Presentation on the theme "Valentine's Day". Section of the presentation on the topic of Valentine's Day Who was Valentine himself in love with?
From the history of the holiday
- Valentine's Day - the holiday of lovers - has been celebrated on February 14 in Europe since the 13th century, in the USA - since 1777, in Russia - since the early 1990s. But why is it still a Valentine's Day? There are many beautiful legends about this. The British, for example, believe that from February 14th nature takes a turn towards spring, and the mating season of birds begins; even an old English proverb says: “On Valentine’s Day, all the birds in the air unite in pairs.” There is other evidence that February 14 is Valentine's Day. Lived in the 3rd century in the city of Terni (Roman Empire) the Holy Great Martyr Valentine. He was a clergyman, engaged in scientific research and private medical practice. During the campaign of Emperor Claudius II of Goth against Christians, Bishop Valentin was repressed and beheaded on February 14, 269. Sources claim: the arrest of Bishop Valentin was caused by the fact that the Roman emperor did not allow the soldiers of his legions to marry, and Valentin secretly married legionnaires and their lovers. While awaiting execution in one of the Roman prisons, Valentine wrote a letter to the daughter of his jailer and signed it: “Your Valentine.” Then he miraculously healed her of blindness, but was still executed. The date of the execution coincided with a Roman celebration in honor of Juno, the goddess of love. Since then, every year on February 14, people remembered Valentine and organized a holiday for all lovers.
- The symbols of Valentine's Day were cooing doves and hearts pierced by Cupid's arrow.
- On this day, girls and boys got together, wrote names on pieces of paper and threw these pieces of paper into a jug, then everyone pulled out one piece of paper and found out the name of their loved one. In some countries, there is still a custom to choose February 14th for Valentines (of both sexes) for the entire next year.
- By February 14, many Valentine's greeting cards are issued, from simple ones with touching images to fold-out ones. And in the old days there were even postcards decorated with gold and lace.
- Italians consider it their duty to give sweets to their loved ones on this day. This day is called in Italy - sweet.
- The gallant French were the first to introduce love messages - quatrains.
- Finns celebrate Love Day on February 14 and give each other heart-shaped gifts. Also on this day, gifts are given to mothers, since there is no women’s day like March 8 in Finland.
- In Japan, they hold a competition for the loudest love message. Boys and girls rise to the platform and take turns shouting with all their might - whatever they want - to their loved one. The winner receives a prize.
- The British also send messages of love to their animals, especially dogs and horses.
- In America these days, 108 million roses are sold, mostly red, and $692 million is spent on candy these days!
- Hearts for the holiday can be sewn, sculpted, drawn, knitted and even baked.
- The material for making hearts is varied: beads, shells, feathers, dried flowers, pieces of fabric, fur...
- A significant part of “Valentines” are anonymous and without a return address, written with the left hand or from right to left, which adds mystery to the message. But after the holiday...
- Let's get to work. We will need: colored paper (preferably double-sided), scissors, glue, thread, straw or other hard material (wire, cocktail or juice tube). 1. From red paper we cut out two strips 29 cm long and 1 cm wide. From yellow paper we cut two strips 26 cm long and 1 cm wide. From green paper we cut two strips 23 cm long and 1 cm wide. From blue paper colors, cut out two strips 20 cm long and 1 cm wide. 2. Now we connect strips of different lengths and different colors with edges and glue them together. You will get two "rainbows". 3. Next, we connect the ends of the “rainbows” by placing a thread and a straw between them. 4. Now, having pulled the thread well, we connect the other ends of the “rainbows”, also placing a thread and a straw between them. It turned out to be a heart. The straw will hold the shape of the heart; the excess length of the straw needs to be trimmed. But we will still need the extra length of thread - we will make a loop so that the craft can be hung. 5. It's time for the twist. In the middle of the heart, on a thread and a straw, we glue a photograph of a loved one so that the object of adoration is clear. You can post your photo to remind you of yourself. Or you can stick a photo of yourself on one side, and a photo of your loved one on the other side. We wish everyone good luck and love!
