Russian folk holidays presentation. Presentation "Russian folk holidays"

Elena Antipova
Presentation "Autumn holidays in Russian traditions"

Slavic holidays in Rus' from time immemorial they were subject to the natural system, and each of them was not only justified from the point of view of pagan mythology, but also directly related to the weather and the change of seasons. The entire Slavic calendar was subject to this system, for example, winter holidays - were Christmas, spring and summer - Shrovetide, Ivan Kupala, and autumn Slavic holidays occupied a special place in the life of every Slav. And one of those holidays was September 9 - the holiday of Osenina. Generally autumn the period of the ancient Slavs is considered one of the most important in terms of worship of the gods, as it is accompanied by a large number of various ritual and ritual actions. This was due to the end of the harvest and the completion of preparations for the winter period, people rejoiced at the results of their hard work and thanked the gods for their mercy. Our ancestors, especially farmers, considered the beginning of the new year not January, which is familiar to modern man, but September, the month when the harvest took place. During this autumn month, the ancient Slavs celebrated eight very important holidays. Each of them has its own hidden sacred meaning, but at the same time is interconnected. From the first week autumn celebration began and honoring the goddess Makosh, then on September 8-9 they were dedicated to the prayers of the most revered gods of Rod and Rozhanitsa, and on September 9 it became popular celebration of Osenin - harvest festival. These days, our ancestors not only glorified their gods, but also brought gifts in order to appease them for the whole next year. Also, according to some Autumns were celebrated(14, 21 and 27)

Related publications:

"Formation of ideas among preschoolers about Russian traditions through folk culture" (from the experience of the educator of the Municipal.

Presentation "Orthodox holidays as a means of spiritual and moral education of children" Appeal to the experience of Orthodox pedagogy at the present time, when there is a search for the revival of Russia, is especially relevant, since society and.

Presentation "Interactive quiz on the knowledge of Russian fairy tales" THE QUIZ IS USED ACCORDING TO THE ANALOGUE OF THE TELE-GAME "OWN GAME". PURPOSE: Raising in children a love for Russian folk tales. OBJECTIVES: Educational:.

Summary of the NOD "Images of Russian heroes in the work of Russian composers - classics and artists" Synopsis of directly educational activity "Images of Russian heroes in the work of Russian composers - classics and artists."

Folk gatherings with parents and children "Tea drinking in Russian traditions" The municipality of Khanty - Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, the urban district of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, is a municipal budgetary preschool.

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS KIMKOU "Gymnasium named after Gorky A.M,"
Moskalensky municipal district of the Omsk region

Classroom hour

Faber Galina Nikolaevna
Teacher of the highest qualification category

2012-2013 academic year

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS Holidays in the Russian village of the past were an important part of social and family life. The peasants even said: “We have been working for the holiday all year long.” The holiday was perceived by the religious consciousness of people as something sacred, the opposite of everyday life - everyday life. If weekdays were interpreted as a time in which a person should be engaged in worldly affairs, earning their daily bread, then the holiday was understood as a time of merging with the divine and familiarizing with the sacred values ​​of the community, its sacred history.

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS First of all, the holiday was considered obligatory for all members of the village community who had reached adulthood. Children, old people, cripples, old maidens, sick people were not allowed to the holiday, as some have not yet reached the age of understanding sacred values, while others are already on the verge between the world of the living and the world of the dead, others have not fulfilled their destiny on earth - they have not entered into marriage.

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS The holiday also meant complete freedom from any work. On this day, it was forbidden to plow, mow, reap, sew, clean the hut, chop wood, spin, weave, that is, perform all the daily peasant work. The holiday obligated people to dress smartly, to choose pleasant, joyful topics for conversation, to behave differently: to be cheerful, friendly, hospitable.

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS A characteristic feature of the holiday was the crowd. A quiet village on weekdays was filled with invited and uninvited guests - beggars, wanderers, pilgrims, walkers, leaders with bears, booths, raeshniks, puppeteers, fair traders, peddlers. The holiday was perceived as a day of transformation of a village, a house, a person. Severe measures were applied to those who violated the rules of the holiday: from a fine, whipping to complete expulsion from the village community.

RUSSIAN FOLK HOLIDAYS In the Russian village, all holidays were included in a single multi-stage sequence. They coped from year to year, from century to century, in a certain order established by tradition. Among them was the main holiday, which, from the point of view of the peasants, had the greatest sacred power - Easter. Great holidays: Christmas, Trinity, Maslenitsa, Ivanov and Petrov days and small holidays, they were also called semi-holidays, were associated with the beginning of various kinds of peasant work: the first day of sowing grain, harvesting cabbage for the winter and others.

