Handwriting of the child to pay attention to. Handwriting Correction: Helpful Tips for Parents of Schoolchildren
When a first-grader learns to write, he learns to draw letters beautifully and correctly. However, not all children have calligraphic handwriting, which cannot but disturb parents. What to do in this case, how to change the situation? First of all, figure out if you are exaggerating the problem, and also exclude the presence of a disease that causes a disorder in the writing process. And after that, work on improving your child's handwriting. How exactly? Say "Easy Useful".
Is there a problem?
Younger students may sometimes write sloppy and illegible. You should not worry about this: gradually the handwriting should change. If you can easily read the words in a notebook, there are no serious mistakes - you should not torment the student.
Perfectionism is not always good. Constantly criticizing the child and trying to achieve perfect writing, you can have the opposite effect: he will have an aversion to writing. In addition, psychologists note that parents, forcing them to rewrite tasks many times, accustom the child to patterned behavior, and over time, he may lose the desire to take the initiative.
Another important point: handwriting is also associated with the psychological state of the child. If before that he wrote neatly and beautifully, and then his letters became illegible and crooked, it is possible that problems appeared in the student's life. For example, relationships in the family have changed, or he does not have relationships with peers. Strong pressure when writing may indicate increased anxiety. If pressure is added to this from parents who make sure that the child writes each letter as they see fit, the child may develop an inferiority complex. 
Another disturbing "bell" is the process of the letter "r". If a child writes a text that should be shown to a parent or peer, and the process of this letter is too short, this may be a sign that he is afraid of the person to whom the message is addressed. In this case, it is important to work on family relationships, to create an atmosphere of trust and mutual support.
What is dysgraphia and how to identify it
Some children have bad handwriting because they suffer from dysgraphia. In this case, the baby is not to blame, since mistakes in his words are the result of insufficient formation or decay of mental functions responsible for written speech. 
In this case, he needs the help of a speech therapist, a neurologist, physical activity gives good results. Let's talk about the characteristic symptoms of dysgraphia:
- the child constantly makes mistakes, even if he knows the rules of the Russian language well;
- he most often confuses the letters "sh" and "u", "v" and "d", "t" and "sh", "m" and "l", and instead of "b" he writes "p", instead of " d" - "t", instead of "g" - "k", instead of "w" - "g";
- he can skip individual letters, rearrange them, add extra letters, etc.;
- such children write very slowly;
- it is difficult for the reader to make out what they have written.
It is possible to say that a child has dysgraphia only when he masters the technique of writing, that is, not earlier than 8 or 8 and a half years. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the child must be taken to a speech therapist, and also prepared for serious work. With due diligence, there is every chance to overcome this misfortune. Today, manuals, workbooks, audio and video courses for dysgraphics are available. To cope with dysgraphia, not only specialists, but also the student himself and his parents will have to work hard. It is also important to enlist the support of the school teacher.
Reasons why handwriting deteriorates
So, you are sure that the problem is not far-fetched, and your child really writes badly, although he does not have psychological problems or dysgraphia. In this case, you need to figure out what is the reason for such poor handwriting, and act according to the situation.
Watch how the child sits
Look at how the letters are written: they have an incorrect slope, they “look” in different directions, the elements of the letters are non-parallel, in words the slope is one way or the other? If this is your case, then the child sits down for a couple as he likes. Teach your student how to sit at a desk at school or at home. 
Set an example for your child: if you yourself slouch when reading and writing, then the child will not take your comments seriously. Start working on yourself, and then the children will follow you. So, what is the correct fit:
- torso, head and shoulders - even;
- legs are bent, feet are on the floor or on a special stand;
- you can’t lie down on the desk - you can only lean on your hands;
- hands protrude over the edge.
Make sure that the student always sits correctly at the table, do not forget about it, and after 3 weeks he will begin to take the correct position himself.
Position your notebook correctly and hold a pen
It happens that the letters either “run away” up and are located above the line, or, conversely, down, they turn out to be different in height or width. 
If this is the problem, then you need to teach the child to correctly position the notebook:
- It should lie on the table at a slight slope of 10-15 °.
