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Types of fabrics and their characteristics. List of natural fabrics and their scope of use

With the arrival of the cold season, the wardrobe is replenished with outerwear, including a wide variety of coats, down jackets, waterproof raincoats, various jackets and windbreakers.

For sewing coats and jackets, fabrics such as cashmere, boucle, tweed, Boston, broadcloth, wool, gabardine, suede, leather, raincoat fabric, drape and other fabrics are used.

Bolonia, nylon, denim, and raincoat fabrics are used for raincoats and various types of windbreakers.

Natural or faux fur is ideal for fur coats. Nerpa is one of the varieties of artificial fur. A product made from it will be distinguished by its warmth, comfort and special glamor.

Main characteristics of fabrics for sewing outerwear

Cashmere- lightweight soft fabric made from pure wool. The method of production is diagonal weaving. Outerwear made from cashmere is distinguished by its practicality, warmth and comfort.

Gabardine- wool fabric made from fine merino yarn. A small scar with a slope, which is clearly visible on the surface of the fabric, is formed as a result of complex weaving of threads. Products made from gabardine are highly wear-resistant. Currently, the composition of gabardine is wool, wool blend, synthetic, silk and cotton.

Suede- is a type of leather, it is very thin and soft to the touch, and does not show through. Its surface is waterproof and velvety.

Nylon- synthetic fiber with good resistance to deformation and stretching, and also has high strength and wear resistance.

Eco-leather- is a material with a porous or monolithic coating made on a cotton or polyester base. Special methods of drawing and embossing completely imitate genuine leather, and products made from this material are distinguished by their sophistication and durability.

Raincoat- the material is made from mixed threads of cotton fabric. The fabric is very resistant to rain, sun and wind.

Drape- a type of soft woolen fabric that has a smooth surface with a felt-like covering. Drape can be single-faced or double-faced, smooth or piled. Women's and men's coats are made from this material.

Cloth- dense woolen fabric with a pile surface and a slight shine. In the production of cloth, wool fiber is matted with other fibers, after which the pile is well cut and pressed. Products made from cloth do not get wet for a long time, protect from the wind and keep their shape well.

Twill- a material made from wool or silk threads with a twill weave. Wool twill is used for outerwear, and silk twill is ideal for lining.

Cheviot- a type of cloth with a twill weave, which is produced by felting and shearing. Very rough to the touch. The material is used to make different types of outerwear.

Duspo- durable jacket fabric, not rustling and pleasant to the touch. It can have a soft velvety, glossy or pearlescent surface with a relief structure and bright patterns. The material has excellent water-repellent properties, is windproof and durable. It also retains its color even after repeated washings. Dyuspo is used when sewing outerwear with a simple and complex cut.

Rey-dyuspo- a thinner material, unlike the classic look, and is used to make stylish designer clothes.

Membrane fabric- has a special membrane coating that repels moisture well from the surface, resists wind, while retaining heat and allowing body evaporation to pass through.

Taslan- made from polyamide nylon fibers with rep weave, due to which a small scar is formed on the surface of the material. The reverse side has a porous waterproof coating. Taslan is pleasant to the touch, light and durable at the same time. The material is resistant to wear and deformation, repels dirt and water, dries quickly and is easy to clean at home. It is used for sewing children's and adult outerwear, down jackets, overalls, jackets, windbreakers, raincoats and other products.

Hi-Max- the densest type of raincoat fabric, which, thanks to the increased thread density, provides reliable protection from rain and wind.

Oxford- durable camouflage, polyamide fabric made from chemical fibers of polyester or nylon with a special waterproof coating.

Nylon oxford is durable and elastic, resistant to abrasion and chemicals. It has increased electrolyzability and low light and heat stability.

Polyester oxford is not inferior in quality to nylon, but is several times more resistant to light and temperature fluctuations.

Oxford RIPSTOP - contains a profiled thread, which has a value indicated in deinir (DEN). The higher the DEN, the more pronounced the structure of the fabric and the thicker the thread used in its production.

Hipora- is a membrane microporous material, the structure of which does not allow moisture to pass through, and during increased physical activity it removes body evaporation and thereby creates a feeling of comfort. This fabric combines vapor permeability, water and wind resistance.

Cordure- this is a type of fabric made using special high technology with an original weave structure of nylon threads of different thicknesses. The fabric is resistant to various mechanical influences and has double resistance to friction. It can be reinforced to increase strength. Used for sewing backpacks and bags.

Gold or silver fabric with herbs and stains, dense and fleecy, like velvet. To withstand the weight of gold (or silver) threads, the fabric was formed from six threads - two warp and four weft. The pattern on the fabric was made using twisted gold thread.

Acrylic is a paper synthetic fiber with a number of proven high qualities. Dimension-resistant, moth-proof.

