Research work modular origami. Research work "The magical world of origami"
INTRODUCTIONEveryone is interested in school
We like to study
But about one wonderful activity
We will tell you now.
Origami, origami,
We can make things ourselves:
And a flashlight and a firecracker,
And a mysterious flower.
Origami, origami,
We can make things ourselves:
And the dragon and the frog,
And a mysterious flower
What is this origami?
It's high time to tell.
This is a paper fantasy world,
This is a fairy tale, a trick, and a game.
We are accustomed to the fact that any construction set consists of a certain set of parts that can be connected to create a variety of designs. The theory of invention (TRIZ) states that an ideal construction set should consist of one part, with the help of which an infinite variety of shapes can be created. It turns out that such a constructor exists. This is origami, where thousands and thousands of different figures are formed from one piece (sheet)!
Origami is the original Japanese art of creating models of various objects, animals, birds, flowers by bending a sheet of paper. Nobody knows exactly who and when invented this fascinating Japanese game, called “ORIGAMI” all over the world. Many generations of Japanese have contributed to origami, passing on the ability to fold a flat sheet into a wonderful figure. Since ancient times, origami has played a different role in the life of the Japanese. Paper figurines accompanied ritual processions in Shinto shrines, graceful butterflies decorated the wedding table, samurai entertained ladies at medieval balls by folding simple figurines, caring relatives hung magical paper balls over the bed of a sick person to drive out evil spirits. From generation to generation, the ancient art was improved, selecting the most elegant, most expressive figures for posterity.
Relevance. Simple folding techniques and the boundless imagination of people can create an entire world using origami. The world is special, joyful, cheerful, kind and unlike anything else. The art of origami is open to the whole world. It is picked up by Parisian fashion designers, American designers, and six-year-old children. Everyone finds something different in origami.
Nowadays, at no extra cost, you can make many original souvenirs, postcards, hairpins, etc. from paper for any holiday. You can beautifully roll a towel, napkin, or even a roll of toilet paper.
Many groups of origami artists have appeared on the Internet - these are classmates on the site (participants share their works or master classes) and simply sites on origami. A wonderful website “Country of Masters”, which presents more than 10,000 works on origami techniques: modular origami, quilling, kirik, etc.
Every year we make New Year's toys at school - these are balls, snowflakes, chains, etc. At home, when setting the table, we try to fold napkins beautifully. And the question arose in my head, where else can the origami method be used? And does this method of paper folding continue to develop, or is this art passed down from generation to generation?
These questions prompted us to conduct research on this topic.
Target: identifying areas of life where origami is found.
Research hypothesis is built on the assumption that origami is a fairly common form of creativity and has further development.
Research objectives The resulting goals and problems are as follows:
analyze theoretical material and literature on this topic;
try to identify areas where origami is used;
find out if there are new origami techniques;
make your own products using various origami techniques.
To solve the problems and test the hypothesis, the following methods were used:
1. Analysis of literature on the research problem.
2. Making products using the origami method.
Research stages:
The first stage (October 2013) analysis of scientific publications on the problem. Definition of hypothesis and research methods. Mastering the basic forms of modular origami.
The second stage (November - 2013) is the production of simple modular origami products.
The third stage (December - January 2014) – production of complex modular origami products
Fourth stage (February - March 2014) – Mastering modular mosaics and producing work. Formatting the work (draft version) and compiling a bibliographic list.
Fifth stage (October - April 2013 - 2014) - work with literature on this topic (Internet resources), manufacturing products using modular origami techniques with a reduction in the module “Snake - Gorynych” and “Snake”
The sixth stage (December - January 2013-2014) mastering the quilling technique, making basic forms. And making crafts using the quilling technique.
Seventh stage (March - April 2014) – Registration of work.
Chapter I. ORIGAMI TECHNIQUE
1.1. HISTORY OF ORIGAMI
Origami (折り紙 , lit.: “folded paper”) - the ancient art of folding figures from. The art of origami has its roots in ancient China, where paper was invented.
Origami was originally used in religious rituals. For a long time, this type of art was available only to representatives of the upper classes, where mastery of paper folding techniques was a sign of good form. Only after the Second World War did origami go beyond its borders and enter the world, where it immediately found its fans.
In fact, the origins of origami should be sought in India and Southern China, but this beautiful and amazing flower blossomed in Japan. And you have to be Japanese to understand the plasticity of Eastern thinking and consciousness, which turned an element of a temple ritual into secular entertainment. The first origami schemes can be attributed to the very temple period of the existence of origami. But classic origami patterns were born at the end of the 16th century, already in the secular period. Even in our time, origami patterns can be divided into classic and original (author's are, so to speak, more complex forms.). But the classic origami patterns have reached us, having survived several centuries, and this despite the fact that for the time being the folding stages were not written down anywhere, all skills were passed on from generation to generation. And only because of this, only the simplest origami schemes have survived to this day. A little later, the origami alphabet appeared, and the basic forms were systematized. And only at the beginning of the 20th century the first origami patterns managed to fly, swim and jump over the oceans and... conquer Europe.
The discoverer of origami is considered to be a humble worker from one of the Japanese defense factories who invented a universal way of recording folding. The Japanese's name was Akira Yoshizawa. And the method he invented became as universal a language as musical notation. Why is origami not music performed with the fingers using a sheet of paper?
Yoshizawa traveled around the world teaching the basics of origami and serving as an ambassador for Japanese culture. Hundreds and thousands of new images appeared based on traditional folding patterns and techniques.
Origami became a significant part of Japanese ceremonies early on. Samurai exchanged gifts decorated with, a kind of symbols of good luck, folded from paper ribbons. Folded paper butterflies were used during celebrations to represent the bride and groom.
