home › Health › The fabric is similar to gauze as it is called. Thick fabric is the best protection from the cold

The fabric is similar to gauze as it is called. Thick fabric is the best protection from the cold

High-quality, fashionable and beautiful fabric is the key to the success of any sewing product. Fabric is created by weaving the warp and weft threads, located mutually perpendicular to each other, using a loom. Various types of fabrics are created thanks to the characteristics of the raw materials and weaving patterns, which determine its structure, appearance and properties. What types of fabrics are there and what are their characteristics, properties, weaves? This is what this article will discuss. We will present the types of fabrics in detailed descriptions and with photos so that you can navigate this topic.

Based on the type of raw material, all types of fabrics can be divided into three large groups: natural, artificial and synthetic. There is also spinous tissue of mineral origin, but it is used only in construction.

The first group includes fabrics made from fibers of plant and animal origin: cotton, flax, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metal threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silone; polyesters – tesil, slotra, diolene; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and cashmilon.

The textural features of various types of fabrics - shine, pile, “sandy surface” - largely depend on the type of weave.

Simple (smooth or warp) weaves of warp and weft threads are plain (taffeta), twill (kipper) and satin (satin). Special weaves have crepe and fine-grain fabrics (canvas). Checked and striped fabrics have a composite (combined) weave. Fabrics with complex patterns have jacquard weave threads. To create pile fabrics, weft weave (semi-velvet, corduroy) or base pile weave (velvet, plush) is used. In the production of fine-woven fabrics such as drapes and some types of silk, a two-layer weave is used, in which two separate fabrics are formed, connected to each other with special weft or warp threads.

According to the color scheme, types of fabrics can be divided into single-color and multi-color - melange, printed, multi-colored, mulled.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking in the variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork- fabric made of cotton, wool or silk yarn with a through pattern. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca- a light, soft, thin fabric made in plain or twill weave from the hair of the domestic animal of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora(Angora wool) - made from the wool of Angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, and Japan. Used in knitting production.

Atlas– plain-dyed fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, “atlas” means “smooth.” In Rus', atlas has been known since the 15th century: it was widely used to make clothing for the nobility - caftans, feryazis, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits are made from it. Satin is also used as lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: fabric: satin, alpaca, velvet, cambric, supplex, boucle, corduroy, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk- silk made from man-made fibers first obtained in 1925 by Celanese Corp. chemists. of America (USA).

Velvet- cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain-dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Stretch velvet has excellent stretch and fits well thanks to the elastic fibers in the fabric. Used to make leggings and sweaters.

Batiste- light and dense, soft to the touch, cotton or linen fabric with plain weave. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, and handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brocat- silk fabric with a smooth card pattern and with gold or silver threads (Lurex). The latest developments in this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brokat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston- plain dyed twill fabric made of high quality wool, which has increased wear resistance. Used to make costumes.

Boucle- a thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-shaped thickenings, due to which “bumps” are formed on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Calico- dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, made from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Corduroy cord- cotton fabric with cut pile, having pile stripes 3–5 mm wide. It comes plain painted and with a printed pattern.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devore, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy ribbed- cotton fabric with cut pile, having pile strips 1 mm wide. It comes plain painted and with a printed pattern.

Velours(from the French Velours - velvet) - the general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, artificial silk), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velvet is called corduroy and velvet.

Viscose- the name of artificial fiber made from cellulose and fabrics based on it. Viscose was first produced in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage when wet, low strength), but in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Veil- thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine- (from Spanish - “gabardina” - protection from the elements) - pure wool or half-wool fabric of twill weave, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric is highly wear-resistant and waterproof due to the density and uniformity of the surface. Used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas- transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave, in which the weft and warp threads retain space. Depending on the manufacturing features, the gas was produced as satin, linen or twill.

Worsted- one of the types of woolen fabric, named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure- lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made using bobbins and connected to each other. Today, guipure is produced by machine.

Denim(denim) - (from the French De Nim - from Nîmes) - cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nîmes, where it was first made. In the beginning it was used to make work clothes for gold miners, in our time - for everyday denim clothing.

Devore- fabric, the design on which is obtained by burning (chemical etching) of part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, lacquer, linen, organza, brocade (brocat), pique, plush fabrics.

Jersey- knitted fabric (single or double) machine knitted with a small loop pitch, having high elongation and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or artificial fibers. Wool jersey came into fashion.

Drape(from the French Drap - cloth) - soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of rolling, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weave. Draperies can be single- or double-faced, plain and multi-colored, piled and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere- woolen or wool blend fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the hair of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which the fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from whose wool this fabric is produced.

Crepe de Chine(French Crepe de Chine) - fabric made from silk threads produced from raw silk in the warp and crepe silk in the weft or fabric from artificial threads produced from a loosely twisted warp and weft with a high crepe twist (surface density - 130 g/ m2). Crepe de Chine has a matte surface.

Crepe georgette- a thin, translucent fabric made from crepe-twisted silk threads in the warp and weft of a plain weave. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, and flowing edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe satin- double-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front sides.

Crepe chiffon- fabric made from natural twisted threads of silk-crepe in the warp and weft of plain weave (surface density 25 g/m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all crepe fabrics.

Linen- fabric made from threads produced from flax stems. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdy(from the French Organdi - rigid fabric) - thin, transparent, stiff cotton fabric, native to Eastern India.

Organza- hard to the touch, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade- complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported to Russia from Turkey and Iran, and later from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique- cotton or silk fabric of complex weave of fibers, having a characteristic texture of the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. Used to make women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide(nylon) - synthetic fiber and fabric made from it, which has high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, reps, cloth, taffeta, tweed, fukra, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester- a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet- dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained through weft-pile weave.

Poplin- dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or wool threads. It has a small transverse rib due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is greater than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make elegant dresses.

Reps- dense fabric made of cotton, silk and wool threads, made from combed warp and weft yarn, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, once in the middle, form transverse ribs.

Twill- fabric made of silk or wool threads with twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and wool for outerwear.

Satin- fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and wool threads in satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Home and work clothes are made from cotton sateen. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Cloth- dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, obtained by interweaving medium-thick carded yarn in the warp and thick hardware yarn in the weft. During the finishing process, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed. The cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta- dense silk fabric, plain-dyed or variegated, with a ribbed texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Fabric weaves from left to right: plain, twill and satin weaves.

Tweed(English, tweed) - coarse woolen fabric with twill weave. Named after a river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile factories producing these fabrics.

Tactel- fabric made of fine fiber containing 100% cellulose has high wear resistance, wind resistance and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture and “breathes”.

Flannel- cotton or wool fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, with double-sided sparse brushing. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Men's and women's clothing is made from soft and warm wool flannel: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton- natural fiber, made from the cotton plant.

Shanzhan– natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect obtained thanks to multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot- a single-color sparse wool fabric of twill weave, which is felted and sheared. Used for making outerwear.

Silk- a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool– fabric made from natural fibers made from the wool of sheep, camels, and goats.

Chiffon- a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made from threads of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. Silk chiffon is considered the best - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Plaid- a term for fabric with a large check pattern.

Staple- soft fabric made of silky fiber based on cellulose with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in the summer range of clothing.

Various types of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for website

In order for a product to be made with impeccable quality, you need to select the ideal material for it. The purpose of the item and the figure of the person who will use it are taken into account, but first of all it is necessary to analyze all the properties of the fabrics - texture and other features.

What do you need to know?

