Is it worth worrying if one eye sees warmer tones, the other colder? “The same dress”: why we see it differently What to do if the eyes see different colors.

The network again flared up disputes about the color of the clothing attribute. Now the sneaker has become the cause of controversy. Some consider the sneakers gray-blue, some white-pink. Which side are you on?

“In fact, the sneakers turned out to be pink,” says the Internet.

In general, scientists explained this phenomenon back in 2015, when a black-blue or golden-white dress walked around the Internet.

On Thursday, February 26, 2015, a Tumblr user posted a picture of a dress online. The girl asked her friends what colors they see in the photo - white and gold or blue and black. The question seems very simple, but it was this Internet post that divided all users of the World Wide Web into two camps. In fact, the dress in the photo is blue and black.

Some scientists explained the difference in opinions by the fact that everything depends on “day” or “night” perception. According to them, the color perception system developed in humans in the process of evolution.

“We have developed day vision, in which we distinguish all elements of the world around us, including color. Light enters the eye through the lens, hitting the retina at the back of the eye. Wavelengths of different wavelengths activate neural connections in the visual cortex in different ways, which translate signals into images. Night vision allows us to see the contours and movement of objects, but their colors are lost. However, even in daylight, color perception is not always unambiguous: under different lighting, the color gamut of an object is perceived differently, and the brain also takes this into account. The same color at dawn may appear pink-red to us, during the day - white-blue, and at sunset - red. The brain makes a decision about the “reality” of color, in each case making an adjustment for concomitant factors,” the researchers noted and explained that this explains the difference in the perception of the same image by different people.

Those who mistake the light in the background for the sun, decide that the dress is in the shade, so its light areas are obviously blue. Someone in the same bright light is more accustomed to seeing the whiteness of the dress. This is the most common version. However, the brain of about 30% of people does not take into account the light on the background at all - and in this case the dress seems blue to him, and the gold fragments then "become" black.

University of Washington neuroscientist Jay Nitz explained that light enters the eye through a lens - different wavelengths correspond to different colors. Light hits the retina at the back of the eye, where the pigments activate neural connections in the visual context, the part of the brain that processes those signals and turns them into an image. It is extremely important that the light that illuminates everything in this world and essentially has one wavelength is reflected from what you are looking at. The brain independently figures out what color the light reflected from the object you are staring at, and independently extracts the desired color from the “real” color of the object.

“Our visual system is able to discard information about the light source and extract information from a particular reflector,” says Jay Nitz. “But I have been studying individual differences in color vision for over 30 years, and this particular difference is one of the largest in my memory.”

Usually this system works great. But this image somehow touches the border of perception. Part of this may be due to the way people are set. Humans have evolved to see in daylight, but daylight changes color. This chromatic axis ranges from a pinkish-red dawn, through a blue-white afternoon, and then back into a reddish dusk.

"In this case, your visual system is looking at this thing and you're trying to ignore the chromatic shift in the daylight axis," says Bevil Conway, a neurologist who studies color and vision at Wellesley College.

According to another version, the reason for the different perception of colors is a violation of color vision.

These violations can be established using Rabkin's tables. Color perception depends on the visual pigment, this indicator is most often congenital, but it can also be acquired - after an injury or neuritis.

Also, according to psychologists, the perception of color is influenced by living conditions, the state of the person at the moment, professional training and the general condition of the organs of vision.

Another interesting explanation:

optical illusions

Optical illusions often amaze the human imagination, but few of them are able to make people argue with each other so fiercely about what they see. For example, many people remember the gif-image of a girl rotating around its axis: someone sees that she is rotating clockwise, and someone sees that it is against. The authors of this trick report that right-handed people see the girl spin clockwise, while left-handed people see the opposite. So what determines the perception of the colors of a dress or sneaker?

To answer this question, scientists are asked to recall an optical illusion with a shadow on a chessboard: “white” and “black” cells actually turn out to be the same color, although our brain, familiar with the concepts of “shadow” and “chessboard”, is aware that the colors of the cells should be different. The fact is that we think that objects in the shadow are actually lighter than they seem, although in reality this may not be the case.

A similar situation occurs with two color images of the Rubik's Cube. Two identical figures are depicted next to each other, but one of them is viewed through a blue filter, and the other through a yellow one. Thus, a person sees one square on the top side of the cube as blue and the other as yellow, while both of them are, in fact, gray.

“This is all because our brains have unconsciously learned to take into account the importance of the influence of a light source,” explains Dr. Erin Goddard, a cognitive psychologist at Macquarie University in Australia.

Dr. Goddard invites the participants in the argument to imagine that they are holding a sheet of white paper from an office printer. On the street, in a dark bar, under artificial lighting at home, or even in a laboratory with cold light, a person understands that a sheet is white, no matter what color it may seem. So, we can say, a person “makes a discount” on the light source.

Exactly the same thing happens with optical illusions, scientists explain. Looking at a gray square in blue “lighting”, we think that it is yellow, and looking at the exact same gray square in a yellow filter, we guess that it must be blue.

