How does medication work. Pregnancy after pharmaceutical abortion

Hello dear readers! In the article we will talk about medical abortion. Describe the procedure for medical abortion. Consider contraindications and possible side effects.

If necessary, terminate the pregnancy using a surgical or medical method. For a long time, the surgical method was the only way to terminate a pregnancy. Surgery carries the risk of various complications. Induced abortion in the form of a surgical operation can cause great damage to health.

In 1977, a World Health Organization (WHO) scientific group issued a report calling for the development of a non-surgical method of abortion. In 1988, in France, after the completion of all tests, the drug "Mifepristone" went on sale. Doctors began to carry out abortions in the early stages with the help of medications.

Used medicines:

production Russia:

• Mifepristone
• Mifeprex
• Pencrofton

production China:

• Mytholian

Made in France:

• Mifegin

The basis of the above drugs is mifepristone, discovered by French researchers. In combination with mifepristone, Postinor, Misoprostol, etc. are used.

The use of tablets reduced the number of possible complications, but did not completely eliminate them.

Whatever the reasons for an abortion, it is important to understand that this is the strongest stress for the body. During pregnancy, all systems and organs are tuned to bear a child. Having an abortion forcibly interrupts the new mode of operation of the body. Termination of pregnancy carries possible negative consequences.

How is a medical abortion performed?

The procedure is divided into several stages V:

1. A complete examination of the patient is carried out. An ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is done, the presence of chronic diseases is diagnosed, possible contraindications to the procedure are identified, and blood is taken for analysis.
2. Medication is being taken. The required dose of the drug is given based on mifepristone, which causes detachment of the fetal egg and death of the fetus. A dynamic observation of a woman by a doctor for the presence of complications is carried out. The patient spends at least two hours in a medical facility. At the end, the doctor gives recommendations for the next step.
3. Prostaglandins are taken. After two days at home, the prostaglandins Misoprostol or Mirolut are taken, which cause bleeding. Depending on the chosen scheme, a specific drug is selected by the doctor.
4. A control ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is performed. On the fourth day, the doctor performs an ultrasound to confirm the completion of the abortion. The results are evaluated. If necessary, instrumental intervention is prescribed.

On average, 3% of medical abortions fail. Doctors are forced to resort to instrumental interventions (curettage).

The success of the procedure depends on the drug, and the individual characteristics of the woman's body.

According to the latest international data, medical abortion is an effective method of terminating a pregnancy up to 14 weeks. Also, international communities have found that the following aspects are not a contraindication to the “pharmaceutical”:

1. uterine scar,
2. twin pregnancy,
3. obesity,
4. breast-feeding.

Contraindications:

• Severe form of anemia
• Possible allergic reactions to drugs,
• Having an ectopic pregnancy
• The presence of hereditary porphyria, a disease with an imbalance of chemicals through which porphyrin is produced in the body,
• taking corticosteroids,
• Diabetes,
• Acute liver and kidney failure.

Possible side effects:

• Nausea,
• Vomit,
• Headache,
• subfebrile temperature,
• violation of thermoregulation,
• Gastrointestinal disorders,
• Dizziness.

Side effects last for a short period of time and are accompanied by low intensity.

The higher the gestational age, the greater the pain during medical abortion and the higher the risk of complications. It is possible to prescribe an anesthetic drug, such as Ibuprofen, No-shpa.

The onset of bleeding basically resembles menstruation and disappears on the eleventh day. Some women bleed more than two weeks after the abortion.

Success in carrying out an abortion with the help of drugs is achieved in 95% of cases.

Recovery

The recovery period lasts on average one month. You need to carefully monitor your well-being. The woman is recommended a good rest. Physical activity and sexual intercourse should be excluded for a while. Baths and saunas should be avoided. Taking a bath, swimming in a pool or open water is also contraindicated. Proper diet and taking a multivitamin complex will help speed up the recovery period.

On the eleventh day after the abortion, another pregnancy is possible. Use of contraceptives is necessary to exclude unwanted pregnancy. A gynecologist will help you choose the most appropriate method of contraception. It is necessary to start protection immediately after an abortion. The onset of re-pregnancy in the first six months is not recommended.