It is known that hard, dense material does not stretch over time. It is not prone to wrinkles, but this material makes the figure wider. But a characteristic property of soft tissues is the ability to form smooth shapes. The material lays down easily and freely, but can stretch a lot over time. This is especially true for knitwear. It is believed that such fabrics are most suitable for rare occasions - to be worn on holidays. When used carefully, they are practically not deformed.

If a garment is made of elastic material, it quickly returns to its original state after being stretched. Such fabrics are optimal for working on sportswear items and swimwear. If a person has an ideal figure, he can afford an outfit made of just such material.

Fabric is more than just fibers

What properties of tissues are important for humans? It is customary to primarily remember the physical and chemical ones, but aesthetic ones are no less significant. First of all, this concerns colors. Fabric pattern is one of the key points that helps you choose the optimal material for making the intended item. In particular, small prints and plain fabrics are ideal for most body shapes; tailoring a product from them is quite simple. But fabrics decorated with large pictures pose a considerable problem for the designer and seamstress. Cutting requires large reserves of material, since the design will have to be adjusted. It is not recommended to choose such material for making wardrobe items for overweight people who are short in stature.

Certain work process problems are associated with such fabrics, the composition and properties of which determine the high hairiness of the surface. It is capable of scattering light rays. Observing the material in the direction of the pile, it seems that the color is not saturated enough, but as soon as you stroke the material “against the fur,” the shade immediately changes. To cut the product correctly, it is necessary to place all the parts in the same direction on the fabric, otherwise the finished result will be disappointing. Another difficulty is related to the flowability of matter. It’s quite difficult to work with this one, since the cuts crumble a lot at the edges. This is especially true for smooth materials - silk, satin.

The warmth has arrived!

Knowing the basic properties of fabrics, you can successfully select the material for clothing designed for a specific season. For example, in summer and spring it is preferable to wear products made from natural raw materials. The most popular cotton fabrics are made with the addition of viscose fibers and a certain percentage of synthetics. This keeps the fabric breathable and lightweight, but much easier to care for.

If you need to make a shirt, blouse, dress, you can use cotton linen material. It is also suitable for the production of bedding. Some weave materials include jacquard and linen, but there are also combined options. Studying the properties of fabrics requires paying attention to geometric characteristics, primarily width. Usually there are options on sale (in centimeters): 80, 90, 140, 160. Due to the inclusion of viscose and synthetic components at the production stage, such fabric does not shrink. It is easy to wash and does not wrinkle.

Fabrics and clothing

Perhaps the most popular fabric is cotton. Its properties fully justify such love from the public: the material is durable, feels pleasant, and is suitable for different seasons and types of clothing. Cotton is often used to make dresses, but more often they resort to a special type of dress material. They differ from each other not only in colors, but also in the methods of weaving fibers. In modern stores, the choice of such fabrics is truly huge.

The demand for shirt fabrics is quite high. The properties of such fabrics (poplin) are such that products made from them do not shrink. They are pleasant to the touch, so they are suitable to be worn directly on the skin, without an additional layer of protective fabric. For the production of shirting materials, mercerized cotton is usually used. In addition to the shirts themselves, you can safely sew a blouse and underwear from such material.

Both for training and for the evening

Knowing the properties of fabrics, you can make an impeccable sports suit. Choose fabrics that contain elastane and cotton. It is important that the fabric is durable, can withstand significant loads, and does not wear out. Another significant indicator is hygroscopicity. The most modern products are made from various porous fabrics that can wick moisture away from the skin. Such materials are certainly the best for sports products, but they are also quite expensive and require special care.

It is equally important to choose the right material for an evening or cocktail dress. Silk is most often used - natural or artificial. The properties of fibers, the properties of fabrics, natural silk sheets are impeccable - this material breathes, is resistant, does not stretch or deform, and looks great. The only problem is that it is very expensive, and it is often difficult to buy - there are many fakes on the market. Mostly octane, viscose, polyamide, and polyester are found on sale. Synthetic artificial material - does not wrinkle, does not shrink. Polyester is prone to the accumulation of static electricity, so it is necessary to constantly treat the finished product with an antistatic agent.

Beautiful and gentle

Knowing what properties fabrics from the chiffon category have, you can choose the ideal material for a light summer dress. Natural and synthetic fabrics are available for sale. Chiffon is translucent. There are single-color options on sale, as well as beautiful and original printed fabrics. The fabric is suitable for sewing dresses and blouses.

When considering the types and properties of fabrics, it is necessary to pay attention to corduroy. This is a group of fabrics for the manufacture of which viscose and cotton fibers are used. Elastane is often added to the composition to improve the physical properties of the material. A distinctive feature of corduroy is the presence of scars, the width of which varies from model to model. This material is used to make outerwear for people of all ages and genders.

Linen, taffeta and satin

As a rule, linen is a fabric made from natural fibers with a small admixture of synthetics. The properties of modern fabrics in this category are relatively good stretchability, not too strong a tendency to wrinkles. But completely natural linen wrinkles easily, and ironing it will not be easy, but this fabric practically does not fade and is very pleasant to the body. Linen fabrics are optimal for outerwear for people of any age. They absorb moisture well, are resistant to fading in the sun and conduct heat.

Determining the properties of fabrics is important at the stage of selecting materials for making clothes. For example, if you plan to make a skirt or blouse, you can give preference to high-quality taffeta. But for linings for dresses, the same taffeta is suitable, but of low quality. No less attractive is dense satin - a fabric with a characteristic shine, smooth, made from natural silk or synthetic fibers. This type is often chosen for the production of cocktail dresses and wedding dresses.

Crepes and delicate fabrics: properties of fabrics

The properties of fibers for crepes are determined by the natural origin of the raw materials, although this condition is not mandatory. Inexpensive varieties are mainly made from artificial silk fibers. Visually identifying crepe is quite simple - it has a grainy surface and the weave is quite dense. There is also crepe satin. This is a beautiful fabric, one side of which is matte and the other with shine. Typically, the material is used to make elegant wardrobe items due to its ability to drape.

The mechanical properties of brocade fabric make it possible to use this raw material for the production of dresses and suits. The name refers to a jacquard into which threads of golden or silver material with a pronounced shine are woven.

It is important!

It is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the fabric not only at the manufacturing stage of the product, but also when using it and caring for the item. For example, silk is negatively affected by ultraviolet radiation. The material weakens, strength drops greatly, and the product will not last long. But flax is the opposite. This material is not afraid of the summer sun, like other vicissitudes of the weather.

In order for your favorite wardrobe items to last as long as possible and not deteriorate visually and in quality, you need to study what they are made of and follow the rules for using these products.

Physical properties of fabric

Depending on what technology was used in production, the properties of fabrics change significantly, as well as their appearance. Considering the physical characteristics, they evaluate the ability to absorb moisture, conduct air, and steam. This includes dust capacity and the ability to accumulate static electricity. The fibrous composition determines the purpose of the material. Currently, in our country there are special rules and standards that regulate the requirements for materials and production technologies.

The property of fabrics, called hygroscopicity, is usually considered first in technological courses; it is one of the basic ones. This term describes how well a material can absorb moisture present in the environment around it. The most relevant parameter is for raw materials used for sewing linen and clothing for the hot season. Natural fibers are maximally hygroscopic - linen, silk, viscose.

It is important

When considering the properties of chemical fabrics, be sure to pay attention to poor hygroscopicity indicators. Acetate and synthetics practically do not absorb moisture. The reduction in this parameter is due to special treatment - solutions have been developed that reduce the ability to absorb moisture. A low level of hygroscopicity is characteristic of film-coated matter.