The main thing to understand when considering a lace dress is that we are doing a “discount” on lighting. However, unlike the previous examples, this shot has its own characteristics that make different people see the dress in different colors. First of all, it should be understood that the color composition of a photograph is a very complex “cocktail”.

“If you look at the RGB values ​​for the black and gold part of the dress, they are yellow ocher brown. The rest of the stripes of the dress in the same palette turn out to be light blue with purple hues, ”says Professor Bart Anderson of the University of Sydney, who researches the problems of visual perception in humans.

Another feature that scientists believe is the key to the problem is that it is impossible to determine from the picture under which light source the dress was photographed. As Dr. Goddard explains, the image does not show whether the dress is in the shade or in the light, indoors in artificial light, or outdoors in daylight and the corresponding shadows.

“In addition to the fact that shadows make things appear darker, they have another feature. Direct sunlight is a yellowish filter, which in turn makes us see things bluer - like in the Rubik's cube illusion. Artists are aware of this and add blue to the shadows to make them more convincing,” explains Dr. Goddard.

Thus, without a clue about the light source, people begin to speculate under what conditions the picture of the dress was taken. Those who subconsciously believe that the photo was taken in natural sunlight with its shadows see the dress as white and gold, and those who guess that the dress was photographed under artificial lighting in a windowless room are sure that the dress is blue- black.

One way or another, a randomly taken picture of a dress is an extremely interesting and even out of the ordinary example of an optical illusion. Dr. Jay Neitz of the University of Washington, who was one of the first to investigate the phenomenon, said that he had been studying individual differences in color perception for thirty years, but this was the first time he had encountered such a powerful example in his practice.

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One eye sees warmer tones, the other colder. For about a year now, the left eye sees worse than the right, and everything is in dark colors, as if through the prism of "cloudiness", and the right one, on the contrary, in warm colors. Is it normal? Vision itself is bad. With my left eye, I can hardly distinguish letters in the distance, only near, and even then with difficulty. During the examination they said that everything is in order with the eyes. Should I be concerned and what could it be?

Good afternoon Alexander! Unfortunately, we cannot evaluate the state of your visual system and make a diagnosis in absentia. Please note that if the vision is not 100%, then it cannot be said that “everything is in order” with the vision. The complaints indicated by you may be a sign of various diseases - accordingly, the treatment tactics will be different. In this case, we recommend that you apply for a comprehensive examination of the visual system in a specialized ophthalmological clinic.

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The eyes of a person are not only his soul, but also a whole world of mysteries. Why is it said that people did not see blue before, although the Egyptians used it to decorate their tombs and decorations with might and main? How do some people manage to see ultraviolet radiation, while others can distinguish 100 million shades at once? Does creative vision really exist? There are so many questions that modern scientists must have answers to.

We are in website decided to find out how the vision of different people differs depending on the way of thinking, culture, time and other circumstances. Carefully, after this article, you can see the world in a new light.

Why did ancient people not distinguish fuchsia from white, and purple was confused with blue?

10,000 years ago, people saw colors the same way we do, but used generic names. Light shades were equated to white, dark to black. The color of fuchsia was bright and light, so it stood on a par with white or yellow. Purple and blue were similar and stood in the same row, equating to dark or black. Later, shades began to be distributed between red, yellow, green and blue-green colors (violet, together with blue, fell into the category of blue-green).

In speech, people described shades of color through context - the way we explain taste today. The words "sweet", "salty", "sour", "sharp" or "bitter" are often not enough to accurately convey the meaning, and we use a qualifier: compare, for example, the phrases "like a sour lemon" and "like a sour coffee" .

Did the ancient Egyptians see blue, but the Greeks didn't?

Egyptologist Richard H. Wilkinson observed that there was a specific meaning for each color.

For example, artists have always depicted men with red-brown skin, women with light brown, and gods with gold, because they believed that the skin of the gods and pharaohs was really made of gold. The exception was Osiris, who received black or green skin - a symbol of new life and resurrection. This emphasized his story: he was killed by the god Set and resurrected by the goddess Isis, then to rule the afterlife.

Blue and cyan were the most popular colors among the Egyptians, they symbolized truth, truth, birth and life. The skies and waters of the fertile Nile were blue, fertility amulets and tattoos for women in the form of the god Bes were often also blue. But the meaning of each color was inextricably linked to the context of the image.

This is more noticeable in the language of the ancient Greeks: describing objects, they grouped them according to their qualities. For example, the sky was called bronze because it is dazzling, like a sword blade. The sea is purple-red, as is wine, because they both symbolize freshness, life. But is it true that the Greeks could not distinguish the color blue?

Riddle: what did this ancient Greek statue look like in the original?

Correct answer: option A.

Scientists Vinzenz Brinkmann and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann proved that ancient statues and public buildings are made in color. The pigments in the paints were mineral, but the carrier itself was organic, so over time the bacteria destroyed it, and the paints crumbled. It turned out that our ideas about the minimalism of color in ancient times are far from reality. And, of course, the Greeks perfectly distinguished shades of blue, highlighting it in a separate category of color.