Every Japanese person and everyone who has taken up origami knows the story of Sadako, the girl from Hiroshima who made paper cranes, believing that it would save her from radiation sickness. Someone told her that if she made a thousand cranes, she would get better. Sadako soon realized that she would not get better, she would die. And then she began to give her cranes to other sick people - each crane that little Sadako folded was a prayer: a prayer for the salvation of a person and a prayer for peace. In the East, the crane has long symbolized life and hope - the story of twelve-year-old Sadako turned the crane figurine into a symbol.
Origami came to Rus' much later. In the 19th century One of the first who learned to bend various figures from a sheet of paper were the children of Tsar Nicholas II. And the story of this acquaintance was as follows. In 1908, a young philologist and Cambridge graduate, Charles Sidney Gibbs, was invited to the court in St. Petersburg to teach English to young princesses. In 1914, a very young prince joined the lessons. In order to gain the child’s trust, Gibbs resorted to a well-tested technique: he began to fold different figures out of paper in front of the boy’s eyes. In a very short time, despite the difference in age, the student and teacher became true friends, and English lessons turned from tedious activities into a fun pastime!
Around the same time, origami came to France. It was brought here by traveling magicians. They entertained the inhabitants of the country by making intricate paper figures of animals, birds or people right before their eyes. Moreover, these figures came to life during the performance. And at the end of the act, the circus performers disassembled the figure, again turning it into a flat sheet of paper.
Historians claim that many famous people in the world practiced origami seriously. These include the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.
But the European Robert Harbin was a magician and gained a lot of experience in the field of origami. He decided to take advantage of this to earn his living. One day he realized that origami could be a very profitable business, no worse than cinema or the circus. He combined these types of art and organized his own origami theater. In the middle of the 20th century. he offered television his own program, which he called “Mr. Left and Right Hand.” Having accumulated a wealth of experience in origami, ten years later he published his first book.
In the old days, origami was not only an art, but also a science that taught precision and patience.
1.2. TYPES OF ORIGAMI
The ancient Japanese, when creating the first products from paper sheets, also came up with the origami technique. This traditional knowledge was passed on from generation to generation, from country to country, from one city to another. Over the many centuries of existence of this ancient art form, much has been lost, some have undergone changes, and new things have appeared. But ancient traditions are generally preserved. Origami was and remains a technique of working with a whole sheet of paper.
The traditional, classic method of origami is rightfully considered to be working with a square taken as a basis. Any figure is made from a larger or smaller square by bending, excluding any cuts or gluing. A certain chain of mutual transformations of the original square sheet from the beginning of the work to its complete completion isThere is a technique for doing origami.
Teaching the art of origami must begin not only with individual elements of products, but also with the “origami school” - withbasic forms . You should have a good knowledge of the basic basic shapes of products, which will allow you to understand the outlines and nature of the item being manufactured, and when creating your own products, you will be able to select the most suitable base option. [Annex 1].
One important classical approach to origami design is the concept of a base.Base – a simple folded shape that can be developed into many different figures.
When practicing the technique of folding various elements of origami products, you should pay special attention to the correct execution of the folds. They should be practically “sharp” and the layers of paper in them should fit tightly to each other. Otherwise, when folds are placed on top of each other in subsequent operations, the elements shift and it is impossible to create a beautiful, neat product. Therefore, after completing each individual stage of work, you need to check the “sharpness” of all bends.
When practicing folds to create a head, beak, paw, tail, you should pay attention to what part of an animal or bird is similar to what happened during folding. It is important to know the features of their structure in life, to understand the possibilities of stylization. This will help you make products according to patterns, as well as improve them and develop your own models.
When practicing the technique of folding symmetrical bends (making legs, beak, flower elements), the folded sides should not be tightly joined to each other, since during subsequent operations they can overlap each other and spoil the appearance of the product. In case of serious mistakes of this kind, it is sometimes simply impossible to fold the product.
There are several types of origami known in Japan. They arose at different times, which was determined not only by different technologies for manufacturing similar products, but also by the appearance of colored paper, as well as the purpose of making a particular item.
Over time, masters began to appear who were not satisfied with the framework of the traditional origami form. They were looking for new basic forms to make their products. They used not only a square sheet, but also a rectangle, a rhombus, pentagons and hexagons, a circle, and a triangle. This expanded the capabilities of origami and made it possible to create products that could not be made from a square sheet. Kosho Ushiyawo said: “Origami is a world in which everyone who can depict things from a single sheet of paper experiences the joy of the creator.” Products have become more personal, more creative and varied.
One of the popular varieties of origami ismodular origami, in which a whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other, the resulting force prevents the structure from falling apart. One of the most common objects in modular origami is , volumetric spherical body. [Appendix 2].
Kusudama ( 薬玉 , lit. "Medicine ball") is a model that is usually (but not always) formed by sewing together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized ones folded from a square sheet of paper), so that a spherical body is obtained. Alternatively, the individual components can be glued together. Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached to the bottom. In ancient Japan, kusudama was used for healing infusions and incense. And in our time, they have not lost their traditional purpose - to bring health to people. It is believed that such a ball, if hung over a patient’s bed, will promote recovery[Appendix 3].
By the way, they are made not only from square leaves, as is commonly believed. There are figures based on rectangular and even triangular sheets of paper. And using scissors in the process of creating a figure is not a crime at all. This is also origami, and the technique is called" kirikomi" . .
Classic origami requires the use of one square, evenly colored sheet of paper without glue or scissors. Contemporary art forms sometimes depart from this canon.
Rolling paper (alsoquilling English quilling - from the word quill (bird feather)) - the art of making flat or three-dimensional compositions from long and narrow strips of paper twisted into spirals.
Flowers and patterns are created from paper spirals, which are then usually used to decorate cards, albums, gift wrapping, and photo frames. Art came to Russia from Korea. It is also popular as a hobby in Germany, England and America. This is a simple and very beautiful type of needlework that does not require large expenses. Products made from paper ribbons can also be used as wall decorations or even costume jewelry.