Let me breathe!

The ability to transmit steam and water are parameters that determine how well the material will absorb the liquid produced by the human body and release it into the environment. The most noticeable qualities are when using natural materials. In addition to cotton and linen, you should pay attention to silk.

Another important quality is the ability to pass air. The thinner the material, the lower its density, the greater the ability to breathe. The interlacing of such material is openwork, which determines the specific feature described. It is necessary to select fabrics with such parameters if you plan to sew a product for use in the hot season. Treatment with special compounds and application of coatings that create a continuous film greatly reduce the ability of the material to pass air.

Dust and heat

There is a special parameter that quantitatively reflects the ability of a material to accumulate dirt. It is called dust holding capacity. This feature depends on the composition of the fibers and the density of the weaving and the finishing used. Much is determined by what the front surface is. If the product is made of wool, it is loose and textured, dust and dirt will accumulate very quickly. Pile, backcomb, boucle - all these options get dirty almost instantly.

The fabric can retain not only dirt, but also heat. This parameter is most important for fabrics used in the manufacture of winter clothing. The already mentioned wool provides excellent warmth and minimizes heat loss. It will be difficult to retain body heat in linen clothing - it quickly releases energy to the environment. Thermal protective qualities increase if during the creation process the fiber was processed by napping and rolling. Products made from multilayer material have good heat resistance.

Electricity: benefit or harm?

It’s simply impossible to imagine our life without light, but the static current accumulated by clothing causes a lot of trouble for many. Some fabrics, to a greater extent, others to a lesser extent, can accumulate electricity caused by friction between textiles and skin, and third-party objects. Synthetic materials are more prone to become electrified.

Sewing a good wardrobe item from a material that is prone to static electricity is frankly not easy, and the finished product will quickly get dirty, as dust particles stick to the surface of the material. Electrical discharges are a source of discomfort, and in some especially sensitive people they have a negative effect on the heart, blood vessels and nerves. To reduce the ability of matter to collect electricity, you can treat it with special compounds - there are quite a lot of antistatic agents on sale. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the smell: some are quite persistent, which will create discomfort when wearing clothes treated with the composition.

Properties and Features

When considering the characteristic features of materials, they pay attention to thickness, mass, strength and other specific qualities that distinguish the material from others. Specific numerical values that describe properties are individual characteristics that allow us to conclude how high quality the sample in question is. Properties are usually divided into groups:

geometric (weight, dimensions, thickness);
mechanical (stiffness, deformation, unraveling);
physical (discussed above - the ability to absorb, transmit moisture, air, dust);
tendency to shrink;
wear resistance.

Division into categories

The threads used in the production of a particular fabric allow the material to be classified as natural, synthetic or artificial fabrics. Each group has its own unique properties due to the characteristics of production. So, natural fibers of plant or animal origin. The first type includes the flax discussed above, the second type is wool and silk fabric. They are clean, do not harm the environment, and are safe for humans.

Artificial material is made by working with natural materials in industrial conditions. The most commonly used is cellulose. The finished product is modal, viscose. These are shiny materials, but most of them are fragile, especially when wet.

Synthetic fibers are those that are made from oil, coal, and gas. On sale they are represented by nylon, acrylic and many other similar names. Products made from such raw materials practically do not wear out, they are very durable, but do not conduct air and do not absorb water, and do not always meet hygiene standards for fabrics. Synthetics can cause allergic reactions or asthma attacks.

About textiles

Textiles are loom-woven, knitted and non-woven fabrics. The latter category includes felted ones. Such materials can be made from a variety of raw materials, but they are united by similar hygienic, technological, physical, mechanical properties, and features manifested during operation. Analyzing all possible material options for sewing a planned product, it is necessary first of all to examine the physical and mechanical parameters. In particular, they analyze how high the tensile strength is. The feature depends on the thickness of the fibers used and the weaving characteristics, as well as the composition of the product. Synthetics are the most durable, while wool and cotton have the worst parameters.

Some fabrics, to a greater extent, others to a lesser extent, are capable of forming folds and creases, which can be removed with an iron or steamer. Cotton fabrics are most susceptible to these processes, and polyester options are in the lead.

Beautiful or not?

Some fabrics are soft in nature, so they fold easily and aesthetically. Products made from this material are elegant and beautiful. Satin and silk are especially highly valued. But jacquard and velvet are denser and stiffer, so you won’t be able to drape them, there won’t be enough flexibility.

Stiffness is an important property of fabric; it must be taken into account when making clothes. The term usually refers to the ability of a material to resist external factors that change shape. Some canvases, even under the influence of their own weight, can stretch out and sag over time, but others retain their original appearance for many decades.

Reliable and long lasting

Wear resistance is one of the most important properties of fabric. The use of products from different materials is associated with numerous loads - mechanical, chemical. Biological factors are also significant. All this leads to the loss of the original aesthetics of the material and provokes deformation and destruction. The fibers become thinner, fall apart, the fabric stretches and becomes unusable. Artificial fabric, satin, and satin have the highest wear resistance. The first to wear out are cotton fabrics, the fibers of which are woven in a simple way.

For your convenience, we have prepared for you a detailed description of the fabrics and their main properties and characteristics that are used in the manufacture of clothing for the products that are presented in our online women's clothing store "Most Fashionable". If you lack a description of any fabric or have other wishes, you can always write to us about it. All wishes will be taken into account and implemented to the extent possible.

Description of fabrics. Their main types and characteristics

The highest quality artificial fiber, stable in shape, resistant to heat retention, often used instead of wool or in conjunction with it to improve some of the characteristics of the product. Acrylic is also called “artificial wool”, which in its own qualities is similar to natural wool; it has many extremely rare properties. Acrylic fibers can be dyed very well, as a result of which you can make yarn of bright, highly saturated, intense colors. Acrylic canvas has many advantages - hypoallergenic, pleasant to the touch, color fastness. Things are pleasant and comfortable to wear in everyday life, they are comfortable and warm. This material is not fussy when caring, but you should follow some recommendations: wash products at a temperature of no more than 30C, things should not be wrung out, they should be laid out on a flat surface until completely dry. Ironing should be done at minimum temperature.

Alex– a fabric with good elasticity, which is a representative of the “knitted family”. Due to the fact that the fabric is made by knitting (the loops are tightly intertwined with each other), Alex holds its shape perfectly and practically does not wrinkle. Most often, the fabric contains cotton, viscose fibers and about 30% polyester. Business dresses, trouser suits, and classic skirts are made from this material.

Angora- wool fabric of the Angora goat, gentle to the tactile sensations, with a distinctive soft and delicate pile. The fabric comes in light and medium-weight types, plain-dyed or melange. The use of angora is widespread. Women's dresses, all different suits, lightweight coats, etc. are made from it.

Smooth and dense fabric with a glossy front side. Satin is highly wear-resistant, drapes well, and with proper care retains its shape. Fabric made from silk threads is susceptible to high temperatures, but material with the addition of synthetic fibers is more resistant and durable. Satin is used to make evening and cocktail dresses, long skirts, and blouses. Fabric composition may vary. The most expensive products are made from 100% silk. More affordable fabrics will contain cotton and viscose fibers. The cheapest satin is made from 100% polyester.

Velvet– noble fabric with resistant pile. Made from silk, wool and cotton threads. Viscose can also be added to the structure of the material, due to which velvet becomes more durable and stretches well. The fabric is distinguished by its texture - soft pile, up to 5 mm long, gives a pleasant tactile sensation. The peculiarities of velvet are its iridescent surface and color saturation, but the disadvantages include difficulties in care, since such things can only be washed by hand, and stubborn stains are quite difficult to remove.

