Bb cream or foundation. BB Cream vs. Foundation: Clear Benefits

1. Vichy Normaderm BB Cream

Just a great product! It has a very light texture and glides on well. It is easy to apply, does not instantly harden into a mask, rather, this cream is more like a moisturizing day cream. Of course, it will not mask noticeable imperfections, because it lays down in a very thin layer. But on the other hand, it creates such an effect that the skin itself becomes even and naturally radiant. Even, in principle, does not require powder - such a light tone that does not turn the face into a mask. The only point - you need to choose your tone, because the cream does not adapt to the color of the skin. It smells delicious, the aroma is a bit like perfume.

2. Erborian CC Cream

When squeezed onto the hand, it has a white color with small black grains. Already when applied to the skin, its tone appears. Not suitable for very fair skin as it is quite dark. To adjust its tone, you can mix it with your regular day cream, preferably the same brand. So you can avoid unexpected reactions, and the care effect will only increase. The CC cream applies and blends easily. It has a subtle pleasant smell. It is not felt on the face, with it the skin has become more velvety to the touch. The result is a rested, and in the case of fair skin, even a slightly tanned look.

3. Foundation Eveline

In general, the cream lays down well and perfectly moisturizes the skin without leaving a feeling of tightness. The texture is not too liquid, but not quite dense, so it is applied conveniently and quickly. There is no fragrance, which, of course, can be attributed to the pluses. It covers bruises and slight redness well. The bottle says that the cream is mattifying, but if you have rather oily skin, the matting effect will not last long.

4. BB Cream Biotherm

It has a light texture and spreads evenly. Blends seamlessly with skin tone and adjusts easily to enhance complexion. A nice bonus - after removal, the skin becomes renewed and toned, which means that this foundation works great.

5. BB cream SPF 20 Babor

Its texture is light, weightless, there are no fragrances, but there is a pleasant, barely perceptible aroma. The cream is applied very easily and evenly, and we could not believe our eyes, this cream just perfectly adapts to the skin color! The borders are not visible at all, and the complexion is fresh and radiant. This is a really smart cream.

6. CC cream L "Occitane

Flawlessly masks minor imperfections, but it is completely invisible on the skin. Light and moisturizing, upon application it activates the particles with pigment and visibly improves the complexion. Keeps until the evening. And the gentle smell of peony has done its job - you can safely spend the whole summer with it!

7. Teint Couture Balm Givenchy

It has a creamy texture, not liquid and not dense, something in between. It applies very easily and can be applied directly with your fingers. It is comfortable to wear, you do not notice its presence on the face. Nice scent, like all Givenchy products. It creates the appearance of moisturized and well-groomed skin, but does not completely hide all skin imperfections - that's why it is a balm. The shade was darker than the desired one, but it's okay, for a while after the vacation - it's the best!

8. Premium BB cream, Dr.Jart

It is quite dense in texture, but at the same time it adapts surprisingly to the natural skin tone. Well masks minor imperfections, gives a slight glow. It is not felt on the skin, it is quickly absorbed and does not “hooligan” during the day, namely, it does not stain clothes and does not change the shade.

9. Sleek MakeUP CC Cream

It has a very pleasant smell, soft and light in texture. Applied without any problems. It doesn't feel on the skin either. It does not cover everything, but in general, for people with a minimum amount of imperfections, it is very suitable.

10. Yves Rocher BB Cream

It has a pleasant unobtrusive aroma. It evens out the skin tone well, but you need to be careful with it, you apply a little more and it will be hard for your skin underneath. Therefore, with such a product it takes time, you can not apply it without looking and run. It requires elaboration, careful shading.

11. Light foundation with a velvety effect NARS

A good toner with a pleasant scent. The texture is a little greasy, but it is easy and quick to apply. Moisturizes, hides all the bumps and redness. True, at the same time it forms a mask, the face under it almost does not breathe. This cream is good for photo shoots.

12. Vichy Dermablend Foundation, 15 Opal

Perfect for framing. It has a velvety texture, dries very quickly and turns into a matte mask (in a good way), so you need to apply quickly. It adjusts to the skin tone and evens out the skin so that it seems like a “photoshop” is built into it, but the most pleasant thing is that it is matte and there is no oily sheen. Perfectly covers everything you need. "Friends" with powder and blush, in combination with them makes the face just perfect. It has an unobtrusive smell, suitable for capricious girls who do not like decorative cosmetics to have strong aromas.