Induced abortion with medication is a fairly safe and effective method of terminating a pregnancy in the first trimester. With information about the advantages and disadvantages of the method, as well as possible side effects, a woman can choose a more appropriate method of terminating a pregnancy. Abortion in most cases is accompanied by psychological problems. To exclude unwanted pregnancy and subsequent visits to a psychologist, you must always remember about contraception. Before you go for an abortion, think twice before making the life-changing and possibly the hardest decision of your life. After a few years, “insurmountable” circumstances that force you to get rid of the baby may seem like a trifle. But your greatest happiness will remain with you. In any case, the decision is yours.

See you in the next article.

Medical abortion, which is carried out for up to 6-7 weeks, is recognized as less traumatic for the female body. This method of abortion is considered quite effective - the result reaches up to 97%, unless, of course, you do "self-medication" and follow all the doctor's recommendations. Some women complain that the pills for medical abortion do not work, let's see why this happens.

The essence of medical abortion

A woman planning to terminate a pregnancy with medication needs to know how this abortion is performed.

For a period of up to 6 weeks, a woman alternately - with an interval of 1-2 days - takes Mifepristone and Misoprostol tablets (their analogues can be used).

• The former stop the production of the hormone progesterone in the female body, without which the further development of pregnancy is impossible - the embryo simply dies as a result of the action of Mifepristone.
• The latter contribute to the fact that the uterus rejects the frozen fetal egg - it is brought out along with the secretions within a few days from the moment the first pill was taken (this period is individual for different women).

Thus, medical abortion is an artificially induced miscarriage. With a properly performed abortion, the mechanical effect on the cervix and the uterus itself is excluded, which makes this method the safest for women, especially those who have not given birth.

However, it also happens that the pills do not work as expected. Results of this:

• the fetal egg is partially removed, because the gynecologist resorts to curettage of the uterus with a curette;
• pregnancy persists, but in this case it is undesirable to leave the child, since taking drugs will negatively affect its further development.

To prevent this from happening, the technology of conducting should be strictly observed.

Why don't abortion pills work the way they should?

The first thing to remember for a woman who decides on a similar method of getting rid of pregnancy is that medical abortion should be carried out with the approval of a gynecologist and under his close supervision. It is very important to follow the sequence of actions and dosage.

To understand why the abortion did not work, let's compare what a doctor does in gynecology and how a medical abortion works at home.

Preparing for an abortion:

• Initially, the specialist will conduct an ultrasound and determine the gestational age, study the history and assess the general health of the patient - the latter is important, since medical abortion has contraindications. It is also important to make sure that the pregnancy is not ectopic, as medical abortion is not acceptable in this case.
• At home.A woman independently calculates the duration of pregnancy. More often than not, this is done incorrectly. Some risk taking abortion pills at unacceptable times. It is also impossible to determine an ectopic pregnancy on your own at home. If you take pills with an ectopic - there will be no abortion.

Important! The possibility of an allergy to the components that make up the tablets should be excluded, as this can lead to a negative result. The same applies to the presence of an intrauterine device - it must be removed before medical abortion.

Calculation of the dose of drugs for abortion:

• In the clinic.The gynecologist accurately calculates the dosage and always gives out two drugs. The dose (200 mg or more) is selected individually, mainly depending on the duration of pregnancy. The woman drinks the first pill in the presence of a gynecologist, who observes her condition for a couple of hours (during this time, the woman will have to feel changes in her body, indicating that the drug has begun to act, and tell the doctor about them). Then the woman goes home. The second tablet is drunk in a day or two - this, again, is determined by the doctor. It causes the uterus to contract, and the fetal egg comes out of it along with the secretions.
• At home.A woman takes as many pills as recommended in the instructions. The second drug is not sold in pharmacies, so the chance that an abortion will take place is no higher than 20%. And the overdose ends up in the hospital.

After an abortion:

• In the clinic.If no miscarriage occurs after a certain time, the doctor takes other measures. A control ultrasound after an abortion is also mandatory - the gynecologist will make sure that everything went well and the uterus was completely cleansed.
• At home. If the abortion did not occur, the woman will only know about it when the fetus moves. It will be too late to do anything.

Important! In no case should you call it yourself - it is quite dangerous and can lead to bleeding. In such a case, as well as in case of deterioration of the general condition, you should consult your doctor.