Airy, lightweight fabric, which, although it seems very delicate, is highly durable and able to retain its shape. The most expensive cambric is the one that is made by hand from linen and cotton threads using the twisting method. But modern industry allows everyone to wear products made from this fabric - in addition to cotton fibers, the fabric contains synthetic threads, which make the material easier to care for and more affordable. Summer dresses, sundresses, skirts are sewn from cambric, and it is also used for finishing blouses.

Natural stretch fabric, which contains a large amount of cotton fibers and a small percentage of elastane. The fabric has the property of high thermal conductivity, which is accompanied by a feeling of pleasant freshness and coolness.

Biflex. A fabric that stands out for one property: it stretches perfectly. It is made by spinning - the threads are intertwined with each other on a special machine. Biflex can have different densities and compositions. Most often, more than 50% of the composition is lycra and lurex - synthetic materials that are responsible for the shine and characteristics of the fabric. The composition may also include microfiber and nylon - another representative of the “synthetic” ones, which give supplex moisture-proof properties. Tracksuits and swimsuits are made from this material.

Boucle- a fabric made from wool thread. Its characteristic features are the presence of many small curls and a knobby surface to the touch. Bouclé is also compared to small astrakhan. The fabric composition, in addition to wool, may include cotton, viscose, and synthetics. The thicker the material itself and the curls, the more wool it contains. They make coats, suits, and scarves from boucle. The most famous fans of boucle suits are Jacqueline Kennedy and Sophia Loren. This fabric does not wrinkle, and woolen products can only be washed by hand.

Velveteen— this material is a synthetic fabric, the outer part of which is made of pile. This material has been known since ancient times, being considered the “fabric of kings,” which made it very expensive and practically inaccessible to the general public. However, now this fabric is made using a slightly different technology, which has increased the elasticity of the material itself. In addition, products made from corduroy are quite pleasant to the touch and durable, but special care must be taken when washing - the material can lose its shape and wrinkle.

Velours- fabric with low, very dense and soft pile. A material that is pleasant to the body, used for sewing clothes. Things made of velor are comfortable and cozy. Items made of velor practically do not dry out and are resistant to other damage, do not stretch and look like new after a long time. Fabric composition: lycra, cotton with polyester or may consist of 100% cotton. Thanks to the inner layer of jersey that comes into contact with your baby's skin, which is made of cotton. Things made of velor are comfortable, cozy and warm for children and adults. It is recommended to wash at less than 35 degrees, also hand wash. Ironing after washing is not recommended.

Viscose- a delicate, tactile fiber (fabric) with the highest brightness of color and soft shine. Viscose has a composition similar to natural cotton fiber and is therefore hygroscopic and easily permeable to air. Moreover, it gives a feeling of coolness in hot weather.

Gabardine. A fabric that is durable due to a special weave of threads - embossed, diagonal weaving is used, and also holds its shape well, allowing you to create draperies and textured folds that do not deform after washing. Natural gabardine is made from merino sheep wool - expensive suits and short coats are made from this material. Today, gabardine is most often composed of cotton, rayon and textured polyester threads. Skirts, jackets and suits are made from this fabric.

Galliano- a fabric that got its name thanks to the famous Italian designer, who, when sewing products, pays special attention to the lining. Yes, galliano is a lining fabric that can have a different composition. For example, the lining that will be used to sew a coat or jacket will contain twill and viscose. For dresses and skirts, galliano fabric is used, which consists of satin and polyester. This material is durable, holds its shape well, but has virtually no stretch.

Guipure- translucent fabric in the form of lace patterns on a mesh base. This material is widely used for the production of products consisting of it, as well as some individual elements for models, for example: lace sleeves of dresses, sweaters, etc., lace inserts on the back in summer or demi-season models. Guipure is used for the production of evening dresses, sweaters and other things. Lace overlays give the models a festive look.

- a combination of two elegant fabrics that allows you to get an impressive material at low cost. On the front side you see a sophisticated guipure pattern, and on the back side you see smooth and pleasant to the touch satin. To make this fabric, stretch satin is used, which includes lycra, as well as guipure. The latter, as a rule, is made of cotton or polyamide threads, less often - of silk, linen and viscose. Guipure on satin is chosen for sewing corsets for evening dresses, jackets, and skirts.

Guipure Printed. A fabric that consists of two elements: embossed lace and a thin mesh, which, in fact, connects the lace elements. Lace is usually made of cotton, but the mesh may contain synthetic fibers, which add wear resistance and strength to the product. Printed guipure, unlike traditional guipure, can have different color schemes, since the color and design here are applied mechanically. Original dresses are made from this material; it is used as inserts in jackets and evening dresses where a corset is used.

Diving- High-quality and highly elastic fabric, which gives it a dimensionless effect. It fits your body perfectly, drapes perfectly and holds its shape well. The fabric is breathable and has the important inherent property of removing moisture and sweat from the surface of the body. Diving is a versatile and durable fabric and is often used for sewing: not only everyday women's clothing, dresses, but also for the production of sportswear, including athletics.

Diving Micro- a fabric that, unlike its “brother” - diving, has a very wide range of applications. It is used to make dresses, pencil skirts, tracksuits, and leggings. It is made from thin viscose fibers and is lightweight, stretches well and does not restrict movement. In addition to viscose, micro diving also contains lycra, polyester and elastane. Due to the presence of lycra and elastane, the fabric drapes well and fits well.

Double thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka, simply “Kulirka”, one of the natural cotton-based materials widely used in our everyday life. the outer side is flat and smooth, and the inner side is loop-shaped, created by knitting interlining threads of the highest density from the inside. The fabric is resistant to wear and does not lose shape, pilling or stretching. This natural and natural material allows the skin to breathe perfectly even in warm and hot weather, easily passing air through itself. Important: it is advisable to wash at a temperature of no more than 30 degrees, as the fabric shrinks after washing. Composition – 100% cotton.

Thickened fabric. Either wool (worsted) or cotton spun yarn. Scars are clearly visible on the surface of the fabric; they are obtained as a result of appropriate selection of the proportions of density and thickness and the introduction of a special weave of threads. The diagonal is so strong that it is used for sewing military uniforms, and for you and me, coats, jackets and other things are sewn from it.
During production, the fabric is created on the basis of natural materials. Therefore, the fabric is hygroscopic and allows air to pass through quite easily, allowing the body to breathe. All things made from this material bring convenience and comfort, including practicality in use to the owner. The product does not cause hypoallergenic reactions. I would like to note the thermal insulation characteristics: in cool times, clothes made from it warm and retain heat, and at elevated temperatures, on the contrary, it gives a feeling of freshness and coolness.

Jacquard— this material is a special fabric that is made by complex interweaving of various threads. This technology also affects the price of the final material, which is quite high. As for products made from this fabric, they are very durable, lightweight, wear-resistant and hypoallergenic. The use of natural materials in production allows this fabric to be used even for clothing for newborns.

Suede- aka champoo (aka rovduga and vezh), this is leather made from deer and sheepskins using a method called fat tanning. It has characteristic properties: soft silkiness, a certain velvety quality and such an important property as moisture resistance. Painted in different colors. A distinctive feature of the fabric is its sponginess and porosity.

The material is made by combining a cotton or silk base with microfiber or polyester threads. Clothes - skirts, jackets - are made using a woven method - microfiber cloth is split into small fibers and applied to a cotton or silk base. This method ensures the reliability of the material. The non-woven method, in which polyester threads are glued to a base, is distinguished by its low cost, but also of lower quality processing. Artificial suede is soft, wear-resistant and practically does not deform.