- When the child writes at the top of the sheet, he holds the bottom with his hand, and then gradually moves the notebook up.
- The slope should be to the right if the right-hander writes, and to the left for the left-hander.
Don't forget the covers. They not only help keep notebooks neat, but also prevent the notebook from slipping. Therefore, it is better to buy inexpensive plastic covers, since the more rigid ones, although they look better, do not cope with this function.
It is important to buy a comfortable pen and teach how to hold it.
What to look for when choosing a pen:
- It should be about 15 cm, too short or very long should not be bought.
- Do not give your child souvenir pens, tetrahedral: they are beautiful, but uncomfortable. The student will spend a lot of effort to keep it, and he needs to write, so buy only round pens.
- Thick handles are also not suitable: the diameter should not exceed 7 mm.
- Now they produce special pens for elementary school students: with an elastic band that prevents fingers from slipping, and with pimples that stimulate nerve endings.
- Buy non-staining pens so they don't smear the paste. It is easy to check this: in the store, make a few lines with a pen on paper, and then run your finger over them. There should be no ink left on the skin.
If you pick up a pen, teach your child how to hold it correctly. She lies on the 3rd finger, on the left she is held by the thumb, covers - forefinger. If desired, the index finger can be easily lifted - the handle should not fall. The distance from the fingers to the rod is 2 cm. Do not strongly clamp the handle, bending the index finger. 
If your child does not hold the pen correctly, you can buy him a special nozzle that will help him retrain.
Develop fine motor skills
If the child went to kindergarten, educators had to deal with him, including developing fine motor skills. You, as parents, should also find time for developmental activities with your son or daughter. 
But if it was not possible to pay due attention to this, then your child could come to school with poorly developed fine motor skills. Such a child does not have such mobile fingers and hands, and because of this it is difficult for him to write elements of letters that have roundings, curved lines are difficult for him. Study the child's notebook: if he can't write letters with curved elements, you need to work on fine motor skills. How to do it:
- draw as much as possible using various techniques;
- connect the dots to make a figure later;
- hatch;
- constantly sculpt;
- play with a mosaic or designer, with other small details.
Handwriting exercises
You have created all the conditions for your child to start writing beautifully: you watched how he sits, holds a pen, and placed a notebook. However, he had already developed an ugly handwriting. How to fix it? Do specific exercises. But don't overload your child. If he is in elementary school, it is enough to devote 15-20 minutes to classes, no more. It is necessary to select texts of 4-6 lines that are interesting for the child and rewrite them, trying to do it beautifully. 
Pay attention to which letters or elements the child turns out to be clumsy, and work more on them. You can start retraining with copybooks, teach the student to re-write various hooks and sticks, and then let him combine them into letters under your supervision.
There is another simple way that also helps to make handwriting more beautiful. It doesn't take long. Take a notebook in a box and ask the child to draw a circle without taking his hands off. And so - many times, until it works out (you can practice for 5 minutes a day). When he learns to draw one circle, add a second one, slightly shifting your hand to the right, but make sure that your circles do not go beyond the cage. You will get a figure similar to "smoke".
Only regular classes, the efforts of the student himself, his desire to write beautifully, will help to make the child's handwriting beautiful. It is important here not to go too far, not to force him to sit for hours at the prescriptions, otherwise you will achieve the opposite result. He should not only study, but also play, relax. It is also worth praising the little worker as often as possible. With this approach, you will not only cope with the problem, but also maintain friendly relations with your son or daughter.
