Cardboard figures diagrams. Volumetric figures

Such three-dimensional figures can be made of any shape, they can be multi-colored, they can be decorated with beads or lace and a beautiful inscription can be made. In such an unusual box you can store jewelry or all sorts of women's little things.

Many fathers and mothers are occupied with the question of how to explain this or that question to a child in the most accessible way. When a child grows up, the time comes to explain to him complex geometric shapes - cube, sphere, etc. It is much easier to show these figures to a child. To give a child three-dimensional models of geometric shapes, they need to be made from something.

The most convenient and easiest to make is paper crafts in the origami style.

There are many different shapes that people have learned to make from paper and not necessarily geometric ones. These can be voluminous hearts that you can use as decorations for Valentine's Day or stars that will complement the decor in the nursery.

Volumetric paper figures: diagrams of geometric shapes

Creating three-dimensional geometric shapes is not only exciting, but also useful. The child learns to think spatially, which is very necessary.

The simplest way to make a three-dimensional geometric figure is to print the templates and cut along the dotted line, then glue them according to the instructions.

But you can also make such figures yourself. For this you will need: cardboard, colored or white paper, pencil, ruler, scissors and glue.

How to make a paper cube:

1. On a piece of paper, draw 4 identical squares with sides 4 cm in a row in a row.
2. From the second square, up and down, draw an identical square. You should get a pattern of 6 squares in the form of a cross.
3. On the protruding squares, draw valves in the form of trapezoids (width no more than 0.7 cm).
4. Cut out a template - a future sample for working with cardboard or other thick paper.
5. Bend the figure along the drawn lines, coat the small trapezoid flaps with glue and connect all sides together.

If desired, each side of the cube can be covered with colored paper. And if one side with the flap is not fixed with glue, you will end up with a small box that can be used as gift wrapping.

Amusing volumetric paper animals: toys for kids

Children love to cut out, glue, and draw - such activities broaden the child’s horizons, develop attentiveness and perseverance. Using ready-made diagrams on the Internet or in creative magazines, schoolchildren can create different animal figures.

Gluing three-dimensional shapes is quite simple:

1. Having chosen the desired animal, you need to print the diagram.
2. Cut out the parts according to the template, leaving a small margin for gluing.
3. Make folds along the line and glue the figure.

You can make easy crafts yourself. A bear, a fox, a dog, a cat, a bee - all these animals will be made using identical technology.

Whatever craft you make, you need to let it dry completely. If you handle wet glue with your hand, you can leave dirty fingerprints on the paper.

To create a simple craft, you will need white and green paper, scissors, and glue.

DIY little bunny toy:

• Two strips 3 cm wide and 10 and 7 cm long;
• Two semicircles in the shape of ears;
• Two eyes (blanks);
• A free-form green piece of paper for the “grass.”

Fold the strips and glue the ends together. You should get two wide rings. Glue a larger ring on a green piece of grass - the body of a bunny, and glue the head onto it. Attach the ears evenly to the back of the head. Draw or glue ready-made eyes, make a mouth - the bunny is ready.

Do-it-yourself three-dimensional paintings from toilet paper: master class

Any creative work is inextricably linked with extraordinary thinking. Crafts made from improvised materials help both children and adults look at these things from a different angle.

Three-dimensional pictures made from toilet paper are not very well known in ordinary circles. But where there is room for creative thinking, there is always something new and interesting.

To create a picture you will need:

• Toilet paper;
• PVA glue;
• Thick cardboard;
• Gouache;
• Brushes 2-3 pcs. different sizes;
• Acrylic varnish;
• Glue container;
• Pencil.

The way you work with paper also determines its appearance. Before gluing the paper onto the cardboard, you need to soak it well.

