What is the energy of people like? Strong human energy: signs. Other types of non-traditional energy
The most important thing in communication is to feel comfortable, confident and understand what is really going on.
How to protect yourself from wasting energy when communicating?
There are different energy types of people, behavior patterns and methods of protection during interaction (classification by Grigory Kapits).
*"Energy leeches" –
Most often, these are the people with whom a person is forced to communicate constantly: colleagues, acquaintances and even relatives. “Leeches” exist only because there is always a donor for them. They always try to be nearby and “stick to each other.”
Spiritual self-improvement. Rejection of everything negative. Since a person who is unable to get rid of a grudge loses energy and protective forces, his field shell “looses” and he becomes accessible to energy-informational influence. His energy “goes to the side.” Don't let this happen!
"Energy Stickers"
When meeting someone, without waiting for questions, they begin to throw out a stream of negative energy, laying out all the ins and outs. They do not take energy directly, like "leeches". Invading a person’s living space, they try to stay there for a long time, strive to always be nearby, call, write letters, constantly remind about themselves, ask for advice, talk endlessly about themselves. And then they will try to blame you that this happened because of your advice. It can be difficult to avoid communicating with them.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Stop attempts to get closer, so that later you don’t have to suffer from “unnecessary friendship”, try not to give advice and talk less about yourself. Protect yourself!
"Energy Samoyeds"
Samoyeds can become fixated on certain experiences. Having once experienced a negative event, they constantly “chew” the details of what happened. They withdraw and consciously refuse to communicate with other people. They create negative energy within themselves and then inflate it to enormous proportions. And they cannot intelligently redistribute energy within themselves.
Methods of protection and how not to become one of them are bioenergetic exchange with clean energy sources, with nature. Walking in the forest (trees that take and give energy), water treatments, communication with pets, physical and energy practices.
"Energy dummies"
“Energy dummies” have virtually no energy-information exchange; they do not want to share energy and do not know where to get it. And they replenish it mainly through food or contemplation of things that belong to them. But every person, at least once in his life, has had moments of emptiness in his soul, when his strength is gone, he doesn’t want anything, doesn’t want to sleep, doesn’t want to eat and doesn’t want to move. The main thing is not to fall into this consciously.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them, this is - here you need someone to “shake up” such a person, call him along, “throw in” an interesting idea and the strength to return. And if there is no such person, recognize and classify a similar condition in yourself. And this is already half the solution to the problem, if you understand what is happening. Rest, gain strength and consciously get out of this state.
*"Energy intermediaries"
The “transfer” of negative energy from them occurs because they have a very good energy-information exchange. They are able to accept energy, but are weak to resist negative effects. For example, a person talked about some unseemly act, energetically “shifting” part of the guilt that oppresses him onto his friend. And he, having received this energy information, realizing that he cannot cope with it himself, passes it on to someone else.
Also, a person cannot remain silent for a long time about some pleasant event, significant energetically, which is difficult to cope with.
Many people are “energy intermediaries” to one degree or another.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Here, ways to utilize negative energy come to the fore. And conscious redistribution and energy-information exchange of positive energy with the external environment.
"Energy filters"
Most often, due to circumstances, “energy intermediaries” become “filters”, capable of passing through themselves a huge amount of both negative and positive energy. Often these are workers in various social services and similar professions who have to delve into various situations.
The received information is processed and returned in a processed form to its source. The original energy now carries a different charge, due to the fact that the negative remained on the “filter” and positive energy was added. “Energy filters” often find themselves in stressful situations.
The first thing is to understand that not everyone is able to become filters (change jobs, etc.).
It is necessary to develop immunity to the spread of “energy residue” through your energy channels.
Constant cleansing is necessary, since spontaneous splashing out of negativity on others is very dangerous. Any filter gets clogged and a person, even one resistant to external influences, has a limit.
An emergency way of cleansing is to wash your face with cold water, drink hot sweet tea, “talk” with trees that consume energy (poplar, spruce, willow, aspen, etc.)
"Energy Lost" –
Where do we lose energy? This includes unproductive communication and “empty” TV shows, magazines, chatter, books that do not provide any food for thought, but only take up time and energy. This also includes laziness (not to be confused with the need for rest).
Representatives of this energy type act either as a donor or as an acceptor, depending on who they “run into”. They are usually curious. And they themselves “run into trouble” by asking “unnecessary” questions, causing anger and bewilderment.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Obviously, the first thing you need to stop is the loss of energy in empty pastime. And start taking actions that have a purpose and produce results.
"Energy absorbers"
Both donors and acceptors can play this role. These are very sensitive people, with accelerated energy-information exchange. Those who like to get involved in other people's lives, influence other people's bioenergy, with a desire to help. There are two categories of this type.
The first type are people who try not to miss a drop of any energy, neither negative nor positive. They are easily and strongly offended, quickly forget the grievances, etc. The other category is one that loses a lot of positive energy and takes on a lot of negative energy. By actively delving into people’s problems, aligning other people’s biofields, their accelerated exchange turns against them.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Classify this type of energy and remember that you can influence someone else’s bioenergy only for the purpose of self-defense. Manipulations sooner or later turn against the person himself, and then it won’t seem too bad. Since it is difficult to save a person from the constant absorption of negative energy attracted by the principle of similarity.
"Energy Walls"
Such people are often called “impenetrable”; troubles simply bounce off them. These people “reflect” troubles. The problem is that the bounced negative energy does not always reach the person who sent it. And to those who happen to be nearby, it is dangerous to be friends with them.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Classify the situation and keep it under control, do not get caught in the crossfire. And in order not to become like this, do not isolate yourself from the world, from nature, balance your energy exchange.
"Energy Mirrors"
Positive and negative energy directed to the person “mirror” returns to the one who sent it. This property of certain people taught us to use this technique consciously to protect ourselves from directed flows of negative energy.
But with people “mirrors” it’s not so simple. For them, all information leaves its mark and tends to accumulate. By how the “mirrors” treat us, we can judge what we are like.
Ways to protect yourself and how not to become one of them are:
Classify the situation and keep it under control. And in order not to become like this, do not isolate yourself from the world, from nature, constantly cleanse yourself energetically, balance your energy exchange.
Well, in general, understand that we live in a world of free will, no one will take anything away from you until we agree with this.
In order for any defense to work, you just need to remain calm.
And the main rule on how not to become an acceptor is to never allow negative emotions to control you.
And if you are still devastated, you need to get your strength back as soon as possible. Take a contrast shower, imagining that all negative energy is being washed away from you along with the water.
Technique – Removing a communication channel that arose during the energy-informational interaction of a person
Calm down, relax, you can close your eyes.
Imagine a communication channel in the form of two tubes. According to one, the energy “leaves” from you to the acceptor, according to the other, from it to you. Mentally cut both channels with the edge of your palm (mental scissors, etc.). Close your two ends to yourself and mentally insert them into your body. Throw the other ends towards the imaginary acceptor.
This will remove the acceptor and stop the loss of energy.
Wash your hands up to the elbows with cold water. And sit quietly to balance yourself.
Drink hot tea and go for a walk in a nearby park.
