Healthy vegetables for children under one year old. Baby's first vegetables

In the first year of a baby’s life, the formation of his immune system and bone tissue occurs, and therefore many pediatricians recommend adhering to a strict regimen of introducing additional products.

What vegetables and fruits can be given to a child at 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 months, up to a year?

The child is 6 months old.

The first thing introduced into the diet is vegetable and fruit purees.

Artificial dieters can also be given porridge for better weight gain.

Be sure to start with very small doses, for example 1 teaspoon per day and observe the reaction of the baby’s body. If there were no rashes during the day, then you can introduce an increased portion, but do not introduce another new product.

IMPORTANT: One of the first foods to be introduced will be cauliflower and zucchini due to the content of calcium and phosphorus sufficient for development. And also pumpkin puree, which greatly helps the child’s digestion.

As for fruit purees, preference is usually given to apple and pear, which are rich in pectin and contain a lot of iron for the normal functioning of the circulatory system.

It is better to start introducing the remaining products in the following months, because it takes a fragile body a lot of time to get used to each new product.

Within two weeks, the baby's complementary feeding portion will grow to fully replace one daily feeding.

To kid at 7 months You can try introducing from fruits:

• Peach
• Apricot
• Banana
• Prunes

These fruits are rich in microelements and vitamins and do an excellent job of replenishing iron and improving digestion in a growing body. If the baby has loose stools, then prunes will need to be discarded.

By 8 months The baby’s body is formed and ready to accept fermented milk products. Therefore, many pediatricians advise making homemade kefir, yogurt and cottage cheese and gradually introducing them into the baby’s diet.

Fruits you can add to your baby’s diet include:

• Strawberry
• Malina
• Currant
• Cherry
• Plum

At 9 months, children can introduce exotic fruits into their diet:

• A pineapple

At the same time, it is very important to observe the child’s stool and manifestations on the skin. If there is a reaction of the body in any of the manifestations, then it is better to cancel this product.

At 10 months the child is ready to try cherry plum, plum, watermelon. At the same time, it is the last fruit that needs to be given in very measured doses, as it affects the water balance in the body.

At 11 months and up to a year you can start introducing into the diet: tangerine, orange, grapefruit.

Despite all the usefulness of these products due to the high content of vitamin C and other vitamins, these products are very allergic and therefore require careful approach.

From vegetables, you can give those that are rich in fiber and were not available at an earlier age:

• Eggplant
• Beet
• Legumes
• White cabbage
• Tomatoes
• Brocolli

Vegetable soups can be cooked with the addition of vegetable oil and a little salt, which will improve the taste of new products.

What vegetables and fruits can be given to a child at 2 years old?

At the age of two years, the child already has four meals a day and, despite all the variety, does not yet fit into the general adult table.

If a child allows himself snacks between meals, this will reduce his appetite, but if, on the contrary, reduce the number of meals to 3, then this may affect the baby’s routine and well-being. Therefore, the best breaks between meals are 3-4 hours.

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for cells and the child gets them from fruits, vegetables and cereals. It is also very important that the body receives a sufficient amount of macro- and microelements, which are found in large quantities in vegetables and fruits.

The following vegetables can be given to two-year-old children:

• Eggplant
• Tomatoes
• Radish
• cucumbers
• Bell pepper
• Potato
• Carrot
• Brocolli

Fruits and berries can be given to a 2-year-old child of all types in amounts up to 150 grams. in a day.

Why doesn’t a child eat vegetables and fruits during complementary feeding: what to do?

Nowadays, the number of children who are breastfed is growing, and when the baby turns 6 months old, many mothers buy jars of vegetables and fruits in the hope that now the baby will begin to enjoy trying new foods.

But for some reason, not all children happily accept their mother’s initiative and refuse such innovations.

Many mothers resort to all sorts of tricks to get their baby to open his mouth and eat at least a spoonful.

What can you do here:

• Play your favorite cartoon
• Enlist help to distract the attention of relatives who will occupy him with a toy
• Use a favorite toy as an example of how she enjoys eating purees.
• You can use various sayings: “An airplane (spoon) is flying and straight into Katya’s mouth..”

But unfortunately, not all tricks can work on a capricious baby. Then you can try to improve the taste of food with salt and mixing vegetables or fruits.

