Heavy bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. Bleeding during pregnancy, causes, treatment, prevention

The outflow of blood from the genital tract during the bearing of a baby is a very dangerous symptom, especially in the early stages. This clinical sign can be the first signal of the development of many pathologies.

What causes bleeding during pregnancy?

During its intrauterine development, the fetus shares a common circulatory system with the mother. This feature is inherent in nature. In the first months of its development, the baby does not yet have its own blood vessels that would provide its body with the necessary nutrients and oxygen. They will appear a little later.

At the beginning of pregnancy, the embryo undergoes a very important process, which doctors call organogenesis. During it, the child begins to lay all the vital organs and systems. During this period even minor impacts can lead to very dangerous consequences for its further growth and development.

In the normal course of pregnancy, bleeding from the genital tract in a woman should not be. The appearance of blood on underwear is a warning sign. In some cases, it may indicate the development of dangerous pathologies that may threaten the development of the embryo.

In the first weeks

The appearance of spotting spotting at 4-5 weeks of intrauterine development of the fetus may indicate its successful implantation to the uterine wall. Usually at this time, a woman may have droplets of scarlet blood on her underwear. This symptom for many expectant mothers becomes truly frightening, as they are not yet aware of their new status.

6-7 weeks of pregnancy is usually the time of the first visit to the doctor. During this period, the woman stops menstruating, which leads her to a consultation with a specialist. After a gynecological examination, the expectant mother may experience slight bleeding or separate blood clots. You should not be afraid of this. This symptom will disappear on its own in a couple of days. In this case, physicians It is recommended to limit physical activity and keep calm.

After intercourse

The appearance of blood at 7-8 and subsequent weeks of pregnancy may be after sexual intercourse. In this case, damage to the mucous membrane of the vagina occurs, which leads to the appearance of a small amount of blood on the underwear. Many mothers are afraid of this symptom. You shouldn't be afraid of him. During pregnancy, you should only choose the most gentle postures used during intercourse.

After transvaginal ultrasound

At 10-12 weeks of gestation, the first transvaginal ultrasound is usually performed. It is necessary to identify pathologies in both the developing baby and his mother. This study is carried out on the appointment of an obstetrician-gynecologist who observes a woman during the entire period of her pregnancy.

After this procedure, some women may also experience bleeding from the genital tract. It is usually mild and disappears on its own after a few hours. In certain situations, an ultrasound examination can be performed earlier - at 9-10 weeks of gestation.

The appearance of drops of blood on underwear after a transvaginal ultrasound is most often an independent symptom. Usually this condition occurs without pain. A woman may only have slight discomfort in the genital tract after the examination. It also disappears quite quickly in a few days.

bubble skid

Bubble drift is a pathology that also leads to the death of the fetus. It is characterized replacement of the embryo with connective tissue. The cause of the development of this pathology, unfortunately, the researchers have not yet found. This condition does not pose a threat to the life of a woman. The fetus dies.

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a dangerous pathology, which is usually manifested by the development of severe bleeding. This pathology usually manifests itself in women during the first trimester of pregnancy. The extreme degree of this condition is a rupture of the fallopian tube where the fertilized egg is located.

The beginning of the development of tubal pregnancy practically does not differ in any way from the usual one, which takes place in the uterus. The woman also becomes positive pharmacy test for hCG, there is heaviness in the mammary glands and there is a change in mood. All these signs are due to changing hormones that begin to be produced after conception.

The peculiarity of this pathology is only that the embryo is not implanted in the uterine wall, but remains in the tube. Such growth of the fetus is not provided for by nature, therefore it does not have further development. This leads to the fact that the woman starts bleeding heavily, which leads to a further miscarriage.

This condition usually causes numerous adverse symptoms in a woman. Some patients even lose consciousness. The intensity of the pain syndrome can be very pronounced. To reduce pain, the administration of painkillers is required, preferably by the parenteral route.