The material consists of two parts: a base and a layer of polymers. It has good strength, elasticity, hypoallergenicity and withstands frost and ultraviolet radiation. Cotton and polyester can be used as a base, and polyurethane as a top layer. The combination of a fabric base and porous polyurethane makes faux leather a fabric that is highly breathable and can be used to make dresses, skirts, leggings and trousers.

– this includes several types of canvases that differ in their composition, but have several mandatory properties. Suit fabric should hold its shape well, fit your figure and be wear-resistant. The material can contain wool with elastane, cotton with the addition of polyester, and viscose. The best suiting fabrics are considered to be cotton with the addition of synthetic fibers - they are good for the summer-spring period, as well as woolen fabrics with viscose and elastane. The latter are worth choosing for a warm winter-autumn suit.

Suit fabric "Tiar"- a fairly thick, plain-dyed suiting fabric of a dark color with elastane; the clothing is flexible and elastic, which gives it a sort of dimensionless quality and does not restrict movement. A special feature is the softness, comfort and amazing pleating of the fabric. "Tiare" is widely used for sewing school clothes and clothes for women. Often used to make dresses, jackets, skirts, sundresses and much more.

— this fabric is almost 100% natural cotton. Sometimes certain impurities of organic origin are added to the composition, but they only increase the positive characteristics of cotton. Clothing made from cotton absorbs moisture well and allows air to pass through, which makes it almost indispensable in the summer. It also has good hypoallergenic properties, but with prolonged wear the color saturation may be somewhat lost. However, this drawback is more than covered by its undoubted advantages.

Natural fabric made from cotton fibers. Cotton is distinguished by its hypoallergenicity, ability to pass air well and durability. The type of fabric called "shirt" has several features. The first is the composition. This cotton will consist of 100% cotton without the addition of viscose or lycra. The second is the ability to keep its shape well, which is achieved thanks to the composition and dense weaving of the fibers. Shirt cotton is used for making blouses and, as the name suggests, for making dress and casual shirts.

Crepe- a category of fabrics, mainly silk fabrics, whose threads are produced with significant (crepe) twist, and also in some variants with special (crepe) weaves. Crepe fabrics have characteristic properties: low creasing and excellent appearance, elasticity and wear resistance, as well as good drape. To highlight and emphasize all the splendor and grace of the crepe pattern, it is most often made plain-dyed. Due to the fact that crepe threads have increased rigidity, it has the disadvantage of increased fraying.

Lightweight but fairly dense fabric with a slightly rough surface. The prefix “crepe” indicates a special method of weaving threads - first they are twisted in different directions, and then intertwined using the traditional plain method. Thanks to this technology, a durable but lightweight material is obtained. Crepe chiffon is used to make evening and summer dresses, skirts, and scarves. The fabric lends itself well to draping and is durable. Composition: 100% silk.

Corn- excellent moisture absorption is one of the main distinctive properties of the fabric. What’s interesting is that the corn dries instantly, one might say before our eyes. We also include the ability of the fabric to retain color for a long time, resistance to fading when exposed to sunlight and other external influences. It is worth highlighting its most basic advantage - it is hypoallergenic. The fabric is very pleasant and soft to the touch.

Linen is a fabric of natural origin obtained from a plant. Products made from this material have very good breathability characteristics, which is a big advantage in very hot weather, and they are also hypoallergenic and durable. Linen retains its integrity quite well, despite frequent wear and regular washing. It is worth noting that this material is sensitive to temperatures, so these clothes should be washed in not very hot water so that the material does not shrink.

Madonna- a fabric that is characterized by maximum breathability and consists of synthetic materials - polyester and viscose. Sometimes spandex fibers are added to the composition - this fabric will be as elastic as possible. Madonna is good because stains from the surface are easily removed due to the fact that the fabric fibers undergo special treatment. Evening dresses are made from this material when you need to create a model with heavy folds, as well as jackets and suits.

Fabric "Macaron", (also “macaroni”, “pasta”) is a fabric of plant origin, usually calico, 100% cotton. It got its name thanks to its simple design - thin lines on a light background. For a finished weaving pattern, a clear perpendicular weave of threads is necessary. The material comes out very pleasant and light. It is used for needlework, sewing children's clothing, bed linen, and home costumes.

Oil is a synthetic material based on polyester and viscose. The use of these materials allows clothes made from oil to be breathable, not wrinkle, and not lose their shape for a long time. It is noteworthy that wearing such clothes in the heat allows you not only not to experience discomfort, but also to feel a feeling of freshness and coolness, which makes this fabric extremely popular among manufacturers of summer clothing.

Practical and pleasant to the touch. It is often used to sew home textiles, bathrobes, pajamas and tracksuits. The composition is usually linen, cotton or bamboo. The surface of the terry is made up of loops of warp threads. The pile can be single- or double-sided. High-quality fabric perfectly absorbs moisture, does not deform and does not require ironing. There are canvases with a relief pattern and cut pile.

Memory– a fabric that restores its shape well, does not wrinkle and has a matte shine on its front side. The polymer fibers that make up memory are responsible for the ability of the fabric to remember and restore its shape. The material has the following properties: does not allow moisture to pass through, does not stretch, and repels dirt. They make jackets, raincoats, and coats from memory. The fabric is also suitable for making skirts and suits. In this case, about 30% satin or cotton is added to its composition.

Micro oil- very similar in composition to knitted fabric. The fabric consists of: polyester 90%, viscose 5%, lycra 5%. Incredibly thin, flowing material pleasant to the body.

Mohair- a thin, silky fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat. It is used for sewing dresses, suits, sweaters and even coats. Until 1820, this fabric was available only to the Turkish Sultan, but in the mid-20th century, Angora goats began to be exported from the country and sold as valuable material in European countries. Mohair is very light, retains heat well and has a soft shine.

Neoprene- This is a synthetic material that is made on the basis of foam rubber. In the modern world, this material is used in a variety of areas, but it is most widespread in water sports, where it serves as the basis for athletes’ clothing. This is quite understandable, because this material does not allow moisture to pass through, and also allows you to retain the natural heat of the human body, regardless of temperature changes.

Nicole- a fabric that is practical and has bright colors. It consists of almost 70% polyester, which makes it wrinkle-resistant, retains its rich color and washes well. Contains elastane and viscose - the product will fit well to your figure. Summer sundresses, dresses, shorts in catchy yellow, turquoise, pink shades, as well as formal suits in classic gray and black colors are made from Nicole fabric.

- airy, light fabric, which, at the same time, is rigid. The material holds its shape well and can be either shiny or matte. It all depends on the composition of the fabric. “Shiny organza” is one that is made from polyester fibers that undergo additional processing. Matte fabric is made from viscose and silk threads. True, silk organza can rarely be found, since such material is very expensive. The fabric can be decorated with lurex or metallized threads. Organza is used to trim dresses, skirts and suits.

Sequin- a fabric that has complex production technology and consists of several elements. The first is a base made of polyester or oil, which is responsible for the practicality of the material. Thanks to polyester, the sequin stretches well. The second element is, in fact, sequins, sparkles that are sewn to the base. They are made from plasticex or thin metal plates. Sequins can have different shapes, colors and different levels of shine. As for the composition, sequin fabric is usually synthetic.

To make the lining, fabrics with synthetic fibers are most often used, as they are durable. Viscose is a fabric that is used as a lining in tracksuits. Satin is considered the best option for lining coats and men's suits. Polyester is the most popular lining fabric used when sewing down jackets and jackets. Satin is an expensive fabric that is used as a lining for evening dresses, skirts and classic suits.

