Development of finger motor skills in children. Modeling for the development of tactile sensations

Why develop fine motor skills in a child?

Fine motor skills- These are movements of the fingers and hands. The development of fine motor skills is directly related to the development of the child’s brain, including those of its centers that are responsible for speech. As the great teacher V.A. said. Sukhomlinsky, “the child’s mind is at his fingertips.”

When a child is born, the movements of his hands are chaotic, but a couple of months pass, and the child begins to consciously control them when he grabs and holds an object in his hands. This is a very important stage in a child’s development, since by stimulating the baby to manipulate objects, we help him develop the so-called ““. So, depending on how good The child has developed fine motor skills, depends on his intellectual development, as well as his speech. It has been proven that children with well-developed fine motor skills speak better, are able to think logically and express themselves, and have a good memory and vocabulary.

Games to develop fine motor skills

There are a huge number of games for developing fine motor skills. Let's divide them into several groups.

Finger games, finger gymnastics

Finger games- these are special exercises for the fingers and hands, which are usually accompanied by rhymes, songs or performed to rhythmic music.

What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?

1. Performing exercises and rhythmic movements with the fingers inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.

2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach them to listen attentively and understand the meaning of speech, and increase the child’s speech activity.

3. Children learn to concentrate their attention and distribute it correctly,

4. If the child performs the exercises correctly, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become clearer, rhythmic, bright, and control over the movements performed will increase.

5. The child’s memory develops, as he learns to remember certain hand positions and sequences of movements.

6. Children develop imagination and fantasy. Having mastered all the exercises, he will be able to “tell” entire stories with his hands.

7. As a result of mastering all the exercises, the hands and fingers acquire strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will make it easier to master the skill of writing in the future.

20 games to develop fine motor skills

"Funny Glove": sew shaped buttons in the form of various objects to a child’s glove, and invite the child to play with the characters in this glove, say hello to them, or go on a trip.

"Buttons on a Hook": Invite your child to collect buttons in a container with one hand using a crochet hook. Make sure he doesn't help himself with his other hand!

"Sea Pebbles": you will need pictures depicting silhouettes of objects and pebbles for decorating the aquarium. Invite your child to lay out the outline of the object with “sea pebbles”. You can arrange a competition to see who can lay out the pattern more accurately and quickly.

"Stringing beads": the child strings beads, buttons, and bottle caps onto laces and ropes of various sizes.

“Winders”: the child winds laces or braid onto sewing spools, although other objects, such as pencils, can be used for these purposes.

"The knot will be tied": We invite the baby to tie a knot on a lace, braid or ribbon. and then walk on them with your fingers and “step over” obstacles.

"Adventure Board": you will need a wooden board with various locks, switches, and latches attached to it. Invite your child to go on a journey and overcome all the difficulties that come along the way. To do this, you need to open or click objects located on the board.

"Porridge Cartoons": pour semolina onto a plate, and let the child draw different patterns and objects, characters from his favorite cartoons on it.

"Bean Hide and Seek": fill a plastic container with beans and bury objects of different textures there, and the child must find them.

"Teddy Bear": invite the child to roll pine cones, acorns, and chestnuts in his hands. You can play sorting by asking your baby to treat Mishka first with pine cones, then acorns, then chestnuts.

"Magic clothespins": take clothespins and invite your child to decorate the Christmas tree, put needles on the hedgehog, and make rays for the sun.

"Happy Worm": This is a lacing game that has many variations. You can buy special laces that are sold in educational toy stores, or you can, for example, take sink grates, cut them in half and thread the lace through the holes in the grates, simultaneously inventing a fairy tale about what happened to the worm.

"Trails for the fingers": you will need potholders with tracks made of different materials: braid, buttons, sequins. The child needs to move different fingers from object to object. It’s good to recite some kind of rhyme while your fingers “walk” along the paths.

"Twirlers-twirlers": Attach baby juice cups to the board and let your child open and close the lids.

"Enchanted Water": make shaped ice and ask the child to “disenchant” the water.

“Cinderella”: pour peas, rice and buckwheat into a plastic container so that the cereals are mixed. Invite your child to race to collect the cereal.

"Spinning and spinning": Invite your child to spin the top. You can play for speed: who can spin the longest.

“Elastic bands”: you will need a wooden board with buttons stuffed on it and rubber bands: for hair or stationery. The child must pull the rubber bands on the buttons. You can make various patterns and paths.