Chapter 2. ORIGAMI IN THE MODERN WORLD
Today, origami is experiencing another wave of interest. Almost all over the world this art is developing in accordance with the traditions of the people.
The short journey to creating an origami figure is especially important for those who are eager to get quick results. After all, just a few minutes after you start working, you are holding the finished figurine in your hands. Moreover, the creative process is not limited to folding. After all, you can play with the finished figurine, present it as a gift to a friend, and even organize a performance for children with paper dolls - heroes of fairy tales. Creating an origami figure is like a miracle. Just now he had a piece of paper in his hands. A few turns... And the bird begins to flap its wings! Or a horse galloping on the table!
2.1. ORIGAMI IN PEDAGOGY
We are connected with paper from our very first days to the end of our lives. Today, kids encounter sheets of this material much earlier than they begin to learn to write or read. The child tears and crumples it, trying to give the sheet a certain desired shape. This material is accessible and cheap, so you can trust it to children without fear. Another convenience of such activities for a child is that the paper can easily be deformed. And after classes, it keeps the given shape well and for a long time. This is used today in many educational and developmental methods.
Origami develops the ability to work with hands under the control of consciousness, fine motor skills of the hands, precise finger movements are improved, and the eye develops.
Origami promotes concentration, as it forces you to focus on the manufacturing process in order to get the desired result.
Origami is of great importance in the development of constructive thinking, creative imagination, and artistic taste.
Origami also stimulates the development of memory, since in order to make a craft, you need to remember the sequence of its manufacture, techniques and folding methods.
Origami introduces basic geometric concepts (angle, side, square, triangle, etc.), while at the same time enriching the vocabulary with special terms.
Origami improves work skills and creates a work culture.
Origami helps create play situations. By folding animal masks out of paper, you can join in a dramatization game based on a familiar fairy tale; they become fairy-tale characters, travel to the world of flowers, etc.
Nowadays, many schools teach origami in primary grades. According to the famous Russian popularizer of origami S.A. Afonkina, classes can be conducted in grades 1-4 during labor lessons, or origami lessons can be introduced as a separate subject into the school schedule as a permanent subject. Origami is taught as an elective subject, as well as as a lesson in after-school groups or clubs.
Origami can be used very productively in the learning process. With its help, students will quickly master mathematics (especially its section - geometry, since the concept of geometric figures underlies all methods). Paper techniques will help you understand other exact sciences, the fundamentals of architecture and other arts.
By turning to origami, all teachers can find in it the necessary psychological and developmental aspects that are not always easy to find in ordinary classical education. Classes in this type of art significantly improve children's coordination, logic, constructive and artistic thinking.
2.2. ORIGAMI IN PSYCHOLOGY
Nowadays, origami is successfully used in medical and rehabilitation practice by doctors of various specializations. The materials of the “First International Conference “Origami in Pedagogy and Psychology” note the positive impact of origami classes in working with people with disabilities of hearing, vision, musculoskeletal system, patients in psychiatric hospitals, deaf-mute, cancer patients, as well as social rehabilitation of drug addicts, alcoholics and prisoners. Numerous studies indicate that origami classes improve the quality of life of patients, reduce the level of anxiety, help to forget pain and grief, increase self-esteem, promote friendship, mutual assistance in a team, and help establish contact between the doctor and the patient.
What is the secret of using origami in rehabilitation work in adult and children's departments of hospitals, sanatoriums, etc.? While practicing origami, the patient becomes a participant in an exciting action - transforming a paper square into an original figurine - a flower, a box, a butterfly, a dinosaur, etc. This process resembles a trick, a small performance, which always causes joyful surprise. By sequentially simple folding of paper along geometric lines, we obtain a model that amazes with its beauty and changes the emotional state of the patient for the better. There is a desire to show someone this miracle, to add something else. The feeling of isolation disappears, communication is improved, including between the doctor and the patient, which is especially important if the patient is a child. There are cases when children, in a state of fear and anxiety, refuse to take food or medicine. Then a doll in the hands of a psychologist comes to the rescue and the impossible becomes possible. Origami serves as the same “magic wand”. But not every hospital has a specialist in puppet therapy, while folding using the origami technique is accessible to almost everyone, and paper is always at hand. There are examples of the successful use of origami even in cases of autism. It is known that the son of Nicholas II, Alexei, was a sickly and withdrawn child with symptoms of autism. A teacher from England, with the help of origami lessons, not only managed to get the boy talking, but also increased his interest in the English language. Here is another example with an adult: the therapist is trying to attract the patient’s attention by flipping through a colorful illustrated magazine in front of him. The patient is indifferent. Then the doctor tears out a page from the magazine, folds it into an origami figure, and the patient begins to show interest in what he sees—contact has been established. The effect is enhanced if you use moving origami figures, such as a jumping frog, a croaking crow, a crane flapping its wings, etc. Such paper toys are interesting for both adults and children, especially if they are folded with their own hands. With them, in a hospital setting, you can organize competitive games for children. And for those who have limited mobility, finger puppet theater and origami fairy tales, various paper puzzles will be available and will lift their spirits - all this will bring new bright colors into the gray reality of the patient’s hospital life. Doctors from around the world, where origami has been used for more than 20 years, claim that these activities significantly improve the emotional state of patients, relieve depression, increase self-confidence, promote the establishment of friendly contacts, which generally improves the psychological state of patients and makes treatment more effective . The uniqueness of the influence of origami also lies in the fact that a person, even in conditions of complete isolation, has the opportunity to conduct a dialogue with himself, with his intellect. It brings great pleasure.