Altabas is a thick silk fabric with ornaments or a background made of gold or silver thread, a type of brocade. Altabas was valued very highly and was used for the needs of the royal court and church.

Alpaca is a lightweight fabric made from alpaca llama wool using the plain or twill weave technique, as well as the wool of the domestic animal of the same name. Alpacas are raised in Bolivia and Peru. The wool is soft, thin, with a silky sheen, very valuable.

Afgalen is a woolen fabric with a characteristic, lighter (compared to the general background) stripe at the base (lobar). Alternating stripes (light and darkish - shadow) form a typical, shaded pattern with superimposed shadows by intertwining two threads at the base. The fabric is light, sometimes medium-heavy, usually plain-dyed or variegated. Ladies' coats are made from it.

Acetate - viscose with an acetate base. The fabric is light and smooth. Easy to wash, shape-resistant.

B

Fleece is a soft, dense cotton or wool fabric with thick combed pile. Warm underwear, women's or children's clothing, pajamas, and home clothes are sewn from cotton flannel. The story is also used to make light blankets. A woolen bike is used to sew a demi-season coat.
Barège is an airy silk fabric on a cotton base for scarves, veils, etc.
Batiste is a cotton fabric that is soft, dense, light and delicate to the touch, which is produced in a plain weave from very fine combed yarn in the warp and weft. Children's and ladies' underwear, blouses, and dresses are made from cambric; cambric is used on handkerchiefs.
Biflex
Buret is a single-color silk fabric, characterized by a rough, hard, uneven surface to the touch, without shine, heavy, usually of a natural color. Ladies' suits, blouses, dresses, coats, and sportswear are made from it.

IN

G

D

Damascus (fabric) - damask fabric, often damask silk. Originally intended for church vestments and furniture upholstery. Then just some lighter types for clothing. Today, damask fabric is called silk, wool or cotton fabric of plain or copra weave, sometimes in combination with satin with a characteristic pattern.
Devore is a fabric with a pattern obtained by burning (chemical etching) of part of the fibers.
Demikoton is a very dense and stiff fabric of double satin weave, for middle class outerwear
Sackcloth - coarse linen fabric made from hemp
Denim, jeans, (denim)
Jersey is a woolen (most often) knitted fabric.
Jute fabric
Diagonal
Diftin
Dradedam - piled woolen fabric, cheap cloth
Double
Haze - transparent silk fabric
Duchess

AND

Jacquard is a dense fabric with a large pattern. With this woven weave technology, a raised pattern is woven into the warp. The number of threads of both warp and weft can reach several hundred; the fabric is made on special jacquard looms.
Georgette is a woolen, light, very thin, translucent fabric that feels harsh to the touch. It is produced by plain weave (the thread density in the warp is much higher than in the weft). Available plain-dyed and printed. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette. Ladies' elegant dresses and blouses are made from georgette.

Z

Zarbaf, isorbaf
Marshmallow is a cotton fabric with characteristic narrow longitudinal stripes, called prosnovki, which are formed by thickened warp threads or colored threads.

AND

Izgrebina - coarse fabric made from the remains of tow or linen

TO

Kazinet - cotton or wool single-color fabric for inexpensive outerwear, cheap uniforms
Kamlot - ancient dense dark wool or cotton fabric, coarse, diagonal weave
Kanafas (linen) - cotton fabric, finely patterned at the base, usually light blue, pink, yellow, green and soft purple. The fabric is produced using jacquard weave. It is used to make bed linen, underwear, and clothing.
Worsted - WORSTED FABRICS (combed fabrics) - woolen and half-woolen fabrics made from yarn of the combed (worsted) spinning method.
Keper - coarse cotton or linen fabric; texture of the material - diagonal stripes (similar to gabardine or corduroy).
Kisey (muslin) - an extremely light, transparent plain weave paper fabric
Chinese (fabric) - blue cotton fabric
Cloquet is a wool or silk fabric, plain-dyed, with an unevenly fleecy surface. The fabric is easily wrinkled, which contributes to its rapid wear and deformation. This fabric is used to make elegant dresses and ladies' summer coats. Silk cloque is recommended for elegant women's dresses, weekend dresses for special occasions for young girls.
Calico - plain weave cotton fabric, for linen, trim, lining
Kolomyanka - variegated woolen homespun fabric; or single-color factory linen, usually in a light shade.
Cord is woolen fabric, medium-heavy, dense to the touch, durable. The surface of the fabric is slightly fleecy, with a clearly defined weaving in the form of scars. It is made from thin carded twisted yarn (like floss). Ladies' suits, raincoats, and men's clothing are made from this fabric.
Cordura (CORDURA®) is a synthetic, wear-resistant, water-repellent material.
Crepe is a silk fabric, usually plain. Thanks to special processing, it has a rough surface, as if with tubercles.
- Crepe de Chine is a silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained due to the use of alternate left- and right-twist crepe in the weft. The fabric is produced using plain weave from raw silk in the warp and crepe in the weft; it can be plain dyed and printed. Blouses, dresses, and shawls are made from crepe de Chine.
- Crepe georgette is a silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de Chine. It is produced by plain weave, from crepe in the warp and weft, and is distinguished by its rigidity, elasticity, and flowability. Dresses, blouses are sewn from this fabric, and used for decoration.
- Crepe chiffon is a fabric belonging to the crepe subgroup of the group of fabrics made from natural silk threads, produced by plain weave from twisted crepe silk in the warp and weft (surface density - 25 g/m²). Crepe chiffon is characterized by a matte surface.
- Crepe-satin is a silk fabric that belongs to the group of fabrics made from artificial threads and is a satin weave fabric with a smooth shiny front side and a matte back with a crepe effect (surface density - 250 g/m²). Both sides can be used as front sides.
Creton is a cotton fabric made from threads dyed in different colors, giving a geometric pattern. Used for upholstery and draperies.
Krul - woolen, medium-heavy fabric, soft to the touch; The texture of the fabric is embossed, with knots and spirals. Ladies' suits and raincoats are made from this fabric.
Crash (Crinkle) - crinkled fabric. Long-lasting folds, wrinkles and creases that are created on the fabric due to prolonged exposure to the press. To make crash fabric, thin or synthetic materials are used. On such fabrics, creases last a long time and do not straighten out.
Kumach - red cotton fabric
Cupro is viscose with copper-ammonia fibers. It is made chemically from natural raw materials - wood and cotton. The fabric has a silky shine, drapes beautifully, absorbs moisture well and is breathable.

