Holidays in English-speaking countries. Holidays of the UK
Every year British people celebrate their national, traditional and religious holidays. Many of them are quite old, important and well-known. Most of public holidays in the United Kingdom are known as Bank holidays because banks are closed on these days. They are: New Year's day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Shrove Tuesday (or Pancake day), May Day, Spring Bank holiday (in May), Summer Bank holiday (in August), Christmas Day (December, the 25 th) and Boxing Day (December, the 26th – the day of exchanging Christmas presents). In fact, in Scotland they don't celebrate Easter Monday. On May Day people dance all day long waving their white handkerchiefs to ward off evil spirits. Spring and Summer Bank holidays are really popular in the UK. The British take short trips to the country or to the seashore and have much fun with their families and friends.
Besides, there are some national holidays which are celebrated locally, in separate places. For instance, Scottish people have Hogmanay (or New Year's Eve - December, the 31 st), Burns' night (January, the 25 th) and St. Andrew's day (November, the 30th). Northern Irish people celebrate Orangemen's Day (July, the 12th) and St. Patrick's day (March, the 17th). The national holiday in England is St. George's day (April, the 23rd) and in Wales - St. David's day (March, the 1st). People of Northern Ireland celebrate Orangemen’s Day with parades and marches to commemorate the Battle of Boyne in 1690. Burns’ Night celebrates the life and work of a world-famous poet Robert Burns and his contribution to the Scottish culture.
The British also celebrate St. Valentine's day, Halloween, Guy Fawkes' night (or Bonfire night), Remembrance Sunday (in November), Mothering Sunday (in March), Father's Sunday (in June) and April Fool's day. In the evening of November, the 5 th (Guy Fawkes’ Night) British people burn a dummy of Guy Fawkes who attempted to destroy the Houses of Parliament in 1605. The dummy is made of straw and old clothes and put on a bonfire. On Remembrance Day (or Armistice Day) people wear red poppies in their pockets to commemorate all British soldiers being killed in the two World wars.
Translation
Every year the British people celebrate national, traditional and religious holidays. Many of them are quite old, important and well known. Most public holidays in the United Kingdom are known as Bank Holidays as the banks are closed on these days. These are: New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Shrove Tuesday (or Pancake Day), May Day, Spring Bank Holiday (in May), Summer Bank Holiday (in August), Christmas Day (December 25) and Boxing Day (December 26 - gift exchange day). By the way, in Scotland they do not celebrate Easter Monday. On May Day, people dance all day, waving white handkerchiefs, warding off evil spirits. The Spring and Summer Bank Holidays are very popular in the United Kingdom. The British go to nature or to the sea coast and have fun with family and friends.
In addition, there are national holidays that are celebrated only locally, in certain places. For example, the Scots celebrate Hogmanay (New Year's Eve, December 31st), Burns Night (January 25th) and St. Andrew (November 30). Northern Irish people celebrate Protestant Day (July 12) and St. Patrick (March 17). The national holiday in England is St. George (April 23), and Wales - St. David (March 1). The people of Northern Ireland celebrate Protestant Day with parades and marches to commemorate the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. Burns Night celebrates the life and work of world-famous poet Robert Burns and his contributions to Scottish culture.
The British people also celebrate St. Valentine, Halloween, Guy Fawkes Night (or Bonfire Night), Memorial Sunday (November), Mothering Sunday (March), Father's Sunday (June) and April Fools' Day. On the evening of November 5 (Guy Fawkes Night), the British set fire to an effigy of Guy Fawkes, who tried to destroy the Houses of Parliament in 1605. The effigy is prepared from straw and old clothes and placed on a fire. On Remembrance Day (or Armistice Day) people carry red poppies in their pockets in memory of all the British soldiers who died in the two World Wars.
spring holidays
For the British, the holiday, first of all, has historical and cultural significance. They follow traditions and often believe in the mythical past of significant dates. Holidays in England can be conditionally divided: national, official and unofficial.
Spring in England celebrates:
March 26 - Mother's Day
On this day, it is customary to give gifts, flowers or fresh eggs to your grandmothers and mothers, as well as help them with the housework.