In this case, timely hospitalization is indispensable. Delay in transportation to the hospital can lead to the development of extremely dangerous complications. In the hospital, doctors remove all components of the fetal egg from the epididymis. Quite often, the entire fallopian tube is removed.

"Frozen" pregnancy

Frozen pregnancy is another pathological condition that can develop in early pregnancy. Quite often, it manifests itself in the second or third month from the moment the baby is conceived.

This pathology is characterized by the embryo under the influence of any reasons simply ceases to fully develop. This can be determined using special hormonal tests, as well as during ultrasound.

During the termination of pregnancy, a woman's symptoms begin to change. She feels much less soreness in her breasts. In some cases, she develops pain in the abdomen, which only increases over time. This condition is also characterized by an increase in temperature. Usually its values ​​​​do not exceed 37.5 degrees.

Cervical erosion

Cervical erosion is one of the most common pathologies in the female population. It can occur even in women who have not given birth. Numerous factors lead to the development of this pathology.

Many cervical erosion doctors try to treat even before the onset of conception. Such therapy allows to achieve epithelialization of the mucous membranes and reduce the risk of possible complications during pregnancy. However, this does not always work out.

Many future mothers learn about the presence of this pathological condition in them only during pregnancy. In this case, any traumatic effects can contribute to the release of blood from the genital tract. These include: ultrasound, deep gynecological examination, sex, injuries, infections.

As a rule, doctors during pregnancy with cervical erosion are guided by expectant tactics, limiting the possibility of surgical treatment. If it is impossible to do without such therapy, then it is carried out only according to strict medical indications.

Polyposis

Polyposis is quite common in women. Many expectant mothers neglect the importance of treating this pathology before pregnancy. This is absolutely false! The background changing under the influence of hormones promotes the growth of polyps, which can lead to infection and even separation. Such situations, as a rule, are accompanied by bleeding.

Its severity depends on how large the detached formations were. Quite often, this pathology manifests itself at 11-13 weeks of pregnancy. It is still worth treating polyposis before pregnancy, as this is a rather lengthy process that requires mandatory rehabilitation time.

Phlebeurysm

Varicose veins are another pathology that leads to the development of bleeding from the genital tract. Usually its severity is moderate.

This pathology is accompanied by the development of other causes as well. In some women, varicose veins can also be seen on the legs. Rupture of the thin varicose wall of the uterine blood vessel and leads to the outflow of blood from the genital tract.

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases can also lead to the development of erosive forms of pathologies. When exacerbated, they are accompanied by various types of bleeding.

During pregnancy it is essential immunity decreases, which leads to the activation of many sexually transmitted diseases and their rapid development. Treatment in this case is carried out in conjunction with a venereologist. Drug therapy may be required to eliminate adverse symptoms.

Spontaneous abortion

Spontaneous abortion is another, no less dangerous clinical situation. Usually it proceeds against the background of complete well-being. A woman has a strong pain syndrome, localized mainly in the lower third of the abdomen. The pain can also spread to the anal area, as well as to the thighs. The pain syndrome is usually unbearable. From pain, a woman can moan, scream.

If the bleeding is massive, then she may also faint or lose consciousness. A woman develops severe dizziness, and general weakness is rapidly increasing. In this case, emergency hospitalization is required.

In this case, it is impossible to do without removing the fetal egg from the uterus. This procedure is carried out by gynecologists. After the operation, the woman is given recommendations and prescribed medications.

Symptoms

The intensity of the severity of clinical signs may be different. It largely depends on the situation that caused the development of bleeding. The severity also determines the amount of blood lost.

There are a number of clinical situations where losses become chronic. This usually happens if a woman has any diseases of the reproductive organs.

Many infectious pathologies and erosive processes occurring in the uterus can also lead to the development of bleeding. In this case, blood accumulates between its layers and the future forming placenta. As a rule, in this situation, a woman notices only the appearance of drops of blood on the linen.

Persistent spotting causes her to develop an anemic condition, accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin. This condition adversely affects the intrauterine growth of the fetus, and can also lead to the formation of a number of defects and developmental anomalies in it.