How to teach a child to eat vegetables and fruits if he doesn’t want to or refuses?

An option to increase a child’s food interest is to give him the opportunity to try everything with his hands. To do this, you can put a plate on suction cups in front of him and put small pieces of food there that he can touch with his hands and taste.

What to do if a child stops eating vegetables and fruits?

A child’s body, like no one else, knows what it needs, and therefore, if your baby suddenly stops trying fruits and vegetables, then you should not panic. He just has the right, like you, not to want them at the moment.

And moreover, most likely, the vitamins and microelements that he has already received are enough for him. And after a while, without your persistent persuasion, he will again return his interest in these products.

What to do if a child does not eat vegetables and fruits well? The child does not eat fruits and vegetables: Komarovsky

According to Komarovsky, if a child does not want to try vegetables and fruits, then the time simply has not come. High-quality breastfeeding replaces all types of complementary foods, because the female body, from century to century, has fed the child with everything it needs, and there is no point in trying to deceive nature.

If the child is gaining enough weight and does not look sick, then you need to let go of the situation and introduce fruits and vegetables gradually without coercion or persuasion. The time will come and the child himself will reach for new and healthy products.

Video: What to do if the child does not want to eat - Doctor Komarovsky

If you have even the slightest doubt about the benefits of nature’s gifts, read the article: it will once again help dispel your doubts. And today we’ll talk about what vegetables you can give your child, because there’s a long winter ahead and their choice will be a little limited. And there are significantly fewer vitamins and minerals in “winter” vegetables, so you need to know which ones will be most useful.

Potato. The first association that arises in the minds of most people is starch. But is that all? Potatoes also contain vitamins C, PP, K, group B, and potassium. Moreover, for diseases such as joint problems, the doctor may recommend following a potato diet. In addition, the root vegetable helps strengthen the cardiovascular system and normalize the acid-base balance.

Carrot. In winter, it becomes an indispensable source of vitamin A, which is extremely important for the full development of vision. By the way, it also stimulates growth in children. In addition, it is recommended to eat carrots to improve the proper functioning of the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system, as well as to improve the condition of the skin and mucous membranes.

Beet. Contains acids and proteins important for a growing organism. True, it contains few vitamins, but this is more than compensated for by minerals: potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and zinc. It has a positive effect on metabolism, hematopoiesis and intestinal function.

Onion. It is rightfully considered a medicinal product. Provides the body with a complex of sugars, enzymes, essential oils, calcium and phosphorus salts, insulin, flavonoids, as well as vitamins A, C, group B. Let us remember once again that onions have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes and fungi, and promotes.

Cabbage. A distinctive feature of this vegetable is its ability to retain vitamin C for a long time (about 7-8 months with virtually no loss). If you want your child to get more potassium, phosphorus and iron, then give preference to Brussels sprouts. Cabbage cabbage will be a good source of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur. And broccoli has no equal in the content of calcium and B vitamins. Let us also recall that cabbage is useful for the full functioning of the nervous system and proper metabolism.

Pumpkin. Contains a lot of salts of copper, iron and phosphorus, but this is not the main thing. Pumpkin is one of those rare vegetables that contain vitamin D. Thanks to its special composition, it is extremely useful for strengthening bones and forming teeth, as well as improving liver function. Interestingly, even weakened children can easily digest pumpkin dishes, making this vegetable ideal for therapeutic or preventive nutrition.

Your baby has just celebrated his first “anniversary” - he turned one year old. He has learned a lot this year. Should his eating style now change?

Perhaps we can say that your baby has entered a transitional stage in nutrition. He is no longer a baby now. The baby will become more and more familiar with the “food environment” and will become closer in his eating habits and preferences to adults. But it takes some time for the baby to gradually adapt to a new style of eating.

By this age, great changes have also occurred in the baby’s digestive system. Firstly, he has already acquired his own teeth. As a rule, by the age of 1 year, children have 6-10 milk teeth. The baby's chewing skills are rapidly improving. In this process, an important role is played by the interest in chewing food, which “gets” to the baby in coarsely crushed or even uncrushed form. Secondly, the activity of digestive enzymes produced in various parts of the baby’s digestive tract has increased significantly. This means that he is already ready to digest and assimilate much more complex foods than six months ago. Thirdly, the child has already become acquainted with many tastes of dishes; it is likely that he has already formed certain taste preferences. Further modification of nutrition should be associated not only with an increase in the nutritional value of the diet, but also with the expansion of the baby’s taste knowledge.