April 1 - April Fool's Day
On this day, the British dress up in comic costumes and play tricks on acquaintances, friends or passers-by.
April 23 - St. George's Day
The history of the holiday goes back to the Middle Ages. When the brave and valiant George killed a terrible dragon that was destroying the English population. On this day in England they raise the flag known as the "Cross of St. George", and the British walk with a red rose - the emblem of the country. Traditional English dishes are prepared at the feast: roast beef, pudding, sausages in dough. The meal is accompanied by cheerful music and perky songs.
Good Friday
Easter (Easter), or Holy Sunday (Easter Day). Easter Monday
The date of the holiday changes every year. It depends on the ratio of the lunar and solar calendars. Easter is a religious holiday for all Christians. It begins with the evening service, then traditionally there are congratulations on the end of Great Lent, and ends with a feast. The main dish, which is a pie (Easter Simnel cake) decorated with marzipans, which symbolize the 12 apostles. Chocolate Easter eggs are another of the attributes of the holiday. The British give them to each other as a sign of well-being. And the famous Easter Bunny symbolizes abundance and fertility.
April 21 - Queen's Birthday (Queen's Birthday)
The British love their Queen and celebrate her day throughout the country, but this is not an official holiday. The official holiday falls on the 2nd Saturday of June - this is the Queen's / King's Official Birthday. It has been celebrated since 1948. On this day, a grand parade of troops takes place, and the celebration ends with a big ball at which all noble people gather.
From May 1 to May 4 - Spring Day (May Day)
In the first days of May, every girl tries to wash herself with morning dew in order to be beautiful. And young people practice archery, which characterizes their strength and courage. The festivities are accompanied by dances and songs. In cities, houses are decorated with flowers and costumed processions are held. This holiday is also associated with the national hero of England - Robin Hood.
summer holidays
Summer holidays in England are especially loved and revered by the people. Of particular note are the August Bank Holiday on the last Monday of August and the Notting Hill Carnival on the last Sunday of August. August day is usually spent in the family circle in nature. Carnival is a street festival that lasts two days. The English put on fancy clothes and go to the fair. There is fun, music and various competitions.
autumn holidays
Although over time, many holidays have become outdated, and their history has changed radically, but, nevertheless, the spirit of glorious England has remained. Holidays in England are shrouded in legends and, what is most interesting, the British believe in them, even if they do not sound entirely believable.
October 31 - Hallowe "en (Hallows Evening)
The holiday is very much loved by all the British. As they believe the night before, spirits, witches and various evil spirits come to our world in search of a victim. In ancient times, they did not go outside on this day and locked all windows and doors. And on the threshold of the house they brought out a plate of fruit - as a gift to dead souls. Now it's more of a noisy carnival performance. The symbol is considered to be the luminous head of the Jack Lamp or Jack-o'-lantern, made of a pumpkin, which is placed on the window to scare away evil spirits. And dressed up in costumes of witches and spirits, children and adults go from house to house and ask for sweets.
November 5 - Guy Fawkes Day
The roots of the holiday go back to 1605. On this day, a gang of Catholics, led by Guy Fawkes, who were dissatisfied with the existing government, wanted to blow up King James I. But one of the conspirators warned his friend Lord Monteagle, who was supposed to be present in Parliament during the explosion. As a result, the conspiracy was revealed, and the bandits were captured. On the eve of this holiday, children make a stuffed Guy Fawkes out of old clothes and straw. They carry it around the streets, selling it for money and shouting: “Pennies for the Guy!”. And in the evening, the effigy is burned on large fires. Many people also burn the accumulated garbage in the yard - as a farewell to autumn. It all ends with fireworks and fun songs.
Winter holidays
The history of the holidays in England is passed down from generation to generation. The British honor their culture and observe traditions. Both adults and small children are directly involved in all the celebrations, getting a lot of emotions and good mood.