"Massage balls": you will need balls from different materials, elastic bands with buttons (sew an elastic band in the form of a ring, and then decorate it with a baby button), massage wire rings. Invite your child to examine the balls, roll them in his palms, between his fingers, “put on a bracelet” - roll the ball on his wrist, put on and remove a wire ring on each finger, put elastic bands on two fingers of one hand and try to move and move the fingers apart.

“On a visit to the water”: invite the child to collect water with a pipette from a small container and pour it into another.

How to develop fine motor skills at home

In order to develop fine motor skills in a child, it is not at all necessary to buy expensive manuals and newfangled educational toys - you can simply do household chores with your child! True, you shouldn’t expect your child to do something around the house with you that he will immediately do it periodically and with pleasure, and you shouldn’t expect any special results either. You just have to play and enjoy it.

Here is an approximate (by no means complete!) list of things to do that will help develop fine motor skills in everyday life:

1. Remove the skin from vegetables cooked in their skins. Peel hard-boiled eggs. Peel tangerines.

2. Separate split walnuts (kernels from shells). Peel pistachios. Peel the film off the roasted nuts.

3. Collect debris from the floor. Help collect objects scattered on the floor (buttons, carnations, beans, beads).

4. Make cookies from the dough. Make decorations for the cake from the marzipan mass.

5. Open the mailbox with a key.

6. Try to put on your shoes and dress yourself. And also take off your shoes and undress. To do this, some shoes and clothes should be available to the child so that he can dress up whenever he wants. Learn to put on gloves yourself. Try lacing your sneakers.

7. Help wind threads or rope into a ball (It’s better to remain silent about who unwound them :)

8. Clean shoes for the whole family with a special sponge.

You will be surprised, but it is very easy to develop fine motor skills in a child. I present to your attention 5 simple steps to “awaken” your baby’s hands and fingers.

Step 1. Massage and self-massage of hands with and without objects

When the baby is still very small, the mother can do a simple hand massage. Massage your palm and fingers with light movements, stopping at each phalanx. Bend and straighten your fingers, press your palms together. It is very useful from an early age to run your hands over surfaces with different textures and temperatures (let them hold something soft, smooth, cold, warm). Any sensations received through touch awaken the area of ​​the brain responsible for mental and speech development.

When the child grows up, you can invite him to massage his palms himself, repeating after you. Also, children who have mastered grasping will find it interesting to roll a massage ball, a hedgehog toy, or a pencil in their hands.

Step 2. Finger games or finger gymnastics

There are a lot of interesting ones being released now where you can find great games for your fingers. Children of all ages love and always respond with pleasure to exercises in which mother recites a poem and shows interesting movements with her hands and fingers.

With age, finger games can be complicated and include some interesting plot. For example, role-play a fairy tale where the main characters are fingers. And if you also draw funny faces on them and turn them into real characters, the performance will definitely go off with a bang! Before bedtime, you can show a shadow theater, making silhouettes of birds and animals with your child’s hands.

In general, the options for finger games are endless.

Step 3. Games with objects and materials

Store-bought toys, natural materials (cones, acorns, chestnuts), and household items (pots, spoons, cereals, water) can also be used as objects for the development of fine motor skills.

It is worthwhile to dwell separately on the purchased toys. Many mothers strive to fully provide their baby with newfangled educational toys, developed using special systems and methods. The desire to develop your child is commendable, but it should be remembered that ordinary natural materials, simple cubes, construction sets, mosaics and other toys “from our childhood” develop fine motor skills no worse, and sometimes even better, than expensive analogues.

You should also take into account the child’s natural curiosity. The baby sees his mother wielding a ladle, cooking something in a pan, or picking up the TV remote control, a book, or pressing some buttons on the phone. At the same time, for some reason, mom is not interested in a bright toy bought specifically for the development of fine motor skills. It is clear that the child will be more interested in the activities that the mother is engaged in. As a result, kids are drawn not to toys, but to everyday items. Introduce the little explorer to the “adult” things around him and let him play under your supervision.

You'll be surprised how many games you can come up with with what you have on hand. For example, kids are happy to look for small toys hidden in cereals, catch objects from a bowl of water, sort through their mother’s jewelry, and play with sand, clothespins, and brushes. An older child can be asked to lay out the outline of the drawing using matches or paper clips. Household items open up a huge scope for children's games.