L

Lycra is a highly stretchable (up to 400%) fiber, the use of which in a mixture with others ensures high stretchability and elasticity of the fabric. It has found wide application in the production of fabrics used for products that tightly fit the human figure - swimsuits, sportswear, dresses, trousers, etc.
Varnish is a type of finishing of silk fabrics, as a result of which the surface of the fabric becomes shiny and smooth, like satin.
Loden is a woolen fabric, heavy or medium-heavy, rough to the touch. The surface of the fabric is flattened, the covering covers the weave. Typically the tissue is reclaimed. Sports raincoats and one-piece overalls are sewn from it.
Lustrin is a woolen or wool-blend glossy fabric.

M

N

Nanka - coarse, dense, yellowish or gray very cheap cotton fabric
Nate is a wool and silk fabric with a characteristic plastic surface. It is made from thick yarn in the warp and thin yarn in the weft, resulting in an evenly repeating pattern. Women's coats, raincoats and suits are made from woolen fabric, and women's dresses are made from silk fabric.

ABOUT

P

Panama is a plain-dyed cotton or wool fabric, soft and shiny to the touch. It is produced by double or triple weaving (the so-called matting), as a result of which alternating rectangles of warp and weft overlaps arranged in a checkerboard pattern are formed on the surface of the fabric. Cotton Panama hat is used on ladies' dresses and blouses. Women's dresses and suits are made from woolen Panama hats.
Brocade is an artistic and decorative fabric with a silk base, containing metal threads (gold, silver, etc.) in the weft or, less often, in the warp. It has been known since ancient times, is currently produced in small quantities and is used mainly in historical theatrical costumes.
Pepita - fabric in a small cell (squares, diamonds, rectangles), arranged in a checkerboard pattern; usually two-color or variegated, with one thread always white.
Percale is a thick cotton fabric made from untwisted threads. Depending on the thickness, it is used in aviation, industry, making bed linen (does not allow down or feathers to pass through), and women's blouses.
Motley is a homespun fabric made from leftover yarn of different quality (linen, wool) or different colors. It had a slightly rough surface and a characteristically variegated color, sometimes with a small checkered pattern.
Pique is a thick fabric made of silk or cotton. The surface is covered with small scars. Went to trim and vests
Plis is cotton velvet with a relatively long pile. Used in expensive clothes by peasants, in women's shoes
Plush is a pile fabric, differs from velvet in having a higher (up to 6 mm) and less dense pile. Depending on the type of pile, plush is distinguished between cut and continuous (loop), and depending on the method of production and finishing - smooth or patterned, embossed, etc. Plush is used for sewing and finishing clothes, upholstery, making bedspreads, curtains, etc. p.
Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber with exceptional tensile strength and high wear resistance.
Polycotton is a fabric consisting of a mixture of polyester and cotton in different proportions.
Polyester is a new generation synthetic material. It allows air to pass through well, is characterized by increased softness and ease of care.
Semi-velvet is a cotton fabric with a vertically located pile on its surface, which is obtained through weft-pile weave. Fabric of high weft density, medium-heavy, the pile is of good density, low, evenly covering the entire surface of the fabric. Semi-velvet has a spectacular appearance and is produced in a variegated, plain-dyed manner (dyed ready-made, in a piece) or printed (colored).
Ponitok is a half-cloth made of hemp or linen warp and wool weft.
Poskon is a homespun cheap fabric made from hemp fiber, coarse and undyed.
Poplin is a cotton, silk or wool fabric (so-called false rep or rib), dense, shiny, smooth, soft. Produced in plain weave. Due to the fact that the weft threads are straightened and the density of the warp threads is greater than the weft threads, the front side and back of the fabric are created from warp threads that form a small transverse rib. Poplin can be bleached, plain-dyed, printed or variegated. Men's shirts, pajamas, ladies' dresses and blouses are made from it. Elegant dresses are made from silk poplin.