From December 1 to December 24 - preparation for Christmas (Advent)
It is famous for cheerful, household chores. The main tradition of these preparations is the weaving of a wreath with 5 candles. Four red candles are lit in turn in the house, every Sunday, during prayer. A white candle - on the evening before Christmas. It symbolizes the coming of Jesus Christ.
December 24-25 - Catholic Christmas Eve or Christmas Eve
Christmas and the arrival of Santa Claus are waiting not only for children, but also for adults. In England, it is customary to put gifts in a sock. As the legend goes: Great Santa, descending the chimney into the house, dropped some coins into a sock that was oared over the fireplace and dried. And in the morning the children found the coins and were very happy with them. That served as a continuation of the tradition. On the eve of the holiday, children write letters to Santa with cherished wishes and throw them into the fire. Houses are decorated with branches and berries. Mistletoe is a symbol of good luck. A man and a woman who meet under a branch of mistletoe must certainly kiss.
The tradition of decorating spruce comes from Germany. Saint Boniface, who converted the Germans to Christianity, traveling around the country, saw how the pagans tried to sacrifice a boy to an oak tree. He was so angry that he cut down a tree with one swing, and a spruce tree grew in its place. Having decided that this is a sign, they began to bring spruce for Christmas. In England, this tradition was introduced by Prince Albert in 1841. He ordered a Christmas tree to be decorated for his wife and children at Windsor Castle. Initially, it was decorated with candles and any items that were in the house. And then they invented garlands and colorful toys.
On this day, children, near the Christmas tree, leave a meat pie and brandy for Santa Claus, and carrots for deer. For a festive dinner, Christmas crackers are served with a surprise in the middle. Usually there is a paper crown, a toy or a holiday joke hidden there. Gifts are usually opened early in the morning with the whole family. A turkey is always served on the table, and for an afternoon snack - the famous Christmas English pudding.
December 26 - Boxing Day
In honor of the holy martyr Stephen, it is customary in churches on this day to open donation boxes and distribute them to the poor and needy. In the distant past, during the celebration, even servants were allowed to go home to be with their families. It's like a continuation of Christmas and another reason to relax after the holiday.
December 31 - January 1 New Year
Celebrating the New Year, the British love to have noisy parties with feasts and songs. There is a tradition that a few minutes before midnight, the head of the family or a dark-haired guest leaves the house through the back door. He takes with him a piece of coal, a slice of bread and a coin wrapped in a small bundle. Thus, it seems to take away the “old year” and bring in the “new”. The messenger of a prosperous beginning of the year must necessarily be dark-haired and in no case fair, since it is believed that a bright person brings bad luck.
After the onset of the New Year, a person enters, slamming the door loudly. At the same time, the whole family meets him with laughter, congratulations, shouts and kisses. The bundle from the previous year is thrown away, and the new one is kept until the end of the year. It symbolizes warmth, food and prosperity in the house for the whole next year.
February 14 - Valentine's Day
The holiday is filled with romance, love, good wishes and feelings. On this day, it is customary to give: flowers, sweets and small postcards - valentines. Legend has it that during the reign of the Roman emperor Claudius II, a decree was issued prohibiting marriage and getting married, so as not to undermine the morale of the army. And the priest and doctor Valentine, sympathizing with the lovers, secretly married them, for which he was executed on February 14. This holiday was celebrated in his honor.
All nationalities have their own national holidays, traditions and customs that are unique to their culture. Holiday events are loved by the inhabitants of every country, they prepare for them, look forward to them, celebrate them with pleasure and part with regret until next year. English holidays are an integral part of the culture of the English-speaking world, a way of expressing themselves, the source of habits and behavior. Often, in order to understand the soul and character of the inhabitants of a particular country, it is necessary to get acquainted with their customs and traditions. Let's look at the most famous holidays celebrated by the inhabitants of English-speaking countries.
Holidays in England
New Year, January 1st. The most important custom of this winter holiday, which is invariably revered by the British, is the tradition of the first guest. If a dark-haired man enters the house after midnight, then the next year will be successful for this family. The guest must bring a coal with him and, without saying a word, throw it into the fireplace, and only after that congratulate the hosts. This custom means that peace and prosperity will reign in the house.