How to make a three-dimensional picture from toilet paper:

1. It is better to cover the cardboard with one or several layers of soaked paper. To do this, apply a thin and even layer of PVA glue to the cardboard and then apply a strip of paper. After drying, we have a ready-made base for the painting.
2. Let's draw a tree.
3. Take glue into a bowl and dilute it a little with water.
4. To create a tree trunk, the most convenient way is to twist soaked paper into a spiral. Lay it out according to the pattern of the tree trunk and its branches.
5. To create tree leaves, a suitable method is to layer many small pieces of paper. Twist small pieces into paper balls, soak in glue and lay out according to the template. This will give the tree volume and, of course, make the picture clearer due to the difference in textures.

The finished picture can be inserted into a regular wooden frame without glass.

The painting should be painted on dry paper.

For coloring it is better to use gouache. Ordinary watercolor paint will not lay down in a dense layer on the paper and will show through. For paint, use a high-quality brush that will not disintegrate.

Original do-it-yourself voluminous paper birds: origami patterns

With a little practice, you can create complex and interesting three-dimensional paper shapes with your own hands. You need to start with the simplest shapes that can be printed, cut and glued.

The origami technique is not as easy as folding according to a ready-made template, but it is very interesting. It happens without cutting.

This work with origami involves the use of a square sheet of paper, which must first be cut out.

Do-it-yourself volumetric owl: working with paper

1. We bend a sheet of paper 40x40 cm diagonally, unbend it and bend it along the second diagonal.
2. We turn the sheet over with the curves facing up and fold it in half towards itself.
3. Unbend and bend in half again from left to right. We fold the sheet along these folds into a square and place it in front of us in the form of a diamond.
4. We bend the lower edges towards the center, forming two triangles. We bend the upper triangle and unbend it back.
5. Unfold the side triangles and open the bottom corner. Turn the craft over and also open the bottom corner.
6. We bend the upper half of the top layer in half “towards ourselves”.
7. In the same way, bend the upper half of the second layer back.
8. We bend the side edges of the top layer, forming 2 triangles. We bend the bottom layer back in the same way.
9. Fold the right half of the top layer in half to the left. Turn over and repeat the action.
10. At the same time, we turn the left half to the right and pull the lower part up - we get a wing.
11. We bend the left half to the right - onto the wing, and bring the back half forward. We make the second wing identical to the first.
12. We bend the top corner down and form the head. Turn the product over.
13. We cut the corners on the sides and lift up the resulting triangles. Turn it over.
14. We make a cut in the lower corner, and from the top layer we bend triangles to the side—the owl’s feet. Your bird is ready!

The owl will be white and can be decorated. For drawing, use watercolors, gouache or a regular felt-tip pen.

Volumetric paper applique: templates and pictures from lumps of paper

It is also interesting to be creative with small children. A very popular type of needlework for kids is creating pictures from lumps of colored paper. This work is quite easy, but at the same time painstaking, because you have to work with small pieces of paper.

Working with paper balls develops the motor skills of the fingers, which determines the development of the baby’s speech and his further mental development.

For work we will need - colored cardboard, thin colored paper (ideally napkins), glue, pencil.

When working, it is important not to forget about alternating colors, because the picture should be bright and colorful.

Before you start creating a picture, you need to draw simple toy figures on a sheet of cardboard. It could be a doll, a car, a butterfly or a whole house.

To make a picture from lumps, you need to cut a napkin into many small squares. Crush each piece with your hands, dip it in glue and apply it to the drawing, forming a three-dimensional picture.

Simple three-dimensional paper crafts for children: how to surprise a child

Creative work with your children will help you pass the cold winter evenings. Every kid wants to have toy furniture that can be made from ordinary paper and cardboard.

Armed with a good mood, you need to use your imagination. Take a couple of sheets of cardboard, scissors, glue, a plastic bottle, paint and openwork ribbon - with these simple things you can create a beautiful table for a doll.

DIY doll table:

1. Prepare materials. Cut off part of the bottle from the neck to 12-15 centimeters. Cut 2 ovals from cardboard - the future shape of the table.
2. Glue 1 oval onto the neck of the bottle. Paint the bottle any color and wait until it dries.
3. Glue the openwork to the rim of the oval and glue the 2nd oval on top.

