- the definition of the shade is almost impossible due to the complexity of the associations that arise in connection with this name: fiery red with an admixture of yellowish blue or gray. The name originated at the end of the 19th century. - in memory of a terrible fire at a charity bazaar in Paris in May 1897, when a considerable number of people died in fire and smoke.

Cormorant, cormorant, cormorant - bright red cochineal paint used in painting [< тюрк. и араб. bakkam] - красная краска - ярко-красный, багряный.

Barkansky- [from barkan "dense durable woolen fabric, patterned and dyed, used for furniture upholstery instead of expensive silk damask"<итал. barracano < араб.-перс. barrakan] – один из оттенков красной гаммы. Упоминается как цветообозначение в 30-е-40-е гг. XIX в.

Thighs of a frightened nymph - a shade of pink. Perhaps it arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of a new variety of roses. (There is also the color "nymph's thigh". It is pale pink, the nymph is calm.) According to other sources, it was pink with an admixture of ocher. Under Emperor Paul, the lining of military uniforms was painted with this color. But since the fabric for officers and soldiers was of different quality, the officer's shade was called "the thigh of a frightened nymph", and the soldier's "thigh of a frightened Mashka".

Beryl- by the name of beryl, a transparent greenish-blue stone, greenish-blue.

Prussian blue, Prussian blue - [by the name of the paint obtained by the action of iron oxide salts on yellow blood-alkaline salt] intense blue. Alsoprussian blue.

Buffalo- dark orange.

billiard cloth , billiard tire - poisonous green.

Biscuit- [from biscuit - porcelain, not glazed, but fired twice< фр. biscuit < bis "дважды" cuit "печеный"] - белый с сероватым или зеленоватым оттенком.

Biskr- yellowish leather colors for upholstery of upholstered furniture.

Bismarck- [from Bismarck - the names of the Reich Chancellor of the German Empire in 1871-1890] - grayish yellow or brown.

Bismarck furioso- brown with a red tint.

Bisnoy- arch. gray, silver, white.

Bystrovy- [from bistres - a transparent brown paint made from wood soot mixed with water-soluble vegetable glue; used by European artists of the 15th-18th centuries. for drawing with pen and brush, after giving way to sepia and ink< фр. bistre < ниж.-герм. biester "темный"] - густой коричневый, бурый.

Blange, or flatbed(from French blanc white), - yellowish-white, white with a creamy tint, flesh-colored.

Bleu Raymond, ble-raymon- [from French. bleu "blue" + male name Raymond (Raymond (d))] - a shade of blue.

blocky- (Polish) bright blue, blue-blue. Dahl has blue, cornflower blue.

blond- [fr. blonde "golden, reddish, fair-haired, blond"] - light, with a golden yellowish tint. More about hair color. The adjective blond in the 18th - 19th centuries. it was often used in a different sense: blonds were called lace made of raw silk, originally golden, and then also white or black.

Bolkaty- black, dark.

Bordeaux wine (Bordeaux, Burgundy) - red-violet, dark red with a lilac tint.

Abdel-Kader's beards - [on behalf of the popular in the middle. 19th century historical figure: Abd-el-Kadir - Algerian commander, orator and poet (1807-1883), in 1832-1847. led the uprising of the Arabs against the French colonialists] - white, shimmering in gray.
he is Abdel-Kerim's beards - [on behalf of the popular in the middle. 19th century historical figure: Abdul-Kerim Pasha - Turkish general (1811-1885), participant in Russian-Turkish military conflicts].

bronze armor- green with a purple tint.

Armored- [cf. armor, brun, armor "ripe ear", armor "ripe"< возможно, др.-инд. Bradhnas "рыжеватый, буланый"] - беловатый, бело-серый.

thrown- crimson, purple.

bristol blue - bright blue.

lingonberry- [from the name of the lingonberry] - one of the shades of red: the color of ripe lingonberries, light red, deep pink. However, for a long time this word in Russian meant green (according to the color of the lingonberry leaf). The color under this name was included in the description of the banner of Ivan the Terrible.

brusyany, beamed- red, crimson, lingonberry colors.

Bransoliter - [from French. brun solitaire "unique (of its kind) brown or swarthy"; another meaning of solitaire "precious stone"] is a shade of brown.

Bulany- [from the Turk. bulan "deer, elk"] - yellowish, of different shades, especially light ones; sometimes with a dark tail and mane and with the same stripe on the ridge.

Burmatny- [possibly from Polish. brunatny "brown, brown"< ср.-в.-н. brûnât "темная ткань", ср.-нем. braun "коричневый"] - темно-серый, как бы подернутый пылью.

Stormy, brown-haired- the same as brown, reddish-brown.

Busy- [possibly from other Turkic. boz "gray, dark"] - dark bluish-gray; sometimes about indefinite coloring. At Dahl (Sib). dark blue-gray, izbura-gray, brown-smoky, brown-ash; about wool, dark brown with blue, gray-brown (V. Dal. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language). Tatar litharge is greenish-beaded / Adjacent to the Venetian bead (M. Voloshin).

bull blood- black with a reddish tint.

Vidovy- dark blue, blue. Woad was used instead of indigo. Later, in connection with the development of the synthetic production of indigo, the cultivation of indigo almost ceased.

Currency- gray-green, the colors of the dollar.

wenge- [from wenge "a hardwood tree native to the tropical jungles of West Africa". Wenge wood is distinguished by a variety of color shades: from golden to dark brown with black veins] - dark reddish brown with black veins.
As if from myself :) - this color became my madness during the repair !!! Now he is at the peak of fashion! Look around! - laminate or parquet board - wenge color, locker - wenge color, bedside table - wenge, moidodyr - wenge, glass - wenge, door - wenge, chair, table, all kinds of furniture, etc.! Solid WENGE!!!

Verdepeshevy- [from fr. vert-de-peche "peach green"] - a yellowish or pinkish shade of green, similar to the color of an unripe peach. Most of all, such names were popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Verdepomovy- [from fr. vert-de-pomme "apple green"] - light green, the color of unripe apples.

Verdigri- green-gray, from the French. vert-de-gris.

Verdragon- [French. vert dragon "green dragoon"; the green color of the dragoon uniform; another interpretation is possible: dragon "dragon"] - a shade of dark green.

Vermillion, vermilion- [French. vermillion "bright red, scarlet; blush"] - bright scarlet with an orange tint.

The Merry Widow- a shade of pink. The name was popular in the 18th century.

viardot- [distorted fr. vert d "eau "green water"] - light green, aquamarine. There is an optionwater green.

Wine- yellowish red.

Toad in love- greenish grey.

raven eye- black, deep black shade - recommended for expensive tailcoats, only wool of the highest quality could be of this color. Any other very soon acquired a reddish tint.

raven wing- black with a bluish tint.

Vohra, vokhryany- the same as ocher.

waxed, wax- color of wax, from yellow-gray, honey to amber-yellow.

Otter- the color of the fur of an otter, dirty green.

Havana or havana brown- dark brown, chocolate and lighter, chestnut or slightly lilac, reminiscent of the color of Havana cigars.

Haiti- or blue and red - the colors of the flag of Haiti, which symbolizes the union of blacks and mulattoes.

jet- black amber, with a bright resinous sheen, jet color - black or brown-black.

heliotrope- 1) the color of heliotrope (bloody stone, blood jasper, bloodstone), mineral, a variety of chalcedony; dark green chalcedony with bright or dark red (“bloody”) spots and stripes. 2) heliotrope flower, garden fragrant plant with dark purple flowers. 3) arts. organic paint for painting cotton fabrics in red-violet color.

Hemorrhoidal - a fashionable word of the early twentieth century: the red complexion of an unhealthy person, in Ushakov's dictionary - gray-yellow, haggard. Alsoparalytic.

hyacinth- the color of hyacinth (stone), red or golden-orange.

Negro head- since the 18th century, people from Africa have often met on the streets of Moscow or St. Petersburg, so one of the brown shades got its name.

stuffed cabbage, mountain blue, English mountain blue - bright blue paint.

pigeon neck- a shade of grey.

pea- the color of boiled gray peas, yellow-gray, wild yellowish.

Hydrangea- light pink.

Grid-pearly- pearl shade of grey. At the beginning of the century, it was called and written only in French.

glyafny- astra. rose, rosan; rose hip. Gulyafnaya water, rose water, distilled on rose petals, wild rose.

Goose droppings (merdua) - yellow-green with a brown tint.

two-faced- with a tide, an ebb, with a play, multi-colored, as if two colors on one side.