Useful article. It is a pity that there were no such people 30 years ago when I was in school. I had almost all the shortcomings of the handwriting in the article. As a result, handwriting is the worst in the class, frequent twos for dictations, tests, essays, often "ones" slipped, plus comments from teachers and ridicule from classmates. In the fourth grade, I reached twos in the quarters in mathematics, English, Russian. Not knowing how and how to help, parents scolded, sat down for prescriptions, on the advice of the class teacher, they often began to give a belt for grades, clumsy handwriting, dirt, especially if in homework, although before that they had hardly beaten. In the fifth grade, there were more twos, the handwriting was worse, and on the advice of the class teacher, they decided to correct the handwriting again with a belt and copybooks, and I myself was ready to do anything, just to start writing normally, like everyone else, so as not to scold the teachers in front of everyone, not to laugh classmates. After another call to school and a strict conversation at home, I was seated for drafts and copybooks, and for every handwriting flaw, every week I was flogged to bruises until it disappeared, sometimes three or more times. Most of all got for "words and sentences" leave "up or down" and the tilt of the letters in different directions. Summer had to sit over copybooks and by the 6th grade he began to write better than many. Checking my notebooks, the teachers at first did not believe that I was writing this, especially the class teacher, who later told me more than once about the exceptionally beneficial effect of the belt on me. But in fact, thanks a lot to my aunt and cousin, especially, who, seeing my torment, took me to the village for the whole summer, where my sister patiently worked with me during short breaks in household chores. I helped her, and she almost taught me how to write letters and numbers anew, and when she went out on business, she put a wide and long leather belt on a chair, which I was afraid of like fire, and promised to flog me like a Sidorov goat if I didn’t study and try . By the end of the summer, work and patience did their job, the handwriting changed for the better beyond recognition, although my sister almost did not scold, and beat with a belt only twice all summer and so lightly that not a single bruise was left. A kind-hearted person, she wanted to show me, a loser, that she would not joke. At home, before that, once or even twice a week, a belt flew into bruises, it happened and he received a buckle, but still he wrote unimportantly and studied poorly. Special thanks to the new mathematics teacher, who came to us in the 6th grade, immediately understood the problems of both mine and people like me, began to study with us after school and patiently explained to us the material we had passed and not understood, and to parents about the dangers of a belt and beating in general for an excellent study. Everyone was ashamed, including me, who already considered himself bad, since he didn’t understand well, and parents, who, on the one hand, loved and doted on their souls, and on the other, were already desperate to teach me how to study, and therefore they regularly flogged me with a belt or a buckle , trying to force him to learn lessons and re-educate his son-loser at least into a three-year-old. For the rest of my life I remember the hand raised above me, the whistle of the belt and the burning, terrible, unbearable pain after each blow. Each time it was terribly painful and embarrassing in front of the neighbors, and at school - to go to physical education in bruises and stripes. The new teacher didn’t give twos either, she had only three grades - 5, 4 and 1, which could be corrected for 4 by learning the material. The parents never hit again and apologized many times for past spankings. How much suffering, pain, tears, fear and shame could be avoided if there were more good, conscientious, empathetic teachers and materials on how to help solve school problems!
Not so long ago, in addition to the Russian language, arithmetic, and reading, there was a subject in the elementary school curriculum that was called “handwriting”. In Stalin's time, calligraphy was a compulsory subject from first to third grade. The main teaching material for this lesson was copybooks. It was from them that children learned to write quickly and beautifully. Unfortunately, today this subject is not included in the compulsory curriculum. It's a pity! After all, beautiful and clear handwriting is still one of the steps leading to high intelligence. And it is not just words.
According to scientists, even, beautiful handwriting indicates a developed fine motor skills of the hands, a clear relationship between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and a connection between logical and figurative thinking. Child psychologists are doing their best to convince parents that the “clumsy” handwriting of a child is an occasion to think about his psychological state.
What can tell the parents of their child, we already wrote in a previous article. Today we will talk about how you can correct the handwriting of a child. We will bring to the attention of our readers several effective techniques that can not only teach a child to write beautifully, but also improve the coordination and rhythm of his movements, wake up the “sleeping” brain areas responsible for the mechanism of a very complex skill - writing.
Handwriting correction in children - an overview of techniques and exercises
Before we talk about existing effective methods for correcting handwriting, let's look at the most common errors in children's writing.
- Promiscuity . Most often, children write the following letters illegibly: i, p, k, sh. Often they incorrectly connect two vowels "A" and "O".
- Spatial disorientation on a sheet .
- Replacing one letter with another.
- Different letter sizes . Decrease or increase them at the end of the line.
- When writing uneven lines. They "go" up or down.
- Different height and slope of letters .
- Wrong pressure - too strong or, conversely, too weak.