Think about it, our grandmothers and great-grandmothers did not have special toys for the development of fine motor skills, but the kids’ hands were developed just fine. Why? Because the child grew up “next to an adult.” What the adult does is given to the baby (naturally, in a smaller and safer form).

Any interesting activity that involves the baby’s hands perfectly develops fine motor skills. Therefore, encourage your child’s natural curiosity and fill the environment with a variety of objects (both special toys and household devices).

Step 4. Games for training everyday skills and abilities

Holding a spoon, buttoning clothes, tying shoes, doing simple housework - these seem like ordinary actions, but they give a tremendous boost to the development of fine motor skills. You can buy special devices to train self-care skills, but it is better to master such actions at home.

In order to arouse your child’s interest in acquiring these skills, you can come up with a game or do actions based on certain nursery rhymes. For example, put on gloves and recite a poem about fingers and so on.

When it comes to housework, children love to imitate adults. Already one-year-old babies can run a cloth across the floor, as if they were washing the floors, and imitate other household activities. Encourage such “help” in every possible way. This develops not only fine motor skills, but also responsiveness and independence.

Step 5. Children's creativity

Modeling, drawing, applique and other types of creativity, where the child comes into contact with various materials with his hands, develop fine motor skills.

Creative crafts made together develop fine motor skills, mental abilities, speech, and create an atmosphere of love and emotional contact between the child and mother.

Have fun with your children and encourage their curiosity!

Alena Volkova, your speech development consultant

Speech pathologist-defectologist, teacher, twice mother, author of the system "Through the development of speech - to the harmonious development of the child", author and director of the project "Child's Speech" and the online club for speech development "Boltay-ka", editor-in-chief of the magazine "Child's Speech", author of articles, webinars, trainings, books and collections on children's speech development.

choduraa khomushku
Development of fine motor skills in preschool children

Development of fine motor skills in preschool children

What is it fine motor skills?

Fine motor skills– ability to manipulate small objects, transfer objects from hand to hand, and perform tasks that require coordinated work of the eyes and hands. Fine motor skills associated with the nervous system, vision, attention, memory and perception of the child. Scientists have also proven that development of fine motor skills and development speeches are very closely related. And this can be explained very simply. The human brain has centers that are responsible for speech and finger movements. They are located very close. That's why, developing fine motor skills, we activate the zones responsible for the development of children's speech, increasing the child's performance, attention, mental activity, intellectual and creative activity.

Relevance.

At the initial stage of life it is fine motor skills reflect that, How child develops, testifies about his intellectual abilities. Children with bad developed manual motor skills They awkwardly hold a spoon or a pencil; they cannot fasten buttons or lace up their shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the construction set, work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. They refuse modeling and appliqué, which other children love, and cannot keep up with the kids in class.

Target: development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements preschool children through various activities; improving conditions for development of fine motor skills of the fingers, preschool children.

Tasks:

Form coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm;

- develop fine motor skills of fingers, hands;

Improve general motor activity;

Promote the normalization of speech function;

-develop imagination, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual and auditory perception, creative activity.

I bring to your attention games and exercises on development of fine motor skills which you can do at home.

Games with buttons

Development The development of fingers is promoted not only by finger gymnastics, but also by various actions with objects. Various types of jigsaw puzzles or button games, develop attention, perception.

Drawing on semolina, flour, buckwheat

You can draw using semolina, flour, or buckwheat. A picture created by a child from these bulk materials is a creative product, and develops sensory perception, fantasy and imagination.

Collecting cut-out pictures, puzzles, cubes

These games develop visual perception, spatial orientation, visual-motor coordination.

Applications

Using applications Not only fine motor skills are developed. When performing appliqués, the child will be able to compare figures large and small, wide and narrow, long and short, dark and light.

Games with clothespins

You can also play with clothespins for development in children creative imagination, logical thinking, color recognition, counting.

Rolling a pencil in your palms

Rolling a pencil in your palms helps stimulate biologically active points, toning the body as a whole.

Drawing and coloring with pencils

It is pencils, not paints or felt-tip pens, "force" the muscles of the hand tense, make efforts to leave a mark on the paper. The child must learn to regulate the pressure in order to draw a line of one thickness or another. In the process of drawing children develop not only ideas, creativity, the emotional attitude to reality deepens, but elementary graphic skills necessary for development of manual dexterity, mastering writing. By drawing, children learn how to properly handle graphic material and master various visual techniques, they small muscles of the arm develop. Must be taught children paint carefully, without going beyond the contours of the depicted objects, applying the desired color evenly.