Why else might medication for medical abortion not work?

Pills may also not work because a woman misbehaves during a medical abortion. So, alcohol and nicotine significantly reduce, and sometimes completely stop the effect of drugs. Therefore, while taking the pills, you need to completely abandon bad habits.

Thus, despite the apparent simplicity and safety of medical abortion, one should not rely on the advice of women who once resorted to it at home or who know about this method of abortion by hearsay. Only contacting a reputable clinic and a qualified specialist will guarantee that medical abortion will take place as expected and without complications.

The preservation of the reproductive health of a woman provides for the gentle conduct of all gynecological procedures. This also applies to abortion. It is known that the earlier the procedure is carried out, the less dangerous the complications. It is optimal to completely abandon this manipulation, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an abortion with the help of medications with a short gestational age.

What is a medical method?

The replacement of a surgical instrument and a vacuum aspirator with hormonal preparations made it possible to develop a method for pharmacological abortion. This is a non-invasive procedure for getting rid of early pregnancy, which proceeds according to the spontaneous type.

Its benefits are related to the following factors:

• efficiency 98-99%;
• no possibility of injury to the uterus or cervix during surgical procedures;
• low risk of ascending infection;
• there is no danger of getting HIV, hepatitis;
• there are no risks caused by anesthesia;
• can be used in primigravida, the impact on women's health is minimal;
• low level of stress, does not create a traumatic situation.

The procedure does not require a long stay in a hospital. After the patient has taken drugs that cause medical abortion, bleeding can be expected at home. But self-administration of medicines without a doctor is impossible.

Which is better, vacuum abortion or medical?

This is decided individually. But the complications and degree of intervention in the body with vacuum aspiration are much higher.

How is the time for an abortion determined?

The terms for medical abortion are determined by the protocol of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 10/14/21015. They recorded that it is possible to carry out a violation of gestation up to 63 days, or the 9th week. But in world practice there are differences in how long this manipulation can be done. In developed countries, the term is 49 days, or 7 weeks of pregnancy.

Why is such a period defined for pharmacological interruption?

At the 5th week of pregnancy, the embryo begins to acquire human features, the rudiments of many organs, the umbilical cord, appear. At week 6, the placenta begins to form, the internal organs continue to develop. At week 8, the embryo is already quite human in appearance, it passes into the fetal stage. After this period, the formation of placental vessels occurs, so medical abortion can cause heavy bleeding.

In Russia, the following drugs for medical abortion are registered and used:

1. mifepristone 200 mg.
2. Misoprostol 200 mcg.

Pharmacological abortion can be used if the gestational age corresponds to the permitted protocol. The main condition for the successful completion of the procedure is the day of pregnancy and the presence of an embryo inside the uterus according to the results of ultrasound. After a caesarean section, the drug method is preferable to.

Preparation for the procedure

At the first visit to the gynecologist, you need to conduct a general examination, a bimanual examination on the chair and in the mirrors, swabs are taken from the vagina. It also measures blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. Next, the woman is sent for an ultrasound scan to determine the exact day of gestation, the condition of the uterus, the fetal egg.

Referrals for blood, urine, glucose, ECG tests are given. A coagulogram is prescribed if there was a history of problems with the blood coagulation system. Additional examination methods may be needed, the need for which is determined by the doctor.

Execution Method

When visiting the obstetrician-gynecologist again, the patient signs a consent to perform an artificial abortion using pharmacological preparations. How medical abortion works is determined by the clinical protocol.

With a gestation period of up to 63 days, 200 mg of Mifepristone is used, which a woman drinks with a doctor. Within 1-2 hours, a doctor's supervision is necessary, after which you can go home.

If the period is 49 days, on the next visit after 24-48 hours, take 200 micrograms of misoprostol. During pregnancy 50-63 days, 800 mcg of the drug is used. This medication should be placed under the tongue, behind the cheek, or deep in the vagina. With the last method of administration, it is necessary to lie down for 30 minutes. The patient should be observed for 3-4 hours. During this period, most begin to bleed. If this does not happen, the Misoprostol 400 mcg tablet is repeated to achieve the result.

Signs of abortion are identical to spontaneous miscarriage. A woman feels a cramping pain in her stomach, menstrual-like discharge appears.