- There are two holidays celebrated in February. For one of them, for Valentine's Day, we want to offer this homemade product. After all, a heart made with your own hands and given to a loved one will be even more valuable, and the gift itself will be more pleasant.
- Prepare two “heart” blanks from paper of different colors.
- 2. Cut off the top of the workpieces, as shown in the figure (for one workpiece - on the right side, for the second - on the left side).
- 3. Cut the blanks into strips of equal width (not all the way!). Cut one piece lengthwise.
- 4. Cut the second piece crosswise.
- 5. Interlace the cut halves in a checkerboard pattern. You will get a heart from two closely connected parts.
- Congratulations on your holiday!
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Valentine's Day
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Valentine's Day, or Valentine's Day, is a holiday that is celebrated on February 14 by many people around the world. Presumably named after one of the two early Christian martyrs with the name Valentinus - Valentinus of Interam and Valentinus of Rome.
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Those celebrating this holiday give flowers, sweets, toys, balloons and special cards (often in the shape of a heart) to their loved ones and dear ones, with poems, declarations of love or wishes for love - Valentine's cards.
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Story
The history of the holiday of St. Valentine's Day, as suggested in the 17th century in France by the historian Tillemont, and later in the 18th century in England by Butler and Douce, originates with the Lupercalia of Ancient Rome. Lupercalia is a fertility festival in honor of the goddess of “feverish” love Juno Februata and the god Faun (Luperc is one of his nicknames), the patron saint of herds, which was celebrated annually on February 15.
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In the ancient world, infant mortality was very high. In 276 BC. e. Rome nearly died out as a result of an “epidemic” of stillbirths and miscarriages. The oracle informed that in order to increase the birth rate, a ritual of corporal punishment (flogging) of women using sacrificial skin is necessary. People who, for some reason, had few or no children were considered damned and resorted to mystical rites in order to gain the ability to bear children. The place where the she-wolf, according to legend, fed Romulus and Remus (the founders of Rome) was considered by the Romans saints Every year, on February 15, a holiday called “Lupercalia” (Latin lupa - “she-wolf”) was held here, during which animals were sacrificed. Scourges were made from their skins. After the feast, the young people took these whips and ran naked through the city, hitting the women they met along the way with the whip. Women willingly exposed themselves, believing that these blows would give them fertility and an easy birth. This became a very common ritual in Rome, in which even members of noble families participated. There is evidence that even Mark Antony was a Luperc.
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Saint Valentine and the history of the holiday
In 494, Pope Gelasius I tried to ban Lupercalia. The Orthodox Encyclopedia notes that “it seems more likely that the celebration of this day replaced Lupercalia, the ancient Roman festival of female fertility, which fell in mid-February.”
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At the same time, historians William Friend and Jack Oruch (published 1967-1981) argue that the idea that there was a simple replacement of a pagan cult with a Christian celebration, as was previously the case with Christmas, is nothing more than a guess. which arose in the 18th century from antiquarians Alban Butler, who was compiling the so-called. “Butler’s Lives of the Saints” (English: The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints), and Francis de Sales, based on the complete lack of reliable data about Valentine, therefore an attempt was made to artificially connect the writings of the 14th century with the events that took place in the 3rd century. Scientists Michael Caylor and Henry Kelly also believe that there is no evidence to suggest a connection between modern romantic narratives and the Roman festival.
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Legends of Saint Valentine
In the late Middle Ages in France and England, the life of St. Valentina gradually began to acquire legends associated with the secret wedding of couples in love. According to the Golden Legend, in those distant and dark times, the powerful and cruel Roman Emperor Claudius II came to the idea that a single man, not burdened with a wife and family, would be better off fighting on the battlefield for the glory of Caesar, and forbade men to marry, and women and girls - marry the men you love. And Saint Valentine was an ordinary field doctor and priest who sympathized with unhappy lovers and secretly from everyone, under the cover of darkness, sanctified the marriage of loving men and women. Soon the activities of Saint Valentine became known to the authorities, and he was put in prison and sentenced to death. In conclusion, Saint Valentine met the warden’s beautiful daughter, Julia. Before his death, a priest in love wrote a declaration of love to his beloved girl - a Valentine card, where he told about his love, and signed it “Your Valentine.” It was read after he was executed, and the execution itself took place on February 14, 269.
