It used to be March 8th. History of International Women's Day
The history of the origin and development of the holiday on March 8 is very entertaining. March 8
March 8, a celebration of expressing love and gratitude to women, has a long history and nebulous origins. Thirst to honor the weaker sex befell yet ancient romans. They usually showed it March 8. Then this holiday was celebrated " matrons". matrons
Surprisingly, but March 8, even slaves were relieved of their duties. Roman women dressed in the best clothes and came to the temple of the goddess Vesta
This holiday arose as a day of struggle for the rights of women. March 8, 1857 in New York workers of clothing and shoe factories gathered for a demonstration. They demanded 10 hour work day, bright and dry working premises, equal wages with men. Women were working at that time 16 hours per day, receiving a pittance for their work. Men, after decisive speeches, managed to achieve the introduction of a 10-hour working day. Trade unions sprang up in many factories in the United States. And here after March 8, 1857 another one was formed - for the first time women became its members. On this day in many cities New York
AT 1910 at the International Conference of Women Socialists in Copenhagen Clara Zetkin made a proposal for
For the first time in the Russian Empire International Women's Day noted in 1913 in Petersburg. In a petition addressed to the mayor, it was announced about the organization " "The authorities gave permission, and March 2, 1913
- the right to vote for women;
about the cost of living.
Next year in many European countries March 8
AT 1917 women of Russia took to the streets on the last Sunday of February with the slogans " Bread and Peace". Through 4 days emperor Nicholas II abdicated, the provisional government guaranteed women the right to vote. This historic day fell on February 23 on julian calendar, which was used in Russia at that time, and on March 8 on Gregorian calendar.
From the first years of Soviet power, public holiday. FROM 1965 this day has become not working
Gradually International Women's Day in the country lost its political overtones.
After the collapse Soviet Union day March 8 remained in the list of public holidays of the Republic of Belarus. International Women's Day is also celebrated in the CIS countries: in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, as International Women's Day; in Uzbekistan as Mother's Day; in Armenia it is celebrated on April 7 as Motherhood and Beauty Day.
Our mothers, come!
We are waiting for you at the festival!
Lots of light and smiles
On this day we will bring you
Moms are the most beautiful!
To buy fashionable dresses,
And everyone had hair!
put on heels, like a fashion model.
We will sing and dance on this bright day for YOU!
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The history of the origin and development of the holiday on March 8 is very entertaining. March 8 - this is not just a holiday of women, but a holiday of women's struggle for their rights. It is possible to treat equality between men and women differently, or, as it is now fashionable, gender equality.
March 8 , a celebration of expressing love and gratitude to women, has a long history and nebulous origins. Thirst to honor the weaker sex befell yet ancient romans . They usually showed it March 8 . Then this holiday was celebrated " matrons." Matrons - women who were born free, married - received gifts from their husbands and were surrounded by attention and care.
Surprisingly, March 8 , even slaves were relieved of their duties. Roman women dressed in the best clothes and came to the temple of the goddess Vesta (Keepers of the hearth).
This holiday arose as a day of struggle for the rights of women. March 8, 1857 in New York workers of clothing and shoe factories gathered for a demonstration. They demanded10 hour work day, bright and dry working premises, equal wages with men. Women were working at that time 16 hours per day, receiving a pittance for their work. Men, after decisive speeches, managed to achieve the introduction of a 10-hour working day. Trade unions sprang up in many factories in the United States. And here after March 8, 1857 another one was formed - for the first time women became its members. On this day in many cities New York hundreds of women demonstrated to demand the right to vote.
In 1910 at the International Conference of Women Socialists in Copenhagen Clara Zetkin made a proposal forcelebration of International Women's Day on March 8, which sounded like a call to all women of the world to join the fight for equality. Responding to this call, women in many countries join the fight against poverty, for the right to work, respect for their dignity, for peace. In 1911, this holiday was first celebrated on March 19 in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. Then more than a million men and women took part in demonstrations. In addition to the right to elect and hold leadership positions, women sought equal production rights with men.