Holidays not associated with church tradition included Christmas time, Shrovetide, cherished holidays - in memory of some village event, more often tragic, in the hope of propitiating nature, a deity, as well as various men's, women's and youth holidays.

Zimushka-winterChristmas, Christmas time:

carols;
Mummers;
Christmas carols;
spiritual verses;
Christmas divination;
Subservient songs;
Rites;
Games.

Baptism:

gatherings;
Evenings;

Spring-Krasna Wide Maslenitsa;
Palm Sunday;
Easter;
Krasnaya Gorka (spring invocation; weddings);
Semik;
Trinity.

Slide #10

Summer RedIvan Kupala;
Petrov Day;
Ilyin Day;
Spas (honey, apple, nut);
Summer Mermaids

Slide #11

Autumn is goldenAutumn;
Dozhinki - a holiday of the last sheaf;
Skit;
Harvest Festival;
Autumn fair;
Halloween in Russian: ghouls, ghouls, goblin, mermen, kikimors, witches.

Slide #12

folk orthodox

Autumn puffballs, Harvest festival, Rich man, Malaya Prechistaya

Meaning

Completion of field work, meeting of autumn

Installed

Probably has ancient pre-Christian roots

noted

in most European countries

Traditions

Honoring the Virgin, kindling a fire,

Slide #13

September 21
Malaya Most Pure, Ospozhinki, Nativity of the Virgin In the church calendar, this day is a big holiday - the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin. It is believed that it was on September 21 that the daughter Mary was born in the family of the righteous Joachim and Anna. In Orthodoxy, the holiday is one of the twelve - that is, the main ones of the year.

On the Most Pure, on the day of the autumn equinox, they celebrated the second meeting of autumn

Slide #14

Very little is known about the birth of the Virgin. According to legend, the pious couple from Jerusalem did not have children for a long time. When Joachim retired to the desert to pray for the birth of a child, an angel appeared to both him and his wife, announcing that their offspring "would be spoken of throughout the world." Nine months later, Anna gave birth to a girl.

Slide #15

She was a Virgo not only in body, but also in soul: humble in heart, prudent in words, prudent, reticent, a lover of reading, industrious, chaste in speech, honoring not a person, but God as the judge of her thoughts. Her rule was to be kind to everyone, to honor elders , do not envy equals, avoid boasting, be sane, love virtue.

Slide #16

backyard The holiday is dedicated to the harvest, fertility and family well-being. By this time, field work is being completed: harvesting, exporting grain to barns, harvesting flax. The foundation for the well-being of the family for the coming year has been laid. On this day, they honored and thanked the Mother of God for the harvest. It is believed that she gives well-being, patronizes agriculture, family and especially mothers.
Harvest Festival, sometimes celebrated for a whole week - with games, songs, dances, feasts. Osenins were met by the water. Early in the morning, women went to the banks of rivers and lakes with bread. The older woman stood with the loaf, and the young ones sang songs to the glory of the Mother of God. After that, the bread was broken into pieces according to the number of those gathered: each woman took her piece home and fed the cattle with it.

The symbols of the holiday are oats, splint with grain and homemade bread.

Slide #17

this day is popularly called the Second Most Pure. The young hostess was supposed to feed the guests with a delicious dinner and give her parents round pies, and her husband was supposed to show the household: live in the barns, harness and tools in the sheds.

This is traditionally a women's holiday: a woman is revered as the continuer of the family.
On this day, women turn their prayers to the Mother of God so that the Holy Intercessor sends a child. After the service, it is imperative to give alms or invite the destitute, orphans, and the sick to dinner.