Edward's children- a shade of pink. Painting by Delaroche "Children of Edward IV"<1830—1831, Париж, Лувр>, which brought him great popularity, even the hairstyle "under the children of Edward" came into fashion).

jalo santo- yellow, obtained from unripe berries of buckthorn or joster.

Wild, wild- light grey. the natural color of the original material, not bleached or dyed

dragon green - very dark green.
"That's how I first saw dragon glass.
I'm sure nothing like it has ever existed. At first, you see only a greenish shimmering transparency, like in the sea, when you swim underwater on a calm summer day and look up ... There are splashes of scarlet and gold around the edges, the glow of emerald, the sparkle of silver and the sheen of ivory. And at the base is a topaz disk framed by red flames sparkling with small yellow tongues.

Dragon Blood- it was the original color of the Mikhailovsky Castle, the color of the gloves of the beloved maid of honor of Paul I.

drokovy- bright yellow, the color of paint from the dye flower of the gorse.

Smoky, smoky- similar in appearance or color to smoke; gray, wild, mousey, blue, dark water.

Gendarme- a shade of blue. There was even the expression "blue pants", which denoted the employees of the gendarme department.

Hot(aka hot) - orange, rich orange.

Burnt coffee

toasted bread- a complex shade of brown.

Zhirazol- milky with a rainbow tint, girazole - the old name for a noble opal.

giraffe- yellow-brown.

giraffe belly or giraffe belly- a combination of light brown and yellow with a reddish tint. In the summer of 1827, a small female giraffe appeared in the Paris Botanical Gardens, sent by Mehmet-Ali, the viceroy of Egypt, as a gift to the French king Charles X. The most fashionable colors of the summer of 1827 were called color"giraffe belly" , color "Giraffe in love" or color "giraffes in exile" .

Zhonkilevy- golden yellow, jonquil - one of the species of the genus Narcissus.

Zekry- light blue, gray. Blue-eyed. Zekry (blue) eyes.

Isabella- pale straw, dirty straw pink. Named after the Spanish Queen Isabella, who gave in 1604. vow: three years not to change shirts.

Indigo- dark blue paint. Extracted from the juice of a tropical plant of the legume family.

Incarnate- (from lat. "carneus" meat) the color of raw beef, crimson, raspberry.

Frightened mouse- soft gray color.

Judas tree- bright pink, like the flowers of the Judas tree.

cocoa shua- (French "cacao-choix" selected cocoa). This is a dark brown liqueur. camelopard- yellowish brown.

Cardinal on straw - combination of yellow and red. When Cardinal de Rogan was arrested and imprisoned in the Bastille, the Parisian milliners, in mockery of the queen, invented a ladies' hat, called "Cagliostro" or "Queen's Necklace" (259). Since it was made from the straw of the colors of the coat of arms of the cardinal, it was also called the hat of the "cardinal on the straw" and, in order to pity the public, the rumor was spread that his Eminence had to sleep in the prison on the straw. The hat was also adorned with a necklace reminiscent of the famous necklace of Beumer and Bessange.

Karmazinny, carmesine- (French cramoisi) bright scarlet, crimson; from bright scarlet cloth crimson.

Carmine- bright red.

Carmelite, capuchin- a pure shade of brown. As early as the 18th century, pure shades of brown became widespread: "carmelite", "capuchin", etc. In the future, shades of brown became more complex, complex colors appeared. For example, there was a hint of "burnt bread" or "burnt coffee" and "forest chestnuts".

castor- dark gray, the color of castor, woolen cloth.

saucepan- reddish-red, the color of polished copper utensils, often applied to cars.

KashU or catechu- red-brown, brown, tobacco. It is obtained from the wood of acacia catechu (Acacia catechu) of the mimosa family, originally from India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon). By digesting the crushed wood, an extract is obtained, which is evaporated into a solid red-brown mass. Porridge gives with alumina - yellow, with iron salts - olive, with copper. and chrome - brown and black.
Sometimes porridge means two completely different colors: blue or bright red. In explanatory dictionaries, this color is often interpreted as tobacco.

Boiled, boiled white- white, like boiling, snow-white, the color of white foam from boiling.

columbine- (from the French "colombin" dove) pigeon, gray.

cinnamon- from "cinnamon" the same as brown.

royal blue - tracing paper from English. royal blue, bright blue.

cochineal- from paint cochineal, extracted from insects, crimson, worm, bright red, slightly crimson.

kraplachny, maroon- scarlet, madder, bright red, from him. Krapplack, the color of krapplak dye obtained from madder root.

Dye- red color, redness, redness.

Kumachovy- sometimes meaning red, scarlet, the color of red calf.

Vitriolic- piercing blue, the color of a solution of copper sulfate.

Vat- bright blue, deep blue, from the name of the cube plant (it is also indigo).

partridge eyes - indicated in the periodicals as light red.

Labrador - the color of labradorite, a feldspar stone, with an iridescent tint, from the smallest cracks in it. The Labrador himself is colorless, white or gray in color, forms complex twins, often with a beautiful iridescence of light of blue-green and golden hues.
Lavalier - leather shade of brown - yellowish light - brown. It came into fashion, unlike yuft, only in the middle of the 19th century.

Lani(from the name of the animal) - yellowish brown.

Forest chestnuts- dark brown with a reddish tint.

Lily- pale white, whiteness, tenderness reminiscent of a lily, that is, a lily Lily forehead. Lily chest.

London smoke - dark grey.

Lord Byron or byrons- [on behalf of the English. poet J. Byron] - a reddish, but rather dark shade of brown, close to dark chestnut.

Elk- off-white, the color of leggings.

Frogs in a swoon - light grey-green.

Magovo-gulyafny- red-pink.

Magenta- from Italian. - bright red, magenta, from English. - purple, between red and purple. Color from a mixture of red and blue light, narrowed range from the magenta sector. Looks like a fuchsia flower. Perhaps the name arose after the battle near the city of Magenta (northern Italy) in 1859.

Chafer - red-brown color with a golden tint.
poppy color [most often about the face] - c red poppy color: ruddy, crimson.

Marengo- Gray with black accents. It appeared after the Battle of Marengo in 1800. The fact is that local handmade fabrics were mostly dark gray.

marengo-clair- light grey.

Marin, marina- the color of a light sea wave, from the French. marine, marine.

Marchioness Pompadour - a shade of pink. She took an active part in the work on the creation of Sevres porcelain. A rare pink color, obtained as a result of numerous experiments, is named after her - Rose Pompadour.

Massaca- dark red with a blue tint. Well known in the first half of the 19th century. It is found in "War and Peace", however, there he is "masaka": "The countess should have been wearing a masaka velvet dress."

Bearish, bear's ear

Milori - dark blue, blue,Prussian blue .
mov- mauve. Mauvéine (fr. Mauvéine - aniline purple) is the first synthetic dye obtained in 1856.

Mordor, mardor- red-brown color with a golden tint. The name comes from the French more dore, literally "gilded Moor". This color was especially fashionable in the 1st half of the 19th century.

Moscow fire - similar to the color of crushed lingonberries.

Muramny, moire- grassy green.

Naked- bodily.

Nakaratovy- a shade of red, "hot", scarlet. From the French naca-rat.

Navarino flame with smoke (or smoke with flames) - a dark shade of gray, a fashionable color of cloth, which appeared after the victory of the Russians over the Turks in Navarino Bay in 1827. Mentioned in Dead Souls.

Nankovy (nanca, Nanjing) - the color of coarse cotton fabric, once brought from Nanjing: dirty yellow.

Jade- Intense golden yellow, like some teas.

Cloudy- cloud colors.

converted- crimson.

Orletsovy- red-cherry-pink, the color of an eagle.

Opal- milky white, matte white with yellowness or blueness.

Oreldursovy- reddish, but rather dark shade of brown.

Aspen- green with a grayish tint.

ophitic- the color of ophit, greenish marble.

Peacock- bluish-purple.

Pale yellow- pale yellow, dull yellow, pinkish-beige shade of yellow, from the French. paille "straw". Dahl's is straw-colored, pale yellowish. White-yellowish, yellowish-white; yellow-whitish; about horses: nightingale and isabella; about dogs: sexual; about pigeons: clayey. Karamzin sang of pale cream.

Paris blue- bright blue.

Paris blue - light blue.

Parisian mud- dirty brown. Appeared after the public got acquainted with the essays of Louis-Sebastian Mercier "Pictures of Paris".

parnassian rose- a shade of pink with a purple tint.

Spider plotting a crime - the same dark gray color as marengo. According to other sources - black with redness.

Pelesy- dark, brown.

Pervanche- grayish blue, pale blue with a lilac tint.