The finished table can be decorated with beads and flowers and used as decoration.

In addition to the table, you can make a whole set of furniture - chairs, a bed, an armchair. If you can’t draw the details manually, you can find ready-made diagrams on the Internet. It is very easy to use them to cut out various three-dimensional crafts.

Master class: three-dimensional paper crafts (video)

Looking at these crafts, it’s hard to believe that everything can be done with your own hands from the simplest material of paper. Kids can make light appliques, and older children will be interested in voluminous crafts that will be a good gift for any occasion. The main thing in this creativity is accuracy and perseverance, only then will all the crafts turn out beautiful and interesting.

Nowadays, probably, everything is made from paper. The huge demand for this product is due to its wide popularity and wide scope of application. Today we will talk about three-dimensional paper figures with our own hands. For some people, this hobby develops into profitable profession, because about their exhibits one can only say that this is a real work of art.

Using the modular origami technique, three-dimensional paper figures are assembled from a large number of identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. At the same time, the friction force prevents the structure from falling apart. Using the modular origami technique, boxes, flat and three-dimensional stars, and spherical objects are often made, which in Russia received the inaccurate name kusudama, since kusudama initially involved sewing modules together into a ball.

Wet origami - closer to reality

There is another type of popular origami - wet folding. To give smooth lines, the paper is slightly moistened with a sponge or spray bottle. Most often used to create animal figurines. Wet paper is more pliable and holds its shape better after drying. The peculiarity is that by wetting the structure again, you can give it a different shape without tearing the paper.

Kirigami - volumes from the plane

In the kirigami technique, you can use scissors and glue. Crafts using the kirigami technique are somewhat reminiscent of children's panorama books. This technique is also often compared to ‘pop-up’ cards. Unlike traditional pop-up cards, these paper designs are typically cut and folded from a single sheet of paper. Most often, three-dimensional reproductions of architecture, geometric patterns and various everyday objects, etc. are developed.

Kusudama - round shapes

The kusudama technique has the same principle as modular origami. The main difference is that the figures have a spherical shape, and the parts for connection can not only be nested one into another, but also glued or sewn.

Cubecraft - a square bun with many faces

This is a modern technique for making paper crafts. In this technique, all the figures are folded according to the same pattern. The point is that you can make figurines of various famous characters from movies, comics, cartoons, as well as real personalities: politicians, musicians, actors, etc. Such figurines are placed on the table as a reminder or simply to please the eye.

Papier-mâché - remembering childhood

The name of the papier-mâché technique is translated from French as “chewed paper.” But you will be surprised to learn that the birthplace of this technology is China. The technique involves gluing pieces of paper soaked in paste in multiple layers. Then the paper figures are primed and painted. You can make anything from papier-mâché (vases, toys, mugs), but most often they make masks.

Decoupage - decorate old things

Decoupage in translation means “cutting”. Most often, the decoupage technique is used for old furniture - some dragons or birds, plants or animals are cut out. It gives new shine to old things. It is also used in the creation of exclusive interior items, in the design of clothing and in the manufacture of fashion accessories.

Trimming - quilling in a new way

Using the cutting technique, you can make beautiful postcards or even paintings. Quilling uses long strips that are wound onto a thin stick. Small squares are also cut here. Then, a stick is applied to the center of the square, and this square is screwed onto it. The resulting part is glued to the base. Sometimes it turns out unusual and very voluminous.

Paper art - metal imitation

This technique was invented in 2006 and is based on imitation metal and wood made from paper napkins. The technique imitates wood carving or metal chasing. Coloring and patination gives natural textures. Strips of napkins soaked in water are twisted into threads, then a pattern is laid out from them and secured with glue. After drying, all that remains is to paint and give it a natural look.

Iris folding - “rainbow folding”

To make a craft using this technique, you need to cut several strips of paper of different colors and lay them in a spiral or in another fancy way. It all looks like a multifaceted figure. Layering translucent papers on top of each other gives interesting effects when decorating.