During the lessons children develop fine motor skills fingers and imagination, they learn to coordinate hand movements and acquire new sensory experiences, learn to complete work. Classes contribute development emotional responsiveness, development of independence, perseverance, accuracy, hard work, the formation of skills in modeling.

Laces

Such games develop spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop creativity, promotes development of eye accuracy, sequences of actions.

Tasks and exercises aimed at development a lot, if you use your imagination and imagination, you can come up with them endlessly. The main thing here is to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, his age, mood, desire and possibilities. Our task is to support the child, provide assistance if necessary, and of course be patient and calm. After all, your fingers won’t become skillful right away. To interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, and do not forget to praise the child.

Systematic and systematic work on development of fine motor skills in children promotes the formation of speech, intellectual abilities, has a positive effect on speech development, and most importantly, helps maintain the child’s physical and mental health.

Publications on the topic:

Self-education report “Development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age” Period of work on the topic: 2015-16 academic year (first year) When it is expected to complete work on the topic: May 2017. Report format: creative.

Self-education plan “Development of fine motor skills in preschool children” Self-education plan “Development of fine motor skills in preschool children” Individual self-education plan Position: teacher.

Development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age Development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age The author of the work is teacher Beresneva L. I. Recently, modern parents.

Project “Development of fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age” Duration: long-term (September – March). Project participants: children of the senior, preparatory groups attending the speech center, teachers.

Development of fine motor skills in preschool children Development of fine motor skills in preschool children The famous teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky said: “The child’s mind is at the tips of his fingers.”

Introduction

In Russia, it has long been customary to teach children to play with their fingers from an early age. These were games such as “Ladushki”, “Magpie-white-sided”, etc. After washing the baby’s hands, they dried them with a towel, as if massaging each finger individually.

It has been proven that fine finger work promotes speech development in children. Therefore, it is very important to develop fine motor skills in a child from a very early age. But just doing exercises will be boring for your baby - you need to turn them into interesting and useful games.

Recently, on the packaging of children's games you can see the inscription: “For the development of fine motor skills of the hands.” Many parents have heard about this concept, but not everyone knows how to develop fine motor skills and why it needs to be done.

It is now known that at the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how your baby develops and indicate his intellectual abilities. His further development depends on how deftly a child learns to control his fingers at a very early age.

Under the term fine motor skills refers to the coordinated movements of the small muscles of the fingers and hands. They are important not only for performing various daily activities, but also for stimulating the development of children's brains.

Along with the development of fine motor skills, your baby's memory, attention, and vocabulary develop.

Periods of child development in preschool age

The famous Italian teacher Maria Montessori identified three periods of child development:

Development of children's speech (from 0 to 6 years). At this time, two important events occur. From 1 year to 2.5 years, a child’s vocabulary quickly expands. At 4-4.5 years old he masters writing (but only if fine motor skills are developed);

Perception of small objects (from 1.5 to 5.5 years). At this age, the child loves to play with buttons, beads, sticks, etc. With the help of such objects, you can develop the motor skills of the child’s hands. Just be sure to make sure your baby doesn’t put them in his mouth;

Formation of simple self-service skills (from 1 year to 4 years). At this age, the child is taught to dress, eat and perform hygiene procedures independently.

1. Exercises to develop fine motor skills are carried out in a complex, starting from the first months of a child’s life.

2. In the set of exercises, try to include tasks for squeezing, relaxing and stretching the baby’s hands.

3. Start or end your sessions with a hand massage session.

4. Carry out work on developing fine motor skills regularly, in accordance with the age and taking into account the level of physical development of the baby.

5. At first, the adult performs all movements with the baby’s hands, and as the child masters it, he begins to do them independently.

6. Carefully ensure that the child performs the exercises correctly. If your child finds it difficult to complete any task, immediately help him: fix the desired position of his fingers, etc.

7. Alternate between new and old games and exercises. After your child has mastered simple motor skills, move on to mastering more complex ones.