- a fabric based on cotton. Most often, it consists of 80-90% cotton, and is supplemented with synthetic, less often - silk threads. The main advantages of poplin: the fabric is highly breathable, soft to the touch, holds its shape well and does not require ironing. After several washes, poplin will not lose color or stretch. They sew dresses, shirts and jackets from this fabric - that is, practical products that should not lose their shape, but are certainly wear-resistant.

- a fabric that looks like elastic and belongs to the “knitted family”. The material is made by knitting, in which the front loops alternate with the wrong ones. Due to this, the resemblance to a small elastic band is achieved. Children's hats, home clothes, and underwear are made from ribana. Fabric composition: 100% cotton. There are also fabrics with the addition of viscose and polyester (no more than 5%).

Gozhka- a fabric that many associate with burlap. But matting is more elegant both in appearance and composition. Ideal material for sewing outerwear and for suits, dresses in the spirit of Audrey Hepburn and Coco Chanel. The fabric contains natural materials: wool, cotton, linen. 2-5% acrylic is also added to increase wear resistance. The matting holds its shape well and has a dense texture. Another feature is that the fabric does not wrinkle and does not require special care.

A non-woven material that has unique properties: retains its shape well, does not absorb moisture and has high thermal insulation characteristics. To make padding polyester, synthetic fibers or recycled materials are used. The fibers are held together by gluing or heat treatment. The density of padding polyester depends on the thickness of the layers used. The minimum density is 0.04 kg per m², and the maximum is 1.5 kg. This material is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, and tracksuits.

Software– looking at the name, it becomes clear that this fabric is soft. Outwardly, it resembles velor, but the composition of the software is somewhat different. The fabric may consist of cotton, elastane and viscose fibers. 100% polyester is also available. The front side of the software has a relief structure and barely noticeable lint, while the back side is matte. Dresses with frills and skirts are sewn from this fabric - it lends itself well to draping, allowing you to create folds that perfectly hold their shape. The material can withstand washing at 40 degrees, the color will not fade in the sun, and you won’t have to iron soft clothes.

Light, weightless and delicate fabric that stretches well and retains its shape. Its composition is synthetic material. Stretch mesh is used to decorate wedding and evening dresses. Recently, this material has been chosen for sewing tutu skirts, as well as shapewear. Due to the fact that the material has a low density, products made from it must be washed on a delicate cycle. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane.

- a fabric that is distinguished by its density and glossy surface. It is made by plain weave of threads, due to which the material is distinguished by its ability to repel moisture. The dense weaving of the threads opens up another ability of the fabric - it perfectly holds its shape and forms rigid folds. Taffeta is made from polyester, viscose, acetate and cotton. Less commonly, you can find silk threads in the composition. Evening dresses and skirts are made from this fabric, and taffeta is also used to decorate blouses and trousers.

Tweed– wool fabric with good density. It is made by twill weaving thick fibers. The fabric is distinguished by its textured surface, and the combination of threads of different colors and the weaving method create a textured pattern with rough knots typical of tweed. Women started wearing tweed suits thanks to Coco Chanel. The famous skirt and jacket sets in pale pink, black and white were made from this natural wool fabric. Tweed has elasticity, strength, does not wrinkle, and the only drawback of the fabric is that it must be protected from moths.

tiar- the fabric from which suits are most often made, both trouser and with a skirt. The material is distinguished by a smooth, even surface with a barely noticeable diagonal scar. Most of the composition is polyester, thanks to which the tiara holds its shape well and does not wrinkle. Contains viscose and wool - these fibers add softness and make the products warm. The tiara will definitely contain elastane, which ensures the elasticity of the fabric. Most often, tiaras are used in black, brown, dark blue and gray costumes.

Thinsulate- is one of the best insulation materials for clothing today. Ultra-light material that does not absorb moisture, thanks to which it will warm you even in damp weather, and has amazing thermal insulation qualities. Thinsulate is one of the weightless insulation materials, it has the best qualities of bird down, only after washing it will not crumple or bunch up like down - this is one of the most positive qualities of this insulation. Thinsulate is very effective and can keep you warm even in cold weather - 60 degrees. Care - Thinsulate items can be washed either by hand or in a machine. If you have chosen automatic washing, it is recommended to select a gentle mode: revolutions less than 600 per minute, water temperature less than 40°C, gentle spin. Even with repeated washing, things do not lose their original appearance and shape, the fabric dries very quickly.

Three-thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka (kulirki are natural materials based on cotton), the outer side is smooth, and the inner side is thick pile, which is formed as a result of knitting interlining threads on the outer side. This fabric is resistant to pilling and stretching of the material, serves for a long time and does not change shape in any way. This is a natural fabric, it allows air to pass through, allowing the skin to breathe, and thanks to the brushing it retains heat, making the material ideal for cold weather. The three-thread fabric is pleasant to the body and sensations. Recommended care: wash at less than 35 degrees. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

- knitted fabric, which has its own peculiarity - the front and back sides are different in appearance. The front is a smooth fabric, soft to the touch, but the back will be distinguished by the presence of fleece, which is formed by weaving the fibers of the footer (thick cotton fabric). The latter add thermal insulation properties to the material. Three-thread "Loop" is used for sewing sports suits. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

Trick is a lightweight knitted fabric based on synthetic threads. It holds its shape perfectly, is elastic, has a smooth and shiny surface. This material absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. Stains can be easily washed off and there is no need to iron at all. As a rule, tricks are used for sewing tracksuits, tops, and leggings. There are plain and printed fabrics.

Soft, fleecy, pleasant to the touch fabric, which is popular among world designers due to its two qualities - the “ability” to retain heat well and durability. Natural angora is made from goat wool and has a silky sheen. But angora knitwear refers to mixed fabrics, which include wool, viscose and polyester. The percentage of the latter, as a rule, is up to 55%. Cardigans, warm dresses with sleeves, and tracksuits are made from this fabric.

Jersey jersey - as is already clear, this is a type of knitted fabric that is knitted using the single-row weaving method, and not woven like other fabrics. How can you tell if it's a jersey? You can take the raw edge of the fabric and stretch it across the width. It should be wrapped in a roll. The composition of the fabric may include woolen threads, cotton, polyester and mixed fibers. The more elastane and synthetic fibers in the composition, the better the jersey stretches. The fabric is used to make both homewear, cardigans, dresses, sweatpants and T-shirts.

A fabric that, although it belongs to the “knitted family,” is made of synthetic fibers. It does not wrinkle, is durable, wear-resistant and has excellent elasticity. The front side of the fabric can have a shiny finish, while the back side will look like a traditional knitted fabric. Disco knitwear is used for sewing cocktail dresses, blouses, tight-fitting skirts and overalls. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Some manufacturers add cotton fibers to the composition.

A fabric that differs in the way the threads are woven. Here the transverse thread is reinforced, and the canvas itself is distinguished by the presence of small scars, due to which the material is externally similar to rep. To the touch, the “ribbon” is a velvety, soft fabric. This knitwear does not wrinkle, quickly regains its shape, has good breathability and thermal insulation. They make dresses, trousers, and skirts from rib knitwear that fit perfectly to the figure. Fabric composition: 95% cotton and 5% lycra or 40% cotton, 30% viscose, 30% polyester.

Flannel- a very soft and fleecy type of cotton-based fabric. Widely used for making home textiles. It has a twill or plain weave of threads, a uniform two- or one-sided pile. It has excellent absorbent and heat-saving properties. It is often used in the production of bathrobes and warm pajamas. There are printed, shirting, bleached, plain-dyed and robe flannel.