For the first time in the Russian Empire International Women's Day celebrated in 1913 in St. Petersburg . In a petition addressed to the mayor, it was announced about the organization "...scientific morning on the women's issue"The authorities gave permission, and March 2, 1913 1,500 people gathered in the building of the Kalashnikov Grain Exchange on Poltavskaya Street. The agenda of scientific readings included the following questions:
- the right to vote for women;
- state support for motherhood;
about the cost of living.
Next year in many European countries on March 8 or about that day women organized marches to protest against the war.
In 1917 women of Russia took to the streets on the last Sunday of February with the slogans " Bread and peace." After 4 days, Emperor Nicholas II abdicated, the provisional government guaranteed women the right to vote. This historic day fell on February 23 to julian calendar, which was used in Russia at that time, and on March 8 to Gregorian calendar.
International Women's Day March 8from the first years of Soviet power becamepublic holiday. Since 1965, this day has become non-working. . There was also his festive ritual. On this day, at solemn events, the state reported to the society on the implementation of state policy towards women.
Gradually International Women's Dayin the country lost its political overtones.
After the collapse Soviet Union day March 8 remained in the list of public holidays of the Republic of Belarus. International Women's Day is also celebrated in the CIS countries: in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, as International Women's Day; in Uzbekistan as Mother's Day; in Armenia it is celebrated on April 7 as Motherhood and Beauty Day.
Dear parents! We invite you to the holiday
Our mothers, come!
We are waiting for you at the festival!
Lots of light and smiles
On this day we will bring you
Moms are the most beautiful!
To buy fashionable dresses,
And everyone had hair!
put on heels, like a fashion model.
We will sing and dance on this bright day for YOU!
Educators and children of the "Solnyshko" group.
Each of us associates the holiday of March 8 with spring, flowers, beauty and tenderness. But few people know that initially this date had a political connotation, as it is the day when the revolutionaries announced their intention to fight for the whole world. How it was? How did the holiday of March 8 come about? We will talk about this in this article.
How it all began?
Back in 1857, in the city of New York, workers from factories producing shoes and clothes came out to a demonstration. At that time, their working day was a full 16 hours a day, and the wages were minimal, it did not even correspond to the living wage. The workers put forward the following demands: a ten-hour day, improved working conditions (dry premises, new equipment), an increase in wages, the participation of women in And so, on March 8, 1857, hundreds of American workers came out to rallies. This protest march had positive results: employers revised the requirements for up to 10 hours. In addition, the first trade union organizations arose at many enterprises, headed by representatives of the weaker sex.
Where did the holiday of March 8 come from? We say "Thank you!" for this to Clara Zetkin
In 1910, a conference was held in Copenhagen, in which socialist women from many countries participated. Clara Zetkin, in her speech, proposed that the date of March 8 be declared International Women's Day. The idea of the holiday was to show the whole world that women are ready and able to fight for their rights. Representatives of many countries supported this proposal. Since then, the revolutionary Clara Zetkin is considered the author of the idea of \u200b\u200bcelebrating Women's Day.
The first "swallows"
Literally a year after the conference in Copenhagen, at the beginning of spring, Women's Day began to be celebrated in many countries. On March 19, 1911, this date was celebrated in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Denmark. More than one million people came out to the demonstration, both women and men. As a result of these activities, the working women won the right not only to participate in election campaigns, but also to hold leadership positions. In production activities, their work began to be valued and rewarded in the same way as the work of men. In 1912, this event was celebrated on May 12.
History of March 8 in Russia
In our country, International Women's Day was celebrated for the first time in 1913. It happened in St. Petersburg. On March 2, in the building of the Grain Exchange, scientific readings were held, where issues of the right to vote of women and the provision of motherhood were discussed.
The idea of celebrating this date was brought to Russia by the revolutionary Alexandra Kollontai. In our country, she was supported by millions of women who are ready to equalize their rights with the strong half of humanity.