8. Perform certain movements simultaneously with listening (and then with the child pronouncing) the poem.

9. Encourage your child’s creative activity, let him come up with some exercises himself.

10. Conduct classes emotionally, actively, praise your child for his successes, but do not forget to monitor his mood and physical condition.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children from 0 to 2 years old

1. "Magpie-white-sided"

First, the adult runs his finger over the child’s palm and says: “The magpie is cooking porridge.” Then the baby himself begins to move his finger along his palm. Let’s complicate the game: in the phrase “I gave it to this one,” the adult alternately bends the child’s fingers to the palm, except for the little finger: “But I didn’t give it to this one.” Shaking it slightly, we say with a playful reproach: “You didn’t carry water...”, etc.

Magpie white-sided
Cooked porridge
She fed the children.
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
But she didn’t give it to this:
“You didn’t carry water,
I didn’t chop wood
I didn’t cook porridge
You have nothing."

2. “Ladushki-crackers”

Take the baby's hands in yours and clap them. Show your child the movements and ask them to repeat them.

Okay, okay,
Sounding crackers.
They clapped their hands,
They clapped a little.

3. “Okay”

Read the nursery rhyme and at the same time accompany the words with gestures

Okay, okay!

(Show your baby your palms.)

Where were you?
By Grandma.
What did you eat?
Porridge.
What did you drink?
Mash.

(Clap your hands.)

Butter porridge,
Sweet mash,
Grandma is kind.
We drank and ate!
Shu - let's fly!
They sat on the head.

(Raise your arms up, turning your palms left and right, then lower them “house” on your head.)

4. "House"

This is a house.

(Put both palms towards each other.)

This is the roof.

(Place your palms together and interlace your fingers.)

And the pipe is even higher.

(Lift all fingers up without releasing them.)

5. "Hide and Seek"

Fingers are playing hide and seek,
They are opening,

(Raise your palm and spread all your fingers.)

Closed.

(Place your fingers together and make a fist.)

6. "Bunnies"

Place all fingers of one hand on the table.

The bunnies came out to the meadow,
We stood in a small circle.
One bunny, two bunnies, three bunnies,
Four bunnies, five...

(Count the bunnies.)

Let's knock our paws.

(Tap all your fingers on the table together or discordantly.)

Knocked, knocked
And tired.
We sat down to rest.

(Fold your fingers into a fist.)

7. “Hello, finger”

Alternately touch your index, middle, ring and little fingers to your thumb.

Hello, dear finger,
So we met you.

8. “Strong fingers”

Bend your fingers and invite your baby to do the same. Then take his fingers and pull them each in a different direction.

Massage of palms and fingers for children from 0 to 2 years old

Finger massage is very useful for a small child. The fingers are closely connected with the brain and internal organs: the little finger is with the heart, the ring finger is with the liver, the middle finger is with the intestines and spine, the index finger is with the stomach, and the thumb is with the brain.

1. Take your baby's palm and thoroughly massage each finger, starting with the little finger. Perform massage movements from the nail phalanx to the palm, paying attention to each joint.

2. Massage the baby's fingertips, applying light pressure to them.

3. Massage your baby's palms with your index finger in a circular motion.

4. Take the child’s palm in your hand and, using light pressure from your thumb, make circular movements in the center of the palm.

5. Massage your fingers with a ring spiral massager. Place the massager on your baby's finger and use up-and-down movements to massage the fingers in the same sequence (starting with the little finger).

6. Take two massage brushes and run them over the child’s palms. His hands lie on his knees, palms up.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children over 2 years old

1. "Fisherman"

Pour water into a bowl and throw in several small objects: pieces of cork, twigs, large beads, etc. Invite your baby, using a small sieve tied to a stick, to catch all these objects in turn and put them on a plate on the tray on the right from the bowl. The baby should hold the “fishing rod” with one hand.

2. "Path"

Make a path 3-5 cm wide on the table, bounded on both sides by strips of paper. Invite your child to sprinkle it with semolina or millet. You need to pick up the cereal with three fingers and try not to spill it over the edges of the path.

3. “Magic Spoon”

Place two cups on the tray: on the left is a cup with cereal, and on the right is empty. Moving your child's hand, show him how to take the cereal with a spoon. Carefully bring the spoon to the empty cup and tip it over it. Task: pour all the cereal from the left cup to the right one.

4. “Sweet tea”

Your baby can already add sugar to his tea on his own. Now teach him to stir sugar in a mug.