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Esotericists say that we all have a certain energy. We often hear that people are divided into vampires (those who absorb other people's energy) and donors (those who give their energy to others). Or that some people have positive energy, while others have negative energy. But is it really that simple? In fact, there are many more energy types, depending on the method of generating, storing and releasing energy."Leeches"
In general, the same as “vampires”. They may be among our loved ones, friends, colleagues, neighbors. They are not able to replenish their energy from outer space, so they try to “suck” it from those around them. As a rule, by creating, showing aggression, starting quarrels and arguments, and thereby trying to unsettle the potential “source”. The result is the same - the “leeches” take away the vital forces of the “donor”, after which they themselves feel a surge of vigor, while the “donor” feels like a squeezed lemon and may in some cases even experience serious malaise. "Stuck"
They also have a low level of energy, so they strive to replenish its supply at the expense of others. As soon as they find a more or less suitable “donor,” they “stick” to him. From the outside it looks like a desire for friendship. “Sticky people” are intrusive, they constantly call, look for meetings, ask for advice and complain to the “donor” about life. If he refuses to help or communicate with them, they immediately accuse him of all mortal sins and thus also receive their “portion” of energy."Sinkers"
They love to get involved in other people's lives and influence them. There are two types of "absorbers". Representatives of the first type are capable of absorbing everything. They are touchy, but quickly move away.Representatives of the second type absorb negative energy and give out positive energy. They love to help people, often care for the sick, engage in rehabilitation of alcoholics or drug addicts, charity work... Although they usually influence the energy of other people positively, their characteristic accelerated energy exchange often drains them.
"Plants"
In essence, this is, but they are too interested in the lives of others. Attempts to delve into other people's affairs cause them a lot of problems: they are accused of excessive curiosity, gossip and other sins. Often they hear: “Mind your own business!” when they sincerely want to help or give advice. Unfortunately, outwardly their behavior looks repulsive and alarming."Samoyeds"
They are fixated on their own experiences, but do not want to share them with anyone, they lead a secluded lifestyle, are uncommunicative, and do not like to talk about themselves. They have problems with the redistribution of energy and therefore they store huge reserves of negativity inside themselves, which are not spent anywhere. This usually leads to illness and other troubles. "Mirrors"
Such people tend to “reflect” other people’s energy. If such a person encounters someone who sends him a “negative” charge, he “returns” it. Therefore, those who have so-called “negative” energy try not to contact the “mirror”. But people with “positive” energy, on the contrary, will try to maintain a relationship with him, since communication with the “mirror” will periodically fill them with positive emotions and energy."Walls"
Such people are called “thick-skinned” and “impenetrable.” Any attacks against them simply “bounce off” from them. However, unfortunately, the charges do not return to those who sent them, but are scattered in space and can hit those who are next to the “wall” at that moment. If someone is shouted at in your presence, he doesn’t care, but you feel simply terrible - this is an undoubted sign that bad energy addressed to the “wall” person has hit you."Intermediaries"
They are good “receivers” of energy, but do not know how to reflect negative influences. However, they are able to transmit negative information further along the “chain”. So, if a person is told something bad, he will definitely share it with his friends. True, the same thing happens if the information is positive. The type of energy “intermediaries” is one of the most common."Filters"
Such people are capable of passing through themselves any amount of energy with any “charge” - both positive and negative. But at the same time, all negative energy is “filtered”, and positive energy returns to the “source”. Such people make good and professional priests, psychologists, diplomats, and peacemakers.Now try to determine which type you and your environment belong to. You may learn a lot about yourself and those you interact with most often. If you belong to such types as “leech”, “stuck” or, say, “samoyed”, then you definitely need to work on yourself and harmonize your energy.
People use different types of energy for everything from moving themselves to sending astronauts into space.
There are two types of energy:
- ability to commit (potential)
- actual work (kinetic)
Available in various forms:
- heat (thermal)
- light (radiant)
- movement (kinetic)
- electric
- chemical
- nuclear power
- gravitational
For example, the food that a person eats contains chemicals and the person's body stores it until he or she uses it as kinetics during work or life.
Classification of types of energy
People use different types of resources: electricity in their homes, produced by burning coal, a nuclear reaction, or a hydroelectric power station on a river. Thus, coal, nuclear and hydro are called source. When people fill their fuel tank with gasoline, the source could be petroleum or even grain growing and processing.
Energy sources are divided into two groups:
- Renewable
- Non-renewable
Renewable and non-renewable sources can be used as primary energy sources such as heat or used to produce secondary energy sources such as electricity.
When people use electricity in their homes, the electricity is likely created by burning coal or natural gas, a nuclear reaction or hydroelectric power plant on a river, or from several sources. People use crude oil (non-renewable) to fuel their cars, but they can also use biofuels (renewable) like ethanol, which is made from processed corn.
Renewable
There are five main renewable energy sources:
- Solar
- Geothermal heat inside the Earth
- Wind energy
- Biomass from plants
- Hydropower from running water
Biomass, which includes wood, biofuels and biomass waste, is the largest source of renewable energy, accounting for about half of all renewables and about 5% of total consumption.
Non-renewable
Most of the resources currently consumed come from non-renewable sources:
- Petroleum products
- Liquefied hydrocarbon gas
- Natural gas
- Coal
- Nuclear power
Non-renewable energy accounts for about 90% of all resources used.
Does fuel consumption change over time?
Sources of energy consumed change over time, but change occurs slowly. For example, coal was once widely used as a heating fuel for homes and commercial buildings, but the specific use of coal for these purposes has declined over the past half-century.
Although the share of renewable fuels in total primary energy consumption is still relatively small, its use is growing in all sectors. In addition, the use of natural gas in the electricity sector has increased in recent years due to low natural gas prices, while the use of coal in this system has declined.
Issues covered:
1. Definition of energy.
2. Types of energy
3. Purpose and use of energy.
In the world around us, matter exists in the form of matter, field and physical vacuum. In the form of matter and field, matter has mass, momentum, and energy. A necessary condition for any action, interaction and existence in general is the consumption of energy, the exchange of energy. In human society, the level of culture, both material and spiritual, is closely related to the amount of energy consumed. The level of energy availability determines the economy of any country. So what is energy?
1. Energy and its types
Energy- the universal basis of natural phenomena, the basis of culture and all human activity. At the same time, energy means quantitative assessment of the various forms of motion of matter that can transform one into another.
According to the concepts of physical science, energy is This is the ability of a body or system of bodies to do work.
There are about 20 scientifically proven types of energy in nature. There are also different classifications of types and forms of energy. A person in his daily life most often encounters the following types of energy: mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, thermal, chemical, atomic (intranuclear), gravitational and other types. In practice, only 4 types of energy are directly used: thermal ( 70-75%), mechanical (20-22%), electric(3-5%), electromagnetic– light (15%).
More than two-thirds of all energy consumed is used in the form of heat for technical needs, heating, cooking, the remaining part is used in the form of mechanical energy, primarily in transport installations, and electrical energy. Moreover, the share of electrical energy use is constantly increasing.
If energy– the result of a change in the state of motion of material points or bodies, then it is called kinetic; it includes the mechanical energy of movement of bodies, thermal energy due to the movement of molecules.
If energy is the result of a change in the relative arrangement of parts of a given system or its position in relation to other bodies, then it is called potential; it includes the energy of masses attracted by the law of universal gravitation, the energy of the position of homogeneous particles, for example, the energy of an elastic deformed body, chemical energy.
Energy in natural science, depending on its nature, is divided into the following types.
Mechanical energy– manifests itself during the interaction and movement of individual bodies or particles. It includes the energy of movement or rotation of a body, the energy of deformation during bending, stretching, twisting, and compression of elastic bodies (springs). This energy is most widely used in various machines - transport and technological.
Thermal energy– the energy of disordered (chaotic) movement and interaction of molecules of substances. Thermal energy, most often obtained by burning various types of fuel, is widely used for heating and carrying out numerous technological processes (heating, melting, drying, evaporation, distillation, etc.).
Electric Energy– energy of electrons (electric current) moving along an electrical circuit. Electrical energy is used to obtain mechanical energy using electric motors and carry out mechanical processes for processing materials: crushing, grinding, mixing; for carrying out electrochemical reactions; obtaining thermal energy in electric heating devices and furnaces; for direct processing of materials (electrical discharge machining).