Barley- (from French perle, pearl, pearl) pearl, white, with a bluish tint.

orange- orange, ore-yellow, hot. Dahl has an orange - a tree and a bitter orange fruit.

porphyry- purple, crimson; (from the Greek porphýreos - purple) the name comes from a kind of red rock with white large orthoclase phenocrysts (antique P.), widely used for jewelry and sculptures in ancient Rome. Purple paint was in great use in Babylon in ancient times. Since ancient times, respectful attention to persons who can afford to purchase expensive products has been preserved - including valuable dyes: purple, lapis lazuli, later - carmine ... Therefore, in particular, purple and porphyry are ancient symbols of power, signs of royalty of their owner. Purple dye was obtained from the juice of a certain kind of shell or snail found in the Mediterranean Sea, and sometimes from the juice of an insect found in one of the species of oak trees (cochineal).

Puketovy- (from spoiled "bouquet"), painted with flowers. From Ostrovsky: "Give me a piece of fabric for a dress and a French handkerchief."

Crimson- bright, thick or dark scarlet (worm).

drunken cherry- brown with a reddish tint.

Pusovy- a brown, brown shade of red, the color of a crushed flea from the French puce "flea". The New Russian Dictionary describes it as just dark brown. (There are also links to shades "flea", " flea"; " flea belly ", color " fleas in puerperal fever ", " flea that fainted ", " flea back", " flea in love ", " dreamy flea "...). In 1775, one summer, Marie Antoinette appeared in a dress made of dark silk taffeta. "This is the color of a flea!" The king exclaimed. And the word and fashion, of course, were picked up, and the whole court dressed in "the color of a flea". Paris and the provinces, naturally, were in a hurry to imitate him.

range- the same as orange.

Smaragdine- the color of emerald (an obsolete name for emerald).

Smury- brown shade of gray, dirty gray, dark, mixed color, izbura-black-gray, dark gray, dark brown. So the peasants called the dark gray color. It turned out that way. At home dressing of woolen fabrics, the yarn was rarely dyed. Materials from it were obtained in various dirty gray shades of the color of natural wool - sometimes with a brownish tint.

soldier- the color of the gray cloth of the soldier's greatcoat of the tsarist army.

Nightingale- gray-yellow. The nightingale is named after this color. strizovy- bright red.

sealing wax- brown, the color of postal sealing wax.

Dauphin Surprise. He is the color of children's surprise. According to legend, in Paris they began to dye fabrics in the color of trimmed diapers after Marie Antoinette showed the courtiers her just-born two-hour-old son, who “disgraced” in front of them.

Tango- orange with a brown tint. Name after the dance of the same name. It was first used in 1897 in the musical play Creole Justice.

taucine- blue, from the word "peacock". Blueish purple. According to Dahl, dark blue, according to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language, dark blue with a cherry tint. There are options tagashin, tagash.

Terracotta- brown shade of red brick, rust.

tourmaline- dark crimson, the color of semi-precious tourmaline stone.

Furnambuc- yellow-red, a dye obtained from fernambuco wood - red sandalwood, Caesalpina dye tree, Brazilian wood, and yellow paint made from it. Fernambuco paper, dyed with it, turns brown from alkalis, and therefore liquids are tortured with it for alkali.

pistachio- dirty green.

cutters, milling- [from French. "fraise" strawberry] crushed strawberry color, light raspberry. According to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language, pink with a lilac tint.

Fuchsia- Intense pink.

Khaki- complex grayish-brownish-greenish color. Usually uniform. Title from English. - khaki, dating back to Ind. from pers. hak - earth, dust.

Chrysolite Shamoub- [from French. "chamoi" ​​camel] light tan.

shanzhan- color with iridescent shades. Shanzhan is a multicolored fabric with a contrasting texture. Using differently colored threads for the warp and weft in the production of smooth fabrics, an iridescent color effect is obtained, the so-called. effect "shanzhan".

Charlach or sherlac- bright red, from the name of the paint, the color and paint is bright crimson, scarlet.

Chartreuse- yellow-green.

Schmalt, yuhotny- leather shade of brown - yellowish light brown. The color of yuft was widespread in the first quarter of the 19th century.

verdigris, verdigris- a bright green paint obtained by oxidizing copper.

Many people know that color is a subjective characteristic of electromagnetic radiation of the optical sphere, which is determined on the basis of the emerging visual physiological sensation. It depends on a number of psychological, carnal and physical factors. is determined by the identity of a person, as well as the spectral composition, brightness and color polarity with non-luminous objects surrounding light sources. Such phenomena as metametry, hereditary personal qualities of human vision (the degree of expression of visual polymorphic pigments) and the psyche are very important.

Simply put, color is the impression that a person receives when light rays enter his eyes. The same influences of these radiations can evoke different feelings in different people. In fact, every observer sees his true color.

One of the base colors

Blue is the name of a group of tones. People feel the blue spectral color under the influence of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the range of 440-485 nm. This is one of the basic elements in the GLC system.

Among the most distinguished are three varieties: azure, cyan (blue-green) and ultramarine.

Blue

Explore all shades of blue. What is blue? This is either a group of blue elements with a slight shift towards green, such that there is still no feeling of a green tint, or the usual light colors of the blue zone tones. Spectral blue is roughly in harmony with hue 130 in the Windows color mode (OOBFFF16).

Very often it is defined as slightly blue or bluish. In this version, blue is usually called objects that stand out among the rest with a faint blue tint. In particular, veins and blood vessels are considered blue: when we see them under the skin, we perceive the color subjectively as exuding a blue tone.

Source

Blue color does not belong to the base and intermediate colors. It is not included in the paints of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd ranks (red-blue-green system, red-yellow-blue system).

In the red-green-blue mode, this color scheme belongs to the 4th rank (between cyan (green-blue) and blue-green-blue). It can be described as green-blue-green-blue.

Some prospectors believe that the Russian word "blue" comes from the name of the bird "dove". Others say that the birds were called "pigeons" because of their color. Some argue that the word "blue" is akin to the word "deep", since transparent deep water bodies have a bluish tint, and clean air gives rise to blue skies.

When a clear impression of a green tint occurs, the blue turns into cyan, and then into turquoise. The English word Blue means "blue", but is usually translated as "light blue". roughly matches the tone 140 in the Windows color mode (140-240-120, 0080FF16).

Natural pigments and dyes

Shades of blue exist in nature. So, turquoise has bluish-greenish tones - depending on the deposit. Lapis lazuli was very expensive in ancient times, as it was one of the scarce blue pigments.

Physics of vision

The sky looks blue. In fact, it emits all visible colors, but the degree of dispersion is inversely proportional to the wavelength to the 4th power. In fact, in this case, the visible range is maximum for blue, violet and blue rays. To human eyes, this mixture appears blue.

Polygraphy

In the CMYK system, one of the main four colors is cyan. It is sometimes called cyan, although in reality this typified color should be called blue-green. Combined with red in Anaglyph glasses, it reproduces a three-dimensional image.

Shades

A color palette is a fixed set of colors and tones that have a physical implementation in one way or another. Shades of blue exist in the following types:

• bright blue - bristol blue;
• turquoise;
• cornflower;
• blue dark - busy - gray-blue shade or gray;
• azure (azure);
• pale blue with a lilac note - pervanche;
• lapis lazuli - unusual chintz;
• sky blue (heavenly);
• cornflower blue - blue, silk;
• schmalt (from the name of the paint, which was prepared from blue crushed glass (smalt));
• ultramarine (blue dye obtained from the fossil lapis lazuli).

Psychology

Shades of blue are soothing, promote mental and physical relaxation, create an atmosphere of trust and security. This color is a sign of creativity, it is recommended for classrooms and classrooms. Observing the blue color, people strive for peace, fidelity, thoughtful reasoning, harmony with society and themselves. Blue is considered a "masculine" color. It is combined with "feminine" pink.

Ethnography and culture

Shades of blue are reflected in the Blue Puppy cartoon. There are also historical, cultural and literary associations with this color scheme in Orthodox traditions. So, blue is considered the color of the Virgin, "The Zealous Intercessor."

In general, all shades of blue embody a dream and ideality. From here came the concepts of “blue dream” (elusive and beautiful), “blue thief” (“The Twelve Chairs” by Ilf and Petrov), tormented by remorse after thefts, Malvina’s blue hair and so on. In fact, objects of this color are characterized as "too perfect."

The expression “on a silver platter” (serve) means giving someone what they want without meager labor on their part. It is also known that the topaz stone is considered the physical realization of this color scheme. There is also a Russian Blue cat breed.

Warm and cold tones

Blue pure color is classified as But if a little yellow is added to it, it acquires a radiant soft feature. Warm shades of blue - heavenly and all its gradations.

