What an escalator. Longest escalator

Construction and operation of escalators. Lifting performance. Escalator installation options. Escalator control. Escalators in transport structures. Dimensions and performance of escalators with a slope from 30° to 35°. Number of people going up the escalator in 1 hour. Required power.

Escalators for commercial and administrative buildings. The construction and operation of escalators is carried out in accordance with the relevant instructions.

Escalators (Fig. 1) are suitable for continuous and intense flow of people. Escalators are not taken into account as fire escape routes.

Tilt angle- 30 and 35°; step width 0.4 m; the width of the escalator is 0.6 - 1.1 m, usually 0.8 m. With the width of the steps exceeding 1 m, overtaking is possible without interfering with oncoming traffic. At the places of approach to and exit from the escalator there must be a platform at least 2.5 m wide.

Typically, in all countries, the speed of the escalator belt is approximately 0.5 m/s; maximum speed 0.75 m/s; tilt angle over 30°, downward speed 0.5 m/s.

The controls and power button are located at the top or additionally at the bottom. Control can be carried out automatically by a clock or program mechanism.

Manual control is more reliable. Escalators are supplied as a set with a width of approximately 2.5 m for a height of 3 m.

It is possible to adjust the height by lengthening the structure. The dimensions and performance of escalators are shown in Fig. 1 and in table. 1.

Plan length:

with a slope of 30° = floor height x 1.732.

with a slope of 35° = floor height x 1.428.

For example, with a floor height of 4.5 m and a slope of 30°, the plan length is 4.5 x 1.732 = 7.794 m. The total length, including the upper and lower landings, will be about 9 m. Thus, the escalator can be used simultaneously by approximately 20 people, standing next to each other.

Lifting performance:

M = (Q1v) /T 3600,

where Q1 is the number of people on the step; T - step width, m; v - belt speed, m/s.

In practice, productivity is 75 - 78% of M, since most often the escalator is not fully loaded. For lifting heights ≥ 6 m, an intermediate support is often required.

Escalators in transport facilities are made in accordance with the BOSTRAB Instructions:

They are subject to high requirements (purpose, design, safety); tilt angle 27° 18" and 30°. Dimensions and performance according to Fig. 1 and table to Fig. 2. Construction of staircase structures and vertical transport in high-rise buildings and office buildings, see the article “High-rise office buildings”, in department stores - article "Department stores."

1. Longitudinal (a) and transverse (b) sections of the escalator. Foundation plan (c). Slope 30° to 35° (27° 18′). For dimensions and capacity see table.
2. Options for installing escalators. a – one-sided parallel; b – one-sided continuous; c – double-sided cruciform.

Table 1. Dimensions and performance of escalators with a slope from 30° to 35°(27° 18′).

For a long time, the very appearance of the world's first escalator was an amazing event. Today we can only be interested in unusual escalators, among them the longest and shortest escalators in the world.

The very first escalator

In mid-March 1892, the invention of the American Jess Reno was patented, who presented the escalator as an interesting attraction for tourists. Externally, the first escalator consisted of smooth rubber moving belts with wooden slats replacing steps. Already in 1896, this invention was brought to life. An escalator appeared in Coney Island, a New York park.

Five months after Jess Renaud filed a patent application, Charles Wheeler filed a patent application for a similar invention. In 1898, another inventor, Charles Seeberger, bought Wheeler's patent. Having refined and improved the design, in 1899 he joined the Otis Elevator Company, which specialized in the production of lifting equipment. The escalator in the form of steps was first presented in Paris at the World's Fair in 1900. It was later installed in Philadelphia at the Jimbels store.

In 1911, an escalator was first installed on the London Underground at Earl's Court station. Around that time, the so-called escalator etiquette arose, meaning that people stand on the escalator on the right so that everyone in a hurry is allowed to pass on the left.

The final design of the escalator appeared in 1921. In it, the Otis Elevator Company combined the advantages of Wheeler's invention and Renault's invention. Since then, its design has remained virtually unchanged.

The shortest escalator

The world's smallest escalator is located in the Japanese city of Kawasaki. Its height is eighty-three centimeters. It is installed in one of the supermarkets. Despite its seemingly uselessness, the “baby” is in demand. Every second supermarket visitor prefers to use it.