As a rule, breastfeeding after 1 year occurs early in the morning and late in the evening, before bedtime. Night feedings often continue at this age. There is nothing wrong with this: it is impossible to overfeed with breast milk. In addition, recent studies allow us to say with confidence that night breastfeeding not only does not increase the risk of developing caries, but, on the contrary, prevents its development. Antibodies contained in breast milk inhibit the growth of staphylococcus, which is the main cause of caries.

If the baby has already stopped receiving breast milk, but continues to “latch on” to a bottle of formula or even juice at night, then this needs to be stopped. Unfortunately, formulas differ in properties from breast milk. Therefore, their consumption, especially at night, significantly increases the risk of developing caries. The fact is that after them, as after any meal, the acid-base balance in the oral cavity strongly shifts to the acidic side, which creates the preconditions for the destruction of tooth enamel. And in general, by the age of one and a half years, a baby should be weaned from eating at night (this does not apply to breastfeeding), as this disrupts sleep, worsens appetite during the day and does not allow parents to get enough sleep.

When and how much to feed your baby?

Up to 1.5 years old, you can leave your baby five meals a day, but if you notice that the child refuses the last (fifth) feeding, then it’s time to transfer him to the “adult” four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. In this case, the intervals between feedings are 3.5-4 hours. It is during this period, according to research, that the food eaten is evacuated from the baby’s stomach, that is, it is ready for the next meal. You should strictly follow the established diet: try not to deviate from the “schedule” for more than 15-30 minutes. If the feeding regime is observed, the entire digestive system operates more clearly: the food reflex determines the formation of a good appetite, digestive juices are produced in a timely manner and in sufficient quantities, which allows for good digestion and absorption of food. With disordered eating, such a reflex is almost not developed, the secretion of enzymes and juices is reduced, and food is processed worse. Try not to give your baby anything between feedings - fruits, juices, dairy products, and especially sweets. This especially applies to children with decreased appetite. Such “snacks” reduce the baby’s appetite, disrupt the established mechanism for the production of digestive juices, so during main meals he may refuse certain healthy foods.

The calorie content of a child's daily diet at 12-18 months is approximately 1300 kcal, the volume of food is 1000-1200 ml. The distribution of this amount throughout the day is quite even: breakfast and dinner - 25% each, lunch - 35%, afternoon snack - 15%. It is estimated that for every kilogram of body weight, a one-year-old child needs about 4 g of protein, 4 g of fat and 16 g of carbohydrates per day. In this case, proteins of animal origin should make up at least 70% of their total daily amount, vegetable fats - approximately 13% of the total amount of fat.

What to serve?

By the age of 1, your baby has most likely become familiar with almost all types of foods. After 1 year, modifying the diet involves both turning to new products and gradually changing the method of their preparation and the degree of grinding.

Breast or not breast?
Despite the fact that the baby has formally already left the ranks of infants, it is perhaps still too early to wean him, especially in the hot season (the latter circumstance significantly increases the risk of catching an intestinal infection). Many pediatricians believe that breastfeeding is worth it until about 20-24 months. After all, sucking the breast not only gives the baby the opportunity to receive tasty milk, but also allows you to feel maternal warmth and care, providing psychological comfort. We must also not forget that milk remains extremely useful at this age: it contains special substances that stimulate the development of the nervous system, in particular the brain, many vitamins, antibodies, and is easily and completely absorbed.

Dairy products in child nutrition

Dairy products still occupy a large place in the diet. They are a source of valuable calcium, B vitamins, as well as a supplier of protein and milk fat. After 1 year, the baby can be offered kefir (up to 200 ml per day), yogurt (200-300 ml). It is better not to exceed the recommended amount, since lactic acid products are rich in acidic compounds, which can overload both the baby’s digestive and excretory systems. It is better that the yogurt is made specifically for baby food. If you give your baby “adult” yogurts, make sure that they are low-fat (milk, not creamy) and contain as little sucrose, preservatives, flavors and other artificial additives as possible. Of course, it is better to prefer “live” yoghurts - they allow you to maintain healthy intestinal flora. Such yoghurts have a limited shelf life (usually no more than 2 weeks), and they can only be stored in the refrigerator, at a temperature of 2-8°C. If the yogurt packaging indicates that the shelf life exceeds 1 month, then this product has been heat-treated and does not contain live lactic acid cultures. Also relevant are milk formulas - the so-called “follow-up formulas”, that is, those intended for feeding children after 6 months. Why is it worth offering them to your baby even after 1 year? The fact is that nutritionists increasingly agree on postponing a baby’s introduction to whole cow’s milk until at least 2-2.5 years of age, which is associated with a high frequency of allergic reactions to cow’s milk protein.