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According to another legend, the Roman patrician Valentin, who was a secret Christian and also converted his servants to the new faith, once performed a wedding ceremony for two of them. By denunciation or by coincidence, all three were detained by guards. Valentine, as a person belonging to the upper class, could avoid death, but not his servants. Then, wanting to encourage his doomed co-religionists, Valentin writes letters to them in the form
red hearts meaning Christian love. A blind girl was supposed to deliver messages to the newlyweds, but suddenly Valentin himself came to the dungeons and persuaded the guards to release his servants in exchange for his life. Before entering the arena of death, Valentin handed over the last letter, consecrated by faith and kindness, to a blind girl, who after that received her sight and became a beauty.
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Modern celebration
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, on the pages of the “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron”, Valentine’s Day was given a description according to which February 14 was not a holiday, but a day of a kind of ritual, the participants of which felt its consequences throughout the year. In 1969, the celebration of St. Valentine, as a general church saint, was discontinued, and his name was removed by the Roman Catholic Church during the transformation of the calendar of saints, due to the fact that there is no accurate information about this martyr, except for his personal name and the tradition of beheading with a sword.. Currently, Roman -The Catholic Church celebrates on this day the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Equal-to-the-Apostles, educators of the Slavs, and this holiday has become optional.
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In the Orthodox Church, the memory of Valentine, the presbyter of Rome, with whose name the celebration of St. Valentine's Day is usually associated, is celebrated on July 19 (old style - in Old Calendar churches, new style - in New Calendar churches). Peter and Fevronia of Murom were considered patrons of well-being in marital relationships in Rus'. In 2008, the Federation Council of Russia approved the initiative to establish on the day of their memory (July 8 of the new style, which corresponds to June 25 of the old style) the “Day of Married Love and Family Happiness.”
The Legend of Valentine's Day
According to the main legend of the Valentine's Day holiday, Valentine appeared back in 269 AD, when the Roman Emperor Claudius II was preparing to once again conquer and conquer the whole world. Family, wife and other burdens are too distracting from important, state affairs, Claudius believed.
History of the holiday
On the days when the Roman calendar was counting down the last days of the outgoing year, a loving couple came to the young Bishop Valentin. They asked Valentin to marry them secretly, because the guy was a warrior, and the emperor forbade his soldiers to marry.
History of the holiday
On one of the last days of his life, when the young bishop was in prison, the jailer’s daughter came to him and brought him food. But her eyes were blindfolded because... she was blind. Valentin called her closer, put his hands to her eyes, and when he removed them, a miracle happened, the girl regained her sight.
History of the holiday
Before Valentin was executed, he asked the girl to distribute small letters to his friends and family that he had prepared for them while in prison. Among these notes was a letter addressed to a girl, the jailer's daughter. It said: “Be happy. Your Valentine."
Symbols of Valentine's Day
Cupid - son of Venus, goddess of love. It is believed that he can make a person fall in love by shooting an arrow from his bow.
Rose - Venus's favorite flower. Red is the color of strong feelings, and the red rose is the flower of love.
Pigeons - Venus's favorite birds. They do not change pairs throughout their lives and take care of the chicks together.
Heart . Previously, people believed that such a feeling as love is in the heart. Over time, the heart became a symbol of love.
Celebration traditions
The British congratulate not only their loved ones, but also their favorite pets - horses, dogs .
At the beginning of the last century, Americans began sending marzipan to their brides on this day. Sweets with congratulatory words were placed in heart-shaped cardboard boxes.
Celebration traditions
In Britain it is customary to give teddy bears as gifts T eddy postcards
In Italy, lovers give each other “kisses” (soft hearts with chocolates attached to them)
For adults it is Valentine's Day, and for children it is a holiday of friendship.
Friendship is love without wings.
George Gordon Byron
Rules of Friendship
- Help a friend: if you know how to do something, teach him too; If a friend is in trouble, help him as much as you can.
- Share with your friends: if you have interesting toys, books, share with other kids, with those who don’t have them. Play and work with friends so as not to take all the best for yourself.