How long does the bleeding last?

In most women, it is expressed and lasts 7-9 days. Blood discharge after the procedure is rarely observed until the next menstruation. If the manipulation is carried out for a period of 3-4 weeks, then bleeding is not much different from menstruation. With an increase in the period, the release of blood increases, sometimes the use of hemostatic therapy may be required.

After 14 days, you need to come for a follow-up examination. This is necessary to confirm the completed interruption. If there was an unsuccessful medical abortion, then aspiration from the uterus is prescribed.

Contraindications

The above medications have serious side effects. Despite the high degree of safety, there are certain contraindications to medical abortion:

• gestational age exceeds 63 days;
• diagnosed;
• large fibroids that change the internal cavity of the uterus;
• infectious diseases of the genital organs in the acute period;
• anemia with hemoglobin less than 100 g/l;
• porphyria - a disease associated with a violation of the metabolism of the constituent hemoglobin pigment;
• bleeding disorders, as well as taking anticoagulants;
• individual intolerance to one of the drugs;
• insufficiency of the adrenal cortex or long-term use of glucocorticoids;
• diseases of the liver and kidneys, which are accompanied by acute or chronic insufficiency;
• severe diseases of other organs;
• extreme exhaustion;
• smoking at the age of a woman over 35;
• arterial hypertension;
• bronchial asthma;
• glaucoma;
• diabetes mellitus and other diseases of the endocrine system;
• hormonally active tumors;
• lactation period;
• pregnancy with or after taking oral contraceptives.

On the recommendation of WHO, interruption with the use of mifepristone is possible up to 22 weeks, but the severity of bleeding increases in parallel with the term. In this case, for the duration of the procedure, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital, where there is a deployed operating room and it is possible to provide emergency surgical care.

Fibromyoma threatens to develop bleeding, but if the size of the largest node is up to 4 cm and they do not change the uterine cavity, then a pharmacological method can be resorted to.

Anemia is also a relative contraindication. The consequences of medical abortion can be manifested in a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin: bleeding after taking medication exceeds the volume and duration of the menstrual period.

Violations of hemostasis are important for the volume and duration of blood loss. If, shortly before the manipulation, a woman was treated with anticoagulants, then an increase in blood clotting time will lead to more profuse bleeding. Smoking women over 35 years of age are at risk of earning thrombosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in order to exclude complications, a consultation with a therapist is carried out.

The use of oral contraceptives for a long time before the onset of pregnancy also affects the hemostasis system. But this contraindication is relative. If the results of the coagulogram do not reveal pathological abnormalities, then this method of interruption can be used.

If the pregnancy occurred against the background of the installed IUD, then it is removed before the procedure. Further tactics do not differ from the standards.

Infection of the genital organs is a pathology that requires appropriate therapy, which should not be delayed. Medical abortion does not promote ascending infection, and acute infection can be treated concurrently.

Mifepristone and misoprostol pass into breast milk. If there is a need to interrupt breastfeeding, then you need to express milk up to 5 days after taking misoprostol. The child at this time is transferred to artificial feeding.

Bronchial asthma, high blood pressure and glaucoma are diseases that respond to prostaglandins. Therefore, in these pathologies, the use of misoprostol is contraindicated.

In addition, the contraindications for each drug should be taken into account. For the most part, they are the same as above. You can only supplement the careful use of misoprostol in patients with epilepsy, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, coronary heart disease.

Possible Complications

Despite the small number of complications, it is possible to determine the dangers of medical abortion. In 85% of cases, adverse reactions in the form of abdominal pain and bleeding are moderate, no special treatment is required.

In other cases, manipulation can lead to the following complications:

• severe pain syndrome;
• profuse bleeding;
• temperature;
• incomplete abortion;
• progressive pregnancy.

Pain in the lower abdomen is observed during the expulsion of the products of abortion. Its intensity can be different, but the individual tolerance threshold also matters. To reduce the pain syndrome, Analgin, Drotaverin are used. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Ibuprofen for pain relief. If the chest hurts after an abortion, this may be due to a high level, which increases with the progression of pregnancy. This symptom goes away on its own.