Compiled by: Batueva S.A, primary school teacher, MBOU "Secondary School" No. 25, Balakovo They say that lovers get married in heaven ... Weddings held in the Russian Tradition are filled with meaning, fun, valiant prowess, girlish beauty and the power of a new Life. Summer Solstice Festival. The boys are cutting down the tree. It is installed on a place chosen for the festivities - a clean, flat field, a mound, a river bank, a lake. The girls decorate the tree with flowers and colored scraps of fabric. The tree is popularly called "madder" or "kupala". Under the tree they fit the image of Yarila - a doll. "Yarila" is dressed in clothes, decorated with a wreath, flowers and ribbons. They kindle a fire. Near this fire and the most fun will go. Protective herbs and wreaths are distributed to all participants. The celebration starts around 4:00 pm. The girls start a round dance around the birch and sing. There is fun, they make riddles, they go dressed up, they arrange games: “lizard”, “brook”, “horses”. Well done fights for fun show. The girls are on the sidelines, they are watching the betrothed. When the fire burns out and settles down, the choice of the betrothed begins. The girl pats the guy on the shoulder and runs away, and he runs to catch up with her. Having caught her, he leads her to the fire, over which they jump ... Christmas is one of the main Orthodox holidays. According to church tradition, Jesus Christ was born on the night of January 7th. It is from this day that the so-called Christmas time begins, which lasts for two weeks. Orthodox Christians have a huge number of traditions and rituals associated with this holiday. One of them is Christmas carols. The word carol comes from the Latin calendae, which means the first day of the month. Previously, the Slavs used the word carol to call Christmas, but over time, the meaning of the word changed, and ritual songs that were treated at home on Christmas Eve began to be called carols. The carol squad (mostly children and youth) went out into the street with a star and a nativity scene (an old folk puppet theater) as soon as dusk fell. Carolers dressed up in costumes and masks so that they could not be recognized. They dressed up as bears, goats, horses, gypsies. The main meaning of the carols is the praise of the house in which the carolers came, its families, as well as various wishes for wealth and a good harvest. Carol came On the eve of Christmas, Give me a cow, Maslyan's head. And God bless the one who is in this house. The rye is thick for him, the rye is stingy. He has an octopus from an ear, A carpet made of grain for him, A pie made of half-grain. The Lord would give you And life, and being, And wealth. And create for you, Lord, Even better than that! And at that time, the girls also arranged Christmas fortune-telling, wanting to see the betrothed - the mummers ... Traditional pysanka A living egg is the embryo of a future life. Now eggs are painted only on Clean Thursday - Easter, and in ancient times it was a whole cycle of rituals associated with the fertility of nature and man. These ceremonies were conducted mainly by women, secretly and carefully storing and transmitting the protective magic of the symbols inscribed on a living egg - the embryo of a future bird. But the bird in our ancient symbolism did not mean anything, but the human soul, embodied or not embodied in the body. And these symbols worked, healed both the bodies and souls of both the craftswomen themselves and those to whom the Easter eggs were intended. It was a huge world of symbols, sometimes showing the structure of the universe and the path of the soul through the divine worlds, sometimes keeping health or attracting wealth, sometimes giving strength to warriors for battle or women in childbirth. A huge colorful world, where rage, and love, and tenderness, and the desire to go up were written out with hands ... Throughout the spring, eggs "pysanka", "krashenok" are painted - and various games are played with them. The church Easter calendar has largely obscured the essence of the rituals associated with eggs, but the content of the painting of Easter eggs takes us into deep antiquity. There are also heavenly deer, and pictures of the world, and many ancient symbols of life and fertility. In ethnographic museums, thousands of Easter eggs are stored, which are the most massive heritage of Slavic ideas. Eggs, both colored and white, play an important role in spring rituals: departure for the first plowing is done “with salt, with bread, with a white egg”; an egg is broken on the head of a horse or a plowing ox; egg and biscuits - the cross is an obligatory accessory of the rites when sowing. Often, eggs are buried in the ground, rolled across a sown field. Eggs are laid under the feet of cattle during pasture on St. George's day and lelnik, they are placed at the gate of the barn so that the cattle step over them; they go around the cattle with eggs and give them to the shepherd. So, let's summarize: Slavic pysanka is an ancient folk art form, and at the same time - a message to the gods who protect the human race. Christ is risen! Everywhere the blessing is buzzing, From all the churches people are pouring down. The dawn is already looking from heaven ... Christ is risen! Christ is risen! The cover of snow has already been removed from the fields, And the rivers are torn from the shackles, And the nearby forest is turning green ... Christ is risen! Christ is risen! Here the earth is waking up, And the fields are dressing, Spring is coming, full of miracles! Christ is risen! Christ is risen! Here and round dances and quadrilles by all the people And children's games, and valiant fun. If you want to lift a weight, if you want to play with children, if you have the strength - to a pole, or to a bathhouse, so that. And to cope with the mountain, first go through a wall fight. With Baba Maslyana, send misfortune and ailment to the fire. Gaining strength for a whole year, will give flight through the fire. Shrovetide is an ancient Slavic holiday that we inherited from pagan culture. This is a cheerful farewell to winter, illuminated by the joyful expectation of close warmth, spring renewal of nature. Even pancakes, an indispensable attribute of Maslenitsa, had a ritual meaning: round, ruddy, hot, they were a symbol of the sun, which flared up brighter, lengthening the days. It is possible that pancakes were also part of the funeral rite, since Shrovetide was preceded by a “parents' day”, when the Slavs worshiped the souls of their deceased ancestors. Every day of Shrove Tuesday has its own name. Monday - meeting. By this day, mountains, swings, booths were being completed. Those who were richer began to bake pancakes. The first pancake was given to the poor in remembrance of the dead. Tuesday - games. In the morning, young people were invited to ride down the mountains and eat pancakes. They called relatives and friends: “We have de mountains ready, and pancakes are baked - please favor.” Wednesday - gourmets. On this day, the son-in-law came "to the mother-in-law for pancakes." In addition to the son-in-law, the mother-in-law invited other guests. Thursday - wide revelry. From that day on, Maslenitsa unfolded in full breadth. The people indulged in all kinds of fun: ice mountains, booths, swings, horseback riding, carnivals, fist fights, noisy revels. Friday - mother-in-law evening. Sons-in-law invited their mother-in-laws to visit, treated them to pancakes. Saturday - sister-in-law gatherings. Young daughters-in-law invited their sister-in-laws to visit. The newlywed daughter-in-law had to give her sister-in-law some gift. The last day of Maslenitsa is Forgiveness Sunday. Everyone asks each other for forgiveness, bows at their feet, and in response they hear: "God will forgive." In the Orthodox Church, it is believed that the meaning of Maslenitsa is reconciliation with neighbors, forgiveness of offenses, preparation for Great Lent - a time that needs to be devoted to good communication with neighbors, relatives, friends, and doing good. Lenten services begin in churches. On Wednesday and Friday, the Divine Liturgy is not celebrated, the Lenten Prayer of St. Ephraim the Syrian is read. Walk around - one of the days of Shrovetide. Take a walk on a sunny day in the fresh air with songs, dances and the tradition of burning Shrovetide. On September 14, Osenins are celebrated - the first meeting of autumn according to the folk calendar. From that day on, in Rus' they began to celebrate autumn weddings, moved to new homes, performed the rite of initiation of boys who had reached the age of seven into youths, marking their new role in the community. September 14 - the beginning of the Indian summer, which lasts up to three weeks in some areas. September 14 is also called the day of Seeds of the Pilot in memory of Simeon the Stylite, who lived in the 5th century. This man became famous for his selfless way of life, laying the foundation for a new type of asceticism - pilgrimage, they learned from him to endure the difficulties of human existence in the name of a holy cause. When preparing the presentation, materials from the following sites were used: http://www.prazad.com; http://www.proshkolu.ru; http:// www.24open.ru ; http://ru.wikipedia.org