One of the favorite holidays of the British, which is celebrated with all its might. Secret presentation of gifts, making pairs with the help of lots, the exchange of sweets and soft toys - this day of all lovers consists of surprises. And, of course, a wide variety of hearts.
Mother's Day, March 22. An analogue of our March 8th. This holiday has its roots in the Victorian era, when children from an early age had to earn money by hard work, being far from home. And only one day a year they could spend with their family. Now it is a holiday in England, when children give their mothers flowers and touching gifts.
Walpurgis Night, 30 April. Witches' Sabbath or Fertility Festival. According to legend, at this time all the witches gather together and the gates to the country of the elves open. The streets of England are filled with witches of all ages - of course, not real ones, but townspeople in carnival costumes. This holiday also marks the imminent arrival of summer.
Chimney Sweep Festival, 1 May. The British believe that a meeting with a chimney sweep is a very good sign that brings good luck and happiness. Therefore, they are often invited to weddings. This tradition originated a long time ago, from the time when the hard work of chimney sweeps was revered - they were respected at all times and considered noble people.
Street entertainment festival, 12 August. This holiday lasts for several days, the streets of the cities are filled with noisy crowds. Carnivals, parades, concerts, theatrical performances, folk festivals, colorful fairs, competitions and attractions - on this day, few people stay at home, everyone succumbs to the general noisy and cheerful mood.
Halloween, October 31st. Every year on this day, the streets of England turn into a real fairy tale with witches in hats, devils with pitchforks, ominous pumpkins, and other "cute" characters. Children dressed as fairy-tale heroes go home with baskets, and according to tradition, they should be treated with sweets, otherwise there will be no luck.
Christmas, December 25th. A favorite holiday not only for English children, but also for the older generation. Traditionally, all the inhabitants of England hang stockings or socks on the fireplace so that Santa Claus can put gifts in them. If you believe the legend, once upon a time Santa accidentally dropped a gold coin into a sock through a chimney, and since then it has become a custom to hang a stocking on the fireplace on Christmas Eve - what if something falls there?
Holidays in Scotland
New Year, January 1st. In Scotland, this holiday is called Hogmanay, and is celebrated on a larger scale than Christmas. Here, as in England, there is a tradition of the first guest, who must bring with him a biscuit, whiskey or fruit pie. After midnight, the owners open wide the doors of their houses - to spend the old year, and processions with torches are arranged in the streets to drive out evil spirits with fire.
Night of Robert Burns, 25 January. A very revered holiday in Scotland in honor of the popular and famous poet, whom the Scots are very proud of and honor his memory every year. This event is celebrated according to a certain scenario, in national costumes, with skits, poetry readings, songs, dances and a gala dinner.
Whiskey Festival, 3 May. This holiday has no definite origins, on this day the Scots just gather to have fun. Noble alcohol flows like water, and competitions are held with prizes, which are rare varieties of whiskey.
Independence Day, 24 June. As the story goes, on this day in 1324, Robert the Bruce (King of Scotland) defeated the English king, restoring independence in his country. Today this holiday is celebrated "on a grand scale" - with folk festivals, concerts, festivals, national songs and dances.
Bagpipe Championship, 14 August. This event takes place annually in Green Park (Glasgow) throughout the day. Indispensable condition: each participant must be dressed in a national Scottish costume with a mandatory kilt skirt.
St. Andrew's Day, 30 November. The day of the patron saint of Scotland, St. Andrew, the official holiday of the country. It is celebrated very widely: with performances, fairs, music and dances. On the tables on this day there is exclusively traditional food.
Holidays in Ireland
New Year, January 1st. The oldest holiday in Ireland, celebrated mainly in the family circle at the festive table. On New Year's Eve, the Irish, as usual, open the doors for good luck, prepare national dishes (pudding and cumin pie), and wait for any guests who, according to tradition, should bring bread and salt to the hosts. Salutes and fireworks in Ireland, alas, do not happen, as they are prohibited by law.