R

Ravenduk is a thick, rough canvas for technical needs. In the 18th century from hemp, in the 19th century. from linen.
Ratin is woolen fabric. On the front side there is a slightly wavy pile, specially processed by rollers.
Redinka is the same as serpyanka

WITH

Sarpinka is a plain weave cotton fabric, striped or checkered, made from thin (60-80), pre-dyed yarn. Manufactured mainly by Volga German colonists.
Sermyaga is a coarse homespun, undyed and unbleached cloth of gray or brown color.
Serpyanka - rare loose linen fabric
Chenille is a velor fabric made from a special chenille thread.
Chintz is a lightweight cotton fabric, plain-dyed or printed, obtained by special finishing of harsh calico.
Stamed is a wool fabric with a diagonal weave. Red in color, it was worn on a lining, usually a uniform one.

T

Tarlatan - inexpensive, soft, sparsely woven cotton fabric like muslin, used for dresses
Taffeta - thin and dense silk or cotton fabric
Thermolama is a very dense thick silk fabric of golden color; expensive, went for dressing gowns
Terno is an expensive diagonally woven woolen fabric made from high-quality mountain goat wool, used for shawls and women's dresses.
Tibet - double-sided diagonally woven wool fabric made from mountain goat hair, used for shawls
Teak is a coarse, dense linen or cotton fabric of plain weave with red or blue stripes. For work clothes, furniture upholstery.
Tricotin
Trip - Utrecht velvet, wool fabric with pile on the front side. Used for outerwear, hats, furniture upholstery or carriages.

F

Fai is a silk fabric with rip weave.
Flamingo is silk, usually plain-dyed, sometimes printed (printed), with convex scars on the surface of the fabric such as rep weave. The fabric is produced using twill weave. Women's summer dresses and dresses for girls are made from it.
Fleece is one of the few materials of synthetic origin, which, due to its properties, has gained enormous popularity in the production of clothing for children.
Flaush is a woolen fabric that is soft to the touch with long, partially lying pile. It is medium heavy, rarely melange. Women's and men's coats are made from this fabric.
Fresco is a woolen elastic porous fabric, hard and prickly to the touch; The structure of this fabric, produced by plain weave, is sparse and clearly visible if this fabric is applied to another material of a brighter color. This fabric is recommended for home wear, sports blouses, and shirts.
Frieze is a cheap, coarse woolen fabric with slightly curly pile.
Foulard is a light silk fabric, very soft, plain or with ornaments. Used for scarves and scarves.
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X

H

Chesucha - dense silk fabric, usually yellowish-sandy in color

Sh

Shalon - double-sided lightweight woolen fabric with diagonal weave for outerwear
Shanzhan is a cotton fabric, variegated, medium-heavy, with a contrasting texture of warp and weft. By using differently colored threads for the warp and weft when making smooth fabrics, an iridescent color effect is obtained, the so-called. "shanzhan" effect. Ladies' coats, dresses, sports blouses, jackets, and summer men's clothing are made from this fabric.

Openwork: woven or knitted material with thin, lace-like through patterns.

Velvet: fabric with thick, long (2-3 mm), straight pile. Velvet is often cut against the grain.

Batiste: A lightweight plain weave fabric made from fine-staple cotton, linen, wool or rayon.

Belset: microfiber fabric with a fluffy and soft surface similar to peach skin, imitation velor leather.

Boucle: fabric with an uneven, knotty surface formed by thickened yarn.

Velsoft: knitted polyester fabric with a soft brushed side, mainly used for sewing home clothes (robes, pajamas), as well as for bed linen, blankets, etc. Also called microfiber.

Corduroy, ribbed velvet: a collective name for velvet fabrics with longitudinal ribs of varying widths, from very narrow to wide.

Velours: collective name for soft fleecy fabrics with thick short pile.

Vichy: two-color fabric in a contrasting rectangular check, made of cotton or mixed fibers.

Pile elastic: fine jersey with a fleecy surface reminiscent of velvet.

Veil: a sheer, plain-weave fabric, most often made of cotton.

Knitted fabric: material imitating hand knitting.