Fleece- This is a synthetic material made from polyester, as well as other materials of artificial origin. Fleece material can be used as a lining and also as an outer material. Products made from fleece are quite light and dense, which makes this material indispensable in the manufacture of sportswear.

Flock- dense fabric based on polyester and cotton. It can withstand heavy loads and is often used as upholstery for upholstered furniture. In the production of the material, finely cut fibers are used, which are applied to the adhesive base using a special tool - a flocker. It creates an electrostatic field that allows tiny particles to be firmly attached.

French knitwear- knitted fabric with excellent stretchability. Knitwear is widely used in sewing all types of clothing, turtlenecks, women's dresses, suits for women, jackets, sweaters, pullovers. The loose composition gives this fabric softness. French knitwear allows human skin to breathe, protecting it from hot and cold weather.

Cotton is a natural material obtained from a plant that is used in many types of other fabrics. Cotton products are very light and pleasant to the touch, breathable, which allows you to wear these clothes even in the hottest weather. Cotton is used in a wide variety of industries - from tailoring to furniture production. It is not recommended to wash cotton items at hot temperatures, otherwise they may shrink and lose their shape.

Cotton harvester- This is 100% natural fabric. Typically used for sewing bed linen and home textiles. Crinkled fabric is obtained by special twisting of threads and heat treatment. The result is an interesting relief pattern, the fabric itself is light, breathable, and pleasant to the touch. The advantage of harvester cotton is that it does not require ironing and maintains a neat appearance for a long time.

- a material that is distinguished by its ability to retain heat well. This is achieved by producing the material - synthetic fibers are twisted and combined using a thermal method. Cavities are formed inside the fibers, which retain heat. Hollofiber is non-toxic, allows air to pass through well, does not absorb odors and does not shrink when washed. It is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, sports and ski suits.

Silk is a fabric of natural origin obtained from cocoons that are woven by silkworms. The technology for its production is quite complex, which naturally affects the cost of the final material. However, its advantages brighten up this small drawback. The fabric is very breathable, absorbs and evaporates moisture, and also has a positive effect on the human skin itself - the chemical composition of silk allows the epidermis to regenerate faster. In addition, silk items are reliable protectors against various ticks and lice, as well as other harmful microorganisms.

Chiffon— this material was made using natural silk, but later synthetic materials began to be used. Products made from chiffon are unusually light and airy, but their strength leaves much to be desired. However, this material is quite widely used in many fashion houses as a material for clothing.

- this is a fabric that is a mixture of cotton and viscose in a ratio of 50 to 50 (there are fabrics with 60% cotton and 40% viscose). The material itself has a fairly dense structure, but this does not affect its weight - the fabric is quite light and airy. The stack is very pleasant to the touch, not for nothing that dressing gowns were made from this material in Soviet times. The fabric may be somewhat reminiscent of wool, but its structure is more delicate and elastic.

Eco-leather is a synthetic material made from polyurethane. From the name it is clear that it is a substitute for natural leather, but, unlike leatherette, it is practically in no way inferior to it. The discovery of this material made it possible not only to save a considerable number of animals, but also to take care of the environment, because the production of natural leather is often associated with its pollution. As for the fabric itself, it is very reliable and similar in its characteristics to genuine leather.

Types of fabrics and their characteristics.

The first group includes fabrics made from fibers of plant and animal origin: cotton, flax, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metal threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silone; polyesters - tesil, slotra, diolene; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and cashmilon.

The textural features of various types of fabrics - shine, pile, “sandy surface” - largely depend on the type of weave.

According to the color scheme, types of fabrics can be divided into single-color and multi-color - melange, printed, multi-colored, mulled.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking in the variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork is a fabric made of cotton, wool or silk yarn with an end-to-end pattern. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca is a light, soft, thin fabric made in plain or twill weave from the wool of the domestic animal of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora (Angora wool) - is made from the wool of Angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, and Japan. Used in knitting production.

Satin is a smoothly dyed fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, “atlas” means “smooth.” In Rus', atlas has been known since the 15th century: it was widely used to make clothing for the nobility - caftans, feryazis, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits are made from it. Satin is also used as lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: satin, alpaca, velvet, cambric, supplex, boucle, corduroy, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk is a silk made from man-made fibers first produced in 1925 by Celanese Corp. chemists. of America (USA).

Velvet is a cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain-dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Stretch velvet has excellent stretch and fits well thanks to the elastic fibers in the fabric. Used to make leggings and sweaters.

Batiste is a light and dense cotton or linen fabric with a plain weave, soft to the touch. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, and handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brocat is a silk fabric with a smooth carded pattern and gold or silver threads (Lurex). The latest developments in this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brokat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston is a plain-dyed twill fabric made from high-quality wool with increased wear resistance. Used to make costumes.

Boucle is a thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-shaped thickenings, due to which “bumps” are formed on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Calico is a dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, made from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Corduroy cord is a cotton fabric with cut pile, having pile stripes 3-5 mm wide. It comes plain painted and with a printed pattern.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devore, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy rib is a cotton fabric with a cut pile, having pile strips 1 mm wide. It comes plain painted and with a printed pattern.

Velor (from the French Velours - velvet) is the general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, artificial silk), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velvet is called corduroy and velvet.

Viscose is the name of artificial fiber made from cellulose and fabrics based on it. Viscose was first produced in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage when wet, low strength), but in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Voile is a thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine - (from Spanish - “gabardina” - protection from the elements) - pure wool or wool blend fabric of twill weave, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric is highly wear-resistant and waterproof due to the density and uniformity of the surface. Used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas is a transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave in which the weft and warp threads retain space. Depending on the manufacturing features, the gas was produced as satin, linen or twill.

Garus is a type of woolen fabric named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure is a lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made using bobbins and connected to each other. Today, guipure is produced by machine.

Denim (denim) - (from the French De Nim - from Nîmes) is a cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nîmes, where it was first made. In the beginning it was used to make work clothes for gold miners, in our time - for everyday denim clothing.

Devore is a fabric on which the pattern is obtained by burning (chemical etching) part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, lacquer, linen, organza, brocade (brocat), pique, plush fabrics.

Jersey is a knitted fabric (single or double) machine knitted with a fine loop pitch, having high elongation and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or artificial fibers. Coco Chanel introduced wool jersey into fashion.

Drape (from the French Drap - cloth) is a soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of rolling, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weave. Draperies can be single- or double-faced, plain and multi-colored, piled and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere is a wool or wool blend fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the hair of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which the fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from whose wool this fabric is produced.

Crepe de Chine (French: Crepe de Chine) is a fabric made from silk threads produced from raw silk in the warp and crepe silk in the weft or fabric from artificial threads produced from a loosely twisted warp and weft with a high crepe twist (surface density - 130 g /m2). Crepe de Chine has a matte surface.

Crepe georgette is a thin, translucent fabric made from silk threads of crepe twist in the warp and weft of a plain weave. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, and flowing edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe-satin is a double-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front sides.

Crepe chiffon is a fabric made from natural twisted threads of crepe silk in the warp and weft of plain weave (surface density 25 g/m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all crepe fabrics.

Linen is a fabric made from threads produced from flax stems. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdy (from the French Organdi - hard fabric) is a thin, transparent, stiff cotton fabric, native to Eastern India.