- Stop your friend if he is doing something bad. If a friend is wrong about something, tell him about it.
Rules of Friendship
- Don't quarrel with your friends; try to work and play amicably with them, don’t argue over trifles; don’t be arrogant if you’re good at something; do not envy your comrades - you should rejoice at their successes; If you did something bad, don’t be shy to admit it and correct yourself.
- Know how to accept help, advice and comments from other guys.
I give you my heart on a white leaf,
I give you my heart, do whatever you want with it.
Walk anywhere
Walk with him everywhere
Draw whatever you want
I won't be angry.
But it’s better not to learn to draw on it,
Let my heart remain pure.
Agnia Barto
Quiz
- Where did this holiday come to us from?
- What is customary to give on this holiday?
- What is interesting about this holiday for children?
- What should we do to maintain our friendship?
Inspired by a high feeling,
Once upon a time
Someone came up with Valentine's Day,
Without knowing it then,
That this day will become your favorite one,
The desired holiday of the year,
What's Happy Valentine's Day
They will call him with respect.
Smiles and flowers everywhere
Confessions of love again and again...
So let a miracle happen for everyone
Let only love rule the world!
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Valentine's Day. The presentation was prepared by primary school teacher Marina Alekseevna Telenkova
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Hi Tom, how are you? Are you already starting to stock up on Valentine's cards? After all, Valentine's Day is coming soon! Now I'll tell you. Hi Mary, I'm fine. Why should I stock up on Valentine's cards? And what kind of holiday is “Valentine's Day”?
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On this day, everyone congratulates each other, but they have no idea what kind of Valentine is and why the holiday is called that. We will fill gaps in knowledge on the history of Valentine's Day.
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February 14 gives us one of our most favorite holidays - Valentine's Day. On this day it is customary to congratulate not only your loved one, but also friends, teachers, parents, everyone who is dear to your heart. Three cherished words “I love you!” unite the whole world. And on February 14 they sound hundreds of thousands of times more often than on all other days of the year. There are many ways to talk about your feelings, if you have them, of course. For example, you can do this in different languages. Greek – Sragapo Spanish – Te amo Swedish – Jag alsksr Polish – Koham cie Italian – Ti amo English – I love you French – Je t’aime Russian – I love you German – Ich liebe dich Ukrainian – I’m shaking you Belarusian – I’m shaking you
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What is Valentine's Day? Every February, lovers across the country exchange candy, flowers and gifts, all in the name of St. Valentine. So who is this mysterious saint? And why do we celebrate this holiday? The history of Valentine's Day is shrouded in mystery. However, we know that February has been the month of romance for quite some time. Valentine's Day, as we now know it, contains a little of both Christianity and the traditions of Ancient Rome. Well, who is Saint Valentine and how did we begin to celebrate this ceremony? The Catholic Church currently recognizes at least two different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, each of whom was a martyr.
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How Valentine's Day is celebrated in different countries. On this day, even the most hardened skeptics feel the approach of spring. Only on this day there are so many couples and smiling women huddling together on the streets. Valentine's Day has just arrived... Officially, Valentine's Day has existed for more than 16 centuries, but holidays of Love have existed since the times of ancient pagan cultures. For example, the Romans celebrated Lupercalia in mid-February, a festival in honor of the goddess of love, Juno Februata. The purpose of the holiday was to find a loved one, and after the celebration many new families usually appeared. The search for the “half” went something like this: during the celebration, young people beat whoever they hit with scraps of animal skins, and apparently, it was especially those who were the object of their sighs that got the worst of it. The “objects,” however, did not particularly resist, believing that this would make them more attractive next year. And in the ancient world, almost at the same time, Panurgies were celebrated - ritual games in honor of the god Pan - the patron saint of herds, forests, fields and their fertility. However, Rus' also had its own Valentine’s Day, but because of the difference in weather conditions, it was celebrated not in winter, but in early summer. It was associated with the legendary love story of Peter and Fevronia and was dedicated to Kupala - the pagan Slavic god, the son of Perun.