Gabardine: dense fabric made of cotton, wool or chemical fibers with a pronounced small diagonal rib on the front side, always running from left to bottom to right to top. The rib gives gabardine a striped fabric effect.

Glencheck: fabric with a pattern of overlapping cells. The cells may vary in color or be tone-on-tone.

Tapestry: motley patterned fabric of muted colors with blurry transitions from one color to another.

Double sided fabric: collective name for fabrics that have two different front sides.

Denim: denim in which only the warp thread is dyed. The weft thread is white. Thanks to this weave, the front side is most often blue or black, and the back side is white.

Jersey: a collective name for a variety of knitted materials, from lightweight jersey polo to thick wool jersey.

Denim fabrics: the fabrics are predominantly cotton, often with a small pile. Pre-washed to provide the signature slightly worn look of denim.

Drape: soft, voluminous fabrics with long pile.

Duvetin: the so-called false velvet is a satin weave fabric made of cotton or viscose with thickened weft threads. After dyeing, the fabric is combed and it becomes rough.

Duchess: very shiny high quality satin made from silk or chemical fibers.

Jacquard: a collective name for all fabrics in the pattern of which different types of weave of threads alternate. Using different threads for the warp and weft (for example, matte and shiny, light and dark) enhances this effect.

Georgette and crepe georgette: fabric made from highly twisted crepe twist threads has an uneven, finely structured surface. The fabric is soft, flowing to the touch - “sandy”.

Faux Fur: a collective name for fabrics or knitted materials covered with thick pile, which well imitate natural furs and are very different in pile length and color.

Cloquet: crepe two-layer fabric with a “bubble” surface. During the finishing process, the bottom layer of fabric contracts and the top layer forms uneven swellings. Cloquet cannot be ironed.

Leather: natural animal skins. There are nappa leather (kid leather) with a smooth surface and velor leather (suede) with a fleecy surface.

Crepe: collective name for fabrics with a grainy, knotty surface acquired through crepe twisting of yarn, interlacing of threads, or embossing on the fabric.

Crepe with longitudinal folds: artificial crepe with a surface resembling tree bark.

Crepe de Chine: a thin fabric with an uneven surface made from crepe twisted yarn in a plain weave with a grainy surface.

Crinkle, crash: crinkled fabrics. The folds are often wrinkled in the lobar direction and are more or less pronounced.

Lace: There are many varieties of lace: embroidered (Plauen), woven (machine), woven with bobbins (Valenciennes) or crocheted (basson).

Lavable: Light, crepe-like, flowing fabric with a smooth surface, easy to wash, made of silk or chemical fibers.

Lame: shiny, iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny, showy threads.

Loden: medium and heavy woolen fabrics, very dense, thanks to felting, and very durable. Shaggy loden is a fabric covered with long, adjacent pile to one side; cloth loden is a fabric with a matte, lint-free surface, reminiscent of felt. Loden is often confused with boiled wool: knitwear felted on one side, optically reminiscent of loden. (They are confused, most likely, because it is so often designated in stores.) It differs from loden in its looser structure and, of course, it is not so heavy and dense.

Matlasse: double fabric with a relief, as if “quilted” pattern.

Terry fabric: voluminous soft fabric made from looped yarn.

Wet silk: silk fabric that, after washing and rubbing, has acquired a slightly fluffy “peach” surface. Wet silk is not washed, but sent for dry cleaning.

Moire: rep weave fabric with thin warp threads. It has a wavy pattern, which is applied during embossing (calendering).

Muslin: light and loose fabric of plain weave, mainly cotton or wool.

Organza: transparent, rigid plain weave fabric.

Pallet: fabric or knitted material with sewn sparkling metal plates.

Panne: very shiny velvet fabric with pressed pile.

Papillon: wool poplin with a small transverse rib.

Pepita: fabric in a small light-dark check.

Percale: thin but dense cotton fabric with a plain weave. Silky, soft, reminiscent of cambric. Mainly used for sewing bed linen, ideal for printing and dyeing with textile paints.

Pique: fabric with a relief pattern reminiscent of machine stitching.

Thick taffeta: Medium weight cotton fabric with plain weave.

Lining twill: fabric in which both sides are “facing”: one surface is crepe, matte, and the other is shiny, smooth.

Poplin: rep weave fabric, which is formed by very thin warp threads and thicker weft threads.

Reps: fabric with pronounced scars, most often transverse.

"Roman Jersey": heavy, low-elastic, double-sided knitwear, most often made from high-quality natural wool, with knit loops on both sides.

Twill: Rough cotton fabric with a diagonal effect.

Satin: very smooth, softly falling fabric with a shiny surface.

Seersucker: fabric in which the entire surface or individual stripes resemble tree bark. In real fabric with this name, the effect is achieved due to a special weave of threads, in “fake seersucker” - due to finishing (chemical treatment) of the fabric.