Cold tones are cornflower blue, azure, aquamarine, protective blue and others.

blue wedding

It is a celebration of tenderness, very refined and restrained. Such a wedding is usually organized by shy romantics. Blue literally represents peace, nobility and purity. Outwardly, he seems aloof and cold, but amazing versatility and unknown strength lurk in him. This is an incredibly deep color.

It can be safely compared with a chameleon, because it skillfully adapts to the surrounding colors. It is like a blank sheet on which everyone can create their own description of colors, amazing and bewitching.

There are many shades of blue in the world. For example, the palette of the Panton Institute contains 119 of them. But basically these are intermediate elements, the difference between which the townsfolk hardly catch. For a blue wedding, blue No. 1, baby blue, aqua, turquoise, cyan, sea wave, Bondi beach water, coniferous green, aquamarine, azure gray, viridian are usually used.

Interiors

Why are light colors good? Light blue was present in the interiors of the Empire era. It was in those days that the walls in urban areas were decorated with paint of this color. The owners painted the doors and floor in dark colors, and the furniture was arranged diagonally. Today, no one obliges to follow these customs, but the use of a blue tone in the interior is fully justified.

Soft shades of blue-gray (Blue-gray) harmonize amazingly with picturesque furniture and interior items. Such properties are suitable for creating a noble and sophisticated atmosphere, saturated with notes of cheerfulness.

The blue interior evokes cozy associations associated with the vast expanses of the sea and the endless sky. After all, a person, admiring such beauties, experiences peace and tranquility. Blue color evokes a feeling of carelessness, peace and well-being. But it must be remembered that its excess can lead to fatigue.

We hope that thanks to our article you will be able to use blue tones for their intended purpose.

What are the colors called?

"... Next, I will try to reveal the meaning of certain used shades and colors in a more accessible and understandable form. I hope that this will help and be useful to someone. It is a pity that the source of this is unknown. We will be grateful to the author for this collection.

Adelaide is a red shade of lilac. According to other sources, dark blue. In the 40-50s of the XIX century. used in the press: found in Turgenev ("the color of adelaide, or, as we say, odelloid") and Dostoevsky ("So this tie is adelaidine color?).

Adrianople - bright red, from the name of the paint, which was made from madder.

Hellfire is a purple shade of red. Or pearl red. Or black with red stripes.

Alabaster - pale yellow with a matte finish.

Alizarin - the color of red alizarin ink.

Almandine - dark cherry.

Akazhu - the color of "mahogany", from the French. acajou.

Amaranth - a color close to purple, violet. From the name of the plant "amaranth" beauty, velvet, velvet, cockscomb (shiretz - red grass). Or the color of rosewood wood, lilac pink, light purple.

Amianth - the color of the amianth (a type of asbestos): whitish, off-white. Most often - about the color of the sky.

Cormorant (cormorant) - from "bakan" - crimson paint extracted from a worm; fake, from madder, etc.

Haff - thick red with a bluish tinge.

The frightened nymph's thighs are a shade of pink. Perhaps it arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of a new variety of roses. (There is also the color "nymph's thigh". It is pale pink, the nymph is calm.) According to other sources, it was pink with an admixture of ocher. Under Emperor Paul, the lining of military uniforms was painted with this color. But since the fabric for officers and soldiers was of different quality, the officer's shade was called "the thigh of a frightened nymph", and the soldier's "thigh of a frightened Mashka".

Beryl - by the name of beryl, a transparent greenish-blue stone.

Prussian blue is an artistic term. Until its invention in 1704, the world did not know bright blue colors. Everything looked dull, pale - in general, not azure at all. With the invention of this paint, aesthetes allowed themselves blue walls and furniture. Other names for this compound are iron blue, Prussian blue, Parisian blue, Prussian blue, Hamburg blue, Turnboule blue, Neublou, Milori.

Biscuit - delicate grayish green.

Biskr - the color of yellowish leather for upholstery of upholstered furniture.

Bismarck furioso - brown with a red tint.

Bisnoy - gray, silver.

Bistro - bistro color, thick brown, brown.

Blange, or planchevy (from fr. blanc - white) - a creamy shade of white. Dahl's - telny, i.e. flesh color.

Blocky - blue-blue. In Ukrainian, “blakitny” is blue.

Blond - the same as blond (blonde, blond).

Bordeaux wine - red-violet.

"Abdel-Kader's beard", or "Abdel-Kerim's beard" is a white material with a black tint and a gray tint.

Brunswick Greens is a complex blue-green hue, turquoise green.

Bristol blue is bright blue.

Lingonberry - once meant green (according to the color of the lingonberry leaf).

Squared, squared - red, crimson, the color of lingonberries.

Bulany - gray-beige.

Stormy - the same as brown.

Busy - dark blue-gray or gray-blue.

Vidovy - blue. Woad was used instead of indigo.

The Merry Widow is a shade of pink.

Verdepeche - a yellow or pink shade of green (similar to a green peach).

Verdigri - green-gray, from the French. vert-de-gris.

Vermilion - bright red, the color of scarlet cinnabar, from the French. vermillion.

Victorian red is an English classic. This color became popular not under Queen Victoria, but much earlier, under
Elizabeth, who adored dark lipstick and blush that contrasted with her pale complexion. Since then, dark red has been a favorite among the British, often combined with dark green. It is traditionally chosen for living rooms. And if you want both red Victorian and green Georgian, then they glue red-green striped wallpaper.

Wine - yellowish red.

Toad in love - greenish-gray.

Waxed - the color of wax, from yellow-gray to amber-yellow.

Havana - gray with a hint of brown or vice versa.

Haiti is either pink or bright blue.

Clove - grey.

Heliotrope - heliotrope-colored, dark green with patches of red or yellow. Or like a heliotrope flower, grayish purple.

Hyacinth - the color of hyacinth (stone), red or golden orange.

The head of a Negro - since the 18th century, people from Africa have often met on the streets of Moscow or St. Petersburg, so one of the brown shades got its name.

Pigeon neck - a shade of grey.

Pea - gray or dirty yellow.

Hydrangea - pale pink.

Grey-pearly - a pearly shade of grey.

Gulyafny - red, the color of ripe rose hips. but there was also a definition of this color as "pink".

Gummigut is a bright yellow paint. It was made on the basis of the juice of the cambodia guta plant from the island of Ceylon. This color was loved, in particular, by the English artist Reynolds. In other countries gummigut is called "dragon blood".

Goose droppings (merdua) - yellow-green with a brown tint.

Two-faced - with a flow, as it were, of two colors on one side.

Edward's children are a shade of pink. (Children of Edward IV who died in the Tower?)

Djalo santo is yellow, obtained from unripe buckthorn or joster berries.

Wild, wild - light gray.

Dragon green is a very dark green.

Dragon blood - see Gummigut.

Gorse - yellow, the color of the paint from the gorse flower.

Smoky - an obsolete form of the word "smoky"

Gendarme - a shade of blue. The word appeared at the end of the nineteenth century. thanks to the color of the gendarme uniform.

Hot - orange, rich orange.

Iron - about the same as the current "steel".

Burnt Sienna is a beautiful red-brown paint that no oil painter can do without. Before calcination, it has a yellow tint and is called "Siena land", since it is mined in its pure form near the Italian city of Siena. In general, artists have a whole palette of different "lands": green, Umbrian, Kassel, Cologne. Under these poetic names, as a rule, quite ordinary brownish shades are hidden.

Roasted coffee is a complex shade of brown.

Burnt bread is a complex shade of brown.

Girazole - milky with a rainbow tint, girazole is the old name for a noble opal.

Giraffe - yellow-brown.

Zhonkilevy - the color of narcissus.

Zekry - dark / light blue, gray.

Indigo is a natural dye that produces a blue color. Its powerful use dates back to the era of the Napoleonic Wars, when France needed a sea of ​​blue paint for military uniforms. In principle, in France at that time there was another blue dye - woad, but it did not justify the hopes. Now blue paint is obtained artificially, but the name remains.

Incarnate - the color of raw beef, from lat. carneus, meat.

Frightened mouse - soft gray color.

Judas tree - bright pink (The Judas tree, or scarlet, flowers are bright pink).

Cocoa shua is the color of hot chocolate.

Camelopard - yellowish brown.

Cardinal on straw - a combination of yellow and red (this is how the French aristocracy protested about the imprisonment of Cardinal de Rogan in the Bastille in connection with the famous "queen's necklace" case).

Karmazinny, Karmesinny - rich red, from the French. cramoisi, the color of the old fine cloth crimson.