13. Anti-aging cream with a tonal effect SPF 30 Pevonia

It has a delicate aroma, consonant with the aroma of Diorissimo perfume. Applying to the skin is a pleasure. It has a high sun protection factor, which is very important in the summer. It tightens the skin well and works very effectively in problem areas. Adapts to skin tone while maintaining your natural glow.

14. BB cream with SPF 30, tone 2 nature, Essence

In the summer, a high protection factor of 30 is an excellent bonus, since there are quite a few “happy” owners of very fair skin in Russia. The first effect after squeezing the cream on the hand was not very joyful. The texture at first glance seemed dense, but the product is well and evenly distributed on the skin, quickly absorbed. For a natural tone, this BB is too dark, but when shading it adapts well to the skin color, it masks small redness and irregularities perfectly. There is no obvious border between "own" and "toned" skin. There are no fragrances in this “bibishka” at all (but this is a plus for girls with sensitive skin), but at the same time it has some kind of specific sourish aroma (everything was in order with the expiration date).

15. Perfect Skin Toning Fluid SPF 20 Caudalie

With a very pleasant aroma and light texture. Removes redness, visually hides pores and improves skin tone. Fits like a second skin. Leaves no oiliness, skin becomes soft and tender with it.

16. Erborian BB Cream

It has a light pleasant aroma, from this the process of applying BB turns into a real beauty sacrament. Superbly distributed, levels imperfections and keeps perfectly. Works flawlessly in any weather, leaves no marks on white collars and miraculously refreshes the complexion.

17. La Roche Posay BB Cream

Good product, moisturizes, makes the skin soft and silky. The texture of the cream is very light, easy to apply and spread. Just one minute is enough - and the skin of the face is in perfect condition. Masking abilities are rather weak, but explosives are not designed to mask the skin. He has other tasks. Bottom line: the skin color is natural and radiant, minor imperfections are hidden, significant ones have become less noticeable.

18. Stellary CC Cream

Cream with a pronounced smell, the texture is quite oily, but is distributed evenly on the skin. It masks well enough, but it feels like the skin is in a "bunker", practically does not breathe. In general, this is a good matting agent, but it still dried out the skin. Another downside to this product is the packaging. A tube with an inconvenient dispenser, you can’t wait for the cream from it. I had to remove the lid and squeeze it onto a sponge.

19. CC-cream "Black Pearl"

It has a beautiful matte layer, suitable for oily skin. Evenly lays down, well masks bruises around the eyes. Easily rinsed off with water. After removal, the skin looks renewed and well-groomed.

20. La Roche Posay CC Cream

The consistency is not liquid, closer to thick. Together with a convenient dispenser, this product is very economical in terms of consumption. The aroma is pleasant, floral. It moisturizes the skin well, you don’t even need to apply a moisturizer, you can directly on the skin (manufacturers advise doing so). The only negative is that it does not mask irregularities well, but at the same time it removes redness well and creates a well-groomed beautiful tone on the skin. It's nice that the product contains SPF 30 protection, which means you don't have to worry about age spots with it.

21. Smashbox CC Cream

Tone cream Smashbox behaves "decently", is quite easy to apply, but you need to make sure that there are no forgotten traces left out of sight, because it dries quickly. Moisturizes well. The only important nuance worth knowing is a light shade of tan (if you suddenly don’t guess with a shade and take a tone darker), so make sure that there is no ugly border on the neck. Another plus is that it smells good.

22. Ton Mattin Vivienne Sabo Foundation

Liquid product, easy to apply. The smell is sharp, chemical. A bit sticky in texture but dries quickly and applies well. It improves skin tone, removes pallor, does not lie like a mask, perfectly levels the pores, they become visible only if you look very closely. Mattifies superbly. Excellent value for money and quality.

23. Stellary Foundation

The texture is thick, but still great. It lays down evenly, perfectly masks imperfections, redness and small pimples. He keeps steadfastly - he survived in one day a date, a meeting, and a meeting with friends. There is only one minus - this foundation does not like heat, but in hot weather it is better not to use a dense tone (this is not very good for pores).