Cloth: a plain-weave woolen fabric that, through felting and final backcombing, acquires a felt-like surface.

Knitwear with terry/brushed back: fabric made of cotton or a mixture of cotton and other fibers.

Taffeta: fabric made of natural silk or chemical fibers. Rigidity
It is acquired during the finishing process (chemical treatment), and therefore taffeta wrinkles a lot.

Tweed: a fabric made from coarse, knotted wool yarn that has a hand-finished appearance. Warp and weft often come in different colors.

Thermovelour: fluffy fabric with double-sided pile, very warm and breathable.

Herringbone fabric: twill weave fabric with distinct diagonal stripes.

Chicken foot fabric: fabric with a small pattern resembling a cage. Denticles at the corners of cells are typical for the tissue.

Rib knit: Elastic material with alternating knit and purl stitches.

Tulle: a transparent mesh fabric, often with a honeycomb structure.

Shaped: fabric with a fine pattern, which is formed by changing the type of weave. Most often with a matte-shiny effect.

Phil-a-fil: fabric with a stepped fine pattern, which is formed by alternating light and dark warp and weft threads.

Flannel: collective name for fabrics made of cotton, viscose or wool, with one- or two-sided brushing.

Fleece: see thermal velour.

Chintz: polished cotton fabric, the surface of which gives the impression of being waxed. Thanks to impregnation, it does not get dirty and is not wetted by water.

Shanzhan: fabric with multi-colored warp and weft threads that create an iridescent effect.

Silk Brocade: jacquard fabric, often made from polished yarn. Another name for “brocat” is Italian, meaning “embroidered”.

Chenille: heavy, velvet-like fabric with double-sided pile.

Chiffon: a very thin, delicate flowing fabric made from crepe twisted yarn consisting of silk or synthetic fibers. Chiffon has an uneven surface to the touch, reminiscent of “sand”.

Photo: Jan Schmiedel ; getti images (4), dpa, clip dealer.
Material prepared by Elena Karpova

High-quality, beautiful and fashionable fabric is the key to the success of every sewing product. Different types of fabrics are easily created thanks to certain features of the raw materials and various weaving patterns that determine their structure, properties, and appearance. What are the names of fabrics and their characteristics, as well as properties? All this will be discussed in this article.

All types of fabrics can be divided into types of raw materials: natural, synthetic and artificial.

Based on the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into multi-colored (melange, mulled, printed, multi-colored) and plain.

The centuries-old history of weaving has created a huge number of different types of fabrics that amaze with the choice of textures, surface effects, and patterns.

Types of fabrics

Openwork is a fabric made of wool, cotton or silk yarn that has a through pattern.

Angora - is made from the warm wool of young Angora goats and rabbits bred on farms in Italy, Japan, England, and France.

Satin is a smoothly dyed fabric with a noticeably shiny surface.

Velvet is a soft cotton fabric with a slightly nap surface. It can be patterned or plain-painted.

Batiste is a dense and light, linen or cotton fabric with a wide plain weave that is soft to the touch.

Calico is a dense linen or cotton fabric of a plain weave type, which is produced from carded yarn.

Corduroy is a thick cotton fabric with an interesting cut pile that has pile stripes.

Velor is the generally accepted name for materials that have a velvety, pile-like outer surface. This includes not only fabrics (cotton, rayon, wool), but also felt and genuine leather. Some countries call such types of fabrics as corduroy and velvet velor.

Viscose is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and thin fabric based on it.

Voile is a transparent thin fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave.

Gabardine is a half-wool or pure wool fabric of a twill weave, on the surface of which there are noticeable diagonal scars. It is highly waterproof and wear-resistant due to the homogeneity and density of the surface.

Guipure is a beautiful lace fabric made of thin silk or cotton threads, consisting of separate fragments connected by threads.

Denim (i.e. denim) is a cotton fabric of twill or plain weave that has a high level of density and strength.

Devore is an interesting material on which the pattern is obtained by artificial burning (more precisely, chemical etching) of some of the fibers.

Drape is a soft woolen fabric with a very smooth surface, which, as a result of rolling, forms a kind of felt-like covering that covers the weaving.

Cashmere - wool blend or with a diagonal rib over the entire surface. Made from the wool of Himalayan goats.

Crepe-satin is a thin double-sided fabric made of silk artificial threads: 1 side is satin, 2 is matte with a certain crepe effect.

Linen is a fabric that is made from threads that are produced from flax stems.

Organza is a transparent material, hard to the touch, made from chemical fibers or natural silk.

Brocade is a dense fabric of rather complex workmanship with beautiful patterns of silver and gold threads.

Twill is a fabric made from wool or silk threads with a twill weave.

Satin is a fabric made from silk, cotton and wool threads with a shiny surface.

Tweed is a woolen twill weave.