This type of energy is the most advanced due to the following factors:
Possibility of obtaining it in large quantities near fossil fuel deposits or water sources;
Ease of transportation over long distances with relatively small losses;
Ability to transform into other types of energy;
No environmental pollution;
Possibility of creating fundamentally new technological processes with a high degree of automation and robotization of production.
Magnetic energy– the energy of permanent magnets, which have a large supply of energy, but “give it away” very reluctantly. When electric current passes through a circuit, a magnetic field is created around the conductor. Electrical and magnetic energies are closely interrelated with each other, each of them can be considered as the “reverse” side of the other. Since electrical and magnetic energy are closely related, in practice the concept of electromagnetic energy is used.
Electromagnetic energy– is the energy of electromagnetic waves, i.e. moving electric and magnetic fields. It includes visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays and radio waves.
The listed radiation ranges differ in wavelength (and frequency):
Radio waves – more than 10 -2 cm;
Infrared radiation – 2*10 -4 – 7.4*10 -5;
Visible light - 7.4*10 -5 -4*10 -5; (420-760 nm);
Ultraviolet radiation - 4*10 -5 -10 -6;
X-ray radiation – 10 -5 -10 -12;
Gamma radiation – more than 10 -12 cm.
Nuclear power– energy localized in the nuclei of atoms of radioactive substances. It is released during the fission of heavy nuclei (nuclear reaction) or the fusion of light nuclei (thermonuclear reaction).
There is also an old name for this type of energy - atomic energy, but this name does not accurately reflect the essence of the phenomena leading to the release of colossal amounts of energy, most often in the form of thermal and mechanical.
Gravitational energy- energy caused by the interaction (gravity) of massive bodies, it is especially noticeable in outer space. In terrestrial conditions, this is, for example, the energy “stored” by a body raised to a certain height above the Earth’s surface - the energy of gravity.
Often isolated into special types of energy biological and mental energy. However, according to modern views of natural science, mental and biological processes are a special group of physical and chemical processes, but they are carried out on the basis of the types of energy described above.
Thus, depending on the level of manifestation, we can distinguish energy of the macrocosm– gravitational, energy of interaction of bodies – mechanical, energy of molecular interactions – thermal,
Towards energy, formed at the level microworld, include – the energy of atomic interactions – chemical; radiation energy – electromagnetic; energy contained in the nuclei of atoms - nuclear.
Modern science does not exclude the existence of other types of energy that have not yet been recorded, but do not violate the unified natural scientific picture of the world and the concept of energy and the law of conservation of energy.
In the International System of Units SI as energy units accepted Joule(J). 1 J equivalent
1 newton x meter (Nm). If calculations are related to heat, to the calculation of the energy of biological objects and many other types of energy, then an extra-systemic unit is used as a unit of energy - calorie(cal) or kilocalorie (kcal), 1cal = 4.18 J. To measure electrical energy, a unit such as Watt hour(Wh, kWh, MWh), 1 Wh=3.6 MJ. To measure mechanical energy, use the value 1 kg m = 9.8 J.
Energy directly extracted from nature (energy of fuel, water, wind, thermal energy of the Earth, nuclear), and which can be converted into electrical, thermal, mechanical, chemical is called primary. In accordance with the classification of energy resources based on exhaustibility, primary energy can also be classified. In Fig. Figure 1 shows a classification scheme for primary energy.
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Energy of sea waves
Biological fuel
Wind energy
Solar energy
Non-traditional types of energy
Gaseous fuels
Liquid fuels
Solid fuels
Atomic Energy
River hydropower
Organic fuel
Traditional types of energy
Primary Energy
Rice. 1. Classification of primary energy
The energy received by a person after converting primary energy in special installations - stations is called secondary(electric energy, steam energy, hot water, etc.).
A little more than half of all energy consumed is used in the form of heat for technical needs, heating, cooking, the remaining part is used in the form of mechanical energy, primarily in transport installations, and electrical energy.
Electrical energy can rightfully be considered the basis of modern civilization. This is due to its advantages and ease of use. The vast majority of technical means of mechanization and automation of production processes (equipment, instruments, computers), the replacement of human labor with machine labor in everyday life, have an electrical basis.
Electric Energy– the most universal type of energy. It has found wide application in everyday life and in all sectors of the national economy. There are over four hundred types of electrical household appliances: refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, fans, televisions, tape recorders, lighting devices, etc. It is impossible to imagine industry without electrical energy. In agriculture, the use of electricity is continuously expanding: feeding and watering animals, caring for them, heating and ventilation, incubators, air heaters, dryers, etc. Electrification- the basis of technical progress in any sector of the national economy. It allows you to replace inconvenient energy resources with a universal type of energy - electrical energy, which can be transmitted to any distance, converted into other types of energy, for example, mechanical or thermal, and divided among consumers.
Advantages of electricity:
1. Electrical energy is universal; it can be used for a variety of purposes. In particular, it is very easy to turn it into heat and light. This is done, for example, in electric light sources (incandescent light bulbs), in technological furnaces used in metallurgy, in various heating and heating devices. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is used in electric motor drives.
2. When electrical energy is consumed, it can be crushed endlessly. Thus, the power of electric machines varies depending on their purpose: from fractions of a watt in micromotors used in many branches of technology and in household products, to huge values exceeding a million kilowatts in power plant generators.
3. In the process of producing and transmitting electrical energy, it is possible to concentrate its power, increase the voltage and transmit through wires both short and long distances any amount of electrical energy from the power plant where it is generated to all its consumers.
The development of natural science throughout the life of mankind has irrefutably proven that energy is never created from nothing and is not destroyed without a trace, it only passes from one form to another, i.e.
the sum of all types of energy remains constant. This is the essence of one of the most fundamental laws of the Universe - law of energy conservation.
In any discussion of issues related to the use of energy, it is necessary to distinguish the energy of ordered movement, known in technology as free energy(mechanical, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, nuclear) and energy of chaotic movement, i.e. heat. Any form of free energy can be almost completely used. At the same time, the chaotic energy of heat, when converted into mechanical energy, is lost in the form of heat. We are unable to completely order the random movement of molecules, turning its energy into free energy. Moreover, at present there is practically no way to directly convert chemical and nuclear energy into electrical and mechanical energy, which are the most used ones. It is necessary to convert the internal energy of substances into thermal, and then into mechanical or electrical with large inevitable heat losses. Thus, all types of energy, after performing useful work, are converted into heat at a lower temperature, which is practically unsuitable for further use.
The law of conservation of energy has been confirmed in various fields - from Newtonian mechanics to nuclear physics. Moreover, the law of conservation of energy is not only a figment of imagination or a generalization of experiments. This is why we can completely agree with the statement of one of the greatest theoretical physicists, Poincaré: “Since we are unable to give a general definition of energy, the principle of its conservation means that there is something that remains constant. Therefore, no matter what new ideas about the world future experiments lead us to, we know in advance: they will contain something that remains constant, which can be called ENERGY.”
The educational discipline "Fundamentals of Energy Saving" is designed to equip the future specialist with knowledge of general laws and approaches to calculating processes that arise during the receipt, transformation and transfer of energy.