Tourists in the city are also showing interest in the smallest escalator in the world. The question arises as to what purposes it was installed for. Most likely, the reason is the desire to create an additional city attraction or the desire to get into the Guinness Book of Records.

The most unusual escalators

In addition to escalators located in the metro or shopping centers, there are those that are installed in completely non-standard places or have an unusual design. One of these is a huge street escalator installed in a poor area of ​​the Colombian city of Medellin. The fact is that the entire area is built on a steep mountain slope, which is why residents had to overcome ups and downs several times a day. In 2011, after the installation of the escalator, their life became much easier. The escalator is divided into six sections, so it can be used by all residents of the area's streets. The total length is three hundred eighty-four meters.

It is known about a sealed escalator installed under water. You can ride it in Taiwan while visiting the ocean park. During such a “journey”, visitors have the opportunity to admire stingrays, sharks and other unusual inhabitants of the deep sea swimming very nearby. The design of the escalator is zigzag, thanks to which visitors to the aquarium, without changing the escalator step, rise and fall to different depths of the aquarium.

The oldest working escalator is a wooden escalator installed in New York's Macy's Herald Square shopping center in 1927. It has been renovated several times and has undergone several major renovations.

One of the prestigious areas of Hong Kong has the world's longest system of street escalators. The length of this system is eight hundred meters. The lifting height is one hundred thirty-five meters. In total, the system includes twenty escalators and three moving sidewalks. It takes about twenty minutes to cover the entire route.

We can’t help but mention the incredibly beautiful “crossing” escalator. It can be seen in Moscow in the Evropeisky shopping center. Thanks to the intersecting design, it was possible to minimize the area it occupies.

Known about the bicycle escalator. It is located in the Norwegian city of Trondheim and is designed to lift cyclists up the Brybakken hill.

The longest escalator in the world

The world's longest metro escalator, according to one opinion, is located at the Admiralteyskaya station in St. Petersburg. Its length is one hundred thirty-four meters and forty centimeters. With its help, passengers rise to a height of sixty-eight meters and seventy centimeters. The climb up such an escalator is long, which is why you rarely see a person walking up the steps. According to the website, Admiralteyskaya is also one of the deepest stations in the world. There is a .

The longest horizontally moving escalator is known to be located in Düsseldorf. The length of this “treadmill” is two hundred twenty-five meters.
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Every day, going down the subway, entering shopping centers or going to a meeting in business buildings, we step on an escalator and don’t even think about how unusual the structure is that takes us up or down.

For those who are accustomed to seeing the unusual in the everyday, we have compiled the top five escalators around the world.

The world's oldest escalator

The world's oldest escalator is located in New York, in Macy's Herald Square department store. It was installed in 1927 and is still functioning today, although it has undergone a dozen major renovations.

By the way, London can boast of another ancient escalator, or rather, the Greenford metro station, where the escalator steps are made of wood, and its speed is regulated by royal decree.

The world's longest escalator

The St. Petersburg metro boasts not only unusual isolated stations, but also the longest escalator in the world. It is located at the Admiralteyskaya metro station and has a length of 137.4 meters, lifting people to a height of 68.7 meters.

Residents of St. Petersburg, whose homes and offices are located near Admiralteyskaya, claim that they have time to “get a few minutes of sleep” on the escalator on the way to work. By the way, here you will almost never see a person walking up the escalator - the climb is too long.

The world's shortest escalator

But the Japanese once again surprised everyone by creating the shortest escalator in the city of Kawasaki. Its length is only 83 centimeters, and it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

Its functionality is questionable, but tourists and city residents love their “baby” very much and are proud of it, trying to use it several times in a row.

The most unusual escalator in the world

The idea of ​​a spiral escalator came to the British minds back in 1906. It was created, launched, and only managed to work for one day. Now no one will say whether this was caused by the dizziness of frightened passengers or an error in calculations, but all that remained of the first spiral escalator was a piece found in a landfill and stored in a museum.

But in 1985, the Japanese company Mitsubishi returned to this idea again and, after a long period of development, created the first operating spiral escalator. Although it’s rare to see these now, it’s still possible, although only one company still produces them.