Other important dairy products are cottage cheese and cheese. The daily dose of cottage cheese can be increased to 70 g per day after 1 year. Some parents prefer to give it to their children every other day, but in a dose of about 140 g. Cottage cheese can be given in its “pure” form, or you can make pudding, casserole from it, or make cheesecakes when closer to a year and a half. Cheese is more often used in grated form as an additive to pasta. But some kids love to chew cheese with their teeth. In this case, this product will also contribute to the development of chewing skills.

Butter is most often used as an additive to cereals or spread on bread. The recommended dose is about 12 g per day. It is better not to heat-treat butter (that is, add it to ready-made dishes).

After 1 year, you can use low-fat sour cream and cream in small quantities. Sour cream is best suited for seasoning first courses, cream is best for preparing sauces for second courses.

Fruits and vegetables in a child's diet

Fruits and vegetables should also be widely represented on the baby’s table. After 1 year, you can slowly introduce the baby to new types of fruits and berries: strawberries, cherries, sweet cherries, kiwis, apricots, peaches, currants, gooseberries, chokeberries, sea buckthorn, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blueberries, lingonberries and even citrus fruits. Of course, such introductions should be well thought out, and the mother will have to carefully monitor the baby’s reaction to each new product introduced. In children with allergic reactions, it is better not to take new steps without consulting an allergist or pediatrician. Berries that have a fairly dense peel are best crushed into puree, while soft, juicy fruits (apricots, peaches, kiwi) can be offered to the baby in slices. Even if your beloved little one tolerates exotic fruits (citrus fruits, kiwi) well, do not give them a lot: these fruits contain quite a lot of plant acids, which in large quantities can irritate the delicate mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Grapes enhance fermentation processes in the intestines and overload the child’s diet with carbohydrates. However, it is relatively poor in vitamins. That is why nutritionists recommend starting to use it at a later age - closer to three years. Fruits can be given to the baby at the end of main meals; they can also be added to porridge or mixed with dairy products. The recommended dose of fruit is about 200-250 g per day. You can add another 100 ml of fruit juice to this amount. If before 1 year you should prefer clarified juices, then after 1 year it is quite possible to give the baby juices and nectars with pulp.

The baby’s vegetable menu can be enriched with beets, turnips, tomatoes, green peas, and beans. Legumes should be given to children in small quantities and only in a well-cooked and thoroughly crushed form, since these products are rich in coarse fiber, which causes increased gas formation in the intestines and increases peristalsis, which can lead to abdominal pain and diluted stools. Vegetables are mainly used in soups and side dishes for meat and fish dishes. They can not only be boiled, but also stewed. At the age of 1 year, they are given in the form of purees; closer to one and a half years, you can begin to offer your baby soft boiled or stewed vegetables in pieces. Closer to one and a half years, you can sometimes start offering your baby garden greens - dill, parsley, cilantro, wild garlic, spinach, lettuce, green onions. Finely chopped greens can be added to soups and main courses before serving.

It is better to add vegetable oils at the final stage of cooking vegetables in order to expose them to heat as little as possible, since in the process of heating any fats, carcinogens are formed that are harmful to the health of not only infants, but even adults.

Meat, fish, eggs in child nutrition

Meat products are given in the form of steam cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, meat soufflé and pudding in the amount of 100 g daily. Towards the middle of the second year, you can offer your baby stewed meat in small pieces, but at the same time be careful that he does not choke. Many types of meat are still used in the diet: beef, veal, lean pork, rabbit, turkey, chicken, as well as offal - liver, tongue, heart, brains. Waterfowl meat (duck, goose) and lamb are rich in refractory fats, which complicates the digestion and absorption of these types of meat, so they can be given only from time to time.

