Another name is silver nitrate. Silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate 1
Chemical properties
The substance is also called lapis, silver nitrate, "hell stone". Chemical compound from inorganic chemistry, a salt formed by a metal and nitric acid . Molar mass of compound = 169.9 grams per mole. According to their physical properties, they are transparent, colorless crystals, in the form of small rods and plates. It is highly soluble in water and ethyl alcohol . The substance darkens in the light and has a burning sour taste. Silver Nitrate Formula: AgNO3, coincides with the racemic formula. Begins to decompose at temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius.
Chemical properties
Silver Nitrate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid And salts of hydrochloric acid . During the reaction, a white cheesy precipitate is formed Ag chloride , which is insoluble in nitric acid . When exposed to high temperatures, decomposition of Silver Nitrate begins (approximately 350 degrees), releasing metal, oxygen and NO2. During the electrolysis of a solution of silver nitrate at the cathode, Ag, and at the anode there is oxygen. Thus, the substance dissociates into ions Ag+ And NO3–.
Salt is actively used in medicine; when developing film photographs; included in the lapis pencil in combination with potassium nitrate ; upon receipt dioxane , solvents for softening chemicals. The substance is used in the production of batteries, in forensic science, and in the textile industry.
pharmachologic effect
Cauterizing, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bactericidal, antimicrobial.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Silver nitrate causes denaturation of protein molecules by binding carboxyl and sulfhydryl groups, changing the conformation of the molecule. The bactericidal effect of the substance occurs during the dissociation of the compound into ions. When the product interacts with proteins, it forms silver albuminate having a black color. The substance disrupts the functioning of certain enzyme systems in microbial cells. The medicine has short-term bactericidal and long-term bacteriostatic effects. Even a highly diluted solution can have a strong bactericidal effect.
At a certain ion concentration Ag the substance exhibits astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, since precipitation occurs only in interstitial proteins. When high concentrations of the drug are used, loose albuminates and cell membranes and intracellular structures are significantly damaged.
Indications for use
Application of silver nitrate:
- for ulcers, cracks;
- to eliminate small ones;
- in homeopathy;
- for prevention gonococcal infection in infants (2% solution);
- inside, with (not currently prescribed).
Contraindications
The product cannot be used when.
Side effects
Silver nitrate can provoke the development of allergic reactions.
Silver Nitrate, instructions for use (Method and dosage)
Apply externally. Before use, you should consult your doctor and strictly follow his recommendations.
Overdose
Prolonged contact of the substance with the skin may cause deep burns .
Interaction
The substance decomposes on contact with bromides , chlorides , iodides and organics.
Terms of sale
A prescription may be needed.
Drugs containing (Analogs)
Silver nitrate in combination with potassium nitrate is in Lapis medical pencil ; included in some homeopathic remedies.
Name:
Silver nitrate (Argentnitras)
Pharmachologic effect:
In small concentrations of silver, nitrate has an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect, and in stronger solutions it cauterizes tissue. It has bactericidal (bacteria-destroying) properties.
Indications for use:
Used externally for erosions (superficial defect of the mucous membrane), ulcers, excessive granulations (formation of connective tissue at the site of the wound surface), cracks, acute conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye), trachoma (an infectious eye disease that can lead to blindness), for chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (chronic inflammation of the larynx, accompanied by the formation of inflammatory folds and ridges in it), etc. Prescribed in the form of aqueous solutions, ointments, and also in the form of lapis pencils.
Method of application:
Externally, a 2-10% solution and 1-2% ointment are used to lubricate the skin and for cauterization, and a 0.25-2% solution is used to lubricate the mucous membranes.
Previously, it was sometimes prescribed for chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers as an anti-inflammatory drug orally in the form of a 0.05% solution of 10-20 ml (0.005-0.01 g) for adults 15 minutes before meals. A solution (2%) of silver nitrate was previously widely used to prevent blenorrhea (acute purulent inflammation of the outer membrane of the eyes) in newborns. To do this, immediately after birth, the child wipes the eyelids with cotton wool (a separate swab for each eye), slightly retracts the lower eyelid, lifts the upper eyelid and releases one drop of 2% silver nitrate solution from a sterile pipette onto the conjunctiva (outer shell of the eye). After this, the eyelids are carefully released. After instillation, the eyes are not washed. The silver nitrate solution must be fresh (one day old) and not contain sediment. Currently, a 30% sulfacyl solution or other antibacterial drugs are used for this purpose. Higher doses for adults orally: single - 0.03 g, daily - 0.1 g.