The world's tallest escalator

And one more place in our ranking goes to the Japanese, who built an escalator at a height of 170 meters. In the Umeda Sky Building complex, which consists of two high-rise buildings, under the very roof there is an escalator connecting the buildings with each other. Enclosed in a spacious tunnel made of glass and steel, it becomes a kind of attraction and quite a test for the nervous system.

Of course, there is a similar list in every country, on the continent and in the hemisphere, and residents of many megacities are confident that their achievements are ahead of the global ones. Therefore, if five examples are not enough for you, you can start paying special attention to moving stairs and, who knows, find your own unique escalator.

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This is a unique complex of structures that has several world records, for example, the largest passenger traffic of more than 8 million people per day. At the end of last year, namely on December 28, another world achievement was added to the assets of the Moscow metro - this is the longest escalator in the world, which is located at the Park Pobedy station. Read more about global and other achievements below.

Moscow metro records

As mentioned above, the Moscow metro is a unique structure. Many experts call it the most beautiful among world competitors. And before we talk about where the longest escalator in the world is located, it’s worth pointing out some other records, albeit internal ones.

Longest station

"Sparrow Hills", the station located on is the longest of all. The absolute length of this station is 282 meters, due to which you will have to spend almost 5 minutes to walk from end to end. Vorobyovy Gory is also famous for being the first station in the world built on a river bridge.

Deepest and shallowest stations

The deepest station structure in the Moscow metro is Victory Park, whose depth is 84 meters, with the average depth of Moscow stations being 24 meters. This average can be compared with the shallowest station - the lower level of Pechatnikov goes into the ground at a distance of only 5 meters, due to which part of the station roof is above the surface of the earth, albeit covered with earth.

The most curved station

“Alexandrovsky Garden”, located on has the most curved shape, with a radius of curvature of more than 700 meters. That is why, when a train departs, there is a rule: the driver waits for the go-ahead from the station attendant standing in the center of the platform, since due to the curvature of the tracks, he (the driver) does not see what is happening at the end of the train.

Let's return to the main topic. What is the longest escalator in the world in the metro? The length of this structure, installed at the Park Pobedy station, is 130 meters. This figure allows this building to qualify for a place in the Guinness Book of Records. In addition, this escalator has 4 lanes, a pair in each direction, which greatly simplifies the passage of passengers from the Park Pobedy station to the station of the same name on the Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line. Up to 800 people can be on this lifting and lowering structure at a time, covering 68 meters in the vertical plane. It should be said that the time frame in which this structure was erected was also a record - 2 months, as opposed to 6, which is usually required.

According to Vitaly Shot, who led this project, the operating principle of the escalator meets all international safety standards, including emergency stop and soft start. Control over the operation of all lift lanes is carried out from the dispatchers' room located on Mira Avenue. In fact, this is a twin of a similar structure at the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line station of the same name, only 2 meters longer. The similarity is reflected in the design work - the same 92 fluorescent lamps as decoration.

Other "escalator" records

There are many other records in the world related not only to the length of the escalator. Thanks to this, some are included in the Guinness Book of Records. For example, the smallest escalator in the world is located in one of the shopping centers in the Japanese city of Kawasaki. The height of this little one is just over 80 centimeters. Moreover, it is unknown what exactly prompted the creators to install this creation (functionality clearly has nothing to do with it), but it is really popular. According to statistics, more than 50% of visitors to a shopping center definitely drive through it at least once.

In addition to escalators installed in their traditional places, that is, in the metro or shopping buildings, there are lifts built in non-standard conditions or having a non-standard design. For example, a huge escalator in the city of Medellin, Colombia. The peculiarity of this building is that it was built in one of the poorest areas. The decision to build it was made by the city administration based on the location of the area - on a fairly steep mountain slope, which caused numerous complaints from residents about the difficulty of going up and down. The total length of 6 sections of this escalator is more than 380 meters.

An interesting structure is a sealed underwater escalator installed in the Taiwan Aquarium. “Walking” on it, you can observe the inhabitants of the “underwater kingdom” in their natural habitat and, most importantly, observe in safety. The design of this creation of engineering is also interesting - in the form of a zigzag, which allows, while on one step, to visit different depths of the oceanarium.