Here is an interesting case of psychological rehabilitation of a child, one of their students, a pupil of an orphanage, who was in a sanatorium. Few people were interested in him until he folded kusudama from ordinary notebook sheets. At first, the children from the ward where the boy was, then the sanatorium staff became interested in her, and finally, the rumor reached the director himself. He invited the guy to his place and asked if it was true that he himself had put together such an amazing thing. The guy replied that this was so, and at the director’s request, he folded another kusudama. A previously unknown boy from an orphanage became a hero, the center of attention of everyone who was in the sanatorium. This incident will be remembered for a lifetime, it will give the child confidence in his abilities, increase self-esteem and improve the emotional state of the little patient. There are other examples of social rehabilitation of children doing origami. A 4th grade student in one of the Kyiv schools, thanks to his passion for origami, not only overcame shyness caused by illness (impaired speech), but also became the leader of a group of children whom he taught this art.
There are many reasons for the success of origami classes in psychology and organizing leisure time for patients in hospitals and rehabilitation centers:
firstly, it is the paper itself with its familiar, non-aggressive status. You can do whatever you want with paper: crumple it, tear it, draw on it, and in origami paper plays a new and unusual role - you can use it to create many interesting models. Motivation appears, the desire to learn this;
mastering the origami technique is very easy, at any age, both for children and adults (in a hospital setting, teachers can be psychologists, parents, and medical personnel);
the result is achieved quickly;
there is a predictable positive result - if you fold the figurine carefully and accurately, it will definitely turn out beautiful, and the guarantee of this is the very nature of this design technique, where accuracy, symmetry and harmony of geometric lines reign;
the barrier between doctor and patient is eliminated, an atmosphere of trust arises;
during origami classes, non-verbal contact in communication is carried out, which in some cases is the only possible;
origami combines the techniques and forms of work of some other psychological areas: fairy tale therapy (origami fairy tales), game therapy (games with movable figures), therapy through drama and puppet therapy (acting out scenes with origami dolls, masks, etc.), therapy through music, choral singing with its inherent harmony and rhythmic movements (which also occurs when folding using the origami technique and gives a therapeutic effect), color therapy (multi-colored paper is used);
the repetition method and rhythm in folding modular origami (stars, ornaments, “3-D” models) balance a person’s mental state.
2.3. ORIGAMI AND HOLIDAYS
Origami is actively used in the entertainment and holiday industries. It is worth remembering only the traditions of celebrating the New Year in many countries. It is during this period of the year that origami comes to life with new vigor every time. Paper figures suddenly fill everything around and bring a feeling of celebration to homes and city streets. [Appendix 2].
Origami is often used to decorate the Christmas tree, which can not only significantly reduce the cost of the celebration, but also keep restless children busy with an interesting and exciting activity.
In many cities, it has become a tradition to place a New Year tree in a huge pavilion, which is decorated exclusively with origami figures that are brought for it from all over the world. This tree becomes a “tree of peace” during the New Year holidays. This tree becomes a symbol of the unification of peoples, peace and the fact that the entire population of the globe, united, is free to perform a miracle.
Not only toys, but also Christmas trees themselves are now made from paper. Not so long ago in the USA, with the support of environmental societies, unusual - entirely paper - Christmas trees were created. The initiative of the American “greens” was picked up by their European colleagues. And now origami Christmas trees can be found all over the world. The largest of them was created in 1993 in the Netherlands. In the city of Eindoven, a 15-meter paper New Year tree was installed in the central pavilion. The tree was decorated with an innumerable variety of colorful paper toys.
And yet, the New Year did not remain the only origami holiday. In the USA, the state of North Carolina hosts an annual week-long origami festival. For the first time, the initiator of this action was the very famous American showman and producer Jonathan Baxter. In his hometown of Charlotte, he annually stages a performance in which all the roles are given to paper.
The local population is always involved in the celebration. Children and adults fold a lot of paper figures and decorate buildings, halls, streets, and their own homes with them. Every year, Baxter gives his town an amazing paper surprise. This was once an airport completely decorated with origami techniques. And one year, in the main hall of the city, a full-size skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex, made entirely of paper, was exhibited.
Origami figures can be a wonderful decoration for a holiday table (you can make models from starched napkins). Or you can use simple paper ones.
2.4. ORIGAMI AND FASHION
Every day we come across news and innovations in the fashion world. We still never cease to be amazed by the imagination, creativity and unconventional approach of designers in developing and creating sometimes unimaginable silhouettes and shapes using conventional or innovative materials. Once again, interesting jewelry from the work of Cindy Nog, born in Hong Kong, raised in San Francisco and now working in New York. This girl is another clear example of how a favorite activity can bring not only pleasure, but also profit.
Cindy was inspired by origami to create her jewelry. Pendants and earring elements are made from one sheet of pure silver, sometimes with the addition of gold, in the same way as origami is rolled from a sheet of paper. And it is clear that this is the handmade work of the author.
You can also make original jewelry in the form of hair clips using the quilling technique.
CONCLUSION
As a result of our research, we came to the following conclusions.
Having mastered the basics of origami, you can apply its reflections in such areas of life as table setting, gift wrapping, making souvenirs, New Year's toys, holiday cards, jewelry, etc.
With the help of origami, you can develop your psychological abilities - memory, attention, imagination and even speech. After all, fine motor skills (working with the fingers) activates the work of the left hemisphere, which is responsible for the function of speech. It’s not for nothing that origami is used in working with children and sick people in order to make contact and gain trust.
Now the origami technique is used in development centers (children's development centers), in schools as electives or even as a separate subject. Origami is developing, origami societies have been created in many countries, and on the Internet you can find many sites dedicated to origami techniques. People in whose lives origami plays an important role; Every year exhibitions and conferences are held, and more and more people learn about this wonderful activity.
Summing up the results of our work, we are convinced that origami is really all around us. This type of creativity can be seen in many areas of our lives.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Afonkin S.Yu., Afonkina E.Yu. All about origami. Directory. St. Petersburg: “Crystal”, M: “Onyx”, 2005.
Rice. 5. "Snowflake". Modular origami.
Rice. 6. "Airplane". Modular origami.