Adverse events:
Not found.
Contraindications:
Not installed.
Release form of the drug:
0.05% and 2% solutions and in the form of a lapis pencil.
Storage conditions:
List A. In well-closed jars with a ground stopper in a dark place. Lapis pencils - in polyethylene pencil cases in a cool, dark place.
Synonyms:
Lapis, Nitrate silver.
Compound:
A hard white or grayish-white stick of a conical shape with a rounded top. Contains 0.18 g of silver nitrate.
Drugs with similar effects:
Kerasal Vokadine (solution) Wokadine Wokadine (ointment) Wokadine (vaginal pessaries) Anti-angin
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Chemical formula
Molar mass of AgNO 3, silver nitrate 169.8731 g/mol
107.8682+14.0067+15.9994 3
Mass fractions of elements in the compound
Using the Molar Mass Calculator
- Chemical formulas must be entered case sensitive
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Molar mass calculator
Mole
All substances are made up of atoms and molecules. In chemistry, it is important to accurately measure the mass of substances that react and are produced as a result. By definition, the mole is the SI unit of quantity of a substance. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary particles. This value is numerically equal to Avogadro's constant N A when expressed in units of mol⁻¹ and is called Avogadro's number. Amount of substance (symbol n) of a system is a measure of the number of structural elements. A structural element can be an atom, molecule, ion, electron, or any particle or group of particles.
Avogadro's constant N A = 6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹. Avogadro's number is 6.02214076×10²³.
In other words, a mole is an amount of substance equal in mass to the sum of the atomic masses of atoms and molecules of the substance, multiplied by Avogadro's number. The unit of quantity of a substance, the mole, is one of the seven basic SI units and is symbolized by the mole. Since the name of the unit and its symbol are the same, it should be noted that the symbol is not declined, unlike the name of the unit, which can be declined according to the usual rules of the Russian language. One mole of pure carbon-12 is equal to exactly 12 g.
Molar mass
Molar mass is a physical property of a substance, defined as the ratio of the mass of this substance to the amount of substance in moles. In other words, this is the mass of one mole of a substance. The SI unit of molar mass is kilogram/mol (kg/mol). However, chemists are accustomed to using the more convenient unit g/mol.
molar mass = g/mol
Molar mass of elements and compounds
Compounds are substances consisting of different atoms that are chemically bonded to each other. For example, the following substances, which can be found in any housewife’s kitchen, are chemical compounds:
- salt (sodium chloride) NaCl
- sugar (sucrose) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- vinegar (acetic acid solution) CH₃COOH
The molar mass of a chemical element in grams per mole is numerically the same as the mass of the element's atoms expressed in atomic mass units (or daltons). The molar mass of compounds is equal to the sum of the molar masses of the elements that make up the compound, taking into account the number of atoms in the compound. For example, the molar mass of water (H₂O) is approximately 1 × 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol.
Molecular mass
Molecular mass (the old name is molecular weight) is the mass of a molecule, calculated as the sum of the masses of each atom that makes up the molecule, multiplied by the number of atoms in this molecule. Molecular weight is dimensionless a physical quantity numerically equal to molar mass. That is, molecular mass differs from molar mass in dimension. Although molecular mass is dimensionless, it still has a value called the atomic mass unit (amu) or dalton (Da), which is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. The atomic mass unit is also numerically equal to 1 g/mol.
Calculation of molar mass
Molar mass is calculated as follows:
- determine the atomic masses of elements according to the periodic table;
- determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound formula;
- determine the molar mass by adding the atomic masses of the elements included in the compound, multiplied by their number.
For example, let's calculate the molar mass of acetic acid
It consists of:
- two carbon atoms
- four hydrogen atoms
- two oxygen atoms
- carbon C = 2 × 12.0107 g/mol = 24.0214 g/mol
- hydrogen H = 4 × 1.00794 g/mol = 4.03176 g/mol
- oxygen O = 2 × 15.9994 g/mol = 31.9988 g/mol
- molar mass = 24.0214 + 4.03176 + 31.9988 = 60.05196 g/mol
Our calculator performs exactly this calculation. You can enter the acetic acid formula into it and check what happens.