Quite often, it happens that bleeding from the genital tract begins in pregnant women after taking a bath or a hot shower. This leads to a strong expansion of blood vessels under the influence of high temperature.

Various traumatic effects or intense physical exercise can also provoke the outflow of blood. Some women noted that they had bleeding from the vagina after lifting weights.

In some cases, blood on linen also appears when visiting the toilet. In this case, it is imperative to determine the source of bleeding. If blood is released directly during urination, then the cause may be associated with pathologies of the kidneys or urinary tract. Often, an exacerbation of chronic cystitis leads to the appearance of blood streaks in the urine.

Severe bleeding leads to severe anemization of the woman. This is manifested even in the change in its appearance. The skin becomes pale, cold to the touch. Lips turn blue. The area under the eyes and the zone of the nasolabial triangle acquire a gray color.

The woman begins to feel a rapid heartbeat. It's getting harder for her to breathe. This is how the lack of oxygen is manifested, which is caused by anemia that has arisen due to severe blood loss.

When a fetus dies in the womb, a woman experiences pain in her stomach. Its intensity increases every minute. For some women, even taking painkillers and antispasmodics in this condition does not lead to an improvement in well-being. The severity of the condition progresses every minute.

Among young ladies who have nothing to do with medicine, frightening rumors are spreading, like night terrors, which are passed from mouth to mouth in an ominous whisper, allegedly that some women can continue to walk even during pregnancy! At this point, the young ladies round their eyes and skeptically exclaim: “It can’t be!”

Indeed, if we recall the characteristics of a normal menstrual cycle, then during pregnancy this simply cannot be! But bleeding from the genital tract, the same as during menstruation, is quite possible. And you must clearly understand that it will not bring anything good.

Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy

In early pregnancy, the cause of bleeding is the threat of miscarriage or miscarriage itself.