"Folk holidays" - Ivan Kupala. Of the language tools, zhaleika is the most widely used. Most of the songs of the 16th and 17th centuries were composed by witnesses of historical events. After curling the birches, they went to look at the fields. Holy evenings - from December 25 to January 1. Pancakes are a symbol of the sun. Christmas - December 25th. Instruments: wind, string (plucked and bowed).

"American Holidays" - London New Year's fireworks. The state holiday is recognized/celebrated each year by state residents. Oklahoma: Statehood Day, November 16 Rhode Island: V.J. In Philadelphia, the Mummers Parade is held on Broad Street. federal holidays. Months. Valentine's day. Specific, high-profile or common celebrations.

"Autumn changes in nature" - Drawing lesson. You see the leaves are turning yellow! Preparation of students' work for the exhibition. See the extraordinary in the ordinary. Color rainbow. Autumn is coming... Look at the trees! Have all the birds flown south? Where do rowan berries disappear in winter? It is clear to those who understand: Seductively, insinuatingly, autumn comes into its own! Goals and objectives of the project: Excursion to the park.

"Autumn Leaves" - Levitan Isaac: Autumn Leaves. Autumn leaves through the eyes of a photographer. Mood Dictionary: sadness; sadness: melancholy; silence; peace. Use a dictionary of images and moods. Artist - Domnikova M. E. Zhostovsky tray "Autumn motive". Autumn motives. The image of autumn leaves in the poems of Russian poets.

"Holidays" - Prepared preliminary estimates. Holding holidays. The estimate is agreed with the Customer. Anniversaries are always significant events. Our favorites. Conducting and organizing weddings. Scenarios are agreed with the Customer. Conducting PR events. Has it ever happened in your life that a holiday did not live up to your expectations?