Organza is a hard-to-touch, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade is a complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported to Russia from Turkey and Iran, and later from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique is a cotton or silk fabric with a complex weave of fibers, which has a characteristic texture on the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. Used to make women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber and fabric made from it that has high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, reps, cloth, taffeta, tweed, fukra, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester is a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet is a dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained through weft-pile weave.

Poplin is a dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or wool threads. It has a small transverse rib due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is greater than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make elegant dresses.

Rep is a dense fabric made from cotton, silk and wool threads made from combed warp and weft yarn, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, once in the middle, form transverse ribs.

Twill is a fabric made from silk or wool threads with a twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and wool for outerwear.

Satin is a fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and wool threads of satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Home and work clothes are made from cotton sateen. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Broadcloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface obtained by interweaving medium-thick carded yarn in the warp and thick hardware yarn in the weft. During the finishing process, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed. The cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta is a dense silk fabric, plain-dyed or variegated, with a ribbed texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Fabric weaves from left to right: plain, twill and satin weave.

Tweed (English, tweed) is a coarse woolen fabric with a twill weave. Named after a river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile factories producing these fabrics.

Tactel is a fabric made of thin fiber containing 100% cellulose, has high wear resistance, wind resistance and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture and “breathes”.

Flannel is a cotton or wool fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, with a sparse brush on both sides. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Men's and women's clothing is made from soft and warm wool flannel: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton is a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Shanzhan is natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect obtained thanks to multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot is a single-color sparse wool fabric of twill weave that is felted and sheared. Used for making outerwear.

Silk is a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool is a fabric made from natural fibers made from the wool of sheep, camels, and goats.

Chiffon is a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made from threads of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. Silk chiffon is considered the best - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Tartan is a term for fabric with a large check pattern.

Staple is a soft fabric made of silky fiber based on cellulose with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in a summer range of clothing.

Various types of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for fammeo.ru

Fabric of natural origin. It is obtained from the cocoon of an insect pupa, which is called the “silkworm”. Nowadays, you can find not only natural, but also artificial silk, as well as material with the addition of synthetics.

Silk fibers were first produced in China. It was in the Celestial Empire that a special technology for manufacturing this wonderful material was discovered back in the 5th millennium BC. For a long time it was kept in the strictest confidence.

There are a huge number of types of silk fabrics. Their main differences are in their weaving technology, which gives them their unique features and appearance.

Satin is a shiny and dense silk fabric. The surface of the satin is usually smooth, but the material can also be patterned. The satin has a characteristic shine, the front side resembles gloss. This effect is achieved using a special production technology.

The type of weaving of this fabric, like raw silk itself, was invented in China. Together with the technique of producing material from silkworm cocoons, this knowledge came first to Central Asia and then to Europe, where the material became widespread.

Gas (illusion gas, rice gas, marabou gas, crystal gas)

This is a translucent silk fabric, which is achieved by the large space between its threads. The gas is very light and soft. In the manufacture of different types of gas, patterned, smooth and diagonal weaving is used.

Illusion gas is the thinnest and almost transparent material, reminiscent of a light cobweb. Made from the finest silk yarn. Curtains, light scarves, and elements of wedding decorations are made from it.

Gas-rice is light, transparent and slightly rough. The texture is achieved thanks to a special rice weave. Hence the name.

Gas marabou is a rather rigid golden material made from raw silk, made from tightly twisted threads. It was widespread at the beginning of the 18th century. Used for sewing fluffy women's dresses.

Gas crystal has a bright shine. In its production, multi-colored threads are used, causing the surface to shimmer like precious stones. In France, chic ball gowns were made from it.

Crepe

The name of the material is translated from French as “wavy”, “rough”. When making crepe, the threads are twisted left and right, alternating in a certain way.

This fabric is characterized by an uneven surface. The texture is somewhat similar to sand.

The crepe drapes perfectly, lays down in beautiful waves, and does not wrinkle. Things made from it last a very long time.

In addition to silk crepe, it can be made of cotton, wool blend, or synthetic. Nowadays it is used mainly for women's dresses.

Thin translucent lightweight fabric made from . It comes in matte and glossy. Patterns are embroidered on organza and original designs are applied using printing. Oriental dance costumes and curtains are often made from it.

Silk-Satin

Satin comes from the word "zaytuni" - the Arabic name for Quanzhou harbor in China, the birthplace of this fabric. Silk-satin has a smooth, dense surface, which is characterized by a beautiful shine. Bed linen, men's shirts, and lining are made from it.

Silk-satin is made from two types of material - 100% cotton sateen and pure silk. The weave density of this fabric is 170–220 threads per 1 square meter. cm.

Important! Linen made from silk-satin is very strong and durable. It can withstand over 200 washes, does not fray, and is cheaper than silk .

Fabric made from tightly twisted silk and cotton threads. Synthetic fibers are often involved in production. Taffeta is distinguished by its high density and rigidity. Forms brittle folds, which allows you to achieve additional volume and fluffiness.

The toile is distinguished by high density and delicate shine. This fabric holds its shape excellently and is used as a lining for sewing dresses and ties.

Chiffon

A very thin, airy material made from tightly twisted silk threads. It is transparent, light and flows beautifully. Perfect for sewing summer blouses and light scarves.

Chesucha (wild silk)

Chesucha is a wild dense silk with an amazing texture. In production, threads of unequal thickness are used, which form such a surface. It is durable, drapes well, but requires delicate care. Chesucha is used in sewing curtains and various clothes.

Foulard is most often used as a finishing material. Thin and soft silk fabric from which shawls, scarves and scarves are sewn. In the 20th century, dresses, curtains and lampshades were also made from foulard.

Dense curtain fabric of medium hardness, with a pleasant shine. This exclusive fabric consists almost entirely of natural silk. DuPont made in India is especially valued. Wedding and evening dresses, accessories and expensive bed linen are made from it.

Silk fabric made using crepe weaving. The front surface of crepe georgette is shiny and rough.

Important! The difference between crepe georgette and other types of crepe is the direction of weaving. During production, the warp and weft threads are twisted in different directions. This makes it dense, but light and elastic.

During the era of balls, fashionable women's toilets were made from crepe georgette. Now this fabric is not so popular. It is used to make draped curtains, as well as some models of skirts, blouses and scarves.

Type of silk crepe fabric - h grainy with crepe twisting technology. It has a moderate shine, is dense and fine. Shawls, suits, and blouses are made from crepe de chine.

Important! Soft flowing folds and draperies are a characteristic feature of this material.

Epontage (or pongee) is distinguished between silk and cotton. The material has an uneven spongy surface with a decorative color pattern in the form of cells, stripes, and melange.

Brocade has always been considered the fabric of nobles, royalty and church ministers. This heavy material is made from silk with a complex pattern made with metal thread. Previously, the pattern was made with threads from alloys of gold and silver. This explains the high cost of the material.

Nowadays, patterns on brocade are embroidered not only from hard metal threads. Use threads made of linen, silk or cotton.

Muslin is made from high-wrap natural silk. The material is transparent and thin. Used for sewing theatrical costumes and dresses.

Twill(Italian sargia, French serge; from Latin sericus - “silk”) - twill production technology - weaving threads diagonally. Each subsequent thread offsets the intersection by 2 or more other threads. Twill is produced either plain-dyed or printed. Used as lining, technical or dress fabric, for sewing workwear.

Excelsior, Excelsior

Plain weave silk fabric with a distinct sheen, fine and transparent. In production, untwisted thread is used. Excelsior drapes well. The fabric is quite beautiful. It is used by designers who work with batik, as well as those who create silk flowers and decorative elements.