Pergamano - painstaking work

Patterns and decorations in this technique are made on parchment paper using perforation and embossing. Most often, the parchment technique is used in making cards and invitations.

Katagami - you need a sharp knife

Some more Japanese paper art. Katagami is the art of cutting out entire pictures from rice paper using a special sharp knife and a stencil or along a drawn line. Most often used for paintings.

A collage is an image made up of various pieces of paper (wallpaper, newspapers, magazines, photographs, etc.) that differ in color and texture. Previously, they cut out pictures from magazines, newspapers, books and decorated things with them (remember your grandmother’s suitcase or dressing table). Now this ancient technique has again become fashionable and is widespread in various countries when decorating handbags, hats, trays, Christmas tree decorations, sundials, boxes, dishes, packaging, etc.

Paper modeling - paper turns...

Of particular interest, deserves paper modeling. You can create almost any three-dimensional figure from paper with your own hands. Starting from military equipment, architectural monuments and ending with various types of animals, both known to everyone and fictional. Of course, ideally you need to be able to do everything (drawings, parts, etc.) with your own hands, but first you can use the Internet. Through the search, you can find a lot of drawings and layouts that can be printed, cut and glued. There are even special sites that store paper models: airplanes, cars, movie and cartoon characters.

All of the listed paper craft techniques have their own nuances, advantages and disadvantages. But most importantly, when choosing what type of paper art to do, I advise you to be guided solely by your own heart. In order to make a fascinating figurine, you must truly love this business.

This is painstaking work that requires care and patience, and only with a strong desire can everything be done as it should be. Your reward may be the admiring glances of your friends and praise addressed to you.

Paper products They look very nice if everything is cut and assembled evenly. The main thing is that creating such figures does not require special skills. Enough attentively connect everything. With a little practice, you will be able to do everything much faster and smoother.

An example of how unusual paper figures can be can be seen in the video below. I advise everyone to watch it, because it is truly unusual and a masterpiece.

Origami are paper figures that belong to Japanese art and have existed in it for centuries. Even in ancient times, monks used paper figurines to decorate temples and its halls, as well as to use them for religious purposes (carrying out rituals).

Every inexperienced master can make origami out of paper with his own hands, but the main criterion is perseverance and precision of movements. Today you will understand that you don’t need to be an ace to make these products beautifully.

Origami tools

The main attention should be paid to the choice of paper for crafts. For origami, office hard paper of different colors is suitable. It is suitable for any scheme, both simple and complex.

To secure the paper, you need to purchase a glue stick or PVA glue. Other types of glue are also suitable, the best option would be those that do not leave marks, and if they do, they can be easily removed.

Buy paints in spray cans to give the desired shade to products made from gray or plain white paper.

A cutter is suitable for straightening the edges of origami, but do not forget to be careful with it.

Also, to create toys you need rulers and pencils for drawing diagrams. To add creativity and originality to your origami, you can decorate it with beads, bugles, rhinestones, and ribbons.

Varieties of paper figures

In addition to the classic look, there are many different alternative types:

• Classic simple origami - those who first decided to make paper figures should start with it. An example of this style is a figurine of a crane.
• Origami from modules is more complicated than the first type. Several parts (modules) must be connected by simple folding. The product lasts quite a long time.
• Aerogami - paper airplane figures.
• Kirigami - creating figures using scissors. For example, postcards.
• Kusudami is a three-dimensional origami, parts of the product are connected to each other using threads and glue. The shape of the figurine often resembles a large ball. This type was often used to decorate the entrance to the temple.

Paper cranes

It is a classic type of origami. There is a legend among the people that if you make a thousand cranes, then what your heart wants will come true.

Let's take a closer look at how to make this wonderful figurine.