Cotton is a pure natural fiber that is made from the small cotton plant.

Silk is a beautiful lightweight fabric that is made from threads obtained mechanically from the cocoons of silkworms.

Wool is a warm material formed from natural fibers, which are made from the wool of camels, goats, and sheep.

Chiffon is a translucent, delicate, thin fabric made from threads of cotton, viscose, silk, or synthetic origin, formed during the process of crepe twisting.

Various types of fabrics for clothing allow designers, fashion designers and seamstresses to create more and more new looks.

Thick fabric is the best protection from the cold

Thick fabrics are indispensable on cold autumn and winter days. They save from cold and wind, giving peace, warmth, coziness and comfort. The variety of modern dense materials allows them to be used not only for sewing clothes, but also in many other areas of human activity.

To choose the right fabric for sewing a particular product, you need to look not only at its appearance, but also carefully familiarize yourself with all the properties.

One of the important characteristics of the material is density - the weight of one square meter, expressed in grams. The greater the number of threads per unit area, the denser the material will be. The thickness of the thread also matters - the smaller it is, the lighter the fabric.

Other parameters directly depend on the density of the material - hygroscopicity, breathability, wear resistance.

The highest density - from 300 to 1000 g/m2 - is for artificial and natural leather, as well as for upholstery, curtains and technical fabrics. Fabrics for coats, jackets and suits have a density of 200 to 400 g/m2. For comparison: the density of cambric or chiffon is from 50 to 70 g/m2.

Compound

Dense fabrics are made from completely natural raw materials: linen, cotton, wool, and with the addition of artificial or synthetic fibers, which give the material new properties.

Thick cotton is used in the vast majority of cases for the production of home textiles:

duvet covers, sheets and pillowcases;
towels;
bedspreads and tablecloths;
curtains and curtains.

Cotton material is not used for the manufacture of winter clothing because it does not have sufficient heat-saving properties. Fabrics made from 100% linen are quite dense in nature, and when synthetic fibers are added to them, they are successfully used for upholstery and decoration of upholstered furniture. Pillows, tablecloths, and curtains are sewn from thick linen fabric.

Their natural fibers are used to make dense fabrics for special purposes. These include:

Tarpaulin is an extremely durable, high-density fabric that is specially impregnated with water-repellent and fire-resistant materials. It is used to make tents, awnings, backpacks, mittens, and protective clothing for the military or firefighters.
- dense, coarse fabric made from jute or hemp fibers. The main application is packaging of various goods, workwear. In recent years, it has become very fashionable to make various decorative interior items from burlap - panels, folk dolls, amulets, etc.
Canvas is a dense linen fabric with a rigid structure, which no artist working with oil paints can do without.

In addition, there are a large number of dense fabrics used for making clothing or for household purposes.

Diversity

Among all high-density fabrics, the most popular are the following:

– bias rib fabric, it is ideal for coats, jackets and suits.
– material with satin weave, resistant to friction and wear. Mainly used for making work clothes.
– cotton fabric, all jeans are made from it.
Creton is a material used for the upholstery of sofas, armchairs and other upholstered furniture.
– a very beautiful fabric with rich patterns, suitable for both elegant dresses and interior decoration.
Calico is a cotton fabric from which sheets, duvet covers, diapers, and work clothes are made.

Let's consider the properties inherent in materials with increased density using the example of corduroy, flannel and diving.

Corduroy is the dream of fashionistas of the 80s

Corduroy is a dense fabric with a pile divided by longitudinal stripes, “ribbed”. Traditionally, this material was made only from cotton fibers, but recently the addition of viscose or polyester threads has made corduroy more durable and wear-resistant.

Royal cloth

This is exactly how the word “corduroy” is literally translated from French. Indeed, since the Middle Ages, when weavers first learned to obtain “pile” fabric and fluff it in a certain way, corduroy was considered a product for the elite.

Velveteen was used to upholster furniture in palaces, sew curtains from it, and decorate carriages. The technology of fabric production was so secret that it was almost lost in the mists of time.

At the end of the 19th century, corduroy reached Russia, where it was immediately adopted as an interior material. And only in the second half of the 20th century did corduroy become the basis for tailoring.

It is difficult to imagine the youth of the 80s of the last century without fashionable corduroy trousers or jackets. Currently, many different products are made from corduroy:

coats, suits, skirts, trousers;
overalls for children and adults;
products for the interior - bedspreads, curtains, drapes, sofa cushions;
upholstery for furniture - armchairs, sofas, chairs, poufs;
car covers;
children's and house shoes.

Advantages and disadvantages of corduroy

The play of light in the fibers of the hems gives corduroy a noble shine, due to which the fabric looks unusual and creative.