24. Tint Du Soleil SPF 30 Sunforgettable

A cool product for those who need results here and now, plus for the whole day. Lays down evenly, quickly adjusts to the skin and evens out minor imperfections. It can literally be used on the run, when you are in a hurry somewhere, and there is absolutely no time to restore beauty.

25. CC cream with SPF 30, tone 2 nature, Essence

It has a fairly dense texture, while being applied and distributed on the skin as well as its lighter counterpart BB. Of the pluses, I would like to highlight its unsurpassed disguise. It perfectly hides skin imperfections, does not require additional help in the form of concealers and powders. But, there is also a minus - it gives a rather dense coating and is “naughty”, it does not really adapt to skin color, it remains noticeable on the face. But, nevertheless, the effect of the mask, as from some tonal products, was not noticed behind him.

26. Foundation Extreme SPF 30 Oriflame

Light pleasant cream with a pleasant floral aroma. Convenient small tube. The texture is light and easy to apply. The skin underneath breathes. Suitable for dry skin as it moisturizes very well. Does not stain clothes, can be applied by hand. Despite the lightness, it mattifies the skin well. Leaves no oily sheen. The skin looks natural, while redness and irregularities do not appear.

27. Burberry Foundation

He has a very beautiful bottle, which is pleasant and comfortable to hold in your hands. The lid closes tightly, which means that the cream will never stain the cosmetic bag. It is squeezed out just as conveniently, dosed, which allows you to use the product to the very last drop. The tone is well applied and easily blended on the face. Girls with very fair skin should choose the lightest shades. If you didn’t guess with the tone, it can be used as a contouring tool. During the day, the cream does not roll down, but keeps well. Does not have a pronounced odor.

Having confidently burst into the cosmetology market, BB creams have finally won women's hearts. Developed in Germany, this tool has received its further distribution and recognition in Asian countries. Therefore, do not be surprised that at the moment the best brands that have launched the production of BB cream are Asian companies.

Top Producers

  • missha is a leading Korean cosmetics brand whose line of BB creams breaks all records of international popularity.
  • Skin 79- a no less famous Korean company that manufactures its products (including these creams) in strict accordance with international CGMP standards.
  • Etude house- a South Korean cosmetics company that produces the best natural composition of BB creams, most of which are aimed at skin rejuvenation.
  • Innisfree- also Korea, the products of this company are distinguished by powerful antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

When not to use BB creams

It turns out that you should not succumb to the mass (although quite understandable) passion for such products, in some cases, cosmetologists advise not to use creams of this kind:

  • It is not recommended to purchase a BB cream if you have not already acquired special deep-spectrum makeup removers. Whatever brand the cream belongs to, it certainly clogs the pores tightly due to the silicones that make up the composition. The best way to remove it is considered hydrophilic oil.
  • Do not rush to buy Asian BB creams if you have dark skin. As a rule, their color palette is not diverse, because they adapt to the skin tone. However, not many means succeed in "killing" the natural swarthyness.
  • You should not use such a cream, no matter how popular it may be, if you do not experience any special skin problems. After all, its main purpose is to mask flaws and prevent their occurrence.

The best bb creams in 2017-2018 (according to customer reviews and according to "Price Expert") are in our rating.

Tonal creams have long been known to the world. At the same time, many new products have appeared in the beauty industry over the past decade. Read about the variety of tonal means, their types and types. Today we will talk about BB, CC, DD creams, let's analyze how the usual foundation differs from the above preparations. We will also study which product is better to choose for face makeup in a particular case.

Usual foundation cream

Foundation is a tool designed to hide skin imperfections, even out its tone. Used by women of different ages, professions. Indispensable for photo shoots, important events, situations when you need to look good. Perfectly hides small pimples, redness, bruises under the eyes. Refreshes and gives the face a healthier look.

Contains a large amount of pigment, has a rich, dense texture. Therefore, it closes the pores, dries the skin, does not allow it to “breathe”. Therefore, it is not recommended to use tonal creams every day. Otherwise, you can only exacerbate the existing problems. Dry skin will be even drier, and oily skin will shine even more (the work of the sebaceous glands is disrupted).

Novelties in the world of cosmetics appeared just so that a woman could look flawless every day without worsening the condition of her skin. Find out the difference between foundation and new products below.