• Spontaneous miscarriage. Perhaps the girl still does not know about the fact of pregnancy, especially if the menstruation does not have a strict cycle, and the delay is small. When there is bleeding, she takes it for menstruation without even thinking. It was in this scenario that our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had early miscarriages in those days when there were no ultrasounds and pregnancy tests in every pharmacy. The body of a woman independently gets rid of pregnancy, which already at the initial stage has some kind of breakdown. These can be some kind of chromosomal mutations, gross malformations of the fetus, possibly improper attachment of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus, and many others. Nature very sensitively controls this process and does not allow an unviable baby to be born or to bear a child of an already sick mother. After all, pregnancy for a woman is a global test of all systems and organs. Where thinly there it will tear, and all the sores that were unhealed and that should have formed in your body in the future will come out. And if a woman suffers from any disease - be it diabetes, an infectious and inflammatory process, and many others, then there is a huge risk that these diseases simply will not allow the fetal egg to develop in the early stages, that's all. This is a kind of natural selection at the level of reproduction.
• Ectopic pregnancy. Normally, the fertilized egg should attach to the wall of the uterus. Her endometrium is like a downy feather bed, into which the future baby descends, sprouts with its vessels and slowly grows and develops. If the endometrium does not look like a featherbed, but like a bench in a cold park, of course, no one wants to fall on it! And the fetal egg is looking for a better place for itself, descending into the cervix (this is the worst option of all ectopic pregnancies, in which there is a high probability of surgical removal of the uterus). But most often, a fertilized egg does not reach the uterus, remains in one of the fallopian tubes, gradually penetrating into its wall. This is because there was an inflammatory and / or adhesive process in the tubes even before pregnancy. Her ciliated epithelium has been damaged and no longer helps the egg to move, the transport function is impaired. The danger of an ectopic pregnancy cannot be underestimated. The fallopian tube is not adapted to the development of the baby, its wall is thin, fragile, and when he tries to penetrate it with his vessels, it germinates and grows, it breaks, and bleeding occurs in the abdominal cavity. If the tube does not even break, then it rejects the fetal egg and external bleeding occurs (from the vagina), this scenario is called the termination of an ectopic pregnancy like a tubal abortion. These conditions are quite serious and to a certain extent threaten the life of a woman. It is for this purpose that you should not neglect ultrasound diagnostics if you find out that you are pregnant. Make sure the fertilized egg has attached itself in the uterus.
• Gynecological pathology. If a young lady in a position is sick with something, then this is necessarily due to her pregnancy. Complete nonsense! Before conception, she, like any other, had her own bouquet of diseases that do not disappear anywhere with the advent of a fertilized egg. Other causes are possible, but most often bleeding is given by:
  • erosion of the cervix (ectopia). She may have been before pregnancy, they just didn’t know about her. Bleeding can be contact (during sexual intercourse) or non-contact. They do not pose a particular threat, but they can add problems to a woman in childbirth when the cervix needs to be opened, and its tissue has already been provoked.
  • . Most likely, they did not know about this before pregnancy, otherwise it would not have happened. A very serious and difficult combination, the preservation of pregnancy is a big question.
• Bubble drift. A rather ambiguous pathology, which, in addition to bleeding, will give practically no more subjective symptoms. After making such a diagnosis (more often according to ultrasound data), the woman is offered to curettage the uterine cavity (cleansing, as it is popularly called), since its further prolongation threatens to degenerate into a malignant process.
• Intrauterine hematomas. Retroplacental, subchorial, extramembrane or some other one way or another pose a threat to pregnancy. They are a section of exfoliated tissue of an already ingrown fetal egg with shed blood. That is, behind the placenta, for example, a cavity filled with blood is formed, and this area gradually grows, exfoliating more and more surface of the placenta. Because of this, the future baby suffers, to which less and less nutrients and oxygen come. The pregnancy may terminate and a miscarriage will occur. Or the hematoma will slowly empty, and the young lady will have bloody discharge from the vagina, more often dark blood, even crumbly. One thing is for sure, a hematoma in the first trimester is a bell in favor of trouble in the fetoplacental system in the second and third trimesters.
• Other scenarios of development, for example, with multiple pregnancy - twins, reduction (death) of one of the fetuses.

Thus, it is possible to formulate the main risk factors for bleeding in the first half of pregnancy:

1. Infectious-inflammatory factor.
2. Anatomical problems (malformations of the uterus - saddle, with a septum, bicornuate, etc., as well as impaired peristalsis of the fallopian tubes and, as a result, tubal pregnancy).
3. Immunological disorders.
4. Violation of the processes of formation of the fetal egg (chromosomal, gene breakdowns).
5. Thrombophilia (congenital or acquired syndromes of impaired blood coagulation).

Treatment of bleeding in the first half of pregnancy

In order to exclude the possibility of developing all these complications, it is necessary to conduct a complete examination and preconception preparation before pregnancy. The main groups of drugs used to treat threatened miscarriage:

• Antispasmodics (Drotaverine intramuscularly or Papaverine in rectal suppositories).
• Hemostatic drugs (Tranexam tablets or injections).
• Magnesium preparations (Magne B6, Magne B6 forte, 2-4 tablets per day for 3 months).
• Hormonal support (Dufaston).
• Systemic enzyme therapy is possible (Wobenzym 5 tablets 3 times a day)

Bleeding in the second half of pregnancy

In the second half of pregnancy, placenta previa can provoke bleeding.

placenta previa

Placenta previa is a pathology in which the placenta is too low and covers the internal os (the place where the uterus passes into the cervical canal). Presentation can be:

• complete, when the placenta completely covers the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe internal pharynx (the worst option);
• incomplete presentation - partial overlap;
• low location of the placenta (placentation), when its lower edge is located below 5 cm from the internal pharynx.