St.Patrick 's Day. March 17. Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland, so this holiday is considered very important by the Irish. Only in this country it is celebrated on a grand scale and marks the arrival of spring. On this day, residents put on red wigs and green suits, and, not forgetting to grab pots of clover (the symbol of Ireland), rush to the parade, where dances, music and fireworks await them.
Harvest Festival, August 1st. In Ireland, the imminent arrival of autumn is celebrated with the Lughnasad holiday, which means "Lug's wedding." Its essence is gratitude to the gods for a good harvest. On this day, the Irish eat a loaf of grain from the new harvest, kindle fires on the hills, bake traditional blueberry pies and make straw dolls.
Christmas, December 25th. It is considered the most important holiday in Ireland. Children decorate the Christmas tree, hang red socks on the fireplace, leave cakes for Santa's reindeer, adults stuff the turkey and make dried fruit pudding, hang bells and holly wreaths on the doors. And artists of different genres perform on the streets, choirs sing Christmas songs and fairs are held.
Saint Stephen's Day, December 26th. A holiday celebrated only in Ireland. On this day, all Irish boys dress up as chimney sweeps, smear their faces with soot, sing hymns and collect money, which then goes to charity. Horse racing is also held on this day, as St. Stephen is the patron saint of horses.
Holidays in Australia
New Year, January 1st. In Australia, the New Year comes early. This holiday is celebrated boisterously, with musical shows and magnificent fireworks. After the clock has struck midnight, all the festivities are traditionally interrupted by the ringing of bells and the buzz of car horns, after which the Australians continue to celebrate at picnics, rodeos, beach parties, costume carnivals, etc.
Australia Day, 26 January. The most favorite holiday of the inhabitants of this country. Parades and regattas are held all over Australia, in all regions beautiful fireworks take off into the sky. Music festivals, cricket matches, the honorary award "Australian of the Year" - the local population celebrates this holiday on a grand scale. Houses are decorated with flags and balloons, and all Australians give gifts to each other.
Royal Regatta, 9 February. This holiday lasts three days, a huge crowd of spectators gather to watch it. The regatta includes water skiing, rowing, boat racing, sailing and a colorful event where the most beautiful girl receives the title of "Miss Regatta". There are also exciting shows - swimming competitions and performances by sky diving professionals.
Mardi Gras Festival, 24 February. Parade-carnival of people of non-traditional sexual orientation. It is the largest festival in the world, carrying an almost iconic connotation. Every year, crowds of spectators gather at this event to watch dancers in erotic costumes, exotic cabaret, theatrical performances and musical shows. Celebrities from all over the world visit this festival every year.
Harmony Day, March 21. In Australia, it is not so much a holiday as a social event. On this day, every Australian attaches an orange ribbon to their clothes, thereby protesting against racism and racial discrimination. Schoolchildren wear an orange badge and a sticker depicting happy people of different races, while students draw flyers and hand them out to passersby - this is how Australians say "no" to racism.
Father's Day, September 6th. The essence of the holiday is to emphasize the important role a father plays in the upbringing of his child. In Australia, this day is celebrated with great joy, children enthusiastically draw cards for their dads, uncles and grandfathers, make handicrafts with their own hands, and give the most popular gift - a tie. Father's Day is a home holiday where the whole family gathers and arranges exciting intellectual games.
Christmas, December 25th. This holiday is held in Australia in a very colorful and original way. Vendors, drivers and ordinary employees put on hats with deer horns, and Santa Claus walks around shopping centers and takes pictures with children. On the night of Christmas, life on the streets of the cities stops - everyone gathers at the festive table. The traditional dishes of the holiday are turkey, fruit salad and seafood.
Boxing Day, December 26th. The day when all Australians traditionally exchange gifts. What is interesting: if the gift is not liked, then the donor can exchange it in the store for something else. A gift is certainly given in a box so that it takes a long time to unpack it - for intrigue. This is the whole point of this Australian holiday.
Holidays in the USA and Canada
New Year, January 1st. In Canada and in many US states, it is customary to celebrate the New Year in masquerade costumes and masks, which are removed at midnight. In other states, people simply gather with the whole family at the festive table with traditional New Year's dishes. Also, a large number of people specially come to New York to watch a grandiose festive concert with fireworks on Times Square.