Carmine, carmine - a shade of bright red.

Carmelite, capuchin - a pure shade of brown.

Castor - dark gray, the color of castor, woolen cloth.

Saucepan - reddish-red, the color of polished copper utensils.

Cinnabar is an artistic term. This is a bright red color, and the paint itself has been known since ancient times under the Roman name "minimum". It could be found almost anywhere in the world, it was cheap, but under the influence of light it turned black once and for all. Or rather, if a picture painted in cinnabar stood indoors, then at night the blackened paint again returned its red tint. And if it was exhibited in the sun, then everything, sorry, goodbye. Much depended on the ground used by the artist. Rubens wrote on glue, so he has juicy red colors. Others were less fortunate. Cinnabar is still produced in various countries, especially in China, a country noted for its particular fondness for the color red.
Boiled, boiling white - snow-white, the color of boiling, white foam formed when water boils.

Columbine - gray, from the French. colombin, "dove".

Cinnamon is the same as brown.

Royal blue - tracing paper from English. royal blue, bright blue.

Cochineal - bright red, slightly raspberry.

Kraplachny, maroon - bright red, from it. Krapplack, the color of krapplak dye obtained from madder root.

Krutik - as a blue paint, Russian painters for a long time used krutik, which was obtained in the south of Russia from the local plant krutik. Krutik instead of indigo was widely used in easel painting and book miniature writing.

Kumachovy - the color of kumach, a bright red cotton fabric.

Vitriol - piercing blue, the color of a solution of copper sulfate.

Cube - blue, deep blue, from the name of the cube plant (it is also indigo).

Partridge eyes - light red.

Labrador - the color of labrador, feldspar with a beautiful blue tint.

Lavalier - yellowish-light brown. It came into fashion, unlike yuft, only in the middle of the 19th century.

Lani (from the name of the animal) - yellowish brown.

Forest chestnut - dark brown with a reddish tinge.

Lily - pale white, the color of a white lily.

London smoke - dark grey.

Lord Byron - dark brown with a reddish tint.

Elk - off-white, the color of leggings.

Frogs in a swoon - light grey-green.

Magovo-gulyafny - red-pink.

Magenta - bright red, between red and purple (purple crimson). Judging by the fact that one of the flowers was named in honor of the battle of Solferino in 1859 (see below), and another battle took place near the city of Magenta at the same time, this name may have arisen at the same time.

Maybug - a color from a red-brown range with a golden tint.

Marengo - gray with black splashes. The name appeared after the Battle of Marengo in 1800. According to some sources, Napoleon's trousers were of this color, according to others, handmade fabrics of local production were mainly dark gray.

Marengo-clair - light gray.

Marine, marina - the color of a light sea wave, from the French. marine, marine.

Marquises Pompadour - a shade of pink. She took an active part in the work on the creation of Sevres porcelain. A rare pink color, obtained as a result of numerous experiments, is named after her - Rose Pompadour.

Massaka - dark red with a blue tint. It is found in "War and Peace", however, there he is "masaka": "The countess should have been wearing a masaka velvet dress."

Bear (aka bear's ear) - a dark chestnut shade of brown.

Milori - dark blue, blue. Trade name for Prussian Blue.

Mov - mauve.

Mordor, mardor - a color from a red-brown range with a golden tint. The name comes from the French more dore, literally "gilded Moor". This color was especially fashionable in the 1st half of the 19th century.

Moscow fire - similar to the color of crushed lingonberries.

Muramny, moire - grassy green.

Nakarat, karat - a shade of red, "hot", scarlet. From the French nacarat.

Navarino flame with smoke (or smoke with flame) - a dark shade of gray, a fashionable cloth color that appeared after the Russian victory over the Turks in Navarino Bay in 1827. Mentioned in Dead Souls. According to one version, Ichikov asks to show the cloth “dark, olive or bottle-colored with a spark, approaching, so to speak, lingonberries”, according to another, he wants to get the cloth “more sparkling, not for a bottle, but for lingonberries to get closer”. And in the picture in the Moscow Telegraph, “a cloth tailcoat, the color of the Navarino smoke” is brown. light with flames obviously denotes lighter shades.

Jade - rich golden yellow, like some teas.

Cloudy - colors of the cloud.

Converted - crimson.

Orletsovy - red-cherry-pink, the colors of an eagle.

Opal - milky white, matte white with yellow or blue.

Oreldursovy - dark brown with a reddish tint.

Aspen - green with a grayish tinge.

Ophite - the color of ophite, greenish marble.

Peacock - bluish-purple.

Fawn - a pinkish-beige shade of yellow, from the French. paille "straw". According to Dahl, straw-coloured, pale yellowish. White-yellowish, yellowish-white; yellow-whitish; about horses: nightingale and isabella; about dogs: sexual; about pigeons: clayey. Karamzin sang of pale cream.

Parisian blue is a well-refined Prussian blue.

Paris blue - light blue.

Parisian mud - dirty brown. Appeared after the public got acquainted with the essays of Louis-Sebastian Mercier "Pictures of Paris".

Parnassian rose - a shade of pink with a purple tint.

A spider plotting a crime is a dark shade of grey. According to other sources - black with redness.

Pelesy - dark, brown.

Pervanche - pale blue with a lilac tint.

Barley - pearl gray, from the French. perle, pearl, pearls.

Rose Ash is a delicate and complex shade that was especially loved in the 19th century in Scandinavia. In natural light, it appeared gray, but when the candles were lit, the house was filled with warm pink shadows.

Orange - orange with pink.

Porphyry, porphyry - purple.

Jaco's last breath is yellow-red. Perhaps because before death, the eyes of a Jaco parrot turn yellow.

Floating - light yellow. Dahl has a yellow-whitish, white-yellow, straw color.

Pragreen - blue-greenish.

Prazemny - the color of prasem, light green quartz.

Prunel - a shade of black, got its name from the color of ripe mulberry berries; at first, the shade was associated with prunel fabric, which was once only black.

Puketovy - (from spoiled "bouquet"), painted with flowers. From Ostrovsky: "Give me a piece of fabric for a dress and a French handkerchief."

Crimson - bright, thick or dark scarlet (wormy).

Puce - a brown, brown shade of red, the color of a crushed flea (from the French puce - "flea"). The New Russian Dictionary describes it as just dark brown. (There were also shades of "flea in a swoon", "flea belly" and probably lie about the color "flea in puerperal fever").

Orange is the same as orange.

Frisky shepherdess - a shade of pink.

The empress's vomit is a shade of brown.

Rare - brown, red, reddish.

Pink ash is a soft gray color that shimmers in pink.

Savoyarsky - a color from a red-brown range with a golden tint.

Salmon - a shade of pink.

Celadon was the name of a 17th-century French love story flaunted in a suit with grayish-bluish-green ribbons. Now this shade is associated not with love affairs, but with classical Chinese porcelain, covered with “qing qi” glaze, which has been known since 1000. Celadon ceramics influenced not only all the applied arts of the East, but also the tea tradition itself: in those days, the color of tea had to be combined with the color of the dishes, therefore, “bluish” varieties were successful. Echoes of this tradition remained in many languages. Many Asians will say "blue" instead of "green" when asked what kind of tea they drink. It is difficult for our decorators to work with celadon: I made a little mistake, and now it turned out not to be celadon, but the color of the wall in a Soviet clinic. But on the right celadon background, tapestries, light furniture and porcelain tableware with a pink pattern look great.

Sepia is a transparent brown color that has created a whole trend in watercolor. Sepia are collected in the same way as sanguines (drawings in red) and grisailles (in gray). Sepia-processed photographs are very popular - they create the illusion of antiquity.

Gray - the color of a dove, after just blue.

Silk - blue, cornflower blue.

Blue-scarlet - dark purple.

Blue is a church word meaning "all blue".

Blue - with a blue tint.

Scarlet - bright red, from English. scarlet.

Dark - a brown shade of gray, dirty gray.

Nightingale - gray. The nightingale is named after this color.

Solferino - bright red. Named after the battle of Solferino in the Austro-Italian-French wars in 1859. Another version says that solferino is a dark purple paint with a blue tint.

The purple family of colors came into fashion and interior design only in the second half of the 19th century, when aniline dyes were invented. The first aniline was a color close to fuchsia, then other varieties appeared. Violet hues look good in a city apartment: they are calm, sophisticated and indicate that the hostess is "still that little thing."

Somo - pinkish yellow. Found in War and Peace.