BB cream

BB cream (stands for beauty balm, translated as beauty balm) is a lighter, moisturizing version of foundation. It was developed in Korea, offering to use it instead of a mass of cosmetics (serum, foundation, day cream, foundation). Naturally, miracles do not happen. However, BB cream has become a great alternative to foundation with foundation. It has a lighter texture, contains care, moisturizing ingredients. while it contains less pigment. as a result, the drug clogs pores less and is suitable for every day.

Which is better: BB or foundation? Here you need to understand for what purpose to use the product. BB cream can even out skin tone, hide minor imperfections. The tonal cream gives the face an ideal look, better copes with the functions of toning. Therefore, the foundation is suitable for special occasions. BB cream, according to reviews, is good for daily application: it gives the face a healthy look, while it is applied faster (there is no need for a base). Looks good on oily skin - it does not shine. Yes, and dry skin retains its health.

CC cream

CC cream (stands for color correction, which means color correction). Created to correct skin tone, even out it. In fact, this is an improved version of the correctors. However, CC creams cannot replace the corrector - they only make the face visually more uniform. In terms of texture, CC creams are lighter than both BB and foundation creams.

The formula of CC creams is light, almost weightless. They are ideal for hot days when there is no desire to apply makeup, but you still want and need to look good. According to reviews, SS and foundation creams are completely different things. In other matters, as in the case of BB creams.

DD cream

Cream DD (stands for daily defense, which means daily protection). Means, the main task of which is to care for the skin of the face, nourish, moisturize it. But adjusting the tone is already an option. You will find very little pigment here. Therefore, you can safely use DD cream daily even instead of a day cream.

There is a big difference between foundation and DD cream. These are not interchangeable drugs. Since DD does a poor job of toning, it only refreshes the complexion, making it visually smoother. He cannot hide his flaws.

What other face creams are there?

There is also an EE cream (stands for extra exfoliating, in translation - extra cleansing). A tool designed to even out skin tone, lighten pigmentation, exfoliate. In fact, this is not a foundation at all, since it does not contain pigments. This is a skin care cosmetic that, thanks to microparticles, exfoliates the stratum corneum of the skin, giving the face a healthy look. The market is currently represented only by Estee Lauder.

List many letters of the alphabet already. But somehow they didn’t say anything about AA creams. In fact, everything is simple - this is also not a cream for toning the face, but care, anti-aging - anti age. That's all. Although, maybe in the near future there will be FF, GG creams and the list goes on. We'll see!

So we sorted out which cream is better to choose: foundation, BB, CC or DD. analyze, choose and use cosmetics suitable for yourself. And of course, be beautiful!

The cosmetics industry offers women such an assortment that it’s time to get confused. If you are not a fan of a lot of jars on your dressing table, then understand BB creams. These products can replace several skincare products at once and reduce the time spent on makeup.

What is BB Cream

What is the definition of a product? BB cream is a multifunctional concealer balm that can level out minor skin imperfections. This product was developed by German dermatologists for use after aggressive cosmetic procedures, so that the client can use it both for the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect and masking problem areas on the face. Multifunctionality is ensured by the fact that the cream moisturizes the skin, gives it the desired shade, and it is applied better than tonal. This generated a lot of positive feedback about the product.

This novelty of cosmetics has received great popularity in Asian countries. Why are women living in this region positioned as the best BB cream, and not traditional beauty products for face care? Such a tool, along with the necessary care, also corrected the skin tone well, creating a lighter coating on the face. This has become a very important benefit for Asian women who are striving to lighten their skin in every possible way. Today, this product, due to its versatility, is in demand by millions of women around the world.

Which BB cream is best

You need to know that although this product is universal, some characteristics differ. It is incorrect to say categorically which BB cream is the best. So, for each type of skin - normal, dry or oily - a product should be selected. It is also necessary to take into account the price of a particular product: according to the girls, expensive and cheaper cosmetics options have their own characteristics. Consider how creams differ from different manufacturers - this will help you make the right choice when buying.

Garnier BB Cream

This product is very popular. It is rare that a rating of BB creams is complete without a product from this manufacturer. Why is it so loved by consumers? BB-cream Garnier is indispensable for owners of oily skin, because it helps to eliminate greasy shine, perfectly matting the face and giving it a slight glow. The product has a very pleasant texture, which is easily distributed over the skin, hiding minor redness and slight pigmentation. Another advantage why women cite Garnier as a good BB cream is the affordable price.