3. Problems of human energy use
Of all types of energy resources, solar energy is of particular importance. All types of energy resources are the result of natural transformations of solar energy. Coal, oil, natural gas, peat, oil shale and firewood are reserves of radiant energy from the Sun, extracted and transformed by plants. During the reaction of photosynthesis, organic matter is formed in plants from inorganic elements of the environment - water H 2 O and carbon dioxide CO 2 - under the influence of sunlight, the main element of which is carbon WITH. In a certain geological epoch over millions of years, organic energy resources were formed from dead plants under the influence of pressure and temperature conditions, which, in turn, are the result of a specific amount of energy from the Sun falling on the Earth, the basis of which is carbon previously accumulated in plants . Water energy is also obtained from solar energy, which evaporates water and raises steam into the high layers of the atmosphere. Wind arises due to different temperatures of heating by the Sun at different points of our planet. In addition, the direct radiation from the Sun falling on the Earth's surface has enormous energy potential.
Thus, the formation of organic fuel is the result, on the one hand, of natural transformations of solar energy, and on the other, the result of thermal, mechanical and biological effects over many centuries on the remains of flora and fauna, deposited in all geological formations. All of these fuels are carbon-based, and energy is released from them primarily through the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Throughout its existence, humanity has used the energy accumulated by nature over billions of years. At the same time, the methods of its use were constantly improved in order to obtain maximum efficiency.
Thus, at the very beginning of its evolutionary development, man was only able to energy of the muscles of his body
. Later man learned to receive and use fire energy
. The next round of evolutionary development of human society brought the opportunity to use water and wind energy
- the first water and windmills, water wheels, and sailing ships appeared, using the power of the wind to move. In the 18th century, the steam engine was invented, in which thermal energy
, obtained by burning coal or wood, was converted into the energy of mechanical movement. In the 19th century, the voltaic arc and electric lighting were discovered, the electric motor was invented, and then the electric generator - which was the beginning of the century electricity
. The 20th century represented a true revolution in mankind’s development of ways to obtain and use energy: thermal, hydraulic, and nuclear power plants of enormous power were built, high-, ultra- and ultra-high-voltage electrical energy transmission lines were constructed, new methods of producing, converting and transmitting electricity were being developed ( controlled thermonuclear reaction, magnetohydrodynamic generator, superconducting turbogenerators, etc.), powerful energy systems are created. At the same time, powerful oil and gas supply systems appeared.
Thus, the world around us has a truly inexhaustible source of various types of energy. Some of them are not yet fully used even today - energy of the Sun, energy of interaction between the Earth and the Moon, energy of thermonuclear fusion, heat energy of the Earth
.
Energy now plays a decisive role in the development of human civilization. There is a close relationship between energy consumption and output volume. Energy is of great importance in the life of mankind. The level of its development reflects the level of development of the productive forces of society, the possibilities of scientific and technological progress and the standard of living of the population. Unfortunately, most of the energy consumed by humans turns into waste heat due to the low efficiency of using available energy resources.
The approximate distribution of energy consumed per year in the world is given in Table. 1.1. The amount of energy is given in the amount of coal in megatons(Mt), which upon combustion would give the same energy.
About 400 Mt is used annually to feed people, of which about 40 Mt is converted into useful labor. About 800 Mt are spent on domestic needs, and 1000 Mt on public production.
Table1.1
Annual energy consumption in the world
|
Energy form
|
Quantity, Mt |
Source |
|
Human nutrition and livestock feed |
650 |
sunlight (present) |
|
Firewood |
150 |
sunlight (in past) |
|
Hydroelectric power stations |
100 |
Water movement |
|
Coal, oil, gas, peat |
6 600 |
sunlight (in past) |
Thus, out of an annual consumption of 7500 Mt, 2200 Mt is usefully used, the rest is wasted in the form of heat. But humanity cannot even boast of an efficiency of 2200/7500 Mt, since the solar radiation falling on the Earth, amounting to 10,000,000 Mt per year, is not taken into account.
Rice. 2 Distribution of solar energy.
The unevenness of energy use by the population is presented in Fig. 3.
Rice. 3. Uneven use of energy by the population.
Energy played a decisive role in the development of civilization. Energy consumption and information accumulation has approximately the same pattern of change over time, there is a close connection between energy consumption and the volume of output. It has been established that to satisfy the physiological needs of modern man, approximately the same amount of energy is required as that of primitive man. At the same time, the growth in energy consumption is astonishingly high. But it is thanks to him that a person can devote a significant part of his life to leisure, education, creative activity, and has achieved his current high life expectancy.
We consider energy as something necessary that can work for us.
Supplying society with energy is necessary for: heating premises, ensuring movement, producing the goods we need, maintaining the functionality of various machines, mechanisms, instruments, cooking, lighting, maintaining life, etc.
These examples of energy applications can be divided into three large groups:
A)power supply . It is more expensive than other types of energy: wheat is much more expensive per Joule than coal. Nutrition provides heat to maintain body temperature, energy for its movement, for mental and physical labor;
b) energy in the form of heat for heating homes and cooking. It makes it possible to live in different climatic conditions and diversify the human diet;
V) energy to ensure the functioning of social production. This is energy for the production of goods and services, the physical movement of people and goods in space, to maintain the functionality of all communication systems. The cost of this energy per capita is much higher than the cost of energy for food.
Unfortunately, the dynamics of the development of civilization are such that every year humanity requires more and more energy for its existence and development. Despite the presence of a large amount of energy resources and the use of various types of energy by humanity, the rate of consumption of energy resources significantly exceeds the ability of nature to renew them. This primarily concerns non-renewable natural resources. Human needs are growing, there are more and more people, and this causes gigantic volumes of energy production and growth rates of its consumption. Today, traditional energy sources (various fuels, hydro resources) and technologies for their use are no longer capable of providing the required level of energy supply to society, because these are non-renewable sources. And although the proven reserves of natural fuels are very large, problem of depletion of natural reserves at the current and projected pace of their development, it is becoming a real and near future. Already today, a number of fields, due to depletion, turn out to be unsuitable for industrial development, and for oil and gas, for example, one has to go to hard-to-reach, remote territories, to ocean shelves, etc. Serious forecasters prove that if current volumes and growth rates of energy consumption remain at 3...5% (and they will undoubtedly be even higher), reserves of organic fuels will completely dry up in 70 - 150 years.
Another factor limiting a significant increase in energy production through fuel combustion is all Increasing environmental pollution from waste from energy production. This waste is significant in weight and contains a large number of various harmful components. Thus, when producing 106 kWh of electricity at a modern power plant operating on solid fuel, 14,000 kg of slag, 80,000 kg of ash, 1,000,000 kg of carbon dioxide, 14,000 kg of sulfur dioxide, 4,000 kg of nitrogen oxides are discharged into the environment. 100,000 kg of water vapor, as well as compounds of fluorine, arsenic, vanadium and other elements. But the amount of electricity generated per year amounts to hundreds and thousands of billions of kilowatt-hours! This is where acid rain comes from, poisoning of farmland and water bodies and similar phenomena. Moreover, nature is no longer able to process these contaminants using natural physicochemical and microbiological methods and restore itself.
Nuclear power poses environmental problems of a different kind. They are related to the need to prevent the release of nuclear fuel into the environment and reliable disposal of nuclear waste, which at the current level of development of technology and technology is associated with great difficulties.
No less harmful is thermal pollution of the environment environment that can lead to global warming of the Earth's climate, melting glaciers and rising sea levels. In light of the above, the widespread practical use of so-called non-traditional and renewable energy sources, which, in addition, are also environmentally friendly and do not pollute the environment, is becoming increasingly relevant. Such sources include solar energy, wind energy, sea wave and tidal energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. The nature of each of these energy sources is different, and the methods of their application and use are also different. At the same time, they also have common features, and in particular, a low flux density of the generated energy, which necessitates its accumulation and backup.