Rice. 7 "Pineapple". Kusudami.
Rice. 8. "Horse". Kusudami.
Rice. 9. "Little Bunny." Kusudami.
Rice. 10. “Swan”. Kusudami.
Rice. 11. “Piggy.” Kusudami.
1. Topic of work
2.Contents
3.Relevance of the topic
4.Goals and objectives
5.History of modular origami
6. Materials and tools
7. Manufacturing technology of the “Swan”
8.Conclusion
9. Application
RELEVANCE
I've been looking at you with loving eyes for a long time
On the ancient art - Origami.
There is no need for wizards and magicians here,
There's nothing special here,
You just need to take a piece of paper
And try to put something together.
I recently became acquainted with the art of ORIGAMI. This is a very exciting activity. It is available to everyone: rich and poor, children and adults. Because all you need to have is paper and desire. And then a variety of figures are born, from simple to complex: flowers, animals, castles, bizarre shapes. Just as human imagination is limitless, so is the world of origami.
Our calendar is rich in holidays. And on holidays it is customary to give gifts. When the holiday of March 8th approached, I thought for a long time about what to give to my mother. At first I wanted to buy flowers at the store, but after a while they would wither and have to be thrown away. And then I decided it was better to make a gift with my own hands. After all, a gift made with your own hands will be a decoration and will be preserved for a long, long memory. Having examined all possible options for products from modular origami, I decided to choose the “Swan” sketch. I liked this sketch the most. Since ancient times, this bird has personified purity and innocence. Therefore, it is easy to find it in most myths of antiquity. Also, the swan is considered the bird of poets, in general, all creative people who look differently at current events and life in general.
A paper swan is beautiful and amazing. This craft will make an excellent and unique gift. The main thing is to do it with soul.
Goals of my work:
Enrich your collection of figurines folded using the Origami technique;
Develop your creative abilities.
Tasks:
Study the history of this art;
Learn to work with additional literature;
Make a “Swan” bird using the Origami technique.
HISTORY OF MODULAR ORIGAMI
Origami (Japanese: “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding paper figures.
Origami, the folding of figures from paper, is a real art that has its own thousand-year history. And this really makes us all very happy and makes us all closer, because 500 years ago in Japan they folded the same paper airplanes and toys. But the history of origami begins much earlier. In Ancient China, almost 2 thousand years ago, the first paper production machine appeared. He considers this date to be the point and beginning of a new type of art. It is worth noting that a sheet of paper at that time was worth its weight in gold and the development of origami proceeded very slowly. Origami became more widely developed in Japan. At the beginning of the 8th century, paper crafts began to spread throughout monasteries.
Priests and abbots of temples made special origami paper sanbo boxes in which they served tribute to the gods. The word "origami" comes from the combination of two characters, "ori" and "kami". The first one translated means “paper”, and the second “fold”.
A few years later, every self-respecting aristocrat knew how to make origami out of paper. And 600 years later, when paper ceased to be a valuable resource, origami became the main entertainment for the Japanese people. It was then that the first flying airplanes, origami animals and origami flowers were born.
Now, in the modern world, in the 21st century, origami is an established art form and there are many types, for example, modular paper origami or artistic origami.
The first mention of modular origami is found in the Japanese book “Ranma Zushiki” by Hayato Ohoko in 1734.
Modular origami is a folding origami technique that, unlike classic origami, uses several sheets of paper in the folding process. Each individual sheet is folded into a module according to the rules of classic origami, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other, the elastic force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart. Removing the limit on the number of sheets makes it easier to create large models with complex structures
Also, a number of models of modular origami exist in the Chinese tradition of paper folding, the lotus made from “lucky paper” is especially noteworthy.
Despite the long history of modular origami, most traditional figures are still folded from a single sheet of paper. The capabilities inherent in modular origami did not develop until the 1960s, when the technique was rediscovered by Robert Neil in the United States and, later, Mitsunobu Sonobe in Japan. Since then, modular origami has developed widely and is now represented by thousands of works.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS:
Glue,
- scissors,
- white office paper,
- colored paper,
- rhinestones,
- ruler,
- a simple pencil,
- threads.
“SWAN” MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
In order to assemble the swan I needed 382 white modules and 1 red module.
Cut the A4 sheet into 16 rectangles.
How to fold a triangular origami module
1. Fold the rectangle in half
2. Bend and straighten to mark the middle line. Turn the mountain towards you
3. Fold the edges towards the middle 4. Turn over and fold the outer corners.
5. Fold the top edge with the two folded corners to form a triangle.
6. Now all that remains is to fold the resulting triangle in half from left to right. The module is ready.
- I assemble three rows, each row consists of 30 modules, and close them in a circle.
- Next, similarly to the third row, I put on the modules of the fourth and fifth rows.
- I take the resulting skirt with both hands on the left and right, with my thumbs I gently press the middle, turning the product inside out
- Next I put on the sixth row of modules in the same way as the previous one
- From the seventh row I start making wings. Using a thread I divide the modules in the middle.
On each side, it turns out 15 modules. Reducing each wing by one module.
- I turn the swan and make a tail. For the tail I needed three modules.
-We begin to fold the neck; the modules need to be connected in a different way. Take the red module and insert two corners of the white module into its two pockets. We will need 30 white modules for the neck. Strengthen the neck at two corners between the wings.
- I glue rhinestones - there will be eyes.
- My swan is ready.
CONCLUSION
There are many advantages of origami. This art allowed me to calm down and concentrate. So if you are tired, try to stop and make a figure you like from any leaf. During this time, you will be distracted, calm down, focus on a new task and enjoy practically a work of art. Origami is used by various groups of people. Artists use origami as a way to express themselves creatively. Scientists, architects and mathematicians explore origami geometry for beauty or for practical applications. Doctors and teachers use origami to help their patients recover from illness or for teaching purposes. And a huge number of people fold paper simply because it's fun.