For all of the above errors, their own methods of working out have been developed. But I would like to note that most often they are observed in the complex. However, their nature may be completely different. The main task of parents is to start the fight against these errors in a timely manner. The sooner the handwriting correction classes begin, the more successful the results will be.
The easiest exercises for children to correct handwriting
Recipe
Today, in the departments of school supplies, a variety of types of copybooks are on sale. These recipes allow the child to perform a number of simple actions: draw circles, trace squares, draw sticks. In turn, these actions help develop the child's fine motor skills of the hands, correct the landing when writing, and work out the correct position of the pen in the hand. Experts recommend purchasing several types of prescriptions at once.
Exercises for the development of fine motor skills
- Parents should together with the child collect all kinds of puzzles, mosaics, fold origami, make bracelets from small beads, embroider pictures. Tasks (as they are completed) need to be complicated. Among other things, these exercises will develop perseverance in the child, which, of course, will be useful to him at school.
- Drawing and hatching. Most children love to draw, so you don't have to force them. Parents should only guide the child and devote maximum time to shading the free areas of the drawing. Hatching should be uniform, without "bald spots" and spots.
- . This is an exercise to develop fine motor skills. For the same purpose, you can use lacing toys.
- Outline drawing. This exercise develops spatial imagination. Parents can ask the child not only to outline the outline of the drawing, but also to continue the pattern on their own.
Methodology of Olga Lysenko
Recently, a very useful book by Olga Lysenko "Calligraphy" appeared on sale - or how to teach a child to write beautifully, fluently and steadily. Olga Lysenko's course consists of:
- Video lessons. The lessons contain precise scripts and detailed instructions for writing letters and connecting them correctly.
- Handwriting for children's handwriting. A prescription for correcting handwriting in adults.
- Guidelines for parents and teachers.
Two basic principles of O. Lysenko's methodology.
- Gradual in the complication of the study of elements. The essence of the technique is based on the similarity of the elements when writing letters. The recipes are built in this case not in alphabetical order, but according to the similarity of writing elements of letters. Example: the child began to study the “hook” element, all the letters that include this element are presented in the recipe. Thus, fine motor skills are consolidated for writing this element.
- Action completion. Olga Lysenko suggests perfecting the spelling of the basic element and only then combining it into a system (letter).
O. Lysenko's course was highly appreciated by Russian teachers.
Simulator L. Tarasova to correct handwriting Tarasova's simulator is perfect for correcting and practicing writing skills at home. This simulator consists of three copybooks. Each entry is divided into topics. On a special ruler, children should circle the letters until the muscles of the hand remember the correct spelling of the letter.
How to help form beautiful handwriting in a child: tips
In order for a child to write beautifully with him, of course, you need to practice.
For the attention of parents, we want to offer a number of fairly simple exercises that will help children better master the skill of writing.
- Ask the child to put their hands on the table. On command, he must raise and lower each finger alternately, moving from one palm to another. This exercise is like playing the piano. Then the child should alternately raise the same fingers on both hands.
- Ask the child to hold the pencil between the middle and forefinger and, without bending the palm, draw any drawing.
- Lay out the pencils on the table and let the child collect them into a fist. However, warn him that he must do this with only one hand. This exercise can be repeated several times, changing hands.
- Unclenching and squeezing the fists, the child must rotate the hands.
- Have your child roll the tennis ball around the table without bending their hand.
All these exercises will allow the child to prepare for mastering the skill of writing.
Very often, the cause of ugly handwriting in a child is the wrong position of the body when writing.
Correct posture when writing:
- landing should be as straight as possible;
- the spine, shoulders and head should be in a straight position;
- the writer should lean with his back on the back of the chair;
- the legs should stand straight, the feet should be conveniently located on the floor or on a special stand;
- the child should not lean on the table with his chest;
- elbows protrude over the edge of the table.
Three weeks of classes and the correct fit when writing will become familiar to the child.
Incorrect position of the notebook on the table
In order for the child’s hand to move freely while writing, the notebook on the table should lie with a certain slope - ten to fifteen degrees.
Wrong notebook cover
The cover not only preserves the appearance of the notebook, but also allows it not to slide on the table while writing. The best option is the usual thin polyethylene covers. Trendy notebook hard covers slide across the table surface.