"Days of holidays" - On Trinity, the churches took on an elegant look, filled with the smells of flowers and herbs. On Epiphany Christmas Eve there are two great water blessings. Holidays on the Don. More than all the saints, the Cossacks revered the Most Holy Theotokos. The feast of the Holy Trinity was celebrated on the Don colorfully and lightly. Christmas. Trinity. Holy Mother of God.

Russian folk holidays

The life of Russian people in the distant past consisted of working days and holidays. On weekdays, they plowed, sowed, reaped, worked in workshops, raised children, and kept house. But the time of holidays also came - it was a time of rest, fun, joy, when people felt that they were all one big family, everyone gathered at the festive table, everyone was smartly dressed and wished each other love, happiness, health, good harvest, good home, peace and joy in the heart and soul. There were many holidays in Russia: 140-150 a year. These holidays were aimed at promoting the health and well-being of people. Customs, ceremonies, the celebration itself were passed down from century to century, from older to younger, like a great treasure, a common wealth, in them a Russian person revealed his character, his soul, beauty, culture.

Shrovetide - a holiday of seeing off winter and meeting spring The first mention of Shrovetide is the 16th century. Preparations for Shrovetide began from the middle of the previous week. The housewives cleaned up, bought groceries, baked pancakes. They built ice slides, snow fortresses, towns, swings. Entertainment on Maslenitsa: treats with pancakes; skiing from the mountains; buffoon booths; hanging swing; horseback riding; fist fights; taking snow towns.

Maslenitsa Of particular importance was the ritual of the honorable importation of a specially made effigy - a symbol of Maslenitsa. The guest was greeted with lamentations. From that moment it was believed that the holiday began.

Pancake week Monday - meeting Tuesday - "flirting" Wednesday - "gourmet" Thursday - "revelry" Friday - "mother-in-law's evenings" Saturday - "hall gatherings" Sunday - "forgiveness day"

Shrovetide On the last day of Shrovetide, cleansing rites were performed: a large ritual fire was kindled on an elevated place, and old unnecessary things were burned in it. The effigy symbolizing Shrovetide was burned, the holiday was considered over, all the treats remaining after Shrovetide were subject to destruction, as Great Lent began.

The Annunciation The Annunciation is the good news of the birth of Jesus. It's time for the birds to arrive. It's time to dig the ground, plant. The holiday was not celebrated with fun, traditional were attending the church, observance of prohibitions, conversations about sowing, plowing.

Annunciation Early in the morning the peasants went to church for matins. On this day, it was allowed to relax the fast. Girls on this day led round dances with the singing of stoneflies. It was customary to release the birds. It was forbidden to braid braids, spin, lend anything. They consecrated the grain, guessed at the future harvest.

Palm Sunday The arrival of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem was greeted by people with palm branches. For Russians, willow took the place of palm branches.

Palm Sunday On this day, everyone hurried to church to bless the willow branches. They were brought home, and then kept for a long time, so that they would take diseases away from home.

Palm Sunday Willow has magical powers (protects against diseases; gives vitality and health; protects the house from lightning, fire, evil spirits). The willow was kept for a whole year in the shrine. The people noticed that if the willow blooms well, the arable land will be successful.

Easter is the "feast of holidays", the miraculous resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Jesus Christ was crucified for the atonement of human sins. Resurrected three days later on the seventh day of the week (Sunday), so every Sunday people do not work in memory of the resurrection of Christ.

Easter They prepared for Easter, starting from Maundy Thursday, they painted and painted eggs, prepared Easter, baked Easter cakes.

Easter On the night from Saturday to Sunday, the Easter service takes place - the midnight service, after the end of the service, the parishioners congratulated each other on the bright holiday, kissed three times and said the words: "Christ is Risen!" - "Truly Risen!", exchanged colored eggs.

Easter The most important element of the holiday is the morning Easter meal, after which the village children went to “Christen,” the hosts presented them with pies, sweets, and colored eggs. On the streets, girls and boys danced, sang songs, competed in various games with Easter eggs.

Easter On Easter morning, we went outside to watch the sun “rejoice”, play, which means to have a good and healthy life, a rich harvest and happy weddings.

Conclusion Basically, the customs and traditions of the Russian people are associated with the calendar, and with church sacraments, holidays and complex rituals. The formation of traditions is a continuous process. Some of the historical traditions of Russia are becoming a thing of the past or are changing under the onslaught of modern realities. But the new traditions in Russia, on the contrary, are gaining a “place under the sun” for themselves and are entering the life of the Russian people. In addition, some national traditions in Russia are gradually gaining popularity and becoming nationwide and ubiquitous. Perhaps only specialists can track all these processes, but everyone can see their result - the totality of modern Russian traditions.