The positive aspects of corduroy also include:

wear resistance - the material retains its excellent appearance for a long time;
crease resistance, resistance to deformation;
softness and velvety - despite the density, the fabric is pleasant to the touch;
heat saving. Clothing made of corduroy retains heat for a long time, preventing cold from entering the body.

But even such a wonderful fabric has disadvantages:

corduroy with synthetic additives is electrified;
the fabric attracts dust and small debris;
the material needs decent care.

How to properly care for corduroy

To ensure that corduroy products do not lose their beauty for as long as possible, it is necessary to provide them with appropriate care:

Before washing a corduroy item, be sure to shake out the dust and turn it inside out.
The water should not be hotter than 400C, set the machine mode to delicate washing.
Large items made of corduroy - curtains, bedspreads, etc. - are best dry cleaned.
Corduroy should be dried flat, avoiding direct sunlight. Drying corduroy clothes on radiators is not allowed.
Instead of regular ironing, it is better to use the steam mode for corduroy products.

Important to know! You can restore the lost appearance of corduroy items by using the following method: soak the item for several hours in a 2.5% solution of ammonia, then rinse in cold water and dry in a horizontal position.

The story is a feeling of childhood

This cozy, soft, warm fabric is an ideal material for vests, swaddles, rompers and bonnets. It is made by plain or twill weaving cotton or wool blend fibers. The bike has a double-sided pile coating that wonderfully warms the body.

The history of the story

The fact that the bike, like corduroy, dates back to the Middle Ages is beyond doubt. Even then, raincoats and suits made of this material were in great demand - they reliably covered from bad weather and protected from the cold.

There is controversy over the name of the fabric: some believe that it comes from the French “baie” - woolen fabric, since the first samples of the material were made from wool.

Others argue that the Latin word “badius” - dark brown - perfectly explains the name of the material, because in the Middle Ages it was not painted and had a brown tint.

The bike came to Russia along with the reforms of Peter I, who appreciated its convenience, softness and durability and ordered it to be used for sewing outerwear for soldiers.

Over time, the bike became the favorite clothing for walking, riding, and hunting for both men and women.

Application of bikes

Currently, there are two types of baizes - cotton and wool. Produced from cotton:

clothing for babies and small children;
shirts and sweatshirts for men;
women's home dresses, robes and sundresses;
tracksuits;
pajamas and nightgowns.

A woolen bike is used for slightly different purposes; it can be used to make:

demi-season clothing - coats, jackets, windbreakers;
warm blankets and rugs;
shoe insoles;
lining for clothes.

The bike is available in either a single color or with various prints.

The undoubted advantages of the bike

This is an extremely comfortable and soft material consisting of solid advantages:

Strength. For all its apparent delicacy and softness, the bike is sufficiently resistant to mechanical stress.
Hygiene. The fabric does not cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.
Hygroscopicity. The bike not only absorbs moisture remarkably, but also evaporates moisture.
Wear resistance. The material is so durable that many children's things, without losing their appearance, are passed down in families from generation to generation.

It happens that in order to reduce the cost of the material, viscose fibers are added to natural flannel. This worsens some characteristics of the fabric, in particular, it reduces its heat-saving qualities.

Important to know! Caring for flannelette products is very simple. The fabric can easily withstand any washing and spin cycle. It is best to iron it from the wrong side so as not to disturb the pile coating.

Diving - a novelty among dense fabrics

Among the large number of materials, diving deserves attention - a dense synthetic fabric of a new generation.

Due to its ability to hug the body, diving is often called a “second skin.” This is due to the unique composition of the material - it consists of 60% polyamide, and the remaining 40% is divided between polyester and elastane.

What do they make from diving?

There are two types of this dense fabric:

Microdiving is a smooth material from which tights, leggings, tops, and skirts are sewn. Sometimes it is used to create theatrical costumes, evening dresses, and clothing for special occasions.
Super diving is the basis of suit fabric for swimmers, gymnasts, and athletes.

Superdiving fleece is used to sew winter clothing for skiers and climbers.

Unique diving properties

In addition to increased density and strength, diving has a number of excellent qualities:

Wear resistance. The material does not fade, does not stretch, does not shrink or stretch. No matter how long a diving suit lasts, it retains its original appearance.
Hygroscopicity. The fabric allows moisture to pass through perfectly.
Breathability. Despite being completely “synthetic,” the body in diving clothing “breathes.”
Easy to care for. The products are easily washed off from dirt and dry quickly.
Wrinkle resistance. Diving clothing does not wrinkle and does not require ironing.

Need to take into account! The water temperature for washing diving products should not exceed 400C, otherwise the item may “shrink”. Do not use bleaches or chlorine-containing powders. It is best to dry in the shade so that ultraviolet rays do not cause the destruction of fabric fibers.

High-density fabrics are in demand in many industries. Having familiarized yourself with all their variety and characteristics, you can easily choose fabric for a new elegant dress or suit, as well as for updating your home interior.

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