No need to think that the best BB creams are only in the range of expensive cosmetic brands - good examples can be found among the names of budget cosmetics. These include BB-cream Pure Line. According to the manufacturer's recommendations, it can be used immediately after washing, without applying additional moisturizer. This property is especially valuable for owners of oily skin, as it will help to better avoid greasy shine. According to reviews, the tonal effect of this product is very light and there are still flaws, but the low price still attracts many.

Maybelline BB Cream

What are the features of this product? Maybelline BB Cream has a light, gel-like texture that makes it easy to apply to the face and spread evenly for a smooth, radiant finish. The product can not be combined with a moisturizer, but applied immediately to the skin after cleansing. You need to know that Maybelline cream can make the skin tone more even and radiant, but it cannot mask visible redness and pimples well. For this purpose, you will have to additionally use powder, which, by the way, is perfectly applied to such a base. Read more about makeup base: how to choose the right one, what types of it exist and tips for use.

Black Pearl - BB cream

What results can be expected from the product of this brand? According to the manufacturer, Black Pearl BB-cream should moisturize, give the skin an even tone, hide its minor imperfections and even fight wrinkles. According to consumer reviews, this product is still best used with a day cream - due to the light, thin texture, the product will not be able to effectively nourish the skin during the day. To get a denser coating, you will have to apply it in several layers, which can cause a greasy sheen.

Missha BB Cream

What are the features of this cosmetic product from a Korean manufacturer? Missha BB cream is more suitable for owners of dry and normal skin, because it does not matte with oily sheen. The remedy will not work even in the case when the skin is dehydrated, there are noticeable peeling. A huge plus of this cream is that it perfectly hides various tone irregularities and has a high sun protection factor. The formula of the product was developed for the Asian skin type, so making such a purchase for the purpose of permanent use is not the most reasonable option.

How to choose a BB cream

Often, due to the diversity of the assortment, a woman does not know by what criteria one should choose a remedy. To buy the best BB cream, you need to pay attention to such points.

  1. Choose a product that suits your skin type - then the product will be convenient to apply, will not tighten the skin and give an ugly shine.
  2. Carefully consider the composition of the balm to minimize the possibility of an allergic reaction.
  3. Pay attention to whether this particular cream will give the desired tonal effect.
  4. If there are several shades in the color line, choose the option that best suits your complexion. Although the feature of these products is that they adjust in color, a product with a shade that contrasts with the skin (too dark or light) will not always be able to apply in the best way.
  5. Price is an important, but not the main selection criterion. Give preference not to the cheaper or more expensive option, but to the one with which you like yourself more in the mirror.

BB-cream appeared on the market of cosmetic products relatively recently, but has already managed to gain popularity. Experts talk about which is better: foundation or BB cream.

Currently, BB cream is very popular. Reviews about this product can be found on the pages of specialized sites. Most of them are positive.

Just a few years ago, BB cream began to be sold in cosmetic stores. "What is it and how to use it correctly?" - this is the question women often turn to cosmetologists. After all, many still do not know what BB cream is. The composition of this product is quite complex, as it is designed to perform several functions at once.

BB cream is a cosmetic product that should take care of the skin and at the same time hide some visible imperfections, give the face a light shade. A tinted BB cream helps to improve the condition of the skin from the inside and at the same time instantly give it a beautiful color, a healthy glow.

Many women still hesitate to try this new product, and some cannot decide what suits them best: foundation or BB cream. Professional cosmetologists help answer all your questions.

Of course, more familiar to most of the fair sex is the gradual application of a moisturizing or nourishing cream to the skin, and then a foundation. From the point of view of cosmetology, this approach is more correct. The fact is that everyone's skin is different and for proper care it requires different products.

BB cream is a 2 in 1 product. As a rule, these products are universal. Manufacturers write that they are suitable for both oily and dry, normal skin. But this is completely impossible. Unfortunately, there are no miracles and no remedy can suit completely different types of faces.

Such products may be suitable for young women who do not have special skin problems. In this case, the BB cream will only slightly moisturize the face, nourish it and give it a light shade. But neither with the problem of dry skin, nor with the appearance of wrinkles or rashes on the face, such a tool can not cope.