Saumon is the French name for salmon. Salmon color was popular at the end of the 19th century and extremely popular in the 50s of the 20th century. However, at that time, a vigorous pink (English pink - pink), introduced into fashion by Elsa Schiaparelli, Chanel's eternal rival, successfully competed with him. The 20th century turned out to be a fan of pink in general. Although it is very difficult to work with somon in the interior. David Hicks named this color among the five most disharmonious shades.

Old rose - dirty pink, desaturated color.

Strizovy - bright red.

Surprise of the Dauphin, he is also "the color of children's surprise." According to legend, in Paris they began to dye fabrics in the color of trimmed diapers after Marie Antoinette showed the courtiers her just-born two-hour-old son, who “disgraced” in front of them.

Tango - orange with a brown tint.

Tausinny - blue, from the word "peacock". Blueish purple. According to Dahl - dark blue, according to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language - dark blue with a cherry tint. There are options tagashin, tagash.

Terracotta - brown shade of red brick, rust.

Turnbull blue - the same as Prussian blue, but obtained in a different way. The name comes from the Scottish firm Arthur and Turnbull.

Tourmaline - dark crimson, the color of the semi-precious stone tourmaline.

Umbra is an artistic term. This is an old brown paint known since the time of the ancient Romans. It was mined in the Italian province of Umbria. The paint is actively used in all types of painting; when burnt, it has a red-brown tint.

Fernambuc - yellow-red, a paint extracted from the wood of fernambuco.

Pistachio - dirty green.

French greens - see Yar-verdigris.

French gray - originates from paintings in gray tones (grisailles) and panoramic wallpapers by Jean Zuber (early 19th century), traced with gray paint. The French have a special love for gray: they often choose this color for walls, build houses of gray stone. Maximilian Voloshin at one time quite rightly called Paris a "gray rose". But what distinguishes French gray from just gray, none of the paint manufacturers can say.

Milling cutter, cutter - the color of crushed strawberries, light crimson. According to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language - pink with a lilac tint. From the French fraise, strawberry.

Fuchsia - rich pink.

Zinc - the color of zinc, bluish white.

Worm - a mixture of crimson and blue, bright crimson.

Chermnoy - sparkling red.

Chesuchovy - the color of flaky, yellowish-sand silk fabric.

Champagne - transparent yellow, the color of champagne.

Shamoub - light reddish-brown, from the French. chamoi, camel.

Shanzhan - color with iridescent shades

Scarlet - bright red, from the name of the paint.

Chartreuse - yellow-green.

Schmalt - blue, from the name of the paint, which was made from crushed blue glass (smalt).

Ecru - ivory or unbleached linen, grayish white.

An elegant family of light beige and whitish shades with French names all over.

Champagne (champagne color), cream (creamy color), ecru (unbleached linen color) - these are the shades that professionals use if they need to decorate rooms where there is little sun or introduce a large number of light surfaces. Just whitewash is not an option. Paint manufacturers have long developed the finest gradations of shades: white for the ceiling, white for the walls, white warm, white cold. A cream-colored ceiling is the right solution, especially if you made bright walls.

Electrician - aquamarine, blue, blue with a gray tint.

Electron - bright blue with green.

Yubagry (black) - crimson, light crimson; light blue.

Yuftevy - yellowish-light brown. The color of yuft was widespread in the first quarter of the 19th century.

Yar-verdigris - the artists have a more courtly name "French greens" (vert-de-gris). If you want to know what it's like, check out the old copper roofs. An unreal green-blue color is obtained by oxidizing copper, so the paint is terribly poisonous and even seems to be responsible for the death of Napoleon Bonaparte. It is known that in his bedroom there was wallpaper with a pattern made with such a paint containing a large proportion of arsenic. In France, verdigris verdigris was obtained from grape pomace, it turned very black in the light, and many canvases of the 16th-17th centuries turned black precisely for this reason. Now this color can be achieved without any arsenic. There are even amateurs who specially paint brand new roofs with this paint - so that it looks like old copper ones!

Yakhontovy - red, purple or dark blue.

Red, green and blue serve as the basis for many other colors. The palette is so diverse that the names of colors and shades are collected in catalogs. But even such a systematization does not allow to fully convey all the beauty. Very often people define and name the same habitual shade in different ways. What can we say about rare shades. Today we will try to understand these names and the general rules for the formation of a palette and shades of colors.

Colors with unusual names

The names of many colors and shades are often arbitrary, subjective. They can be very different in neighboring cultures. At the same time, different spectral composition can be equally perceived by visual receptors. Scientifically, this is called the color metamerism effect.

The desire of a person to give a name to any process, phenomenon, action or object has led to the fact that many shades have their own names. They can be unusual and very rare in use.

Adelaide is not only a beautiful female name with French roots. This color was used in their writings by Dostoevsky and Turgenev (the work "Office"). Today, Adelaide is called a red shade of lilac or blue, close to purple.

Purple with a red tint is a shade of hellfire. Also referred to as hellfire or the color of hellfire. Sometimes depicted as pearl red or red and black.

"The color of the thigh of a nymph" sounds playful. This is the name given to pale pink. A direct association leads to the ancient image of nymphs and the invented goddess of the dawn, Aurora. There is a version that the name arose at the beginning of the 19th century when a new variety of roses appeared.

The "color of the market fire" does not have a well-defined hue. Described by people with a good imagination as fiery red with a grayish (yellow-blue) admixture. Its name arose at the end of the 19th century as a memory of a tragic event - a fire in Paris at a charity bazaar. Then, during the tragedy, many people died.

Lingonberry for a long time in Russian denoted the color of a lingonberry leaf - green. Today it is considered a shade of red. Ripe cranberries are deep pink or light red. Interestingly, it was this color that was taken in the description of the banner of Ivan the Terrible.

Optimism and tragedy merged in the popular shade of the 18th century - "black widow". For some unknown reason, one of the semitones of pink was called that.

Blonde is associated with blondes and the color of their hair. The name comes from French, translated as fair-haired, golden, reddish, blond. It was all these shades that blond absorbed. Light, with a yellowish-golden tint - this is a more accurate verbal description of this color. Until the 19th century, the word had a different designation: special laces were called blondes. These laces were made from golden raw silk. Later it was allowed to add white or black to the thread.

The "color of the belly of the giraffe" really resembles the color of the animal's coat in this particular area. It is defined as a combination of two shades: reddish yellow with light brown. Additional names are "giraffe in love" and "giraffes in exile." The history of its appearance begins in 1827. A new guest has appeared in the local Botanical Garden - a female giraffe. She was sent as a gift by the Viceroy of Egypt.

From the French word for "straw", came a pale yellow hue called Fawn. It is sometimes described as a dull yellow or rosy-beige, with a lot of yellow in it. Dahl identified it as straw. A horse with wool of this color will be called a nightingale or isabella, a dog - sexual, a dove - clay.

"Widow" acts as a synonym for indigo. It is verbally described as dark blue or blue. Today it is used very rarely due to the popularization of "indigo", which is extracted from plant materials. The basis is the juice of a tropical plant of the legume family. Defined as dark blue.

Modern harlequin denotes scattered color spots on the surface. It was originally used to determine the variegation and variegation. At the beginning of the 19th century, a fabric that was very fashionable at that time, consisting of multi-colored triangles, was described in this way. Sometimes the color of opal was called harlequin because of the play of light on the sun's rays with all the colors of the rainbow. Today, it is most commonly used to describe the color of an animal that has spots on its coat scattered throughout its body.

Havana cigars differed not only in their composition, but also in color. Therefore, this product began to be called havana due to its color design. Or havana brown. Havana is designated as dark brown, with a hint of chocolate. Another version of the shade, denoted by the same name, is a little lighter, similar to a mixture of chestnut and lilac.

Professional use of colors

Reference books containing the names of more than a thousand colors and shades have been published on the Internet. Simple online programs allow the user of the service to independently set the color according to certain parameters. The name is determined automatically. Such catalogs are in demand by people of different professions and are actively used by them.

In the modern world, selling things has become an art with fine lines, serious research and psychological tricks. Work on the visual perception of the product is defined as the most important criterion for the successful sale of products. 93% of buyers are guided by the appearance of the packaging if they purchase a product for the first time. 85% of people take from the shelves those packages whose color matches the product and they personally like.

Studies have shown that color solutions are not universal. That is, the same shade causes a different associative array in different peoples. In particular, the following color characteristics are true for North Americans:

• yellow - youth, optimism. Optimal use: the color of shop windows, to attract attention;
• red is energy. It is used for total sales;
• blue - trust, security. In this region, banks and large offices are painted with it;
• green is a relaxing color. Associations with wealth make it in demand in business;
• black - glossy, powerful. Optimal use: promotion of luxury goods;
• orange - aggression. Useful as a call to action;
• pink - romance, femininity. Used as a way to attract clients;
• purple - peace, tranquility. The use of purple is justified in the industry of anti-aging beauty products.