Bleeding is considered significant if two pads have to be changed in an hour, and this condition is observed for at least 2 hours. In this case, vacuum aspiration of the contents of the uterus is indicated in order to stop it. In severe cases, surgical cleaning is performed.

In 2-5% of cases, the abortion is incomplete. Then it is also necessary to perform vacuum aspiration or curettage of the uterine cavity. Less than 1% of cases end with progression of pregnancy. If a woman insists on an abortion, then invasive methods are used. Those who have changed their mind should be informed about the possible teratogenic effect of drugs on the fetus. But there is not enough data to confirm this fact.

Taking drugs can cause a slight increase in temperature, but it lasts no more than 2 hours. If the fever lasts 4 or more hours or occurs a day after taking misoprostol, this indicates the development of an infectious process. A woman with these symptoms should see a doctor.

Infectious complications are not typical for pharmacological abortion. But there is a group of people who have an increased risk of infectious complications:

• , established by smear;
• patients with a sexually transmitted infection up to 12 months ago, but there is no laboratory confirmation of its cure;
• patients diagnosed;
• women with many sexual partners or low socioeconomic status.

Other complications in the form of dyspeptic symptoms may be a sign of pregnancy itself. Allergic reactions require treatment with antihistamines.

Recovery period

After taking Mifepristone and Misoprostol, there is no failure of the menstrual cycle. But it is difficult to predict when and how long menstruation after a medical abortion begins. The duration of the procedure matters, after an earlier interruption, the recovery of the cycle is faster.

The first menstruation can begin in 30-50 days. But the abortion does not affect the onset, therefore, in the first cycle, a new fertilization is possible. To avoid this, immediately after the procedure, the doctor prescribes combined oral contraceptives. It can be such means as Yarina, Regulon, Rigevidon, Novinet, Lindnet, Jess. The selection of the drug occurs individually.

Protects against unwanted pregnancy in 99% of cases. A positive effect is the regulation and restoration of the menstrual cycle. The minimum period for such contraception is 3 months, but you need to wait for the body to fully recover in order to decide when you can become pregnant. Usually this period is not less than 6 months.

If pregnancy occurs earlier, then this threatens with such complications as:

• threat of interruption;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• anemia in women.

The advice of doctors on how to restore the body after a medical abortion is as follows:

• start taking oral contraceptives early;
• avoid overheating and hypothermia in the first month after the procedure;
• do not visit the sauna, swimming pool, do not swim in open water;
• do not take a hot bath, take a shower instead;
• monitor your health, in the season of colds, avoid crowds of people so as not to get infected;
• nutrition should be balanced, with sufficient protein and vitamins;
• completely give up alcohol, eliminate smoking;
• At first, physical activity should be limited. Those who are heavily involved in sports or fitness should temporarily refuse to visit the gym;
• limit stressful situations and emotional overstrain.

Sex life after medical abortion is possible after the end of the first menstruation. The uterus after an artificial miscarriage is an extensive wound surface with a nutrient medium for microorganisms. Sexual contact is always a risk of infection. In addition, active frictions can cause discomfort or lead to the resumption of bleeding.

Physiotherapy has a positive effect on the recovery process. The choice of a specific method of exposure must be agreed with the attending physician, because. this method of treatment also has contraindications.

If the restoration of the menstrual cycle did not occur within 2 months, you should consult a doctor for an examination and search for the causes of hormonal failure. Unpleasant sensations in the mammary glands, which began to prepare for lactation, may also be disturbing. Therefore, in some cases, a consultation with a mammologist is recommended.

Despite the many positive aspects, honeyboring is not an ideal method. Any intervention in the internal environment can lead to unpleasant consequences. To avoid them, it is necessary to approach the issues and family planning correctly, and not solve the problem after it appears.

Despite the huge choice of contraceptives, the problem of unplanned pregnancy is extremely relevant today. Few of today's families are really involved in planning the birth of a child. It is for this reason that the abortion service is constantly in demand.

What is a medical abortion?

The newest way to terminate a pregnancy is medication, or, as it is also called, pharmabort. It is performed in a non-surgical way, which has earned its recognition and popularity. However, this type of abortion has its own peculiarity - it can be performed only in the early stages, up to six weeks of pregnancy.