• Having folded the sheet diagonally, we cut off the unnecessary paper so that a sheet resembling a triangle remains.
• We bend it again. There should be 2 triangles. From the resulting triangle, straightening it, we make a square. We perform the same procedure on the other side.
• We hold it so that the edges are on top and bend them strictly towards the center.
• We also bend the upper triangle. And immediately we straighten the fold, we get an outline.
• We bend the corner that is lower than the rest horizontally.
• We make a rhombus (we align the edges to the center of the side). We perform the same maneuvers with the other side.
• To form the neck, take the lower part and begin to bend it where the inner contour is. Using the same method, we make the tail of the crane.
• Where the neck is, we bend the beginning, so we get a beak.
• We fold its wings using a small angle bend.

If desired, you can paint the crane or immediately take colored paper. The origami crane is ready.

Rose using origami technique

More attractive and easier for most beginners and origami masters alike are origami flowers. A common figurine is a paper rose.

Let's look at the step-by-step instructions and photos of this origami:

• Take colored paper, preferably red, fold it in half, then fold it again.
• We open the layer of paper that is at the top a little so that we get a swollen top.
• Turn it over to the other side and repeat the action described in the previous paragraph.
• Take the corners and bend them to the top corner.
• We bend the triangle that soon turns out in half until an outline appears.
• Open the triangle by pulling both corners down.
• Holding the pockets by the top, fold them down.
• We do points 4 to 7 on the other side.
• We bend the top corner.
• We unfold the lower part like a book.
• We bulge so that we get 2 triangles.
• Turn the product over.
• We carefully bend the lower right square from the top to the bottom edge (strictly diagonally).
• Turning 180̊ and doing point 13.
• We grab the walls of the origami with our fingers and, without fear, rotate it 360° until we see the resulting petals.

Paper swan

This technique is more complex than others since it uses the modular origami method. In order to make a three-dimensional swan, you need:

• Make approximately 460 triangles from white paper and 1 red one for the beak.
• We insert the corners of two triangles into the pocket of the third.
• Let's add two more. We put all the corners in the pocket.
• We make three such rows. You need to take about 30 modules for each row. We close the circle.
• Insert blanks for the next two rows.
• We press the center so that it slowly turns out.
• With all this, we turn the edges up.
• We make the rows further, but do not forget about the checkerboard order of the modules.
• In row 7 we make modules for the wings. We attach 12 blanks, making a gap for 2 corners, and attach the same number of blanks. In the remaining places we make the swan's tail and neck.
• In the 8th row for wings, the number of blanks becomes 1 less.
• We do this with subsequent rows until 1 module remains in the last row.
• We make the tail by reducing the pieces by one in each row.
• We assemble the neck from 10-12 modules, and the head from one red blank. We create the neck by gradually arching it.
• When the neck is ready, we assemble it together with the body.

DIY origami photo

Note!

Note!

Those who love paper products can use them in room decoration and interior design without spending a lot of money. Paper crafts can create unique and very stylish home interiors.

• unique furniture;
• attractive wall decorations;
• lighting fixtures;
• mirrors;
• picture frames;
• window curtains;
• decorative vases.

Paper is a material that has several uses, it is easy to work with, it is environmentally friendly, and cheap.

Paper home furnishings and wall decorations resemble origami-inspired works of art, thereby adding incredible detail to modern interior design, decorating. So, instead of destroying unnecessary paper, consider turning it into a piece of art and home decor.

You'll be amazed at how much plain paper can transform your space.

Design ideas and crafts

Interior design ideas made from paper, such as wall decorations or lamps, have the ability to significantly transform and decorate your interior. Various volumetric and fantastic 3D shapes for decorating walls, ceilings, stairs, and home furniture can also be made from paper.

Having a delicate exclusive look, paper products add wonderful accents on:

• chandeliers;
• desk lamp;
• frames and doors;
• window curtains;
• decorative vases.

Decorations can be in the form of:

• paper flowers;
• birds;
• butterflies.

They will add a romantic and interesting touch. Paper products produce different effects in interior design, depending on the idea - it can be unusual, surprising or beautiful, impressive, stylish, modern or retro modern.

The design with paper flowers looks amazingly fabulous. They look like beautiful works of art that inspire you to recycle paper and decorate your interior in an eco-friendly style.