The unique ability of color to change the behavior of buyers is also used in the design of electronic resources. Very convenient for web designers are automatic tables "Names of colors and shades", which allow you to generate HTML code.

The definition of color in this profession is more important than anywhere else. The fact is that the same shade can be displayed differently on the monitor. The lack of gamma correction leads to the fact that, for example, all dark shades are perceived as black.

Teaching children about colors

Based on associations and studies on the impact of color on brain and motor activity, psychologists give their recommendations for children's rooms. The room where the child plays or sleeps should not be painted in bright colors. Red and juicy orange stimulate activity. The child is naturally active, so an additional stimulus is not needed in this case. Dark colors (blue, green, purple) can be overpowering. Therefore, their use is also not recommended.

The color of the children's room should be associated with an ideal childhood. For example, it can be peach, soft light green, muted yellow. Bright accents will be added automatically. Children often draw - their creativity will certainly decorate the room.

Designers, learning the basics of the profession, get acquainted with the theory of color. At the same time, it is always mentioned in the learning process that the shade belongs to the subjective category. Color theory as a whole science allows us to explain some of the connections in the "perception-emotion" chain.

It is important for a successful designer to learn how to combine colors from different (non-adjacent) groups to create their own designs. Cold and warm shades - that's where the difficult, but the most successful creative solution. However, the right combination of shades is a matter of both taste and experience.

Psychologists say

The study of various groups of professions led scientists to unusual results. It turned out that representatives of the exact sciences prefer green. The combination of green and blue colors is typical for inventors. The sphere of interests of such people lies in engineering and design activities. Green color is chosen by accountants, military, economists.

Blue is not a characteristic color of any profession. A connection has been found between love for blue and such personality traits as concentration, thoughtfulness, and accuracy. "Blue" people do not like to make decisions on their own, they are afraid of responsibility. At the same time, they are good performers. The best option for working is an office where the number of external contacts is minimized. Together with high intelligence, love for this color is characteristic of art historians, writers, and scientists.

Sympathy for the color red is also uncharacteristic of any particular professional group. The preference for this color means the desire for leadership and purposefulness. Many high-ranking managers, social activists, administrators, although they do not wear red suits, love this color. Creative independence is defined as a love for the combination of red and purple.

The love of communication and involvement in social networks are typical for people who prefer yellow. Color describes the freedom to which politicians, scientists, businessmen are drawn in their daily activities. The predominance of an artistic mindset and imagery in perception are the characteristics of people who prefer yellow.

Each name of color and color shade has its own history, often they are associated by association with a natural phenomenon, animal, plant or stone. But what color, excuse me, is the cute name “empress vomit”? And the Dauphin's Surprise? Or what colors are hidden under the names "spider plotting a crime," "merry widow," "cardinal on the straw," "Jaco's last breath," "Edward's children"? And what is the difference between "London mud" and "Paris mud"?

Read about it here - it's fun!

Aventurine- purple, dark red.

Aurora- oyster pink.

Adelaide- red shade of lilac. According to other sources, dark blue. In the 40-50s of the XIX century. used in the press: found in Turgenev (“the color of adelaide, or, as we say, odelloid”) and Dostoevsky (“So this tie is adelaidine color? - Adelaidina, s. - Is there no color agrafenin?”).

Adrianople- bright red, from the name of the paint, which was made from madder.

Hellfire, hellfire- lilac shade of red. Or pearl red. Or black with red stripes.

alabaster- pale yellow with a matte finish.

Alizarin- color of red alizarin ink.

Almandine- dark cherry.

Acajou- the color of "mahogany", from the French. acajou.

amaranth- a color close to purple, violet. From the name of the plant "amaranth" - beauty, velvet, velvet, cockscomb (shirets - red grass). Or the color of rosewood wood, lilac pink, light purple.

Amiantovy- color of amianth (asbestos varieties): whitish, off-white. Most often - about the color of the sky.

Apollo- bright gold.

Baghdad- pinkish, the color of brick dust.

Cormorant (cormorant)- from "bakan" - crimson paint, extracted from a worm; fake, from madder, etc.

gaff- deep red with a bluish tint.

Bazaar fire i - the definition of shade is almost impossible due to the complexity of the associations that arise in connection with this name: fiery red with an admixture of yellowish blue or gray. The name originated at the end of the 19th century. - in memory of the terrible fire at the charity bazaar in Paris in May 1897, when a considerable number of people died in fire and smoke.

Barkansky- one of the shades of red (from barkan ‘dense, durable woolen fabric, patterned and dyed, used for furniture upholstery instead of expensive silk damask)

Bystrovy- thick brown, brown (from bistres - transparent brown paint from wood soot mixed with water-soluble vegetable glue).

Thighs of a frightened nymph- a shade of pink. Perhaps it arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of a new variety of roses. (There is also nymph thigh color. It is pale pink, the nymph is calm.) According to other sources, it was pink with an admixture of ocher. Under Emperor Paul, the lining of military uniforms was painted with this color. But since the fabric for officers and soldiers was of different quality, the officer's shade was called "the thigh of a frightened nymph", and the soldier's - "thigh of a frightened Mashka."

Beryl- by the name of beryl, a transparent greenish-blue stone.

Biscuit- delicate grayish green.

Biskr- yellowish leather colors for upholstery of upholstered furniture.

Bismarck furioso- brown with a red tint.

Bisnoy- gray, silver.

Bystrovy- bistre color, thick brown, brown.

Blange, or planche(from French blanc - white), - a creamy shade of white. Dahl has a solid, flesh color.

Bleu Raymond- a shade of blue (from the French bleu "blue" + the name Raymond).

blocky- blue-blue. In Ukrainian, "blakitny" means blue.

blond- the same as blond (fair-haired, blond).

Bolkaty- black, dark.

Bordeaux wine- red-violet.

"Beard of Abdel-Kader", or "beard of Abdel-Kerim"- white material with a black tint and a gray tint.

bristol blue- bright blue.

lingonberry- once meant green (according to the color of the lingonberry leaf).

Beamed, beamed- red, crimson, lingonberry color.

Bransoliter- a shade of brown.

Bulany- gray-beige.

Stormy- the same as brown.

Busy- dark blue-gray or gray-blue.

Vidovy- blue. Woad was used instead of indigo.

The Merry Widow- a shade of pink.

Verdepeshevy- a yellow or pink shade of green (similar to a green peach).

Verdepomovy- light green, the color of unripe apples.

Verdigri- green-gray, from the French. vert-de-gris.

Vermillion- bright red, the color of scarlet cinnabar, from the French. vermillion.

Wine- yellowish red.

Toad in love- greenish grey.

waxed- the color of the wax, from yellow-gray to amber-yellow.

Havana- gray with a hint of brown or vice versa.

Haiti either pink or bright blue.

Clove- grey.

heliotrope Heliotrope-colored, dark green with spots of red or yellow. Or like a heliotrope flower, grayish purple.

hyacinth- the color of hyacinth (stone), red or golden-orange.

Negro head- Since the 18th century, people from Africa have often met on the streets of Moscow or St. Petersburg, so one of the brown shades got its name.

pigeon neck- a shade of grey.

pea- gray or dirty yellow.

Hydrangea- light pink.

Grid-pearly- a pearl shade of grey.

glyafny- red, the color of ripe rose hips. but there was also a definition of this color as “pink”.

Goose droppings (merdua)- yellow-green with a brown tint.

two-faced- with a flow, as if two colors on one side.

Devonshire brown- light yellow

Edward's children- a shade of pink. (Children of Edward IV who died in the Tower?)

jalo santo- yellow, obtained from unripe berries of buckthorn or joster.

wild, wild– light grey.

dragon green- very dark green.

drokovy- yellow, the color of paint from the gorse flower.

Smoky- an obsolete form of the word "smoky".

Egyptian brown- nutmeg color.

Gendarme- a shade of blue. The word appeared at the end of the nineteenth century. thanks to the color of the gendarme uniform.

Hot- orange, deep orange.

Iron- about the same as the current "steel".

Burnt coffee

toasted bread- a complex shade of brown.

Zhirazol- milky with an iridescent tint, girazole is the old name for a noble opal.

giraffe- yellow-brown.

Zhonkilevy- the color of daffodil.

Zekry- dark, light blue, gray.

Incarnate- the color of raw beef, from lat. carneus, meat.

Frightened mouse- soft gray color.

Judas tree- bright pink (The Judas tree, or crimson, flowers are bright pink).

cocoa shua- the color of hot chocolate.

camelopard- yellowish brown.