Fish should be offered once or twice a week, 30-40 g per meal, as a replacement for meat dishes. You can prepare fish cutlets (steamed) or meatballs, or stew fish fillets.

Eggs are also of great importance in the nutrition of children after 1 year, as they are rich in valuable nutrients - easily digestible protein, valuable amino acids, vitamins (A, D, E), phospholipids, minerals, micro- and macroelements. Egg whites are absorbed almost completely - 96-97%, fats - about 95%. Only chicken and quail eggs are used to feed babies. Waterfowl eggs are excluded due to the high risk of transmitting dangerous infections. Quail eggs differ from chicken eggs not only in their higher protein content (with a large amount of the essential amino acid tryptophan), but also in their higher fat and cholesterol content. Children under 1.5 years old should only be offered eggs boiled (hard-boiled) or in the form of omelettes with milk (they can also contain various vegetables). In their raw form (and in addition, “soft-boiled” and “in a bag”, eggs are less digestible, since they contain undenatured protein, and are also dangerous from the point of view of transmitting infections. It is convenient to cook an omelet in the microwave. Then it will not be fried, as in frying pan, and baked, without crust. The omelet mass is poured into a bowl designed for microwave ovens (without using oil) and placed in the oven for 2-3 minutes. In addition, eggs are added to other products during the preparation of various dishes (cheesecakes, pancakes etc.). Since eggs are a product with high allergenic properties (quail eggs are still much less allergenic than chicken eggs), they should not be given to children daily, it is better to do this 3 times a week or every other day. The recommended dose of eggs is % chicken eggs per day or whole eggs every other day.For quail eggs, the dose is approximately doubled.

Cereals, flour and bakery products in a child’s diet

Cereals are widely used in baby food. Oatmeal and buckwheat are especially useful for babies; you can also use corn, rice, millet and other types of cereals. It will be easier for a one-year-old baby to chew and swallow if the porridge has a uniform consistency, which is why instant porridges are often used. Closer to one and a half years, you can give well-cooked cereals without additional grinding.

From time to time, pasta can be used in children's meals. They can be given as a side dish or seasoned with soup. However, they should not be abused, as they are rich in easily digestible carbohydrates. It is recommended to offer them to your baby once or twice a week.

Bread is also used in the nutrition of children of this age. Up to 1.5 years, it is better to offer babies only white bread: it is easier to digest. The total amount of bread per day should not exceed 100 g. Starting from 1.5 years, you can include a little rye bread in the diet of crumbs (up to 50 g per day). Children under 1.5 years old are not offered rye bread, since the sour dough from which it is made causes fermentation in the intestines.

Other products

Drinks can be represented by clean water (preferably not boiled, but bottled “for baby food”), dairy products, fruit and vegetable juices, compotes (it is advisable that they be cooked without any sweetener at all or with the addition of a small amount of fructose), weakly brewed tea, herbal infusions (chamomile, fennel, mint, etc.). It is not recommended to give carbonated drinks (even mineral water) to children under 3 years of age, since the carbon dioxide contained in these drinks irritates the gastrointestinal mucosa. Let the baby regulate the amount of liquid consumed. It will, of course, depend on the diet, time of year, ambient temperature and physical activity of the baby.

Table salt is used in small quantities - about 0.5-1 g per day.

Grapes enhance fermentation processes, so they are recommended to be given to children no earlier than three years of age.

Sweets. You can add a little sugar to sweeten some foods that your baby doesn't particularly like. It is better to prefer fructose: it is absorbed and absorbed by the body more slowly and evenly (which almost eliminates sudden changes in blood glucose levels), does not require insulin to penetrate the body’s cells (that is, it does not create overloads in the pancreas), and less disrupts the acid-base balance oral cavity (and therefore less conducive to the development of caries). In addition, when properly prepared, it is almost 1.75 times sweeter than sucrose, allowing it to be consumed in small quantities. To add flavor to porridge and cottage cheese, you can use fresh fruits and berries, as well as dried fruits. In addition, from time to time, children can be pampered with sweets (ideally, they can also be made with fructose - you can find such products on the shelves of medical nutrition stores) - marshmallows, marshmallows, jam, jam and, of course, honey (provided that the baby carries it). The total dose of sugars per day is 30-40 g for children 1-1.5 years old.

Discussion

White bread destroys teeth. I'm not giving it!!!