To do this, you can dilute this natural material with traditional brick, wood, producing paper structures on the walls and ceiling.

Change your wall, ceiling designs every year to keep your decor looking fresh using paper for modern interior design, wall decor and unique ceiling designs. There are many ideas, places and items where this trend can be used.

So if you are a craft enthusiast, then why not try your hand at design finishing paper? For interior designers and artists, this universal means of art has become commonplace and they offer their developments for your creativity.

But more importantly, don't forget that you're doing more than just decorations - you're helping to reduce waste and save the environment from being littered.

Newspaper is an excellent material for work.

A newspaper is an element that becomes completely useless the very next day after its release, and the endless advertising products in the form of newspapers in our mailboxes are even more depressing with their generosity.

Thus, we always use it as a trash item in our house.

But did you know that this particular waste paper can be used as a wonderful component for making beautiful wall hangings or beautiful home decor items!

I wanted to select for you the most interesting products that you can easily make with your own hands, from newsprint, in order to combine business with pleasure - improve the environmental situation on the planet, create a beautiful product for your home. Check it out - it's very simple.

Wall decor

• To make a wall hanging step by step, roll up several newspapers into a thin tube.
• Now glue these folded sticks onto the cardboard, let the glue absorb well.
• After this, use scissors to cut out any chosen shape from these glued paper rolls, such as a heart shape or a flower shape, or choose a doll shape.
• Make sure you cut out a large object identical to the smaller ones (it's best to make shapes using a template).
• Now take some string with beads and make 5 strings of different sizes by attaching their bases to the paper craft.
• Now choose the color in which the product will be made, come up with some interesting designs on top of the base to make the pendant more beautiful.

How to make a gift bag

Choosing handmade gift bags with elements of old newspapers will be the decision that will bring out the extraordinary courageous personality in you. After all, it is not easy for our mentality to make a gift in a newspaper, like our grandparents in the pre-perestroika era. This solution not only leads us to a way to recycle things, but, at the same time, fulfills all the necessary transportation requirements usually imposed on packaging - that is, it is still a very good option.

Papier-mâché bowl

You can also make a basket or giant bowl to store dry items from daily newspapers.

Beautiful decor

DIY vase

Roll them tightly as in this video, bend them according to the shape requirements. One of the great things about these newspapers is that the product will be amazingly flexible so you can create several useful items by rolling them as per your desire.

Furniture items

This product is made using the quilling principle - wrap rolled sheets of newspaper around a pen or pencil using glue, and then paint them in your preferred color. The building material for the decorative vase is ready.

Rolling sheets of newspaper into ropes is the best way to use newspaper for DIY crafts. With these tubes you can design a modern flower vase by gluing strips horizontally or vertically, and also create more complex shapes like a mirror frame, photo or wall plates, etc.

Handmade vase

Although the process of recycling paper waste can be quite complex, the end result is a beautiful material that makes first-class cards. Items can be made from such paper. You can make this vase from any paper of your choice.

Step by step guide

• You will need 12 sheets of 25 × 25 cm. At the end it is important to assemble the elements correctly. Always use three elements to combine.
• When you have formed a ball with 12 pieces of figures, take out one block in one place.
• The released two tabs are folded and glued. Repeat the same procedure on the bottom side.
• If you do not provide a stable base at the bottom, the vase may tip over, so a bottom hole is also necessary.

How to make tropical paper orchids

Tropical orchids are quite expensive, but you can make them from paper if you love these flowers but don't want to spend your money.

Tools you will need:

• orchid template;
• desktop printer;
• scissors;
• glue;
• paper.

STEP 1

Print and cut out all the orchid petals shown in the template in the color of your choice.

Then print, cut out the center of the orchid onto a second colored paper, and the leaf template onto green paper. Cut out two sets of petals, one center, two leaves for each flower.

STEP 2

Use the edge of a pair of scissors to curl each petal and center section. Fold the leaves in half. Fold each petal in the opposite direction to form a bowl shape. Fold both sides over the leaves.