Groundhog Day, 2 February. A very beloved annual holiday by Americans. They believe that the groundhog can predict the approach of spring, you just need to observe its behavior. According to legend, if a groundhog calmly crawls out of its hole, then winter will soon end. If he looks out and hides again, then the cold will last at least another month. Very often, Groundhog Day is celebrated with festivals that attract many tourists.
Valentine's Day, February 14th. A traditional holiday in the USA and Canada, accompanied by valentine hearts and chocolates. Recently, on Valentine's Day in these countries, it is customary to give modern gadgets and other practical and useful things. It is on February 14 that the largest number of wedding ceremonies falls.
Grandparents Day, September 5th. This holiday was invented by a housewife from West Virginia. But the Americans liked the idea so much that it was decided to make the holiday nationwide. On this day, the whole family comes to their old people with flowers and gifts to play old-fashioned games and look at yellowed photographs, and grandparents treat their children and grandchildren with sweet pies.
Halloween, October 31st. The most popular holiday in the US and Canada, which is also called All Saints' Day. It is almost a fairy tale sight when kids dressed up in "terrible" costumes knock on the doors of houses with the words "Trick or Treat!" in the hope of getting sweets. Residential buildings are decorated with pumpkins with "burning eyes", figurines of black cats, witch dolls, and other mystical creatures and symbols.
Thanksgiving Day, November 26th. It is also a very popular holiday among Americans. Many traditions are associated with it, which the residents revere sacredly - they always go to church services and gather with the whole family at the festive table. On this day, charity flourishes - gifts are distributed to the homeless and the needy. The most important attribute of the holiday is stuffed turkey.
Christmas, December 25th. For this holiday in the USA and Canada, they prepare in advance - they buy gifts and Christmas decorations, decorate houses with tinsel and garlands. All states are full of festive illuminations and multi-colored lanterns, and the main Christmas tree of America is lit by the president himself. Children, dressed as angels, go around the surrounding houses and sing Christmas carols, for which they traditionally receive sweets and sweets.
There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Years Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, and Summer Bank Holiday. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed.
The most favorite holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in the Trafalgar Square.
Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charities and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold a service on the Sunday. before Christmas.
The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets.
Christmas is a family holiday. All the family usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding. And everyone gives and receives gifts. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas. Its the time to visit friends and relatives.
New Years Day is not such a favorite in Britain than Christmas. But in Scotland Hogmanay, New Years Eve is the biggest festival of the year.
Besides public holidays, there are some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on the 5th of November. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The King's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head.
Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, in a bonfire and let off fireworks. This dummy is called a "guy" (like Guy Fawkes).
Translation:
The UK has fewer public holidays than other European countries. These are Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Summer Bank Holiday. Public holidays in the UK are called bank holidays because banks are closed in the same way as most offices and shops.
The most favorite holiday is Christmas. Every year, the people of Norway give London a gift. It's a big Christmas tree and it's in Trafalgar Square.
Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They raise money for charity and sing traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold services on the Sunday before Christmas.
The celebration begins earlier, on the evening of December 24th. Traditionally, this is the day when people decorate their Christmas trees. Children hang stockings near their beds, hoping that Santa Claus will come down through the chimney at night and fill them with toys and candy.
Christmas is a family holiday. The whole family usually meets for a big Christmas dinner with turkey and Christmas pudding. Everyone gives and receives gifts. December 26th, Boxing Day, an additional holiday after Christmas. This is the time to visit friends and relatives.
New Year's Eve is not as popular in the UK as Christmas. But in Scotland, Hogmenay, New Year's Eve, is the biggest holiday of the year.
In addition to public holidays in the UK, there are several special holidays. One of them is celebrated on November 5th. On this day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He failed. The king's guards found the bomb, imprisoned Guy Fawkes in the Tower and cut off his head.
Since that day, the British have been celebrating November 5th. They burn an effigy made of straw and old clothes at the stake and set off fireworks. This doll is called "guy" (like Guy Fawkes).