Symptomatically, this can manifest itself as follows: bleeding from the genital tract with scarlet blood, which occurs against the background of complete well-being, for no apparent reason, without pain. Often such women are taken to the hospital by ambulance, because they woke up at night literally in a pool of blood. Such bleeding may recur. But if the diagnosis of low placentation is made in the second trimester according to ultrasound, do not immediately despair, the placenta can migrate up to 32 weeks.

With heavy bleeding and full-term pregnancy, emergency delivery by Caesarean section is indicated. Conservative therapy up to 24 weeks can still be performed on an outpatient basis, in a antenatal clinic, and after this period, mandatory inpatient treatment is necessary. The main groups of drugs:

• Hemostatic therapy (Tranexam, IM 1 g/day).
• Tocolytic therapy (Indomethacin, Nifedipine).
• Prevention of immaturity of the pulmonary system of the fetus from 26 to 34 weeks of pregnancy (hormonal therapy).
• Antibacterial therapy is possible according to indications.

Premature detachment of a normally located placenta

Premature abruption of a normally located placenta is an untimely separation of the placenta. Detachment is the same retroplacental hematoma, only large and threatening the life of not only the child, but also the mother. With a significant detachment, hemorrhagic shock occurs, a condition that threatens the life of a woman. There are well-defined criteria for the classification of detachment:

• mild degree, when the total area of ​​the exfoliated placenta does not exceed 1/6 of the entire area of ​​the placenta, i.e. its volume is insignificant. In this case, the bleeding will be external, from the genital tract, no more than 800-1000 ml in total. In 80%, the condition of the fetus does not suffer.
• moderate degree, when the total area of ​​the exfoliated placenta is from 1/6 to 1/3 of the entire area of ​​the placental tissue. Bleeding in this case will be not only external, but also internal. Therefore, if a woman sees a small amount of red blood on the pad, then most likely the remaining blood simply remains inside the hematoma and slowly exfoliates the placenta from the inside, soaking the walls of the uterus. The area of ​​non-functional, non-working placenta becomes gradually larger and larger, which means that less and less oxygen-enriched blood comes to the child. The probability of death of a child is up to 80%. The condition of the woman herself worsens, she becomes pale, covered with a cold sticky sweat, dizziness, confusion are possible.
• severe degree, when the area of ​​detachment is already 2/3 or more. Blood loss increases to 1.5 liters, and due to internal losses. The uterus is gradually completely saturated with blood. The probability of death of the child approaches 100%. Most often, a woman is already unconscious, the level of blood pressure drops, and hemorrhagic shock occurs. This is an extremely difficult condition, in which it is very important that relatives (!), namely, they will make the necessary decisions, understand that the struggle is not for the life of the child, not for the possibility of future conception, the realization of future childbearing function (with massive impregnation of the uterus in most cases it is removed with blood), but for the life of the woman herself!

Why is there such a formidable complication? There is no smoke without fire, most likely, the pregnancy itself did not proceed as smoothly as it seemed at first glance. Factors leading to premature detachment of a normally located placenta:

• Preeclampsia, or preeclampsia according to the new classification. This is perhaps the most important reason leading to placental abruption, since already from a short time there are structural changes in the walls of blood vessels.
• Inflammatory diseases in the uterine cavity, including after previous surgical interventions (abortions, curettage).
• Malformations of the uterus.
• Attachment of the placenta in .
• Blood diseases (thrombophilia, congenital and acquired).
• Incompatibility of the blood of the mother and fetus by blood group or Rh factor.
• Immunological disorders in the mother's body.
• Post-term pregnancy, i.e., the gestation period is more than 42 weeks.
• Large fetus, multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets), polyhydramnios, all that unnecessarily overstretches the walls of the uterus from the inside.
• Trauma, whether it's a fall of a woman, a blow to the stomach.

Thus, there are a lot of risk factors, but this does not mean that if a pregnant woman has any of them, she will definitely have a detachment. There is nothing absolute in medicine, everything is very, very individual. For someone, even against the background of complete well-being, trouble can happen, and someone walks all 9 months with a bunch of predisposing factors and gives birth quite safely.