Writing pen
The handle should be neither too short nor too long. Primary school teachers recommend purchasing pens with an optimal length of 15 centimeters. Ribbed handles and flat tetrahedral ones are not suitable for children. These pens require additional effort from the child to hold them and make it difficult to master the skill of writing.
Many experts for children with insufficiently developed fine motor skills of hands advise to purchase the Finger Twister game. The rules of this game are very simple and children love to play it.
Writing is a rather difficult science for all kids. Therefore, during classes, a child (especially a small one) should not be overloaded. Elementary school teachers recommend that a written assignment should not take more than fifteen minutes to complete. Then you need to take a break. During the break, parents can play shadow theater with their child. For this game, it is enough to have a table lamp and a little imagination. This game is great for developing fine motor skills in children. In addition, the kids learn to differentiate and coordinate the movements of their hands.
Once again, we want to remind all parents that changing a child's handwriting for the better is a very real task. And along with the “new” handwriting, the child will gain self-confidence, new character traits and a new life. Recent studies by European experts have shown that at the beginning of the process of learning to write, the child undergoes enormous mental and physical stress. These loads are comparable to those experienced by astronauts during a rocket launch. What can we say, this science of calligraphy is not easy! And parents should make every effort to help the child as much as possible in its development.
About how handwriting is formed and why it can be so terrible, we talked with a professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Biol. PhD, Director of the Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education Mariana Bezrukikh.
First you need to understand: why do we teach children to write? In order for them to be able to display sticks and circles? Of course not. Calligraphy by itself has no meaning. We want the child to be able to competently and clearly express his thoughts in writing. According to international standards adopted back in the 50s, a person can be considered literate if he can write a brief history of his life in accordance with all the requirements for the modern native language, its style, spelling, grammar, and so on.
Literacy is needed not only for written speech, because one who cannot express his thought does not understand someone else's either. As the Unified State Examination showed, almost half of the graduates are not able to single out the main idea in a regular text. And this inability, of course, very seriously hinders the overall development.
But in order for a person to not only write, but also read what he wrote, in order to find his mistakes and correct them, the handwriting must be legible.
And for this you need to:
the letters were the same height and width;
straight lines were straight;
parallel lines remained parallel;
the ovals were regular.
If the child has mastered these rules and follows them when writing, then his handwriting will be even and readable. And this means that in the future the child will not think about how to write a hook or a circle, but about how best to express his thought. As for literacy, here the whole task comes down to what specialists call sound-letter analysis.
By the end of elementary school, the child should be able to freely translate phonemes (sounds) into graphemes (graphic representations of letters and syllables). And if in the first or second grade during the dictation, children write very slowly, because they constantly think about how to write down the audible word, then by the fifth grade this process should be automatic.
Learning errors
All teachers know that there are only one or two students in the class who will always write beautifully and competently, with any method. These are children with fine, perfect coordination of movements, with good visual-spatial perception. No more than 2% of such children come to school. Demanding the same results from everyone else is meaningless, and not necessary. Some believe that beautiful writing creates neatness. But isn't it easier to bring up this very accuracy with less effort?
Handwriting for the most part does not depend on the desire of the child. Rather, it is the result of learning errors:
Too early start
There is a rule - the sooner we start teaching a child to write, the worse his handwriting will be in the future. And if adults give a five-year-old a pen, he is not able to take it correctly, but will squeeze it in his fist. In this position, cursive (separate) writing is not possible. The maximum that he can write is semi-printed letters, written separately from each other. In addition, today children are brought to the first grade at the age of six, and even earlier. And few people know that every six months is extremely important - all the functions that are necessary for writing mature. A child at six years old is very different from a child at six and a half, and even more so at seven. This, by the way, partly explains the fact that children used to write better - they began to study at the age of seven or eight.
Teaching continuous (cursive) writing
The main problems with handwriting in children in our school are connected precisely with the fact that they are still often required to write without interruption, connecting all the letters together. This is one of the most inappropriate methods our school has ever had, and sheer stupidity. And, although now it is not required, many teachers work on it. Such a letter does not correspond to the capabilities of the child, the characteristics of his development. Moreover, teaching continuous writing slows down the formation of writing skills, that is, the child eventually learns much more slowly.