Medical abortion: how it works. Basic moments

Due to the presence of contraindications to the procedure and the possibility of life-threatening, medical abortion is possible only under the strict supervision of a doctor. It will help assess the condition of the woman and the absence of contraindications, in addition, when buying a medication, you will be required to have a prescription from your doctor.

It takes place under the influence of a medical drug that stimulates the process of rejection of the embryo and cleansing of the uterine cavity.

General contraindications

The procedure has its own characteristics and contraindications, in the presence of which any type of abortion is excluded, including medical abortion. How the pregnancy goes, the woman's well-being and other features - everything should be taken into account. The procedure is excluded in such cases:

1. With an acute form of an infectious disease.
2. In the presence of an inflammatory process in the body, including in the intimate area.
3. When diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy.

In the case of the presence of one of the above contraindications, it is impossible, and the pathological process is subject to treatment. Otherwise, the risk of complications greatly increases.

Contraindications for medical abortion

There are some contraindications for this type of abortion:

1. Intolerance to the substances that make up the drug. In such a situation, the doctor will be able to advise another remedy that is right for you.
2. Having problems with the kidneys and liver.
3. Serious heart and vascular diseases.
4. Anemia.
5. Breastfeeding, as substances are absorbed into the bloodstream and pass into breast milk.
6. In a situation where for a long time protection was carried out with the help of oral contraceptives, and their intake was stopped immediately before the onset of pregnancy.
7. Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis, gastroduodenitis, ulcer).
8. The presence of a scar on the uterus.

Preparing for an abortion procedure

To successfully complete the procedure, a woman needs to contact her doctor and strictly follow his requirements and advice. At the first appointment, the doctor will tell the woman how a medical abortion works. The patient will need to try to establish the exact date of conception, undergo an ultrasound examination in order to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, and also pass a series of tests.

The patient must report all chronic diseases to prevent the risk of complications.

A day or two before the abortion, you should exclude alcohol and refrain from smoking. Women who smoke more than ten cigarettes a day should be aware that the effect of the drug will be reduced in them.

What is this procedure?

It is carried out in a hospital in several stages.

1. The patient is given to take two tablets of the drug, after which the woman remains under the supervision of the medical staff in the hospital for a certain period of time (from two to four hours). How a medical abortion goes, should be assessed by a doctor. In the absence of side effects, drug rejection (vomiting) and complications, the patient goes home the same day. The drug ("Mifepristone") contributes to the termination of pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for the expulsion of the embryo. It softens, the tone increases, a process occurs, as before the onset of menstruation.
2. After two days, the client returns to the clinic for the next stage. She is on another type of drug (misoprostol) that helps her body get rid of the fetus. The patient is under the supervision of medical staff for at least two hours from the start of the procedure (medical abortion). How the process goes should be assessed by a specialist. After the examination, the patient can go home. At this stage, the fetus is expelled, which may be accompanied by bleeding and pain.

Despite the abundance of contraceptives, abortion remains one of the most popular medical manipulations. Therefore, the development of methods that leave the least damage in the woman's body is so relevant. Termination of pregnancy with pills has been researched since the second half of the last century and in 1988 the first license for this activity was obtained in France. In Russia, medical abortion in the early stages began to be practiced only ten years later.

The essence of the procedure

By taking the necessary drugs in a certain sequence in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 6 weeks), an artificial miscarriage is provoked. This is possible while the fetus is still not sufficiently formed and the fetal egg is poorly attached to the walls of the uterus.

Advantages of the method

Any abortion has a multifaceted effect on the body. Changes occur in the genitals, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and other body systems. How an abortion will be done depends not only on the desire of the woman, but also on the state of her body. But if there are no contraindications, then a medication is offered, the most sparing of the most commonly used.

Comparison of medical and surgical methods of abortion

Among the main advantages of medical abortion, women highlight the ability to stay at home, use in early pregnancy, minimal uterine trauma, lower risk of infectious complications, the absence of manipulations that carry a certain amount of risk and complications (the consequences of anesthesia, infection with hepatitis, HIV, etc.).