Vaginal bleeding does not necessarily indicate any abnormalities in the development of pregnancy. As the placenta grows, many blood vessels form, so it's not surprising that one of these tiny capillaries can sometimes rupture. In this case, discharge or even slight bleeding is possible. About 20 percent of women with normal pregnancies experienced vaginal discharge or bleeding during the first weeks of pregnancy.

In what cases should you not worry. Bleeding, which should not cause you concern, is usually painless, transient, not very heavy, and is not accompanied by other symptoms. The color of the blood is red or pinkish and does not contain tissue fragments.

The three most common causes of safe bleeding during the first months of pregnancy are:

• "Implantation" bleeding. It occurs two to four weeks after fertilization, when the embryo is introduced into the uterine mucosa rich in blood vessels. Such bleeding can be mistaken for menstruation, especially if you have irregular periods.
• Menstrual bleeding. The developing placenta produces hormones that suppress menstruation, but in the first weeks, the levels of these hormones may not be high enough to completely prevent periods. Therefore, in the first and second months of pregnancy, you may experience slight bleeding at the right time.
• Bleeding after intercourse. Bleeding after intercourse is fairly common and is not dangerous.

When should you be concerned. Anxiety should be caused by vaginal bleeding, accompanied by pain or spasms, profuse or non-stop bleeding, as well as brownish blood with clots and tissue fragments. Report these symptoms to your doctor immediately. Such bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. What to do with bleeding. If the bleeding leaves only one or two spots of red or pink color on your underwear, is not accompanied by pain and is not long-term, consult your doctor by visiting during your usual office hours. This is not an emergency. If this type of bleeding begins after exercise or sexual intercourse, stop these activities before consulting your doctor. If tissue fragments (greyish-pink or brownish) come out with blood (red or dark chestnut), keep these fragments in a clean container (plastic bag or jar) and call your doctor. Tissue fragments can help determine if there is an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage, and sometimes the cause of the miscarriage.

If bleeding is heavy enough to soak a sanitary napkin, is painful, prolonged, accompanied by crampy abdominal pain, weakness, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention. Lie down and wait for a call from the doctor. Store the blood-soaked pad and fetal tissues in a clean container.

When talking to the doctor, try to remain calm in order to give him all the necessary information; only in this case, he will be able to determine whether you need medical attention or whether it is too early to worry. The doctor needs to know how the bleeding started (suddenly or gradually), how profuse it is, how long it lasts and what its nature is (blood is bright red, brownish, pink, contains clots), have you noticed tissue fragments, is the bleeding accompanied by pain, spasms or other anxiety symptoms.

In most cases, occasional bleeding or vaginal discharge early in pregnancy is not a sign of trouble, and you will most likely have a healthy baby. If the doctor during a telephone conversation does not find reasons for concern, and you continue to worry, make an appointment with him the next day to get rid of anxiety. The doctor may order an ultrasound to determine if the baby is at risk of bleeding or not.

Sears W. and M. Expecting a baby. Eksmo, 2009

Within 9 months, a woman can constantly face all sorts of difficulties and pathologies. Some manage to bear the baby without problems, while others have a constant risk of losing the child. One of the main causes is bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy. In this article, we will figure out why blood can flow during pregnancy at different times. In addition, we will tell you what can be done in such cases to save the pregnancy.

In the first weeks of pregnancy, there is a high probability of bleeding, and it is especially dangerous at this time, because the risk of losing a baby is 20%. Allocations can be of a different nature:

• they can be smearing;
• plentiful;
• take the form of clots.