The fact is that continuity requires tracing along an already written line, but this is not available to a child of 6-10 years old. But we have children coming to the 1st grade, of whom about a third of them do not have fine motor skills. This is not their fault, but as a rule, a consequence of violations during pregnancy and childbirth, hyper- or hypotonicity of the muscles.
In addition, physiologists have found that the child writes without interruption while inhaling and does not exhale while he writes two or three letters. This creates a ragged rhythm of breathing, which is very harmful to health, and fatigue comes faster.
The intensity of the school program
Today's children are endlessly in a hurry, because that's how the program works. If earlier they were taught to write for the first three years, now two and a half months are allotted for the same thing! And after that, memorization of the rules, writing for speed and other minor things immediately begin. Therefore, when parents compare their handwriting with the handwriting of their children, they should take into account this rush and race in which today's schoolchildren are drawn. In the classroom, the pace of work is often so high that the child does not have time to think about what he wrote, to double-check the text. Hence - and low literacy, and illegibility, and a huge stress in which children are and which, in turn, affects handwriting.
Pen or computer?
Many adults are convinced that handwriting does not matter at all, because in the future everyone will write on computers. There is some truth in this, because most likely the pen will leave and first-graders will type their first words on computer keys.
But when we talk about mastering written language, everything is not so obvious here. The learning process will become even more difficult because typing is a slightly different kind of writing. This requires coordination of both hands. And all the stages of preparation for writing - attention, perception of sounds and their translation into letters - will still be needed. That is, in addition to the previous ones, new tasks will appear, such as mastering the keyboard. And by the way, we still have to decide whether to teach children to type with two fingers or ten, which is much harder ...
Writing is a very complex process, no matter how the child writes. And in order to properly master written speech, efforts are needed, and above all, caring parents and competent teachers. Without this, it makes no sense to demand a competent and understandable letter from the child.
Examples of handwriting and comments to them
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Katya, 11 years old Here you can see endless circles along already written lines - most likely the girl was taught to write without interruption. Either she corrects herself all the time, begins to write one thing and immediately catches herself and writes another. This indicates the unformed writing skills, because at this age the child should no longer think how to write, but should think about what thought he is expressing. In addition, there are many errors showing the difficulties of sound-letter analysis: she hardly translates sounds into letters. |
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Alyosha, 10 years old The handwriting is quite clear, stable, there are no corrections and circles. The motor side of the letter is formed, he does not think about what letter to write and does not correct it. But literacy is worse: in the word “hidden”, the child writes “hidden”, “drunk” instead of “winded”. |
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Misha, 10 years old This handwriting is quite common. Many people try to write small, small, because the smaller the letter, the shorter the line of writing and the faster they write. The reason for this is too much speed, which is required from the child. Moreover, apparently, the child has been writing for so long, from the second grade. Why is it bad? The fact that the words are unreadable due to the blindness and small size. The child hardly reads himself, and it is very difficult for him to check what he has written. Because of this, there can be any errors. |
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Nikita, 11 years old It is clear from the handwriting that the child is terribly tense. Even overstressed and on the verge of a nervous breakdown. Because of this, he has a very strong tremor, his hand trembles. |
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Dima, 12 years old There are almost all violations here: both unformed handwriting and a sharp decrease in working capacity. The first line is written even more or less clearly, and with each next line it becomes more and more difficult to understand. There are many amendments, and they most likely speak of both the child's hyperactivity and impaired attention and reduced performance. |
No. 1. An eight-year-old boy who has just learned to write. It is noticeable that the letters are written hastily and carelessly. Upon questioning, it turns out that this child learned to write on his own, thanks to the fact that the girl, his friend, learned before him, and he wanted to follow her example. Here hints of envy and competition are found, because otherwise he might not have wanted to study at all. His letters are very thin, they are given to him very easily, but he does not have the patience to focus his attention on them. The letters are slanted, and a desire to finish them as soon as possible can be seen in them. It is noticeable that the character of the boy is very impudent, he is a "rogue", in the words of his mother, one cannot say a word in his presence.