STEP 3

Attach each layer using hot glue. The largest of the three petal shapes is located at the bottom with the petals folded up, followed by a two-piece petal in the center and a central part on top of the two layers of petals.

STEP 4

Attach the leaves by turning the flower over and placing two leaves at the back.

STEP 5

To make a hair clip, bracelet or gift wrap, glue the fastener to the back of the flower.

STEP 6

Attach the barrel. For a stemmed orchid, bend the end of the wire at an angle. Cut out a small leaf shape by cutting one-third down the center and insert a corner of the wire into that fold. Glue the petal and wire to the back of the orchid.

STEP 7

You can use ready-made orchids not only for decoration, but also to make a gift, a bouquet, or wear them on a sweater or in your hair.

STEP 8

These orchids can be a great alternative to a wedding bouquet or decoration.

Flower garlands

Get into a playful mood with these easy-to-make 3D paper flowers.

You will need:

• glue gun;
• scissors;
• glue stick;
• decorative tape;
• colored paper.

STEP 1

Select colors

Choose coordinating colors to create a balanced color scheme. For a monochromatic approach, consider layered shades and shades of one color. For a more multi-colored effect, mix together shades that have contrast.

For a more feminine look, stick to muted colors and pastels mixed with neutrals such as taupe, brown or soft gray.

STEP 2

Fold in half

Use square sheets as rosebuds are perfectly round. Rectangular papers should be trimmed to a square shape. The first step in this process is to fold each sheet of square paper in half.

STEP 3

Fold into quarters

Once everything has been folded evenly in half, fold it into quarters again.

STEP 4

Turn a square into a circle

After folding the quarter, use scissors to round the edge.

STEP 5

Expand the circle

Expand to open the form. If you've managed to create a perfect sphere, it's time to move on to the next step; however, if the result is oblong or oval, it is better to repeat the previous step until you create a perfect circle.

STEP 6

Starting at the outer edge and working your way towards the center, cut out solid circles in a spiral.

STEP 7

Form the central part of the flower

As you reach the end of the circle when cutting the spirals, leave an oval tab at the end, about 2cm in diameter. This is the part of each paper bud that will hold the spirals together with glue.

Rectangle, square, triangle, trapezoid and others are geometric figures from the section of exact science. A pyramid is a polyhedron. The base of this figure is a polygon, and the side faces are triangles with a common vertex, or trapezoids. To fully represent and study any geometric object, mock-ups are made. They use a wide variety of materials from which the pyramid is made. The surface of a polyhedral figure, unfolded on a plane, is called its development. The method of converting flat objects into three-dimensional polyhedra and certain knowledge of geometry will help you create a layout. It is not easy to make developments from paper or cardboard. You will need the ability to make drawings to specified dimensions.

Materials and accessories

Modeling and execution of multifaceted volumetric geometric shapes is an interesting and exciting process. You can make a large number of different layouts from paper. To work you will need:

• paper or cardboard;
• scissors;
• pencil;
• ruler;
• compass;
• eraser;
• glue.

Defining parameters

First of all, let's determine what the pyramid will be like. The development of this figure is the basis for making a three-dimensional figure. Completing the work will require extreme precision. If the drawing is incorrect, it will be impossible to assemble a geometric figure. Let's say you need to make a layout of the correct

Any geometric body has certain properties. This figure has a base and its vertex is projected into its center. The base is selected. This condition determines the name. The side edges of the pyramid are triangles, the number of which depends on the polyhedron chosen for the base. In this case there will be three of them. It is also important to know the dimensions of all the components that will make up the pyramid. Paper developments are made in accordance with all the data of the geometric figure. The parameters of the future model are agreed upon in advance. The choice of material used depends on these data.

How is a regular pyramid unfolded?

The basis of the model is a sheet of paper or cardboard. Work begins with a drawing of the pyramid. The figure is presented in expanded form. A flat image on paper corresponds to pre-selected dimensions and parameters. has a regular polygon as its base and its altitude passes through its center. Let's start by making a simple model. In this case, it is a triangular pyramid. Determine the dimensions of the selected figure.