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However, paganism is paganism, but the holiday also has a specific “culprit” - the Christian priest Valentin. Valentine's Day has been celebrated en masse since the 13th century in Western Europe, since 1777 in the USA, and since the early 90s of the 20th century here. However, it is worth noting that the Festival of Love is not particularly adapted to our weather conditions, because here in mid-February it is still far from spring, and one does not particularly think about high feelings at minus 10. Well, okay, after all, don’t we lag behind the entire civilized world? Therefore, gradually, the tradition of writing “Valentines” and giving gifts on this day began to spread among us. By the way, the fact that gifts should be given on Valentine’s Day was mentioned back in the 17th century by the court chronicler of the English court, Samuel Pelis. He testifies that on February 14, lovers should exchange souvenirs: gloves, rings and candies. And on this day, a woman can approach any man she likes and offer to marry her. And no man should offend a woman with a refusal, and if his heart is already occupied by someone, he is obliged to give the woman a silk dress. The tradition of giving gifts on this day grew stronger every year and for some it became a fairly successful business. For example, at the beginning of the last century, it was customary for Americans to send marzipans to their brides, which were quite expensive. So we had to get out of it and establish caramel production on the continent.
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The business became especially profitable precisely thanks to the priest Valentin: the “capitalists” began to produce special candies for this holiday with congratulatory words scratched on them, and then also put them in cardboard boxes in the shape of a heart, which was a huge success. In Japan, the tradition of giving sweets on this day also appeared for a reason, but at the suggestion of one large chocolate production company. Valentine's Day began to be celebrated there in the 1930s, and to this day chocolate remains the most common gift. By the way, Valentine's Day there is slightly reminiscent of “March 8th for men,” since Japanese men receive, perhaps, even more gifts than women. Usually these are all kinds of men's accessories such as a razor, lotion, wallet, and so on. Passionate French people usually give jewelry on Valentine's Day, and in romantic Denmark people send dried white flowers to each other. A significant place in the celebration of the Roman Day of Love was given to fortune-telling, and to this day, oddly enough, this remains a tradition of Valentine's Day in Europe. It is believed that it is on this day, February 14, that birds choose a mate, and people need to hurry up and do the same. Girls and boys in England are especially sentimental, because there they believe especially strongly in fortune telling on Valentine's Day. For example, in Britain, on February 14, unmarried girls get up before sunrise, stand near the window and look at passing men. According to legend, the first man they see is their betrothed.
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Who is Saint Valentine? You may ask, who is Valentin? There are many stories, legends and rumors about Saint Valentine. So who is he - Saint Valentine, who gave Valentine's Day to the whole world? They say that there were actually two Saint Valentines who died in Ancient Rome in 269 and were venerated on the same day. Their deeds have long become a legend, and now no one remembers exactly which of them the holiday was dedicated to. What is known is that one of them, the younger one, was a preacher and doctor in Rome. During the persecution of Christians by Emperor Claudius, he was executed. Another Valentine lived near Rome and died a martyr at the hands of the pagans in the same year 269. Much in the legends about St. Valentine coincides and intertwines, but each of them has its own nuance that makes it different from the others: In ancient Rome, there once lived a doctor named Valentine. He was called the "gastronomic doctor" because... he was always concerned that the medicines he prescribed for patients to take had a pleasant taste. To give medicines a delicious taste, he mixed bitter mixtures with wine, milk or honey. He washed the wounds with wine and used herbs to relieve pain. Saint Valentine was also a preacher. And although Christians in Rome were persecuted in those days, he became a priest. Valentin lived during the time of Claudius II, famous for his many aggressive warriors. When Claudius had trouble recruiting new soldiers into the army, he decided that the reason lay in the attachment of soldiers to their wives and families. And canceled weddings and engagements.