4. Energy security and energy saving
According to scientists' forecasts, in the foreseeable future hydrocarbon fuels and nuclear fuel will remain the main source of energy. But humanity is already approaching the limit of increasing the total power of traditional power plants, overcoming which will inevitably entail ecological disaster. Therefore, modern “non-traditional” energy is a reserve that gives hope and the opportunity to overcome many seemingly insoluble problems and meet the growing needs of people in the future. As technologies and the scale of practical use improve, some of the “non-traditional” power plants will move into the category of traditional “big” energy, while the other part will find their niche in the “small” energy sector to supply energy to local facilities. One way or another, there is a great future for non-traditional energy sources, and we must do our best to ensure that this future quickly becomes the present. The issues of life and death on our planet depend on this. This is what determines the urgent need for rational energy consumption, reducing its unit costs in all spheres of human activity. This direction is called energy saving.
One of the results of energy saving is a direct several-fold reduction in the costs of accelerating the pace of constant searches for energy sources and their development. The desire to solve these and other problems has been observed almost from the very beginning of big energy. It is implemented both in the search for other primary energy sources (electrochemical and thermonuclear converters), and in the development of new methods for converting the energy of primary sources into electrical energy, for example, in thermoelectric or thermionic devices, in MHD generators.
Energy saving- organizational, scientific, practical, information activities of government bodies, legal entities and individuals. This activity is aimed at reducing the consumption (losses) of fuel and energy resources in the process of their extraction, processing, transportation, storage, production, use and disposal. Energy saving is a set of measures to ensure efficient and rational use of energy resources.
Currently, the following areas of energy saving activities are recognized as the most effective:
1. Creation of a regulatory and legal framework for energy saving.
2. Creation of the necessary economic mechanisms.
3. Creation of financial mechanisms for energy saving.
4. Implementation of a pricing policy that reflects the costs of energy resources, manufactured products, services and determines the standard of living of the population.
5. Creation of an energy saving management system.
6. Creation of an information system for promoting problems of energy saving, training, retraining of personnel and managers working in this area.
The basis of energy saving is rational use of energy resources and reducing their losses. Energy saving policies are widely used in all advanced countries.
Based on the definition of the concept energy saving as a set of measures aimed at efficient use of energy, there is a requirement to limit the possibilities of using material resources of the external environment, if we are talking about the so-called non-renewable primary energy sources in the form of organic mineral fuels. It is quite understandable that many countries in modern conditions strive to maximize the use, but on new principles, of renewable energy sources - wind, solar, biomass, etc. Using them will allow you today solve a lot of environmental problems, which creates the preconditions for reserving part of fossil fuel reserves for descendants(if at the same time they will not be exported abroad), including for non-energy needs: the production of chemical products, medicines, all kinds of drugs.
Under Energy Security is understood as a state of the state when all consumers who need them do not lack all types of energy. In a broader aspect -
This is a state of the fuel and energy complex that ensures sufficient and reliable energy supply to the country, necessary for sustainable economic development and comfortable living conditions for the population under normal conditions and minimizing damage in emergencies.
- This is the state of society to maintain the required level of national security
Availability of energy resources or reserves energy raw materials
Electrical and thermal capacity reserves(at least 15% compared to peak load)
Reliability of power equipment
Controllability of the energy system country to state
If the state’s energy sector is based on the import of energy resources – procurement should not be made in one country. The share of each source of energy supply should not exceed 50%
Energy saving policy of the state- legal, organizational and financial-economic regulation of activities in the field of energy saving. An example of awareness of the importance of solving the problem of energy saving is the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Energy Saving”, adopted in 1998. This law regulates relations arising in the course of the activities of legal entities and individuals in the field of energy conservation in order to increase the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources, and establishes the legal basis for these relations. . To implement energy saving at the state level, they are constantly developing energy saving programs.
Republican – for 5 years, starting from 2001.
Regional – for 1 year
Industry scientific and technical - there are long-term (for 5 years) and short-term (for 1 year)
The Republic of Belarus faces a task energy saving and reducing the energy intensity of the gross domestic product.
To solve this problem you need:
- creation of a system for training specialists in the field of energy saving, energy saving technologies and energy management;
- ensure a restructuring of the thinking of society as a whole, radically change its attitude towards the problem of energy and resource conservation.
Lecture 2
Energy resources of the world
Issues covered:
1. Basic definitions
2. Types of energy resources and their classification.
3. Structure and state of the global energy economy
2.1. Energy resources and their classification
According to the Law The Republic of Belarus “About energy saving”, which was adopted on June 29, 1998, the source of energy is energy resources:
Energetic resources– these are material objects in which energy is concentrated, suitable for practical use by humans. An energy resource is any source of energy, natural or artificially activated. Energetic resources– energy carriers that are currently used or can be usefully used in the future.
fuel and energy resources(FER) – the totality of all natural and converted types of fuel and energy used in the republic. Energy resources are classified according to the following scheme (Fig. 1).
Primary natural energy resources- naturally formed as a result of the geological development of the Earth or manifested through cosmic communications (radiation from the Sun), are divided into non-renewable (coal, oil, natural gas, shale, peat) and renewable (river energy, solar radiation, tidal energy, biofuels).
Towards renewable include resources restored by nature (land, plants, animals, etc.), to non-renewable- resources previously accumulated in nature, but practically not formed in new geological conditions (oil, coal and other subsoil reserves) .
Secondary energy resources(VER)– energy obtained during any technological process as a result of underutilization of primary energy in the form of a by-product of the main production and not used in this energy process. This type of resource includes: household and industrial waste, hot waste coolants, waste combustible organic substances, and agricultural waste. R and s.1. Structure of energy resources.
One of the classifications of natural resources is the classification based on exhaustibility, according to which energy resources are divided into exhaustibleAndinexhaustible (Fig. 3). In turn, exhaustibles can be divided into renewableAndnon-renewable.
TO inexhaustible include space, climate, and water resources.
Fig.2. Exhaustible and inexhaustible energy resources.
All inexhaustible energy sources are considered renewable.
In fact, there are no inexhaustible energy resources in the universe. Sooner or later they will dry up. So, for example, in 4.5 billion years our star the Sun will enter its next stage of evolution and turn into a white dwarf. This transition is called a supernova explosion. At the same time, a huge flow of energy will be emitted into outer space, which will reach our planet, destroy (burn) the Earth’s atmosphere, the oceans will evaporate and the Earth will turn into a lifeless cosmic body.
However, in comparison with human life and the time of existence of human civilization, such sources are considered inexhaustible. Thus, renewable energy sources are those sources whose energy flows constantly exist or periodically occur in the environment and are not the result of purposeful human activity.
Renewable energy resources include energy:
The world's oceans in the form of ebb and flow energy, wave energy;
- wind;
Sea currents;
Salty;
Seaweed;
Produced from biomass;
Gutters;
Municipal solid waste;
Geothermal sources.
The disadvantage of renewable energy sources is low degree of its concentration. But this is largely compensated by their wide distribution, relatively high environmental purity and their practical inexhaustibility. It is most rational to use such sources directly near the consumer without transmitting energy over a distance. Energy operating on these sources uses energy flows that already exist in the surrounding space, redistributes, but does not disrupt their overall balance.
About 90% of currently used energy resources are non-renewable(coal, oil, gas, etc.). This is due to their high energy potential and the relative availability of their extraction. The pace of extraction and consumption of these resources determines energy policy. The most commonly used energy resources today are called traditional, new types of energy resources, the use of which began relatively recently - alternative ( energy resources of rivers, reservoirs and industrial wastewater, wind, solar, renewable natural gas, biomass (including wood waste), wastewater and municipal solid waste) .
In modern environmental management, energy resources are classified into three groups
– involved in the constant circulation and flow of energy(solar, space energy, etc.),
- deposited energy resources(oil, gas, peat, shale, etc.) and
- artificially activated energy sources(atomic and thermonuclear energy).