At the beginning of the letter, the letters are without a definite form, which indicates the above-mentioned character traits, but in the last lines there is already a hint of order, and as the end is approached, a desire to brag appears. The interweaving and fusion of individual words and their more or less pronounced accuracy indicate isolation and at the same time a love to ask questions. The general appearance of the handwriting indicates practicality and suggests a commercial inclination more than any other pursuit.
No. 2. Here is the type of girl mentioned in the first example, also eight years old. Her handwriting is in complete contrast to the boy's handwriting. It is smaller, uneven in places, some letters at the end of words lean strongly to the left, which indicates technique and art, as well as passion, which is expressed in love for dancing. The elongation, but at the same time the coherence of the letters, with a slight slope, indicate the ardor of temperament, nervousness, frequent impulses to cry. There is a love for various spectacles, musicality, but the girl must be restrained from an inclination to dance art, because she does not have sufficient physical strength for it. Evenness and subtlety appear in capital letters, their direction is changeable: kindness and cordiality are visible. The non-smearing of the letters shows that, in contrast to the boy, one can speak more freely with this girl: she does not understand everything and does not have a tendency to convey other people's words to others.
No. 3. Girl 8 years old. The letters are straight and bold, as if without outside help, go along the line; it reveals spoiledness, capriciousness, stubbornness. Letters, sometimes large, sometimes small, in places bold, indicate a passion for writing letters, a good memory. The simplicity and lack of decoration of letters reveal talent, art, and curiosity. No one has influence over this girl; this can be indicated by her signature "Nina", where independence, strong development of will and disobedience are visible. The stroke indicates that she is not satisfied with one stroke of the pen, but in the middle of the stroke she wants to continue and increase it; this indicates her desire to occupy more space, to know everything, absorb and be independent.
No. 4. Handwriting of a 10-year-old boy. Extraordinary passion to imitate, ability, consistency, love of art, learning, striving for order in everything, but the letters betray a lack of intelligence; these calligraphic, affected letters, separated in places, indicate thrift. Wedge-shaped and large, bold letters indicate a desire for invention. Playfulness is expressed, consciousness of one's abilities, inconstancy and sensitivity are also noticeable; but, in general, a kind, gentle mind, though not particularly developed.
No. 5. Girl 6 years old. Incoherent, but direct, drawn without difficulty, the letters indicate obedience, as if currying favor with everyone around. Nature is not free, this girl does not seem to be loved, and she feels it. The neatness of the letters indicates a desire to attract attention; this is especially expressed in the letters k, i, m, a. Obedience, gentleness.
No. 6. Girl 8 years old. The letters, although also even, but lean against each other; this indicates brilliant abilities and at the same time liveliness, evenness, friendliness without falsehood, gullibility. This character can be influenced; although he is stubborn, intemperate in desires and impatient, but his upbringing is even, normal, which is especially expressed in the letters b, e, k, about.
No. 7. Girl 7 years old. It is instructive how individuality is expressed in the word letter. Separation of sticks in a letter P and upper pressure indicate a desire to measure something - a sign of a passion for dancing. Although the letters are copied, they are uneven and rely on each other, which indicates whims, pride, stubbornness, but diligence. Characterized by the purity of the letter. Softness works well for this child, but not flattery.
No. 8. Girl 8 years old. Smooth, with pressure, as if copied, rounded letters indicate a passion for drawing; subtle strokes betray playfulness, gaiety, cheerfulness, the desire to find out everything without bothering with questions; this is characterized by the slope of the letters to the left, especially x, to, h. Nature will be independent.
No. 9. Girl 9 years old. This handwriting, with its tilt to the left and long letters, indicates restraint, isolation, selfishness, cunning; the connection between the letters is not the same, which indicates stubbornness, the habit of doing what she wants, but talent; the same sign of the ability to draw, as in the handwriting of one of the girls of 8 years old.