Origami is both a children's game, a design element, and an integral attribute of folk holidays in many countries around the world. There are theaters where the characters and decorations are paper figures. Origami has a positive impact on children's development. The children improve their fine motor skills, their finger movements become more accurate (which is important for primary school students learning to write), and they develop perseverance. After all, to get a beautiful figure, you need accuracy, attention, and concentration. In addition, origami develops memory, thinking, spatial imagination, and intelligence.
Since ancient times, Japanese wisdom says:
"The Great Square has no limits."
Try to fold a simple figure,
And you will instantly be captivated by an interesting matter.
And the Origami world is like mountains,
An origamist is like a mountain climber.
Having reached the top, you will wonder more than once
The question: “What am I capable of?”
And on the difficult path to perfection,
Having spent a lot of paper and effort,
You suddenly realize that the best figurine
It becomes the one that has not yet been folded...
And in the fairy-tale kingdom of paper figurines
You will learn to be kind, to be confident,
And many different pleasant gifts
You can give it to your family and friends.
It all started a year ago, when I lived in another city and started going to a technical modeling club. I really love creating different equipment from construction sets and I was wondering how it would be possible to create equipment from paper. One day I came across the book “100 Paper Toys.” That’s how I became interested in origami. Classicorigami
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Preview:
Regional creative festival "Nadezhda"
older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren
Nomination “Creativity. Study. Success"
Direction "World of Hobbies"
Subject :
"ORIGAMI WORLD"
Completed
Filimendikov Rodion, 2b grade
MAOU Abatskaya secondary school No. 1
Supervisor:
Usoltseva Galina Ivanovna
S. Abatskoe 2012
annotation
It all started a year ago, when I lived in another city and started going to a technical modeling club. I really love creating different equipment from construction sets and I was wondering how it would be possible to create equipment from paper. One day I came across the book “100 Paper Toys.” That’s how I became interested in origami.
Classic origami consists of a square sheet of paper and involves the use of one square, evenly colored sheet of paper without glue or scissors. It was this origami technique that attracted me.
Since ancient times, Japanese wisdom says:
"The Great Square has no limits."
Try to fold a simple figure,
And instantly you will be captivated by an interesting matter.
A. E. Gaidaenko
Research hypothesis
Origami is an ancient art of paper construction that is popular and useful in the modern world.
Target:
Learn about the development of origami.
Research objectives
- Find out what origami is.
- Identify the features of origami.
- Find out what benefits origami brings.
- Teach classmates how to make products.
- Get others interested.
- Get an answer to the question: “Can anyone make origami?”
Relevance.
The ability to be creative is a distinctive feature of man, thanks to which he can live in unity with nature; everything created by the creator has always been and will be unique, original and valuable.
Manual artistic labor is a means of developing the sphere of feelings, aesthetic taste, intelligence, and creative powers. This is the main relevance of this topic.
Practical significanceThe work consists of studying the relevant literature on the problem, creating various paper products, and drawing conclusions.
Research plan
- Learn about the history of origami.
- Find out the types of paper used for origami.
- Learn the basic principles of origami folding.
- Find out what tools you need for the job
- Making crafts.
Research methods:
- Analysis of sources of information on the problem under study.
- Observation.
- Conversation.
- Processing and analysis of the obtained data.
Origami is an amazing, mysterious word. Almost every person is familiar with origami, although not all of us have heard this foreign word. Origami literally means "paper crafts". Our grandparents also made a variety of things from paper and cardboard, although the concept itself was not familiar to them. These included paper toys: boats, airplanes, paper hats and caps that protected the head from the sun's rays, and original paper souvenirs.
I wanted to learn about this interesting, fascinating and useful art.
I learned in the library that learning about origami should start with ancient history. It was there, in Ancient China, in 105 AD, that the first prerequisites for the emergence of origami appeared - the art of folding any figures from a square sheet of paper without the use of scissors and glue. As history shows, in that significant year, the official Tsai Lun made an official report to the emperor that a paper production technology had been created. For many decades, under pain of death, the Chinese kept the secret of creating a white sheet. But over time, when the monks of China began their travels to Japan, some of the secrets of this country began to travel with them. In the 7th century, the wandering Buddhist monk Dan-Ho, whom contemporaries said was rich in knowledge and knew how to make ink and paper, made his way to Japan and taught monks how to make paper using Chinese technology. Very soon, Japan was able to establish its own mass production of paper, largely ahead of China.
Japan, which created the entire origami alphabet, the basis of paper craftsmanship, officially remained the birthplace of this art. It was here that all the classic models of paper figurines and crafts that are used all over the world today were invented.
Origami came to Rus' much later. In the 19th century One of the first who learned to bend various figures from a sheet of paper were the children of Tsar Nicholas II. They were taught this skill by a philologist from Cambridge, who was invited to teach the heir to the throne. The children immediately liked this activity.
The Russian writer Leo Tolstoy also knew how to fold paper figures. In the draft for the article “What is Art,” he writes: “This winter, one mother taught me to make cockerels out of paper, folding and turning it inside out in a well-known way, which, when you pull them by the tail, flap their wings. This invention is from Japan. I love it a lot.” I once made these cockerels for children.
The tragic story of a Japanese girl from Hiroshima is well known, who, after the atomic bombing, was left an orphan, doomed to die from radiation sickness. In the hospital room, the girl was making paper cranes. In the Land of the Rising Sun, there is a legend: if you add up a thousand, any wish you have in mind will come true. After all, this bird has immortality. In Japanese homes, it is not uncommon to see huge garlands of colorful cranes. Sadako folded 644 cranes. There was still a lot left to go to a thousand. And having learned about this, children began to send paper birds from all continents to Japan. They contain a sign of compassion and mercy...
Now in origami there isthree main currents:
- The first current is traditional origami, where a square is used as a base.
- Second current - models are made up of sheets of triangular, rectangular, five-, six-, and octagonal shapes.