From an economic point of view, there are gross, technical and economic energetic resources.
Gross resource represents the total energy contained in a given type of energy resource.
Technical resource – This is the energy that can be obtained from a given type of energy resource with the current development of science and technology. It ranges from a fraction of a percent to ten percent of the gross, but is constantly increasing as energy equipment is improved and new technologies are mastered.
Economic resource – energy, the production of which from this type of resource is economically profitable given the existing price ratio for equipment, materials and labor. It makes up a certain proportion of the technical one and also increases with the development of energy.
Energy resources are usually characterized by the number of years during which a given resource will be sufficient to produce energy at a modern quality level. From the report of the World Energy Council commission (1994), at the current level of consumption, coal reserves will last for 250 years, gas for 60 years, oil for 40 years. At the same time, according to the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, global energy demand will grow from 9.2 billion tons in oil terms (late 1990s) to 14.2–24.8 billion tons in 2050.
Energy efficiency indicator– scientifically based absolute or specific value of consumption of fuel and energy resources (taking into account their standard losses) for any purpose, established by regulatory documents.
Efficiency the use of energy resources is determined by the degree of conversion of their energy potential into final used products or final consumed types of energy and is characterized energy resource utilization ratio:
Where η d – recovery factor potential reserve of energy resource (the ratio of the extracted to the total amount of the resource),
η P – conversion factor(ratio of useful energy received to all supplied energy resources), η And – energy utilization factor(ratio of energy used to energy supplied to the consumer).
For some types of fossil energy resources η d is:
for oil 30,...40%, for gas 80%, for coal 40%. When burning fuel η P equals 94–98%.
The concept of energy efficiency is associated with the concepts of efficient and rational use of energy resources.
Energy balance is a system of indicators reflecting the quantitative correspondence between the income and consumption of energy resources, distribution by type and consumers (see Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Structure of the energy balance.
Rational use of resources – is a system of activities designed to ensure economic resource use and reproduction taking into account the long-term interests of the developing national economy and preserving people's health.
Efficient use of resources - the use of all types of energy in economically justified, progressive ways at the existing level of development of technology (implies recycling of resources, reduction of consumption, energy saving, not exceeding the ecological threshold of ecosystem sustainability).
Users of fuel and energy resources– business entities, regardless of their form of ownership, registered on the territory of the Republic of Belarus as legal entities or entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity, as well as other persons who, in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, have the right to enter into business contracts, and citizens using fuel and energy resources.
Producers of fuel and energy resources– business entities, regardless of their form of ownership, registered on the territory of the Republic of Belarus as legal entities, for which any type of fuel and energy resources used in the republic is a commodity product.
Under energy or energy system, one should understand a set of large natural (natural) and artificial (man-made) systems designed to obtain, transform, distribute and use energy resources of all types in the national economy.
Energy is considered as a large system that includes parts of other large systems as subsystems.
Second interpretation of the energy system, accepted among power engineers, is as follows: energy system is a set of interconnected power stations, substations, power lines, electrical and heat networks, centers for the consumption of electrical energy and heat.
The following large systems function as part of the energy system that meets the needs of the entire economy for electrical and thermal energy:
electric power system (electric power), which includes a heat supply system (thermal power) as a subsystem;
oil and gas supply system;
coal industry system;
nuclear energy;
non-traditional energy.
Power generation provide power stations; transformation– transformers, transport;
electrical energy distribution– power lines; consumption– various receivers.
2.2 Types of fuel, characteristics and reserves
According to the definition of D.I. Mendeleev, “fuel is a combustible substance that is deliberately burned to produce heat.” Mineral fuel is the main source of energy in modern economies and the most important industrial raw material. Processing of mineral fuel is the basis for the formation of industrial enterprises, including petrochemical, gas chemical, peat briquette, etc.Fuel is divided into the following four groups:
Solid;
Gaseous;
Nuclear.
The earliest types of solid fuel were (and in many places still are) wood and other plants: straw, reeds, corn stalks, etc.
The first industrial revolution, which completely transformed the agricultural countries of Europe and then America in the 19th century, occurred as a result of the transition from wood fuel to fossil coal. Then came the era of electricity.
The discovery of electricity had a huge impact on the life of mankind and determined the emergence and growth of the largest cities in the world.
The use of oil (liquid fuel) and natural gas in combination with the development of electric power, and then the development of atomic energy, allowed industrialized countries to carry out grandiose transformations, the result of which was the formation of the modern appearance of the Earth.
Thus, to solid fuel include:
Wood, other products of plant origin;
Coal (with its varieties: hard, brown);
Peat;
- oil shale.
Fossil solid fuels (with the exception of shale) are a product of the decomposition of organic matter from plants. The youngest of them peat, which is a dense mass formed from the rotted remains of marsh plants. The next "age" ones are brown coals- an earthy or black homogeneous mass, which, when stored in air for a long time, partially oxidizes (weathers) and crumbles into powder. Then they go coals, which, as a rule, have increased strength and less porosity. The organic mass of the oldest of them is anthracite has undergone the greatest changes and is 93% carbon. Anthracite is highly hard.
Oil shale are a mineral from the group of solid caustobioliths, which during dry distillation yield a significant amount of resin, similar in composition to oil.
Liquid fuels obtained by refining oil. Crude oil is heated to 300 ... 370 °C, after which the resulting vapors are dispersed into fractions that condense at different temperatures:
Liquefied gas (yield about 1%);
Gasoline (about 15%, tc = 30... 180°C);
Kerosene (about 17%, tk = 120 ... 135 °C);
Diesel (about 18%, tk = 180 ... 350 °C).
The liquid residue with an initial boiling point of 330 - 350 ° C is called fuel oil.
Gaseous fuels are natural gas, extracted both directly and incidentally with oil production, called associated. The main component of natural gas is methane CH4 and a small amount of nitrogen N2, higher hydrocarbons СnНm, carbon dioxide CO2. Associated gas contains less methane than natural gas, but more higher hydrocarbons, and therefore releases more heat during combustion.
In industry and especially in everyday life, it is widely used liquefied gas, obtained during primary oil refining. Metallurgical plants produce as by-products coke and blast furnace gases. They are used here in factories for heating furnaces and technological devices. In areas where coal mines are located, a kind of “fuel” can serve methane, released from layers during their ventilation. Gases produced by gasification (generator gas) or by dry distillation (heating without air access) of solid fuels have been practically replaced by natural gas in most countries, but interest in their production and use is currently being revived.
Recently, it has been increasingly used biogas- a product of anaerobic fermentation (fermentation) of organic waste (manure, plant residues, garbage, wastewater, etc.).
Nuclear fuel is Uranus. The effectiveness of its use is demonstrated by the work of the world's first nuclear icebreaker "Lenin" with a displacement of 19 thousand tons, length 134 m, width 23.6 m, height 16.1 m, draft 10.5 m, with a speed of 18 knots (about 30 km /h). It was created to guide convoys of ships along the Northern Sea Route, where the ice thickness reached 2 meters or more. He consumed 260-310 grams of uranium per day. A diesel icebreaker would require 560 tons of diesel fuel to perform the same amount of work as the Lenin icebreaker.
An analysis of the assessment of the supply of fuel and energy resources shows that the most scarce type of fuel is oil. According to various sources, it will last for 250 years. Then, after 35-64 years, reserves of combustible gas and uranium will be depleted. The situation is best with coal, the reserves of which in the world are quite large, and the supply of coal will be 218-330 years.
2.2 Conditional fuel, caloric content, energy potential.
Economic calculations, comparison of performance of fuel-using devices with each other and planning must be carried out on a single basis. Therefore, the concept of so-called reference fuel was introduced.Fuel reference is a unit of accounting for fossil fuels used to compare the efficiency of different types of fuel and total accounting. The use of reference fuel is especially convenient for comparing the efficiency of various thermal power plants.