How did the holiday of March 8 appear in our country at such a difficult time for it? In the last days of February 1917, working women took to the streets of cities for rallies. In their hands were slogans with the inscriptions "Bread and Peace". In the same days, Tsar Nicholas II renounced power. The new government, among other promises, guaranteed equal rights for all women and men. This historical event happened on February 23, according to the old style. According to the new time reckoning, Gregorian, this is March 8.
The history of the holiday (as a state holiday) dates back to 1918. This date became a day off only in 1965.
On this day, solemn meetings were held at all enterprises, where representatives of the state authorities presented a report on the implementation of political programs regarding women. The best workers at these events were awarded with awards and valuable gifts. But over time, March 8 becomes just a women's holiday, losing its political meaning.
International Women's Day in the countries of the former USSR
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, March 8 did not cease to be celebrated. It has remained the International Women's Day in such CIS countries as Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkmenistan. They began to call this Mother's Day In Armenia, the date has its own name - Motherhood and Beauty Day, it is celebrated in the second month of spring,
Women's holiday in other countries: traditions
Continuing the theme of how the holiday of March 8 appeared, it is interesting to know how such a day is celebrated in different parts of the world. And the ideas for its implementation are quite unusual. For example, in China, Women's Day is a holiday only for the fair sex. The traditions of this country allow the ladies to walk and have fun, and the men go to work, and after that they also prepare a festive dinner. In Colombia, on this day, representatives of the strong half of humanity are forbidden to go out, so as not to spoil the holiday for women with their presence. In Italy, young ladies gather in large companies and noisily walk in places of entertainment without their soul mates, thus demonstrating independence and self-sufficiency.
How did the holiday of March 8 come about? From the article, you learned that the process of the emergence of International Women's Day was very difficult. But thanks to the courage and strength of women workers, we have the opportunity every year at the beginning of spring to celebrate a good date, symbolizing, in our understanding, beauty, tenderness and love.
Ecology of knowledge: The official version says that the tradition of celebrating March 8 is associated with the “march of empty pans”, which was supposedly held on this day in 1857 by textile workers in New York. They protested against unacceptable working conditions and low wages.
Who took to the streets of New York - textile workers or prostitutes?
Version one, official: "Working Women's Solidarity Day"
The official version says that the tradition of celebrating March 8 is associated with the “march of empty pots”, allegedly held on this day in 1857 by New York textile workers. They protested against unacceptable working conditions and low wages.
It is interesting that in the then press there was not a single note about such a strike. And historians have found out that March 8, 1857 was Sunday. It is very strange to go on strike on the weekend.
In 1910, at a women's forum in Copenhagen, the German communist Clara Zetkin called on the world to establish an "international women's day on March 8". She meant that on this day women would organize rallies and processions, and thus "draw public attention to their problems."
Initially, the holiday was called "international day of solidarity of women in the struggle for their rights." The date of March 8 was summed up under the very strike of textile workers, which in fact never happened. More precisely, it was, but it was not the textile workers who were on strike at that time. But more on that later.
This "holiday" was actively promoted by Zetkin's accomplice, the fiery revolutionary Alexandra Kolontai. The one that conquered the Soviet Union with the “great phrase”: “You need to surrender to the first man you meet as easily as drinking a glass of water.” March 8 became an official holiday in Russia in 1921.
Version two, Jewish: praise of the Jewish queen
Historians still "argue" whether Clara Zetkin was Jewish. Some sources claim that she was born in the family of a Jewish shoemaker, while others - a German teacher. However, Zetkin's desire to connect March 8, with the Jewish holiday of Purim, ambiguously hints at the fact that it was.
So, the second version says that Zetkin wanted to connect the history of Women's Day with the history of the Jewish people. According to legend, the beloved of the Persian king Xerxes, Esther, saved the Jewish people from extermination, using her charms.
Xerxes wanted to exterminate all the Jews, but Esther convinced him not only not to kill the Jews, but, on the contrary, to destroy all enemies of the Jews, including the Persians themselves. It happened on the 13th day of Arda according to the Jewish calendar (this month falls at the end of February - the beginning of March). Praising Esther, the Jews began to celebrate Purim (the day of the massacre of the Persians). The date of the "celebration" was sliding, but in 1910 it fell on March 8th.