- Third current – modular origami, models are made from a certain, sometimes quite large number of modules of the same type.
To achieve an artistic effect, it is necessary to select the most suitable paper for each work.
Experiment: Does the clarity of the figure depend on the brightness of the color of the paper?
Conclusion: The clarity of the figure does not depend on the brightness of the color of the paper. All the figures turned out clear and expressive. Origami paper can be any color. With the help of coloring, you can diversify the figures and create entire series.
Experiment: Which paper is best for making origami crafts?
p/p | Paper quality | How does it bend? | Result |
Thin | Easily | Tears at the edges |
|
Thick/Xerox | Difficult. with effort | The figures are clearer |
|
Notebook | Easily | The figures come out clear |
|
Corrugated | Doesn't bend at all | Couldn't even make a basic form |
Conclusion: Origami paper can be anything, but it must meet several requirements:
- paper does not break when folded;
- the paper holds the fold well, that is, the craft does not open, but retains its shape;
- after unbending the fold, an even scar is visible on the paper, and not a line dotted with small folds;
- The paper has an even color and does not stain your hands.
From my little experience, I concluded that photocopy paper meets these requirements.
The basis of modern origami is the square.
Modern origami technology uses not only paper, but also other materials. For example, silk, foil, natural materials, plasticine. These materials are mainly used for decorating crafts. But I haven't done this yet.
Basic forms
I realized that I need to know very well the basic basic shapes of products, which will allow me to understand the outlines and nature of the item being manufactured, and when creating my own products, I will be able to select the most suitable base option. One important classical approach to origami design is the concept of a base. The base is a simple folded shape that can be developed into many different figures.
The names of the basic forms are the same in many countries, although these are purely conventional names and there may be variations. Triangle is one of the two simplest basic forms. In order to fold it, you only need to make one fold - draw the diagonal of the square. A book is the next simple basic form. As with folding a triangle, we only need to make one fold. Door - the basic shape of a door comes from a book. The kite is another fairly simple basic shape. It comes from a triangle. Damn - The folds of this shape seem very simple, but in my opinion it is one of the most promising basic shapes. Please note that by folding the square, we again come to a square. This means we can put it into one of the basic shapes. These base shapes are called pancake base shapes. Fish - The name speaks for itself. In front of you is a head, a tail and two fins. All that remains is to give them the desired shape. Double triangle - Another name for double triangle is water bomb. Double Square - If you turn a double square inside out, you get a double triangle. House - the name was chosen based on the appearance of the figure. Bird - A bird has wings, a head and a tail. This basic form also has them. Catamaran - a pajarita is very easily made from this shape. And also a lot of kusuda. Frog - from this shape you can make both a frog and a flower. From the basic form “ Crane ” can be folded: horse, crane, stork, elephant, cow, reindeer, monkey, crow, spaniel, sparrow, grasshopper, dragonfly, Buddha mask, standing crane, star... From the basic shape" Hat " can be folded: gorilla, sombrero, frog, sea turtle, flowers, bat, rocket... From the basic shape " Camel " can be folded: giraffe, camel, hare, kangaroo, squirrel, baby elephant, swan, carp, sheep, deer, Death mask, donkey, flowers... From the basic shape " Pony ” can be folded: a jumping pony, a lantern, Japanese opera masks, hydrangea, photo frames, an ornament... Naturally, a deer made from the base form “Crane” will differ from a deer made from the base form “Camel”, not only in execution technique, but also according to the capabilities of that basic form. Basic forms also include modules, which serve as the basis for the production of not only geometric and architectural forms, but also the creation of figurines of animals, birds and flowers. The number of modules used to make a figurine can vary from four to several hundred. Basically, they are held together without the help of glue; for this purpose, the modules have various combinations of pockets and flaps. The main requirement for modules is their complete identity. Even small deviations in dimensions often lead to the impossibility of assembling the product.
From a conversation with my grandparents, I found out that every person probably at least once in his life created the simplest product from a square sheet of paper - a boat or an airplane. And in those days, when stores did not have such a selection of straw hats and panama hats, in the summer they often made themselves a “cap” from a newspaper. Both the paper boats and the cap are made using the origami principle.
The concept of "origami" comes from the Japanese language. The Japanese themselves were the founders of this art form. Literally translated, it means “folded paper,” since “ori” translates to “folded” and kama means “paper.” The Japanese understand origami as “the art of a whole sheet”, i.e. its initial condition is the continuity of a sheet of paper, its integrity without any kind of interference, additions or other actions in relation to it. Only bending or folding the sheet.
What do you need to start working with paper?
In the international literature on origami, a certain set of conventional signs has long been formed, necessary in order to sketch the folding diagram of even the most complex product. Conventional signs play the role of a kind of “notes”, following which you can reproduce any work. Every origamist should know these signs and be able to use them for notes.
1. Arrows
2. Lines
3. Signs
In simple/classic form, origami requires only a square piece of paper, but there are also tools and materials that can help expand your experience in mastering the art of origami.
Cutting tools
Cutter with circular knife.It is a rectangular base (work table), along which the cutting mechanism moves along a guide. It, in turn, consists of a sharpened metal disk enclosed in a protective casing.
Manual disc knife (Roller knife).The rotating knife is designed to work with various materials: paper, cardboard, fabric, vinyl, etc. Easy to use. The removable sharp blade makes it easy to use for both left- and right-handed people. The fabric will not slip during operation.
Figure cutter easily cuts out any shape using a special stencil; it cannot be replaced when creating decorative elements for pages and postcards. Some models of shape cutters can be used without a stencil.
Stationery knife for paper.I think this is the most common tool for cutting paper after scissors. A utility knife is primarily used for cutting paper, while offering good versatility. Thanks to the exceptional sharpness of the blade, stationery knives are simply irreplaceable where thin, precise cuts of material are required.