To construct a development of a pyramid, the base of which is a regular triangle, in the center of the sheet, using a ruler and pencil, draw a base of the given dimensions. Next, to each side we draw the side faces of the pyramid - triangles. Now let's move on to their construction. We measure the dimensions of the sides of the triangles on the lateral surface with a compass. We place the leg of the compass at the top of the drawn base and make a notch. We repeat the action, moving to the next point of the triangle. The intersection obtained as a result of such actions will determine the vertices of the side faces of the pyramid. We connect them to the base. We get a drawing of a pyramid. To glue a three-dimensional figure, valves are provided on the sides of the side faces. We finish drawing small trapezoids.

Layout assembly

Using scissors, cut out the completed design along the contour. Carefully bend the development along all the lines. We tuck the trapezoid valves inside the figure so that its edges close together. We lubricate them with glue. After thirty minutes the glue will dry. The three-dimensional figure is ready.

First, let's imagine what the geometric figure looks like, the model of which we will make. The base of the selected pyramid is a quadrangle. The side ribs are triangles. For work we use the same materials and devices as in the previous version. We draw the drawing on paper with a pencil. In the center of the sheet we draw a quadrilateral with the selected parameters.

We divide each side of the base in half. We draw a perpendicular, which will be the height of the triangular face. Using a compass solution equal to the length of the side face of the pyramid, we make notches on the perpendiculars, placing its leg at the top of the base. We connect both corners of one side of the base to the resulting point on the perpendicular. As a result, we get a square in the center of the drawing, on the edges of which triangles are drawn. To fix the model on the side faces, add auxiliary valves. For reliable fastening, a strip of centimeter width is enough. The pyramid is ready for assembly.

The final stage of the layout

We cut out the resulting pattern of the figure along the contour. We bend the paper along the drawn lines. The three-dimensional figure is assembled by gluing. Lubricate the provided valves with glue and fix the resulting model.

Volumetric layouts of complex figures

After completing a simple polyhedron model, you can move on to more complex geometric shapes. Unfolding a truncated pyramid is much more difficult to perform. Its bases are similar polyhedra. The side faces are trapezoids. The sequence of work will be the same as that in which a simple pyramid was made. The sweep will be more cumbersome. To complete the drawing, use a pencil, compass and ruler.

Construction of a drawing

The development of a truncated pyramid is performed in several stages. The side face of a truncated pyramid is a trapezoid, and the bases are similar polyhedra. Let's say these are squares. On a sheet of paper we draw a trapezoid with the given dimensions. We extend the sides of the resulting figure until they intersect. The result is an isosceles triangle. We measure its side with a compass. On a separate sheet of paper we build which will be the measured distance.

The next stage is the construction of the side ribs that the truncated pyramid has. The sweep is performed inside the drawn circle. Using a compass, measure the lower base of the trapezoid. On the circle we mark five points that connect the lines to its center. We get four isosceles triangles. Using a compass, measure the side of the trapezoid drawn on a separate sheet. We put this distance on each side of the drawn triangles. We connect the resulting points. The side faces of the trapezoid are ready. All that remains is to draw the upper and lower bases of the pyramid. In this case, these are similar polyhedra - squares. We add squares to the upper and lower bases of the first trapezoid. The drawing shows all the parts that the pyramid has. The scan is almost ready. All that remains is to finish drawing the connecting valves on the sides of the smaller square and one of the faces of the trapezoids.

Completing the Simulation

Before gluing the three-dimensional figure, the drawing along the contour is cut out with scissors. Next, the development is carefully bent along the drawn lines. We tuck the mounting valves inside the model. We lubricate them with glue and press them to the edges of the pyramid. Let the models dry.

Making different models of polyhedra

Making three-dimensional models of geometric shapes is a fascinating activity. To master it thoroughly, you should start by performing the simplest sweeps. Gradually moving from simple crafts to more complex models, you can begin to create the most intricate designs.