Based on research in 2007, American and German scientists developed an exhibition that presents ancient statues and buildings in their original colors. It is hard to believe that hundreds of years ago ancient Greek craftsmen used such a variety of colors, ornaments in the form of bronze inserts and bulging pupils of eyes made of black stone.

Even Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher and educator of Alexander the Great, in his writings talked about 7 primary colors: black, white, red, yellow, green, blue and purple. He associated them with the 7 notes, and the days of the week.

Today we name 11-12 main categories of color in the language, and this indirectly indicates the degree of development of society. There are those who easily determine the slightest difference in shades of colors and use 10 times more definitions.

For example, "chartreuse", "lime", and "shamrock" are names for green-hued flowers that look like green or light green to most. You can check how sensitive your eyes are to color with this test.

Not a single person distinguishes blue colors for up to a year

Less than 20 strips: maybe you have 2 types of light sensitive cones. Like 1/4 of the world's population. You see slightly fewer colors than most. To see the full spectrum will help special glasses or applications designed for all types of color blindness.

20 to 36 strips: you most likely have 3 types of light sensitive cones. You, like most people, distinguish a large number of color shades.

More than 37 strips: you seem to be among the tetrachromats. They have 4 types of light-sensitive cones at once. Such people recognize approximately 100 million colors. like bees, some birds and the artist Concetta Antico, who creates paintings like this:

The presence of 4 types of cones at once is a rare mutation and occurs among women who have men with color blindness in their family. But even people with identical eyes - twins - perceive color differently. The brain itself determines color depending on mood, emotions and memories.

How to describe a color if there is no name for it in the language?

Some people have noticed that we often use different names for the same color because of the difficulty of perception. Remember the riddle with the dress: some considered it white and gold, others black and blue.

The thing is, they're all the same color. This is a Munker-White optical illusion. Because of the multi-colored stripes in the picture, it seems that the circles are 4 different shades. Think it's an easy task now? Try to answer exactly what color the heart is behind the stripes:

Answer: they are all the same color - yellow.

Can you hear the color or see the time?

Yes, the neurological phenomenon of synesthesia is also a game of our minds. Synesthesia people imagine that the letter "D" is certainly, say, blue, and the name "Aleksey" can cause a bitter taste in their mouths.

Famous synesthetics were Vladimir Nabokov, Franz Liszt, Duke Ellington and Van Gogh. If you feel like you're a synesthetic too, test yourself and take part in research to help science in the knowledge of this amazing state.

Why do people with autism see the world differently?

Different perception of the organs of vision does not always indicate the presence of a pathological condition.

The difference in color perception may not be expressed significantly, which indicates a certain norm of vision.

A significant difference in the color display of the picture is the reason for seeking medical help.

The reasons for the different perception of shades are congenital or acquired. With hereditary pathology, both eyes are affected. In the case of acquired color blindness, one-sided progression of the disease is observed. Violations of color perception develop against the background of a pathological condition in the body:

• diseases of the retina;
• violations in the functionality of the central nervous system;
• jaundice;
• improper use of medicines;
• poisoning with chemical components or their compounds;
• due to cataract removal;
• prolonged exposure to the visual apparatus of ultraviolet rays.

Acquired violation of color transmission from the eyes to the brain, there are several types:

• xanthopsia. Surrounding objects become yellow.
• Cyanopsia. The picture is perceived in blue shades.
• Erythropsia. Vision is colored red.

The appearance of acquired disorders in the susceptibility of a color picture is temporary. Elimination of the pathological condition occurs after reducing the impact of provoking factors.

Complete loss of color perception by the organs of vision is characterized by additional pathological conditions:

• lowering the level of vision;
• central scotoma.

There is partial blindness to some shades of colors. Classify such color perception according to shades:

• Protanopia. Insensitivity of the eyes to red.
• Deuteranopia. The organs of vision do not recognize green shades.
• Tritanopia. It is difficult to recognize blue color with the visual apparatus.

Perhaps the appearance of complex color blindness. For example, only blue or green shades are not perceived.

Common pathological conditions are protanopia and deuteranopia.

Check at home

To test at home, you only need a bandage. Manipulation is carried out in stages:

• Closing 1 eye, you need to fix your eyes on white.
• Repeat the procedure with the other organ of vision.
• The described procedure is alternately carried out, but with a higher speed of changing eyes.
• Look at white with one eye for about 5 minutes. Then change the organ of vision.

All changes must be remembered or recorded in a convenient format.

Explanation

Due to the rapid switching of the work of the visual apparatus, when the gaze stops in a non-white color, in the absence of deviations, the same picture is observed without changes in brightness or color hue. A necessary condition for obtaining a reliable result is the test during the waking period.

After removing the bandage from the eye covered with it, there should be no change in color perception. There may be a temporary increase in the brightness of the closed eye.

The different susceptibility of the organs of vision to pictures is not always based on incurable diseases. It is enough to eliminate the influence of provoking factors, which will have a beneficial effect on the restoration of vision. The presence of any changes requires consultation with an ophthalmologist to determine the provoking factors.