No. 10. Girl 9 years old. Nature is wayward, very capricious, with bad habits. The letters are uneven, one can see the desire to make them not at the direction, but of their own free will, such as, about- with top pressure, l- with a sharp end. It is immediately clear that the basis of education is not good and the character is already difficult to break. Phlegm is noticeable, at times unwillingness to obey anyone, great cunning, love to listen to conversations.
No. 11. Girl 7 years old. Amazing diligence, noticed especially in the transfer of the word old woman. Raised strokes in a letter X indicate talent: the girl already draws, sculpts with great passion, but she is disobedient, stubborn, wayward, touchy, proud, which is especially expressed in the straightforwardness and harmony of the letters.
No. 12. Girl 10 years old. Although the letters are thin, they seem to be unnatural, dead and painstakingly drawn. Little personality. Desire to learn, but no special abilities. Nature is simple, cordial; letters with decorated curls indicate, as it were, imitation without investing anything of their own, as, for example, in girls of 8-9 years old, but simplicity, a quiet, obedient disposition, and calmness are expressed.
No. 13. Girl 11 years old. The letters are thin, beautifully elongated, sometimes open, indicating that she is talkative, likes to exaggerate, a talker. The ability is great, but does not want to engage; most of all busy with herself, coquettish, smart.
No. 14. Girl 12 years old. These curved, simple, but miniature letters indicate an extraordinary ability to inspire others with love for oneself, kindness, simplicity, ability, quick wit, unwillingness to offend anyone, evenness, friendliness, love for everything beautiful. This is especially expressed in raised by half the ruler f, w, v.
№ 15. Girl 13 years old. Flattened, small, but the same size letters indicate cheerfulness, evenness, diligence, liveliness, love of order and drawing. This is expressed both in the evenness of the letters and in the subtlety of the strokes, and is especially noticeable in the inner stroke i, in the letterd and small to; there is a lot of individuality here.
№ 16. Girl 14 years old. Clear, distinct, like handwriting, indicates artistry, gaiety, playfulness and rich imagination. Raised lines and straight letters indicate a love of knowledge, a desire to learn, despite being spoiled, as well as perseverance and stubbornness; the firmness of the letters and the uniform roundness among them indicate obedience and the good influence of education.
№ 17. A 15-year-old girl Thin, pale, oblique rows of letters indicate apathy, phlegm; elongated letters, but without grace, indicate mediocrity, lack of ability, learning with great difficulty, whims, cunning; compressed and coherent letters indicate lack of frankness, unwillingness to share one's thoughts with anyone. Some defects may occur.
№ 18. Female handwriting at 16 years old. Although the letters have already taken shape, but their elevation above the line, the unevenness and indecision of their connections indicate underdevelopment, stupidity, stupidity, phlegm. Here, upbringing left a separate imprint, and an oversight of development in childhood is noticeable; there seems to be a desire to acquire knowledge and revive, but nature is too passive, malleable.
№ 19. Female handwriting at 17 years old. Although round, beautiful, even, with thin strokes, the letters indicate taste, proportional abilities, but the imagination is highly developed. Small pressures, but clarity of words, indicate lack of frankness, strangeness, whims, sensitivity; noticeable love to listen to everything, instinctive sensations, excitement, courage.
№ 20 Boy, 8 years old. The handwriting is firm, bayonet-shaped, without an inclination indicates a love for work and household, as well as for real occupations, such as the profession of an engineer. The evenness of the letters, although they are broken in places, indicates a quiet, calm disposition, religiosity, simplicity, and low sensitivity. This character will be even, firm, resolute.
№ 21. Boy 11.5 years old. He is a big dreamer, expansive; a thin shell of letters that are round and convex indicates a passion to show oneself, diplomacy, great pride, whims, selfishness, but firmness of character. The connectedness, elation and directness of the letters indicate arrogance, courage, nervousness and sensitivity. It will be a secular diplomat with subtle aristocratic nuances. Letters with bold, wrapped strokes above them, such as d, indicate linguistic ability.
№ 22. Boy 13 years old. Sweeping, wide letters indicate liveliness, sharpness, ability, but lack of diligence, playfulness. Wrapped strokes and a desire to decorate letters indicate a lack of talent; this child is stubborn, capricious; letters with pressure indicate riot, anxiety, laziness.