Cardinal on straw- a combination of yellow and red (this is how the French aristocracy protested about the imprisonment of Cardinal de Rogan in the Bastille in connection with the famous case of the "queen's necklace").

carmine, carmine- rich red, from the French. cramoisi, the color of the old fine cloth crimson.

carmine, carmine- a shade of bright red.

Carmelite, capuchin- a pure shade of brown.

castor- dark gray, the color of castor, woolen cloth.

saucepan- reddish-red, the color of polished copper utensils.

Boiled, boiled white- snow-white, the color of boiling - white foam formed when water boils.

Cleopatra- purple.

columbine- gray, from the French. colombin, "dove".

Congo- Polished copper gold.

cinnamon- the same as brown.

royal blue- tracing paper from English. royal blue, bright blue.

cochineal- bright red, slightly crimson.

speckled, speckled- bright red, from him. Krapplack, the color of krapplak dye obtained from madder root.

Kumachovy- the color of kumach, a bright red cotton fabric.

Vitriolic- piercing blue, the color of a solution of copper sulfate.

Vat- blue, deep blue, from the name of the cube plant (it is also indigo).

partridge eyes- light red.

Labrador- colors of labrador, feldspar with a beautiful blue tint.

Lavalier- yellowish light brown. It came into fashion, unlike yuft, only in the middle of the 19th century.

Lani(from the name of the animal) - yellowish brown.

Forest chestnuts

Lily- pale white, the color of a white lily.

London smoke a is dark grey.

London dirt- dark brown.

Lord Byron- dark brown with a reddish tint.

Elk- off-white, the color of leggings.

Frogs in a swoon- light grey-green.

Magovo-gulyafny- red-pink.

Magenta- bright red, between red and purple. Judging by the fact that one of the flowers was named in honor of the battle of Solferino in 1859 (see below), and another battle took place near the city of Magenta at the same time, this name may have arisen at the same time.

Chafer- a red-brown color with a golden tint.

Marengo- Gray with black accents. The name appeared after the Battle of Marengo in 1800. According to some sources, Napoleon's trousers were of this color, according to others, handmade fabrics of local production were mainly dark gray.

marengo-clair- light grey.

Marina, marina- the color of a light sea wave, from the French. marine, marine.

Maria Louise- blue, the color of calamine (bright blue mineral).

Marchioness Pompadour- a shade of pink. She took an active part in the work on the creation of Sevres porcelain. A rare pink color, obtained as a result of numerous experiments, is named after her - Rose Pompadour.

Massaca- dark red with a blue tint. It is found in "War and Peace", however, there he is "masaka": "The Countess should have been wearing a masaka velvet dress."

Bearish(aka bear's ear) - a dark chestnut shade of brown.

Mexican- steel blue.

Milori- dark blue, blue.

mov- mauve.

Mordor, mardor- red-brown color with a golden tint. The name comes from the French more dore, literally "gilded Moor". This color was especially fashionable in the 1st half of the 19th century.

Moscow fire- similar to the color of crushed lingonberries.

Muram, moire- grassy green.

Nakarat, Nakarat- a shade of red, "hot", scarlet. From the French naca-rat.

Navarino flame with smoke (or smoke with flames ) - a dark shade of gray, a fashionable color of cloth, which appeared after the victory of the Russians over the Turks in Navarino Bay in 1827. Mentioned in Dead Souls. According to one version, Chichikov asks to show the cloth "dark, olive or bottle-colored with a spark, approaching, so to speak, lingonberries", according to another - he wants to get the cloth "more sparkling, not for a bottle, but for lingonberries to get closer." And in the picture in the Moscow Telegraph, “a cloth tailcoat, the color of the Navarino smoke” is brown. The color with flames obviously denotes lighter shades.

Jade- rich golden yellow, like some teas.

Cloudy- colors of the cloud.

converted- crimson.

Orletsovy- red-cherry-pink, the color of an eagle.

Opal- milky white, matte white with yellow or blue.

Oreldursovy- dark brown with a reddish tint.

Aspen- green with a grayish tint.

ophitic- the color of ophit, greenish marble.

Peacock- bluish-lilac.

Pale yellow- a pinkish-beige shade of yellow, from the French. paille - "straw". According to Dahl, fawn - straw-colored, pale yellowish. White-yellowish, yellowish-white; yellow-whitish; about horses: nightingale and isabella; about dogs: sexual; about pigeons: clayey. Karamzin sang of pale cream.

Paris blue- bright blue.

Paris blue- light blue.

Parisian mud- Dirty brown. Appeared after the public got acquainted with the essays of Louis-Sebastian Mercier "Pictures of Paris".

parnassian rose- a shade of pink with a purple tint.

Spider plotting a crime- a dark shade of grey. According to other sources - black with redness.

Pelesy- dark, brown.

Pervanche- pale blue with a lilac tint.

Barley- pearl gray, from the French. perle, pearl, pearls.

orange- orange with pink.

Porphyry, porphyry- purple.

Jaco's last breath- yellow-red. Perhaps because before death, the eyes of a Jaco parrot turn yellow.

floating- light yellow. Dahl's is yellow-whitish, white-yellow, straw-colored.

Pragreen- blue-greenish.

primordial- the color of prasem, light green quartz.

prunel- a shade of black, got its name from the color of ripe mulberry berries; at first, the shade was associated with prunel fabric, which was once only black.

Puketovy- (from the spoiled "bouquet"), painted with flowers. From Ostrovsky: “Give me a piece of fabric for a dress and a French handkerchief.”

Crimson- bright, thick or dark scarlet (worm).

Pusovy- a brown, brown shade of red, the color of a crushed flea - from the French puce - "flea". The New Russian Dictionary describes it as just dark brown. ( There were also shades of "flea in a faint", "flea belly" and - they probably lie - the color of "flea in puerperal fever").

bird of paradise- straw.

range- the same as orange.

Frisky shepherdess- a shade of pink.

Empress vomiting- a shade of brown.

Redry- brown, red, reddish.

pink ash- pale gray color, shimmering in pink.

Savoyarsky- red-brown color with a golden tint.

Salmon- a shade of pink.

celadon- grayish green.

bluish- the color of a dove, then just blue.

silk- blue, cornflower blue.

blue-scarlet- dark purple.

Blue- a church word meaning "all blue."

blue- with a blue tint.

Scarlet- bright red, from English. scarlet.

Smury- a brown shade of gray, dirty gray.

Nightingale- grey. The nightingale is named after this color.

Solferino- bright red. Named after the Battle of Solferino in the Austro-Italian-French Wars in 1859.

Somo- pinkish yellow. Found in War and Peace.

old rose- dirty pink, desaturated color.

strizovy- bright red.

Dauphin's Surprise (aka - the color of children's surprise). According to legend, in Paris they began to dye fabrics in the color of trimmed diapers after Marie Antoinette showed the courtiers her just-born two-hour-old son, who “disgraced himself” in front of them.«.

Tango- orange with a brown tint.

taucine- blue, from the word "peacock". Blueish purple. According to Dahl - dark blue, according to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language - dark blue with a cherry tint. There are options tagashin, tagash.

Terracotta- brown shade of red brick, rust.

tourmaline- dark crimson, the color of semi-precious tourmaline stone.

Furnambuc- yellow-red, paint extracted from fernambuco wood.

pistachio- dirty green.

Florentine- yellow with a bronze tint.

Milling cutter- the color of crushed strawberries, light crimson. According to the New Dictionary of the Russian Language - pink with a lilac tint. From the French fraise, strawberry.

Fuchsia- Intense pink.

Zinc— color of zinc, bluish-white.

worm- a mixture of crimson and blue, bright crimson.

Chermnaya- sparkling red.

flaky- the color of chesuchi, yellowish-sand silk fabric.

Champagne- transparent yellow, the color of champagne.

Shamoub- light reddish-brown, from the French. chamoi, camel.

shanzhan- color with iridescent shades

Charlach- bright red, from the name of the paint.

Chartreuse- yellow-green.

Schmalt- blue, from the name of the paint, which was made from crushed blue glass (smalt).

ecru- ivory or unbleached linen, grayish white.

Electrician- the colors of the sea wave, blue, blue with a gray tint.

Electron- bright blue with greenery.

Esterhazy- silver grey.

Ubagry (Ubagry)- crimson, light crimson; light blue.

Yuftevy- yellowish light brown. The color of yuft was widespread in the first quarter of the 19th century.

Japanese rose- the color of crushed strawberries.

Yakhontovy- red, purple or dark blue.

from sites chexly.ru, breakbrain.ru