The causes of blood during early pregnancy include the following pathologies:

1. Implantation bleeding - in fact, this is not a pathology, it is a common phenomenon, which is manifested by the appearance of a few drops of blood on the underwear due to the fact that the fertilized egg has successfully attached to the wall of the uterus. Some girls confuse this type of bleeding with the onset of menstruation, although there are no pain sensations that usually occur in the lower abdomen.
2. The most common cause of bleeding in the first weeks of pregnancy is the threat of miscarriage. At the same time, blood is secreted profusely, and this whole process is accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen. This may be due to an infection that enters the uterus through the vulva or after intercourse. At the same time, the embryo remains in the walls of the uterus, but only a qualified doctor can determine whether the pregnancy can continue to develop or not.
3. A miscarriage is the most common cause of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. If a miscarriage does happen, then the bleeding gradually ends, the pain subsides. Only a doctor can determine a miscarriage with the help of an ultrasound.
4. Incomplete miscarriage is a condition when there is no longer any chance to save the pregnancy. Tissues and blood clots come out of the uterus, while the cervix is ​​​​open. So that the life of a woman in this case is not in danger, the gynecologist performs curettage of the uterine cavity.
5. Frozen pregnancy - in this case, there may not be blood in the early stages of pregnancy, the woman simply stops having chest pain, toxicosis passes. Bleeding occurs when the uterus rejects the fetus because it does not develop. In this case, as a rule, doctors still carry out curettage.
6. An ectopic pregnancy is another reason why blood begins to flow from a woman's genitals during pregnancy. As a rule, with this pathology, the discharge is insignificant, because bleeding occurs mainly in the abdominal cavity. The woman feels cutting pains in the region of the ovaries. They are so strong that the pregnant woman is in a state of shock. In this case, it is impossible to do without surgical intervention.
7. Bubble drift is the cause of bleeding that occurs if the pregnancy develops incorrectly - the embryo does not develop, tissue grows instead. Why this happens, doctors cannot explain. He does not pose any danger to the life of a woman.

Why does bleeding occur during late pregnancy?

If the blood came out of the vagina during pregnancy for a period starting from the 13th week, this only indicates the presence of some serious problem that urgently needs to be urgently treated. Most often, we are talking about an emergency situation, when medical care cannot be dispensed with. We offer to understand in more detail why blood can flow during pregnancy in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters:

1. Incorrect placenta previa in the uterus - when the placenta is located very close to the uterine os, due to which the muscle layer cannot hold the placenta. As a result, small separations of the placenta begin to occur. A woman notices that she bled during pregnancy, but she does not feel pain. It happens that there is no bleeding at all (during pregnancy, it can only smear with blood during placental abruption), because blood accumulates between the placenta itself and the uterine wall.
2. If the placenta is completely exfoliated long before the birth, although most often it exfoliates partially, it is no less dangerous for the life of the child and mother. This is a very dangerous and rare condition that can affect up to 1 in 200 women who are expecting a baby. In this case, dark blood clots come out of the vagina during pregnancy, and this whole unpleasant process is accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen.
3. If the umbilical cord or the vessels of the membranes of the fetus are torn, then the woman has streaks of blood in the discharge from the vagina during pregnancy. In this case, the baby may die, and doctors most often resort to emergency delivery to save the baby's life.

How to stop bleeding during pregnancy?

1. Before a pregnant woman releases scarlet blood from the vagina, she usually feels a sharp pain in the lower abdomen. At this point, you need to be near the bed or any other piece of furniture in order to lie down.
2. Then you should definitely call an ambulance. Ask someone nearby to put a roller under your feet and give you 2 tablets of drotaverine and valerian to drink.
3. In addition, before the arrival of the ambulance, you need to put a heating pad with ice wrapped in a cloth on your stomach.
4. In no case do not try to douche or wash. It is important for the doctor to see what kind of discharge you have in order to determine why the bleeding began.
5. Place a pad on your underwear, but do not use a tampon.
6. Do not try to stop the bleeding yourself with hormonal drugs.
7. When the doctor arrives, he will most likely offer you hospitalization, which is better not to refuse. You definitely need to go to the hospital to be under the supervision of doctors for some time.

Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy

To avoid bleeding during pregnancy, a woman should take care of her health long before her onset. Of course, no one will give you a 100% guarantee that you will be able to prevent the negative impact of external factors on the development of the embryo, especially since most often problems arise against the background of genetic abnormalities of the fetus, from which no one is immune.