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The cauterizing properties of silver nitrate are used in medicine to remove small warts and cauterize small wounds. Silver nitrate is used in alternative medicine - homeopathy, as an active ingredient.Silver nitrate is a substance that was known back in the Middle Ages. It was widespread and was especially popular among physicians, chemists and alchemists. Silver nitrate penetrated into all linguistic cultures of civilized countries in Asia and Europe. It is mentioned not only in scientific, but also in medical and fiction literature. In the Middle Ages, lapis was often called the "hell stone." Lapis apparently received this name because of its properties of cauterizing tissue. When cauterizing the skin, lapis causes protein coagulation and necrosis (death) of skin tissue. In medieval fiction, lapis was more often referred to as "hellstone" and less often as lapis.
Basic properties of silver nitrate (AgNO3)
Lapis can cause household poisoning
Clinical manifestations characteristic of lapis poisoning: burn of the mucous membrane of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, diarrhea, drop in blood pressure, dizziness, convulsions, cough with copious sputum, nausea, vomiting of white masses that darken in the light, respiratory failure, anuria and coma.Many may be surprised, but the chemical compound silver nitrate (Argenti nitratis in Latin) was not so rarely mentioned in Russian literature. The hero of Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” Bazarov, died because he did not have lapis on hand in time.
Lapis (in Latin Lapis means “Stone”) can still be found in the form of sticks, ointments or solutions. The lapis pencil or stick has long been used as a disinfectant and bactericidal agent. Bazarov (the hero of the novel) cut himself while opening the corpse of a man who died of typhus. If Evgeniy had immediately treated the wound with lapis, the novel would have had a different ending. But Bazarov got to lapis only after 3 hours and received blood poisoning, which they could not treat at that time.
There are many other (possibly more effective) disinfectants available today, but silver nitrate still finds use in medicine. It has many names: lapis, silver nitrate, hellish (devil's) stone. It is used in the treatment of damage (erosions) of the mucous membranes, ulcers, skin cracks, conjunctivitis and other diseases.
In small concentrations, lapis has an anti-inflammatory and astringent effect, and at higher concentrations it cauterizes. Therefore, when writing a prescription, the doctor will definitely indicate the concentration and regimen of use of the medicine.
Lapis is used externally in the form of 2-10% solutions, 1-2% ointments or lapis pencils. To lubricate the mucous membranes, a 0.2-2% solution is recommended. Previously, this drug was prescribed to adults for oral administration in the treatment of stomach ulcers and chronic gastritis. In this case, it was prescribed to use a 0.05% solution 15 minutes before meals. Today, in such cases, other antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
Of the side effects of lapis, the only possible allergy can be noted in people susceptible to it. However, it is recommended to consult a doctor before using lapis.
The solution should be stored in jars with a ground-in stopper in a dark place for no more than one day; there should be no sediment in it. Lapis pencils (small sticks with a rounded end, white or grayish) are stored in plastic pencil cases (in a cool, dark place). It is curious that a light lapis pencil leaves black marks on the skin.
If you hold a lapis pencil in your hands for a long time, you can get burned. It is possible to use this medicine in homeopathy in the treatment of certain gastric diseases.
Chemical properties
The chemical formula of lapis is AgNO3. Not to be confused with AgNO2: this is silver nitrite, which has nothing to do with medicine.
Silver nitrate is obtained by combining the metal with nitric acid according to the formula: Ag + 2HNO_3 = AgNO_3 + NO_2 + H_2O.
This nitric acid salt is used to detect hydrochloric acid. When hydrochloric acid or its salts react with silver nitrate, the result is a cheesy precipitate: HCl + AgNO_3 = AgCl + HNO_3.
The nitrate solution is used, in addition to medicine, in film photography.
If desired, pure metal can be obtained from this nitric acid salt. To do this, you need to carry out electrolysis of a nitrate solution. The electrolysis process is as follows: an aqueous solution of lapis is poured into a bath made of porcelain, ceramics, plastic (not metal), two electrodes (anode and cathode) are lowered into it, and current is supplied to them. In water, metal salts are present in the form of positive and negative ions. Positive ions (metal ions) will be attracted to the negative cathode, i.e. pure silver will settle on the cathode.
Formulas for electrolysis of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate:
1. 4Ag+ + 2H_2O = 4Ag0 + 4H+ + O_2 + 4NO_3- (complete ionic equation).
2. 4AgNO_3 + 2H_2O = 4Ag + 4HNO_3 + O_2 (molecular equation).