Using a foundation, a woman gets the opportunity to independently choose skin care products. Makeup in this case should be applied according to the usual scheme for many. First you need to clean your face, then wipe it with a tonic or lotion, and then apply a cream on it.

The cream should be chosen based on the needs of your skin, its type, as well as your age. At different times of the year, it is preferable to choose different facial care products, as the needs of the skin change.

Owners of oily skin can successfully replace the face cream with a fat-free gel or balm. In some cases, women prefer to cover their face with makeup base before applying foundation or other tint or concealer product. But in most cases, ladies are still limited to cream and the foundation itself.

Making a choice in favor of the phased application of a care product and a foundation, a woman gets the opportunity to independently choose a shade of tone and, most importantly, select this product according to her skin type. Few people know that the main thing in foundation is not its shade, although this is also important, but its type. The times when cosmetic companies produced only one type of tone in several shades are long gone. Today, women have the opportunity to independently choose which remedy they need.

For owners of oily skin, one foundation is needed, ladies with dry, flaky skin will need a completely different product. If you choose the wrong tool, the tone will not lie in an even layer, but will look like an ugly mask on your face. For ladies in adulthood, there are a lot of tonal products with an anti-aging effect.

The texture of all products is completely different and a woman has the right to choose not only what suits her best, but also what she likes, what is comfortable when applied. When using BB cream, this choice is very limited.

BB cream is not suitable for those women who absolutely do not like to use foundation, but prefer powder. But experts say that in this case it is still worth trying a new remedy. BB cream is much lighter than foundation, so it goes on the skin in a much more even and at the same time transparent layer.

BB cream is not suitable for those women who have serious skin problems. For example, owners of skin with pimples, rashes, redness are better off using denser textures of concealers.

Despite many shortcomings, BB creams have many advantages. The most important thing is ease of use. It doesn't take long to get your skin in order. It is enough just to clean it, wipe it with tonic or lotion, and then apply BB cream on it. This product will moisturize the face, give it radiance and a light shade.

Of course, the tool will not help to hide significant flaws, but the product can even out the skin texture a little and give it a uniform shade. Most modern BB creams contain sparkling particles that visually even out the skin by reflecting light rays from it. It looks imperceptible and quite natural. Many women prefer BB creams for this effect, although many foundations also have this property.

BB creams are very easy to apply. They are very plastic and do not leave ugly streaks on the face. To make the cream even more even, you can slightly warm it between your palms before applying it to your face. The same advice can be given to those who prefer to impose a tone on the face with the help of fingers. The disadvantages of BB creams include a very limited selection of their shades.

Today, every woman can choose a foundation that will ideally match her skin in color and shade. In order to buy a suitable product, you need to come to a specialized store, where experienced consultants will help you make the right choice. Before buying a tone, you must definitely test it on your face. In almost every line of tonal products, you can find exactly what is most suitable for the color shade.

Unfortunately, the choice of BB creams is not so rich. Many manufacturers produce only a few shades of the product and believe that this is quite enough. Perhaps this is due to the fact that such products are more versatile and lie on the skin in a thinner layer.

In this case, there is no need for a particularly precise match between the shade of the cream and the skin. It is important to remember that you do not need to purchase a product that will be darker than the natural tone of the face. Such makeup will look sloppy.

BB creams have a very rich composition and many cosmetologists recommend using this remedy from time to time. For every day, it is still better to purchase a separate care product and a separate tone. BB cream is perfect for a young girl who does not have serious skin problems. In this case, this miracle remedy will effectively care for the face and at the same time give it a beautiful glow and shade.

The undoubted advantages of BB creams include the fact that they all contain quite effective sunscreens. For many ladies, this tool is ideal just in time for the hot season, when you need to protect your face from the sun, moisturize it and give it a light shade without overloading your makeup. A layer of foundation on the skin in the summer heat looks extremely ugly.

When choosing a particular cosmetic product, it is important to study its composition, pay attention to the production date and expiration date. Preference should be given only to high-quality products produced by well-known manufacturers of decorative cosmetics.

If the product caused an allergy when applied to the skin, you should immediately discard it and replace it with something more suitable. Even after choosing the perfect facial product, it is necessary to change it periodically so as not to overload the skin with the same active ingredients.

BB foundation is incredibly popular among women who want to look beautiful, but at the same time natural. Today, many of the fair sex prefer it to him.


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