Version three, about prostitutes
The third version of the origin of the holiday is perhaps the most scandalous for everyone who is looking forward to the "International Women's Day" with trepidation.
In 1857, in New York, women did protest, but they were not textile workers, but prostitutes. Women of the oldest profession demanded to pay salaries to sailors who used their services, but did not have money to pay prostitutes.
On March 8, 1894, prostitutes again demonstrated in Paris. This time they demanded recognition of their rights on an equal footing with those who sew clothes or bake bread, and the establishment of special trade unions.
This was repeated in 1895 in Chicago, and in 1896 in New York - shortly before the memorable convention of suffragettes in 1910, where it was decided to declare this day "women's" and "international", as suggested by Zetkin.
Clara Zetkin herself carried out similar actions. All in the same 1910, together with her accomplice Rosa Luxembourg, she brought prostitutes to the streets of German cities demanding "to stop police excesses." But in the Soviet version, prostitutes were replaced with "working women." published
International Women's Day (or UN International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace) is celebrated on March 8.
In a number of countries, International Women's Day on March 8 is a national holiday: in China, North Korea, Angola, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia and Uganda.
After the collapse of the USSR, some republics of the former Soviet Union continue to celebrate March 8, some hastened to get rid of the Soviet legacy. In Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Abkhazia, March 8 is still celebrated as International Women's Day.
In Tajikistan, at the initiative of the country's president, since 2009, the holiday has become known as Mother's Day. This day in Tajikistan remained non-working.
In Turkmenistan, International Women's Day was not celebrated until 2008 - the women's holiday was moved to March 21 (the day of the vernal equinox), connected with Navruz - the national holiday of spring, and was called the National Spring and Women's Day. In January 2008, Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov amended the Labor Code and
When asked when the holiday on March 8 arose, history gives several answers at once. The version officially adopted in Russia connects the appearance of International Women's Day with the names of famous activists Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxembourg. However, some researchers find brief references to special women's days in ancient texts belonging to Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece. Whether it is worth taking into account this information or not, everyone decides for himself. This does not affect the modern form of the celebration in any way and does not prevent adults and children from celebrating the most beautiful, tender and joyful day of the year brightly, magnificently and cheerfully.
Where did the holiday on March 8 come from - the history of International Women's Day according to different versions
The spring women's holiday has a rich history and several versions of its origin. According to one of them, the tradition of honoring the fair sex in a special way originated in ancient Greece. It was there that the ladies, led by Lysistrata, first came out against the men and went on a sex strike to stop the hostilities.
In ancient Rome, there was also a special day when men paid special attention to their matrons and gave them valuable gifts, and slaves were freed from any work. All citizens dressed in elegant clothes and in a good mood went to the temple of the goddess Vesta, where they worshiped the beautiful guardian of family values and the hearth.
Some experts associate the history of the holiday with the heroic and wise deed of Esther, the beautiful wife of the king of Persia Xerxes. A wise and beautiful woman, born in a Jewish family, managed to hide her Jewish roots from her husband and, under a plausible pretext, obtained from her beloved an oath to protect her people from enemies and any misfortunes. Her selflessness allowed the Jews to avoid the attack of the Persian army. In honor of this event, on the day of Aidar 13, which usually fell on a period of time from the end of February to the beginning of March, the Jews began to celebrate a holiday called Purim. At the beginning of the twentieth century, and specifically in 1910, when International Women's Day received official status, Purim fell on March 8th.