As a unit of standard fuel, 1 kg of fuel with a calorific value of 7000 kcal/kg (29.3 MJ/kg) is used, which corresponds to good low-ash dry coal. For comparison, we point out that brown coals have a calorific value of less than 24 MJ/kg, and anthracite and bituminous coals - 23-27 MJ/kg. The relationship between conventional fuel and natural fuel is expressed by the formula
W = (Qnr / 7000) Vn = E Vn,
where W is the mass of the equivalent amount of standard fuel, kg;
Vn - mass of natural fuel, kg (solid and liquid fuel) or m3 - gaseous;
Qнр - lower calorific value of a given natural fuel, kcal/kg or kcal/m3.
RatioE = Qnr / 7000
called caloric coefficient, and it is accepted for:
Oil - 1.43;
Natural gas - 1.15;
Peat - 0.34-0.41 (depending on humidity);
Peat briquettes - 0.45 -0.6 (depending on humidity);
Diesel fuel - 1.45;
Fuel oil - 1.37.
Calorific values of different fuels, kcal/kg, is approximately:
oil - 10,000 (kcal/kg);
natural gas - 8,000 (kcal/m3);
hard coal - 7000(kcal/kg);
firewood with humidity 10% - 3900(kcal/kg);
40% - 2400(kcal/kg);
peat moisture content 10% - 4100(kcal/kg);
40% - 2500(kcal/kg);
The parameter that determines the possibility of using an energy source is Energy potential. It is expressed in energy units J or kW hour. Energy potential of the Earth's energy resources, measured in exajoules, (eJ=10 18
J), is estimated by the following values:
nuclear fission energy 1.97 10 6
geothermal energy 2.94 10 6
solar energy at Earth level, for 1 year 2.41 10 6
chemical energy of chemical fuel 5.21 10 5
thermonuclear energy 3.60 10 5
tidal energy, for 1 year 2.52 10 5
wind energy, for 1 year 6.12 10 3
forest bioenergy, for 1 year 1.46 10 3
river energy, for 1 year 1.19 10 2
The structure of the world energy economy today is such that 80% of consumed electricity is obtained by burning fuel at power plants, where the chemical energy of the fuel is first converted into heat, heat into work, and work into electricity. Hydroelectric power also provides a significant percentage (about 15%), the rest is covered by other sources, mainly nuclear power plants. Human needs are growing, there are more and more people, and this causes gigantic volumes of energy production and growth rates of its consumption. Today, traditional energy sources (various fuels, hydro resources) and technologies for their use are no longer capable of providing the required level of energy supply to society, because these are non-renewable sources and their quantity is rapidly declining. And although the proven reserves of natural fuels are very large, the problem of depletion of natural reserves at the current and projected pace of their development is becoming a real and near future. Already today, a number of fields, due to depletion, turn out to be unsuitable for industrial development, and for oil and gas, for example, one has to go to hard-to-reach, remote territories, to ocean shelves, etc. Serious forecasters prove that if current volumes and growth rates of energy consumption remain at 3...5% (and they will undoubtedly be even higher), reserves of organic fuels will completely dry up in 70 - 150 years.
The limited supply of non-renewable resources used to generate electricity, even taking into account savings, is reflected in Table 2.1. The development of modern technologies requires an increase in the level of electricity use. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that the rate of population growth allows us to predict that in 40 years there will be 12 billion people living on Earth, which is why the problems of energy saving are so pressing. Table 2.1. Energy resources of the world
Electric power industry is the most important sector of the economy of any country, since its products (electric energy) belong to a universal type of energy. It can easily be transmitted over long distances and divided among a large number of consumers. Without electrical energy, it is impossible to carry out many technological processes, just as it is impossible to imagine our daily life without heating, lighting, cooling, transport, television, refrigerator, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, iron, the use of modern means of communication (telephone, telegraph, telefax, computer), which also consume electricity.
In most developed foreign countries, the electrical component of the entire fuel and energy complex reaches 35–40%, and by the beginning of the 21st century it exceeded 50%. Electric energy is being introduced into almost all new areas of industry, agriculture and everyday life.
The US produces about 2.5 trillion. kWh of electricity, in the CIS - about 1.75 trillion. kWh The total power plant capacity in the USA is 660 million kWh, in the CIS – about 350 million kWh, and 30% of it in the USA is in hot reserve. In the CIS there is no hot reserve, and the cold reserve is 6-8%, while the standard is 13%. The degree of electrical equipment in the Republic of Belarus is 22%, which is significantly lower than the indicators not only of developed countries, but the world average (27%).
Although developed countries have stopped increasing per capita energy consumption over the past 25 years, consumption growth remains high due to increased per capita energy consumption in developing countries. At the current pace, the growth of the electric power industry will continue for a long time, including ours.
Our Universe is a huge reservoir of energy. Countless numbers of quanta, forming powerful flows, saturate the Universe with energy and form the general energy field of the Universe. Modern quantum theory states that everything consists of energy, which is the main quantity that determines the state of systems of any size, up to infinity. The Universe, which we know and are a part of, is also subject to the laws of energy and, like all living things, is spiritualized. The human body and everything that exists is the embodiment of energy. Man is a small Universe that can produce its own energy and receive it from the big Universe.
What is human energy?
This is his life force, which consists of two components of energy: external and internal - bodily and spiritual. Physical, largely depends on the world around us, on the ecology, on the food and water that we consume, on the actions that we perform. Spirituality depends on our internal state - emotional stability and positive or negative thoughts and intentions. Bodily energy accumulates internal, spiritual energy and directs it outward. Our body is ideally a conductor of our Spirit. It’s not for nothing that they say that harmony begins from within. Pure, sincere positive thoughts and intentions are the basis of our health. Pure actions based on a harmonious inner self - Harmony of life!
Signs of strong human energy
Many people have signs of strong energy and anyone who is near a carrier of such energy can feel them. They are also manifested in the character traits and behavior of such people; they are characterized by charisma, determination, self-confidence, high spirituality, and much more, which indicates their high energy potential.
The energy potential that a person possesses is his ability to generate his own energy, accumulate and assimilate it from the outside, and also use it rationally. Using energy for good, a person receives back a double charge, which means he accumulates strength. By producing negative emotions and committing negative actions, a person loses strength, and therefore health.
By giving and doing sincere good deeds, we also receive. We get it internally. This means that our health will be complete, and our life will be joyful and happy. A harmonious person is a happy person and people always feel comfortable being around him. A confident, happy person emits a special strong energy, charging the space around with positivity. Strong human energy is a battery for others and the space around. Everything blossoms next to a person with strong positive energy.
If a person has strong positive energy, other people feel comfortable around him. Just by the influence of his biofield, such a person is able to positively influence other people. At the same time, a person with negative energy causes a completely opposite state. People near him feel discomfort, anxiety, depression; those with weak energy may also feel unwell.
According to their energy potential, people can be divided into several types. These types differ from each other in their ability to produce, accumulate and release energy and are divided into people with bad energy and people with good energy.
Types of human energy
Energy mirrors.
Both positive and negative energy that is directed at the mirror person always returns to the subject who directs it. That is, they tend to reflect energy. Such properties of energy, which are inherent in certain people, can be used with great efficiency to protect against negative energy, including its targeted flows.
A mirror person feels other people well, and if he has to reflect negative energy while being next to its carrier, he immediately understands who is in front of him and tries not to contact such a person. However, the owner of negative energy himself, on a subconscious level, tries to avoid meeting such “mirrors”, since receiving back his negative charge does not have the best effect on him, even to the point of ailments and various diseases.