However, precautions still need to be taken. These include:

1. Planning for pregnancy. You must treat any infectious diseases that you have before you decide to become pregnant. Because of them, miscarriages often occur and various defects develop in the child.
2. You must live in a calm psychological environment. Eliminate any stress, depression, because all this has an extremely negative effect on the hormonal background of a woman, on which the favorable course of pregnancy and the health of the child depend.
3. Be as often as possible in the fresh air, walk, rejoice, because this is very important for the emotional component of your health and the normal development of the child, if pregnancy has already begun.
4. Don't drink unfiltered water. If heavy metals or radionuclides enter your body during pregnancy, then all this can have a very negative impact on the health of the child.
5. Do wellness exercises so that you do not have preeclampsia during pregnancy and other problems.
6. Give up any bad habits. Because of them, not only bleeding can open, but the embryo will also develop incorrectly.
7. Do not take medicines that your doctor has not prescribed for you. Reception of any drugs should be coordinated with the gynecologist.

Let your pregnancy be not burdened with complications! We wish you an easy delivery and a happy meeting with the long-awaited baby!

Video: "Blood during pregnancy"

The appearance of even a small amount of blood during early pregnancy should definitely alert a woman. Most often this is due to the development of internal bleeding, which requires urgent intervention from physicians.

However, it must be said that the appearance of blood from the genital tract is not always a sign of bleeding. Let's take a closer look at the possible causes of blood in the early stages of a seemingly normal pregnancy.

Mechanical damage to the mucous membrane of the genital tract

This cause is harmless and does not require any medical intervention. In this case, a drop of blood during early pregnancy appears as a result of examining a pregnant woman in a gynecological chair, for example. The thing is that the uterine pharynx during the bearing of a child is actively supplied with blood. A similar situation can be observed with violent sexual intercourse. As a rule, such a phenomenon is not accompanied by pain, is mild, and disappears within 4-5 hours.

The appearance of blood during the prescribed menstruation

According to the observations of gynecologists, approximately one in 50 pregnant women notices the appearance of small, spotting spotting during pregnancy at the time when they should have their period. According to the assumptions of doctors, the reason for this is the fact that in the short term, at the very beginning of pregnancy, the body does not yet have time to completely overheat, as a result of which discharge is observed.

Similar phenomena are observed for a short time - for 1-2 days, they are practically painless. Some women only note the appearance of some kind of discomfort, which in its severity is very similar to what they experienced during menstruation earlier.

Hormonal failure, as the cause of the appearance of blood at the beginning of pregnancy

If a woman bleeds early in pregnancy, then perhaps the reason for her appearance lies in a violation of the hormonal background. So, due to the influence of various factors, at the beginning of the gestation period, some women may experience a lack of progesterone. This condition causes the lining of the uterus to shed, similar to what happens every month during menstruation. In this case, the process of implantation of the fetal egg may proceed with violations. If a similar phenomenon occurs at a time when the placenta is already formed, it is possible to slow down the development of the placenta.

Is scarlet blood during early pregnancy a sign of spontaneous abortion?

Unfortunately, it often happens that for a short time it happens. If a similar situation develops later, literally 1-3 weeks after conception, the girl may not know anything about the fact that she was pregnant, and regard the appearance of blood as menstruation.

If the appearance of blood indicates the development of a miscarriage, then often this process is accompanied by painful sensations in the lower abdomen of a different nature - from pulling aching to acute paroxysmal. In this case, the release of blood does not occur at once, but is observed for 3-5 days.

What can the appearance of dark blood during pregnancy in its early stages indicate?

When a dark-colored blood clot appears during a normal pregnancy, in particular in its early stages, first of all, doctors exclude such a violation as it can be diagnosed only with the help of ultrasound. When the assumptions are confirmed, the pregnant woman is prescribed appropriate treatment, which is most often carried out in a hospital.