Contraindications

If we combine the list of contraindications for abortion in general and specific contraindications for medical abortion, we get an impressive list:

• intolerance to the drugs used;
• inflammation of the genital organs or scars on the uterus;
• infectious diseases;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• severe cardiovascular diseases;
• serious dysfunction of the liver and kidneys, including chronic adrenal insufficiency;
• smoking and age over 35;
• inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with chronic relapses;
• anemia or bleeding disorders;
• lactation;
• long-term use of hormonal contraceptives stopped before pregnancy;
• severe course of obstructive bronchitis or bronchial asthma with the use of glucocorticoids;
• porphyria (hereditary disease, expressed as a violation of pigmentation).

Drugs used for early abortion

A number of tools have been developed for medical abortion, including:

• "Mifeprex" (contains the active substance mifepristone),
• "Mifolian" (active ingredient mifepristone),
• "Pencrofton" (active substance mifepristone),
• "Mifegin" (micronized mifepristone),
• "Misoprostol".

The classic means of medical abortion is used strictly under the supervision of a doctor!

All of them contribute to miscarriage. The active substance of the drug initiates the detachment of the fetal egg from the uterine wall and its withdrawal with copious discharge, similar to menstruation. Mainly used "Mifepristone" on the first day of taking the drug and "Misoprostol" at the next visit to the doctor after 36-48 hours.

The effect of misoprostol is significantly reduced by smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day.

"Mifepristone" breaks the connection of the fetal egg with the wall of the uterus, slightly increases its tone and opens the cervix, creating conditions for abortion. "Misoprostol" increases the activity of the uterus and the egg with the rejected endometrium is removed from the cavity.

Carrying out scheme

The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis in several stages in the early (up to 6 weeks) stages of pregnancy:

Side effects

A third of women endure the procedure with little or no pain. Women who have not given birth, especially those who have previously experienced pain during menstruation, may develop pain syndrome, accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. However, the usual painkillers cannot be used - the abortive effect of the drugs taken in the outpatient clinic can be blocked.

To reduce pain, alternative therapy methods can be used - rest, dry heat, hot drinks. In extreme cases, "No-shpa" or "Drotaverin" are used. The realization that the chosen method of abortion is the most gentle of the existing ones and entails the least consequences should also serve as support in this short period of pain.

Remember that taking most pills for pain during the process of rejection of the fetus can lead to not the best consequences.

Performance definition

36-48 hours after the abortion, a control ultrasound is performed to detect cases of hematometers (blood stasis in the uterus), and after 10-15 days, a control examination and a second ultrasound to ensure the effectiveness of the manipulations and the absence of complications.

Possibility of procedure failure

In 3-5% of cases, partial removal of the fetal egg occurs. In the first pregnancy, the risk of incomplete abortion is higher. It is recognized on control examinations and ultrasound. The consequences are eliminated by surgical abortion.

With an increase in the duration of pregnancy, the possibility of maintaining pregnancy also increases, but the total number of such cases does not exceed 1%. The remaining pregnancy is detected on examination and ultrasound 1-2 weeks after the abortion. In such cases, vacuum aspiration is recommended.

Negative consequences

Any termination of pregnancy cannot pass without consequences for the female body, but medication is the most gentle of all, as it is carried out in the early stages and does not involve surgical intervention that injures the cervix and uterine cavity.

Early

• Stagnation of blood in the uterus (hematometra). They use drugs that enhance contraction and eliminate spasm of the cervix, and if there is no result, the contents are sucked off by vacuum aspiration. If inflammation develops, aspiration is delayed and a course of antibiotic therapy is performed.
• Severe bleeding during an abortion. With excessive blood loss, the likelihood of which increases with increasing gestational age, it is possible to use curettage (curettage) of the uterus.
• Infectious complications are much less common than after surgical termination of pregnancy. To reduce the risk, before the procedure, you need to undergo a bacterioscopic examination.

Late Complications

• decreased immunity;
• hormonal imbalance (most often a violation of the menstrual cycle, less often - weight gain);
• psycho-emotional problems;
• dysbacteriosis of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina (as a rule, is the result of a combination of the above three complications);
• mammary dysplasia.

The best method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is the use of contraceptives. If you happen to resort to interrupting it, then the most gentle way is medication. It has the least consequences in the short term, and it’s not worth talking about the long term, since not only those who have had abortions have health problems, and hardly anyone can accurately determine the past catalyst for current diseases.