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And Valentin began not only to pray for the health of his patients, but also to secretly marry couples in love. Here are a few more legends. In the days when a young Christian - named Valentine - was imprisoned, the Roman calendar was counting down the last days of the outgoing year. According to the Roman calendar, the New Year was celebrated in mid-February. Meanwhile, Valentin ate prison cakes, prayed and knew that he would never see real spring. His prison guard was harsh and hated Christians. One day he intercepted several notes addressed to Valentin, which were thrown to him by the children standing under the window of his cell. The notes contained all sorts of things: congratulations on the holiday, greetings and wishes from the townspeople who knew him. The warden shooed the children away and began to think. His beloved daughter was blind. Who needs a blind bride? The jailer brought his daughter to the imprisoned doctor, not knowing that the grief of the blind girl would turn into the grief of a lover. A miracle happened: Valentin restored her sight, and she fell in love with him. He was soon executed. One piece of evidence of their love remained, a small letter that the young man composed for her, modestly signing at the end: “Your Valentine.” This is not a very funny story. Valentine's Day exists for this reason, so that people remember that they should treat each other with care and love.
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According to another legend, Valentine was actually the first person to send a greeting - a “Valentine”. It is assumed that while he was in prison, he fell in love with a young girl (possibly the daughter of his prison guard) who visited him during his imprisonment. It is believed that before his death he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine,” an expression that is still used today. Of course, the truth in these legends about Valentine is quite difficult to consider, since everything in the stories is exaggerated and described with heroic, and most importantly, romantic overtones. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the Middle Ages Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France
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Symbol of Valentine's Day!!! Cupid is a hero of Roman mythology, the son of the goddess Venus and the most famous symbol of Valentine's Day. This is a mischievous angel with a bow and quiver, who always carries a couple of dozen magic arrows with him and shoots very accurately. Those people and gods who are hit by Cupid's arrow fall in love. In ancient Greece, the analogue of Cupid was the young son of the goddess Aphrodite, Eros. One of the myths tells a tender and touching love story between Cupid and Psyche. Cupid's mother Venus did not like the unearthly beauty of the earthly girl. And Venus ordered her son to punish the mortal, but instead Cupid fell in love with Psyche and made her his wife. But since people are not allowed to look at the gods, Psyche did not know what her husband looked like. Psyche was happy until her sisters convinced the girl to follow her husband and finally see him. Cupid was angry with Psyche for disobedience and punished her: he left the girl, and with him the beautiful castle in which they lived and the wonderful magical gardens disappeared. Psyche was left alone and suffered greatly without her beloved.
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To find her lover, she went to the temple of Venus and turned to Cupid's mother for help. And Venus, who did not love Psyche, decided to take advantage of the opportunity and destroy the girl. Promising as a reward to tell where to find Cupid, Venus gave Psyche impossible tasks, one more difficult than the other. For the sake of her Beloved Cupid, Psyche was ready to do anything! Psyche's last task was to deliver Pandora's Box (which contained the beauty of Pluto's wife) to the underworld. During the journey, Psyche was on the verge of death more than once, but under no circumstances should she open Pandora's Box. But curiosity overcame caution, and Psyche opened it. And instead of the expected beauty, the cunning Venus hid a dead dream in Pandora's Box, which defeated Psyche, punishing her for curiosity. Cupid found his beloved lifeless on the ground. He forgave her and lifted the dead sleep from her. And the gods, delighted with the power of Psyche’s love, made Psyche a goddess.
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Valentines! Well, here we come to valentines. According to an ancient tradition, all young people, boys and girls, can openly confess their love by sending their loved one a postcard decorated with scarlet hearts or some kind of heart-shaped gift, or a red tulip. According to Persian legend, a red tulip grew from the tears of lovers and became an unfading symbol of love. On this day they also give hearts, in our time they are called “Valentines”. The appearance of “Valentines” was preceded by words and songs that lovers spoke or sang to each other back in the Middle Ages. The first written “Valentines” appeared already in the 15th century. But even here there are different opinions about who wrote the first “Valentine” card? According to one version, the creation of the first written “Valentine” is attributed to the Duke of Orleans, who at that time was in prison, in solitary confinement, and decided to fight boredom by writing love letters to his wife. This first "Valentine" has survived to this day and is exhibited in the British Museum. According to other sources, the oldest “Valentine” was recently discovered in a British library. This letter was written in 1477. In the message, the girl asks the boy to prove that he really loves her. She says that she will get her mother to increase her dowry, and he should marry her. This letter was purchased by the library from the British family in whose archives it was kept back in the 30s. It was only last year that one of the new library employees discovered it.
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