Another version that tells where the holiday on March 8 came from has a very scandalous and ambiguous connotation. Historical sources claim that in 1857, New York "priestesses of love" organized the first protest and demanded that the authorities pay wages to sailors so that they could pay for love services. The second demonstration of "moths" took place already in Europe. On March 8, 1894, representatives of the oldest profession held a meeting in one of the central squares of Paris. They demanded recognition of their rights on an equal basis with any other working women and insisted on organizing their own trade union, which would defend their interests at the state level. In 1895, a wave of such speeches swept through Chicago and New York. In 1910, public women took to the streets of Germany already under the leadership of the legendary activists Rosa Luxembourg and Clara Zetkin. In their appeal to the authorities, the first point was the demand to immediately stop the atrocities of the German police, behaving too rudely with girls who make a living by selling their bodies. For the Soviet Union, the description of these events was somewhat corrected and the prostitutes were called ordinary "working women fighting for their rights in the harsh world of business and capitalism."
The official version - how the holiday of March 8 originated
The generally accepted official version of the origin of International Women's Day refers to March 8, 1908, when the Social Democratic Women's Organization of New York called on its supporters to take to the streets and support slogans for women's equality. About 15 thousand beautiful ladies marched along the central streets of the city, loudly demanding a reduction in the length of the working day, equal wages with men, and the opportunity to vote in elections. In 1909, the socialists of America declared the last Sunday of February a national women's day and managed to achieve official status for it. In this form, the holiday lasted for four years.
In the summer of 1910, the 8th Congress of the Second International was held in Copenhagen. As part of this significant event, a women's socialist conference was held and Clara Zetkin, speaking at it, addressed the audience with a proposal to establish a single international women's holiday. True, at that time it had a slightly different meaning. It was assumed that on this day, women from different countries would go out into the streets for public speaking in order to draw public attention to themselves and their problems.
In 1911, International Women's Day was celebrated simultaneously in four European countries - Austria, Switzerland, Germany and Denmark. It happened on March 19 in memory of the events of the Prussian spring revolution of 1848. The following year, the holiday shifted to March 12. In 1913, Russians and French women rallied on March 2, Dutch and Swiss women on March 9, and German women on the 12th. In 1914, for the first time, Women's Day was held on March 8 and simultaneously in 6 countries. In the future, this date was assigned to the celebration, which has remained relevant to this day.
March 8 - the history of the holiday in Russia
In Russia, the history of the origin of the holiday on March 8 began in 1913. It was then that Russian women expressed their solidarity with the working women of Europe and on one Sunday in February held their first International Women's Day. The official date for the holiday was fixed only 8 years later, and since 1921 they began to celebrate it always on the same day - March 8th. In 1965, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree according to which International Women's Day became not just a holiday, but also a day off and gradually lost its pronounced feminist coloring.
Today, March 8 is considered a very tender, reverent and feminine holiday. On this day, ladies no longer take to the streets for public rallies and do not put forward any harsh demands to the government. Instead, they accept beautiful, sublime congratulations, flowers and nice gifts from the representatives of the stronger sex. Work collectives host cheerful corporate parties, banquets and receptions, where women are honored by executives. On television and radio, the first persons of the state, deputies and respected public figures congratulate the beautiful half of humanity.
On March 8, men take on the main female duties and free their girlfriends, wives, beloved girls, mothers and grandmothers from such traditional activities as washing dishes, washing, ironing and cooking. The day passes brightly, pleasantly and naturally, and gives each of the fair sex plenty to enjoy the attention and love of relatives, friends and everyone around.
History of March 8 for children and video presentation
In order for children at school to better understand the deep meaning of the holiday, they must be introduced to the history of the emergence of March 8 and in an accessible form to tell what people were the ideologists of the creation of the celebration. In elementary school, it is not necessary to dwell too much on the events of past years. It is enough to briefly explain what rights women fought for and what they managed to achieve over a period of more than a hundred years. A bright thematic video presentation will help to enhance the effect of words. It will slightly dilute the seriousness of the moment and enable children to better perceive the information received.
You can talk with high school students in more detail and, in addition to mentioning historical figures, tell them about modern ladies who have made a successful career and achieved success in business and science, in the cultural field and in art. Both boys and girls will be interested to hear about Russian women who have shown themselves in the best way in professions traditionally considered “male”. This information will inspire the children and serve as an incentive for further learning and development.