Scissors. Humanity has known about scissors and used them for more than three thousand years. Over time, many different types of scissors have appeared, from manual to industrial.
Scissors are needed to reduce large sheets of paper, bringing them to the size that can be worked with cutters or a knife. Scissors are also necessary for cutting out non-standard shapes.
Scissors with curly blades.Necessary for cutting out patterned edges. This could be a wave, zigzag, scallop, etc. pattern.
Cutting mat.Do not forget that when working with a knife, you should use a special mat to prevent damage to the workbench.
Folding blades and folding bones
Special blades and folding bones can be used to mark folds.
Ejection Tools
When working with small parts or small models, bent corners cannot always be corrected by hand; this requires thin and long tools that can be found in any apartment - wooden sticks (toothpicks), long needles or straightened paper clips.
Conclusion:
- While working on this topic, I realized that this art form is very popular in the world;
- Origami develops imagination and fantasy, as it provides a great opportunity for improvisation with paper; visual memory; intelligence and resourcefulness, because an origami product cannot simply be mechanically folded; the hand, because the fingers work, thinking is formed; attentiveness, because when adding, you need to constantly monitor your actions; balance, self-confidence and self-confidence as a person; aesthetic taste; patience because the product cannot be received immediately; organization. I really like to add something of my own to the product, it turns out well.
- Origami is a way to decorate a room. Origami products can take their rightful place in any home and attract the admiring glances of guests. https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Research methods:
No. Manufactured figurines Product color Result 1 Seagull on the water Yellow Clear, expressive figurine 2 Crane Blue Clear, expressive figurine 3 Seal Red Clear, expressive figurine
No. Paper quality How does it bend? Result 1 Thin Easily Tears at the edges 2 Thick/Xerox Difficult. with effort The figures become clearer 3 Notebook Easy The figures turn out clear 4 Corrugated Does not bend at all It was not possible to make even the basic shape
Fold line “valley”, “towards you” Fold line “towards you” Bend and straighten Existing line, trace of the fold Invisible, hidden line
Rotate the figure Flip the figure Accordion fold Pull out, open, turn out, unfold Press, push in Make a cut Blow, inflate
Align marked points Move layers of paper apart Equal angles, equal segments, right angle
Cutter Manual circular cutter Utility knife Folding blades
The magical art of origamiResearch
2015
TABLE OF CONTENTSREFERENCES 12
Another famous Russian master is Tatyana Nikolaevna Prosnyakova (Appendix 2, photo 11). She is the author of the idea and the head of the “Country of Masters” website, which is popular among children and lovers of handmade crafts not only in our country. You can verify this by visiting her blog. Tatyana Nikolaevna is the author of textbooks and books on artistic work for elementary schools. She conducts master classes and online courses on the subject of technology and art for children and adults. It is always difficult to find an empty seat in the audience during her master classes.
The family of Victoria and Vladimir Serov is famous for their unusual works (Appendix 2, photo 13). They also run their own website and publish books on origami. Victoria runs an origami club at the children's library. Mothers with children, grandmothers with grandchildren, pensioners, kindergarten teachers, and origami teachers from schools and orphanages come to her classes. She welcomes everyone - both children and adults; there is an interesting activity for everyone. I first became acquainted with origami at school (ships, airplanes, firecrackers, etc.), but I heard the word “origami” in the fifth grade, when a mathematics teacher gave her a diagram of a Japanese crane. In 2000, I gained access to the Internet, and my childhood hobby flared up with renewed vigor. At first I folded them according to other people’s patterns, then the author’s figures appeared, which can be seen on the Serovs’ website.
Victoria is very supported in her creative endeavors by her husband, who himself is the author of wonderful works. He came up with his first original work - a flying airplane - while still in elementary school. Vladimir approaches design and creation strictly mathematically, trying to verify and justify every fold, while Victoria improvises more. Some works are the result of their joint creativity.
4. MODULAR ORIGAMI IN KARGOPOLYE
At exhibitions of different levels, you can increasingly see various works using the modular origami technique. How did modular origami appear in our Kargopol region? On this issue, I turned to my teacher, the head of the “Modular Origami” association. Elena Nikolaevna said that the first works appeared in our city 5-6 years ago. These were figurines of swans. She saw her first craft using this technique at an exhibition at the Snezhinka kindergarten. The label indicated the author of this work - Elena Valerievna Dedova.
Elena Nikolaevna believes that modular origami develops not only fine motor skills of the hands, but also attention, memory, imagination, and spatial thinking. And my teacher also has her own page on Tatyana Prosnyakova’s website “Country of Masters”, where she shares her master classes with everyone.
During the research, I was able to meet Elena Valerievna Dedova. From a conversation with Elena Valerievna, I learned that she became acquainted with this technique in the city of Severodvinsk. She was literally mesmerized by the figures of snow-white swans that she saw at a friend’s house. Elena Valerievna's first work was a figurine of a swan.
CONCLUSION
I think that I achieved my goal, as I learned a lot of new and interesting things about the history of origami. The closer I became acquainted with this technique, the more mysterious and attractive the world of transforming a sheet of paper into intricate figures became.
As a result of research, I found out that residents of our small town of Kargopol also collect figurines using this technique. My teacher Elena Nikolaevna introduced many people to modular origami.
The information that I now have will definitely be useful to me in the future in history lessons at school, and I will definitely introduce it to my classmates and friends.
I realized that modular origami has won a huge number of fans in Russia not by chance:
The origami figures are based on a simple module; they can be folded by children, adults, and pensioners.
The modules can be folded everywhere - at home, in the car, while watching a movie.
Modules can be used to create models of any complexity and size - from the simplest to the complex and time-consuming.
has a positive effect on memory, because in order to make a craft, we must remember the sequence of its manufacture, as well as folding methods.
This type of creativity wonderfully brings the whole family together, since it allows everyone to contribute to the creation of beauty.