5. "Salute"

The child takes small pieces of colored paper and tries to tear them as small as possible. He places the torn pieces on a saucer. Then you need to take all the pieces in your palms and throw them up.

6. “Make a lump”

Give your child a piece of paper. His task: to crumple the leaf so as to form a dense lump.

7. "Spyglass"

The child takes a sheet of A4 paper and rolls it into a tube with both hands, after which he brings the tube to his eye and examines surrounding objects through it.

8. “Collect the sticks”

Scatter the counting sticks in front of the child. The kid must collect them all one by one back into the box.

Massage of palms and fingers with a prickly massage ball

1. The ball is between the child’s palms, fingers pressed against each other. Make massage movements by rolling the ball back and forth.

2. The ball is between the child’s palms, fingers pressed against each other. Make circular movements, rolling the ball between your palms.

3. Hold the ball with your fingertips and make forward rotational movements (as if you were twisting a lid).

4. Holding the ball with your fingertips, press them firmly onto the ball (4-6 times).

5. Hold the ball with your fingertips and rotate backwards (as if you were opening a lid).

6. Throw the ball with both hands to a height of 20-30 cm and catch it.

7. Hold the ball between your palms, fingers clasped together, elbows pointing out to the sides. Press your palms onto the ball (4-6 times).

8. Transfer the ball from one palm to the other, gradually increasing the pace.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children 3 years old

1. "Labyrinth"

Draw a labyrinth on a piece of paper. Let the baby walk along it with a pencil or just a finger. To make it more interesting for the child to complete the task, you can come up with a short fairy tale: tell where this labyrinth leads, to whom, who should go through it.

2. "Beads"

Stringing buttons, beads, pasta, dryers, etc. on a fishing line or thread is good for developing a baby's hand. Start with objects that have a wider hole - this will make it easier for the baby to master this task at first.

3. “Walk the path”

Draw a simple path on a large checkered sheet of paper. Ask your child to trace it with his finger and a colored pencil. If the child copes with this task, draw a more difficult path.

4. "Figures"

From the age of 3, children can already be taught to cut out geometric shapes with scissors and glue them onto a sheet of paper. It is important that the scissors have rounded ends, that is, safe.

5. "Surprise"

Wrap the badge in 4-5 candy wrappers. Ask your child to unwrap all the candy wrappers and fold them neatly.

6. “Clothes pegs on the basket”

Place a basket of clothespins on the table. Take the clothespin with three fingers and attach it to the edge of the basket. Invite your child to do the same. Once your baby has mastered this, invite him to attach all the clothespins.

7. “Colorful clothespins”

There is a basket with colorful clothespins on the table. Ask your child to use three fingers to attach a white, red, blue, green... clothespin to the edge of the basket.

8. "Treat"

Invite your child to make treats for toys from plasticine (sushi, bagels, gingerbreads, cookies, candies) and decorate them with cereals, beads, etc. Cut out plates from thick cardboard and ask your child to beautifully arrange the prepared treats on them.

Finger games

A very important part of the development of fine motor skills are finger games, which activate the child’s brain, promote speech development and help prepare the hand for writing.

During these games, children develop dexterity, the ability to control their actions and concentrate attention on one type of activity.

By the age of 5, children have already learned to perform tasks that require sufficient accuracy and coordination of hand movements.

All the exercises offered here must be performed at a slow pace, from 3 to 5 times, first with one hand and then with the other. Make sure they are performed correctly. Do the exercises for a few minutes, 2-3 times a day.

1. "Kitten"

Clench and unclench the fingers of both hands.

You, kitten, are not food!
Better look for your mom.

2. "Squirrel"

Extend all fingers one by one, starting with the thumb. First perform the exercise with your right hand, and then with your left.

A squirrel sits on a cart
She sells nuts
To my little fox sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-fifted bear,
Bunny with a mustache.

3. “Scratch-scratch”

The child places his hand on top of yours. You read a poem, and the baby listens to you carefully. When you say “scratch-scratch,” he must pull back the handle so that his fingers do not fall into your “trap.” Then the other hand comes into play. After a while you can switch roles.

Along the palm, along the path
A little cat walks
In little paws
I hid the scratches.
If you suddenly want -
He will sharpen his claws.
Scratch-scratch!

4. “Funny Fingers”

Make a fist with your fingers. Unbend them one by one, starting with the largest one. Then rotate the brush left and right 5 times.