For a person who has positive energy, on the contrary, communication with a mirror person is always pleasant, because the reflected positive energy returns to the owner, filling him with new positive emotions. As for the “mirror,” having determined that the person who communicates with him is a carrier of positive energy, he will continue to be glad to have contact with such a person and will always maintain good relations with him.
Energy leeches.
There are many such people everywhere and almost each of us has to communicate with them every day. These could be good friends, relatives of work colleagues. In principle, “energy leeches” are the same as “energy vampires”. That is, these are people who have problems replenishing energy, and the easiest way for them to strengthen their energy is to “stick” to other people from whom they simply take their energy (life force).
Energy leeches are aggressive and persistent, and emit bad energy from a person; their method of pumping energy out of potential victims is simple - they try to create a conflict situation, start a quarrel or dispute, in some cases even humiliate a person. After this, their well-being sharply improves, they become cheerful and feel a surge of strength, since they have sufficiently fed off someone else’s energy.
Human (donor) who has been attacked by an “energy leech”, on the contrary, feels empty, depressed, and in some cases various ailments arise.
The key to the existence of this type of people is the constant presence of donors around them; they try to be close to such people, sucking into their energy field.
Energy walls.
An energy wall is a person with strong energy. Others call such people “impenetrable.” Any troubles fly away from them like from a concrete wall. But there is also a negative side to such impenetrability, the negative energy that bounces off them does not in all cases return to the person who directed it, but also to those people who at a particular moment are next to the “impenetrable”.
Energy sticks
.
Such people, even at the first meeting, begin to spew out a stream of negative energy, without even waiting for the question, laying out everything negative that has accumulated in them. Like leeches, they do not directly take energy. But they also try to insert themselves into the living space of other people and stay in it as long as possible. Like leeches, sticky people are people with low, bad energy, they strive to impose themselves, are always nearby, constantly call on the phone, look for meetings and contacts, ask for advice.
However, later, when any difficulties arise, they blame those with whom they were close for everything negative that happens in their lives. Thus, without provoking conflict situations, “energy sticklers” receive someone else’s energy, in the form of sympathy, some kind of moral help, and advice. That is, by imposing themselves on other people and indirectly forcing them to make contact, they are fueled by the energy of these people, but the people who communicate with them do not suffer as from communicating with energy vampires.
Energy absorbers.
In this capacity there can be both acceptors and donors. Such people are very sensitive, they have accelerated energy-information exchange. They like to get involved in other people's lives, and try to influence other people's energy with a pronounced desire to help. Such people can be distinguished into two types:
The first type includes those who absorb both negative and positive energy. They get offended for no reason, but quickly forget the insults. People of the second type take on a lot of negative energy and give out no less positive energy. They actively delve into people’s problems and positively influence the biofields of those around them, but their accelerated exchange negatively affects them.
Energy Samoyeds
This type of people seems to be fixated on their experiences. They are withdrawn and deliberately do not want to communicate with other people, do not know how to redistribute energy to their benefit, and at the same time create huge reserves of negative energy.
Energy plants.
This type of people has the ability to give energy, that is, they are, in fact, energy donors. This type of person is characterized by excessive curiosity. This trait brings them a lot of trouble, causing displeasure and even anger from many people.
Energy filters.
An energy filter is a person with strong energy who can pass through a large amount of both positive and negative energy. All information absorbed by him in a processed form returns to the original source and carries an already changed charge. All negativity remains on the filter, to which positive energy is added. Such people are often successful natural diplomats, psychologists, and peacemakers.
Energy intermediaries.
They have excellent energy exchange. They accept energy well, but cannot resist negative energy effects. For example, some negative information was shared with such a person, thus transferring some of the negative energy to him. Unable to cope with the negative energy received, the person passes on the information. The same thing happens when transmitting positive information. This type of “energy intermediary” is inherent in many people.
Having considered the main types of energy inherent in humans, we can understand that different people have different bioenergy. Even a person’s negative or positive energy, in turn, can be divided into different types.
Based on this, we can say that each person, taking into account the type of his energy, has his own specific capabilities, his own energy potential and his own specific characteristics. Energy determines and influences a person’s relationships with other people and the world around him.
A person who has negative, negative energy has a bad influence on everything that surrounds him, including the people next to him; he always causes nothing but trouble. He is not able to live in harmony with the world around him and even with himself.
The influence of energy on a person largely determines his daily life. If the energy is positive, then a person’s life generally flows in a harmonious direction, and he has a positive influence on those around him. You cannot expect meanness, deception, trickery or other negative manifestations from him. He is open, understandable, and inspires trust in other people. The impact of energy on a person emanating from the carrier of negative energy, on the contrary, can cause harm to people around him. After all, negative energy is inherent in deceitful, envious, unfriendly, aggressive people, and this negativity often manifests itself in communication with others and does not bring them anything good.
The main signs of people with strong, positive energy are their desire to live in harmony with the world around them and the people who are next to them. These are pure, sincere people with a strong core inside. Strong human energy is the key to health and harmony of life!
7 signs of a strong biofield
A strong biofield means good health, high self-esteem and developed bioenergy. These qualities are sometimes not enough to achieve success.
There are only 7 main signs of an energetically strong personality. If you don’t recognize yourself in this description, but it reminds you of a colleague or TV star, focus on such people. From them you can recharge with positive energy, which they receive through a communication channel from the Universe. Your chances of finding success in any area of life will be slightly higher if you have strong people around you.
Absolutely any living organism has its own special aura. In humans it is the strongest, because we are intelligent beings and capable of changing the world around us. We can understand the world and are the crown of creation of the Universe.
The Universe helps us to go towards our dreams, to do what we want and know how to do even better. If your body is not configured for this, then luck may leave you for good. The best way to increase energy is to merge with this world by accepting its rules. The main laws of the Universe will help you with this. By following them, you will quickly achieve your cherished goals. For example, if you more often imagine the end result of your work, then you are much more likely to achieve it. The more you think positive thoughts, the more often you will experience satisfaction in life.
How do you know if you have become stronger or not? Or maybe you want to analyze your colleague or business partner, boyfriend or girlfriend? 7 signs of a strong aura will help you:
Sign one: if the aura is clean and strong, a person almost never gets sick. When the aura is poor, a person becomes overtired, has frequent headaches, chronic diseases appear, and catches colds easily. Sometimes things go further - signs of more serious diseases appear.
Sign two: a strong biofield gives its bearer incredible luck in all matters. Roughly speaking, people with strong energy are always more likely to achieve success without noticeable effort.
Sign three: a strong aura is felt if a person radiates optimism. When you stand next to such a person, you want to act, you want to conquer the world, and you see everything in a pleasant light. If this is a person of the opposite sex, then it is very easy to fall in love with him.
Sign four: Problems do not stick to people with high energy levels. This does not mean that such people do not have problems at all, they just do not cause him such discomfort. There is almost no chance that life will change dramatically and become much worse.
Sign five: if a person has a high level of energy, then he is most likely a leader. Leading others and being weak are two things that are absolutely not comparable to each other.
Sign six: a strong aura means a strong body. When a person is strong mentally, he is strong physically. He is resilient, gets tired slowly and is always ready to conquer new heights.
Sign seven: his mind is open. These people are not afraid to experiment, expand boundaries, and look beyond the horizon. Strong energy allows you not to be afraid of change, absolutely any kind. This once again proves that life is dynamics. Life is about change and constant, permanent transformation.
It is impossible to have only two characteristics and not all seven. They are just developed differently. There are small deviations or anomalies, but in general, each of the points rises with the growth of the biofield. You just need to work on your thoughts and views on the world - then everything will work out.
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