Thumb danced
Index - jumped,
Middle finger - squatted,
Nameless - everything was spinning,
And the little finger was having fun.

5. "Fan"

Keep your palms in front of you, fingers pressed (“fan closed”). Spread wide, and then press your fingers together (“open and close the fan”). Wave your brushes towards and away from you (“fan yourself”) 6-8 times.

6. "Peacock"

Connect all fingers of your left hand to your thumb. Place the palm of your right hand with open fingers on the back of your left hand (“peacock tail”). Connect and spread your fingers (“the peacock opens and closes its tail”).

At the cheerful peacock
A basket full of fruit.
The peacock is waiting for friends to visit,
In the meantime, the peacock is alone.

7. "Butterfly"

Make a fist with your fingers. Alternately straighten the little finger, ring and middle fingers, and connect the thumb and index into a ring. With straightened fingers, make quick movements (“the butterfly flaps its wings”) - first with one hand, then with the other.

8. “Get ready to exercise!”«

Bend your fingers towards your palm one by one, starting with the little finger. Then touch all the others with your thumb, as if lifting them up for exercise. After this, do exercises - clench and unclench your fist 5 times.

The fifth finger was fast asleep.
The fourth finger was just dozing.
The third finger fell asleep.
The second finger kept yawning.
The first finger rose vigorously,
Got everyone up for exercise.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children 3-4 years old

1. “Bumps on a plate”

Invite your child to roll pine, spruce and cedar cones around the plate. First let him roll one cone, then two, three, etc.

2. “Circle the object”

You can trace anything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc.

3. “Magic pattern”

Poke holes in the thick cardboard with an awl or nail - they should be located in a certain order and represent a geometric figure, design or pattern. Let the child embroider the design himself using a thick needle and bright thread.

4. “Sew on a button”

Show your child how to sew on a button. After this, let the baby do the same under your supervision.

5. “Colorful snowflakes”

Show your child how paper snowflakes are made. After your child manages to cut out a snowflake, ask him to color it. Let the child cut out a few more snowflakes and color them as well.

6. "Lace up your shoe"

Show your child how to lace a shoe in different ways. First, lace up the boot with it. Once your child has mastered the lacing technique, ask him to lace the shoe himself.

7. “Magic pipette”

Invite your child to play wizards. Paint several different colored spots on a piece of paper. Show your child how to use a pipette to drop just one drop. After that, let him drop a drop of water on each colored spot. Then watch with your child how the spot grows and turns into a pattern.

8. "The Little Pharmacist"

Tell your child about the work of a pharmacist. Then show him how to use tweezers to arrange and move the beads from place to place. You can use beads of different sizes in the game.

Massage of palms and fingers with natural materials

For children 4 years old, you can offer a massage using pine, spruce, cedar cones, walnuts, and hazelnuts.

1. "Twist the cone"

Take a pine cone and place it between your baby's palms. Ask your child to spin the pine cone (like a wheel) in different directions for about 2-3 minutes.

2. “Roll the bump”

First, the exercise is performed with one spruce cone, then with two. Rotate the pine cones between your palms for 1-3 minutes.

3. "Catch the bump"

Take any pine cone. Ask your child to throw it up with both hands, and then catch it with both hands. After the baby masters this exercise, you can complicate it: toss and catch the pine cone with one hand; throw a cone with your right hand and catch it with your left - and vice versa. The duration of the exercise is 2 minutes.

4. "Walnut"

Roll the nut over the palm of your right hand, then over the back of your left hand. The duration of the exercise is approximately 3 minutes.

5. “Pour in the nuts”

Place a handful of hazelnuts from one hand to the other. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

6. “Nuts on a tray”

Place a handful of hazelnuts on a tray. Roll the nuts with your palms and the backs of your hands. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

7. “Grains”

Here you can use a variety of grains: buckwheat, rice, millet, etc. And the exercises can also be very different: squeeze the grains in a fist, pour them from one hand to the other, mix in a deep bowl, etc. The duration of each exercise is 3 minutes.

8. “Tender Feather”

Run the pen over the surface of the palms and the back of the child's hands. The duration of the exercise is 3 minutes.

Working with plasticine

Here you will need several copies of the drawings given in this section. This will allow your baby to acquire the skill of carefully working with plasticine. His best works can be used as an exhibition.