Fathers and children are all arguments. "Fathers and Sons" essay arguments

Text from the exam

(1) An interesting letter came to the editorial office of the magazine. (2) The author, a seventy-two-year-old Muscovite, writes: “When I look at my fourteen-year-old grandson, it sometimes seems to me that he is some kind of alien - he does not look like his mother, like me, like his grandmother. (Z) No, he’s actually a good guy, it’s a sin to complain: he studies decently, helps his mother - my daughter - with the housework, and even in his rude address to me “grandfather”, I sometimes feel affection ... (4) But his clothes , this sweater with dangling sleeves, jeans with holes on the knees, two earrings in one ear, his speech with all these "outfits" and "jokes", his views and the fact that all my thoughts and judgments make him laugh - everything this makes him a real alien in our family ... (5) Looking at my grandson and his friends, passing by the noisy companies of teenagers, I cannot get rid of the question: where did they come from, these strange, self-confident and ignorant youths? (6) Who made them like that? (7) There is no need to argue with the author of the letter. (8) What he writes about is probably familiar to most readers who have grandchildren. (9) The only thing that cannot be unconditionally agreed with is the question "Who made them like that?". (10) We are so accustomed to looking for the guilty in everything that a calm look at things, an attempt to find an objective explanation are given to us, unfortunately, with difficulty. (11) Of course, it is much easier to say that television, American films, schools, the market economy, the government are to blame for everything, than to try to understand the reason for such a frighteningly widening gap between fathers and children, not to mention grandchildren. (12) And this abyss, by the way, has always been. (13) About this one hundred and forty years ago, I.S. Turgenev wrote his famous novel Fathers and Sons. (14) Why Turgenev! (15) In one of the ancient Egyptian papyri, the author complains that children have ceased to respect their fathers, their religion and customs, and that the world is truly collapsing. (16) Another thing is that in former times changes in human society took place immeasurably slower than now. (17) Studied the impact of the accelerated course of history in the second half of the 20th century, psychologists even introduced the term "future shock". (18) This is a feeling of confusion, helplessness, disorientation that covers people when their psyche stops keeping up with too rapid changes in society, in technology, in mores and customs. (19) What can we say about us when in one decade - an elusive moment by the standards of history - we experienced a series of upheavals: the economic formation of the political system changed, the familiar country disappeared. (20) This is not just a shock of the future, this is a super shock. (21) Do you just have to be mentally surprised? resilience that enabled people to endure such a historic tsunami. (22) So is it worth looking for those responsible for the fact that children and grandchildren are not like us? (23) They just live in a different time, in a different era. (24) And who is better, us or them, is a question that will never have a definite answer. (25) If they are aliens for some of us, then we are, at best, strange old people for them who do not understand anything in modern life and are afraid of everything. (26) What to do in order to somehow narrow the ditch that separates us. (27) First of all, you need to be patient and learn to respect the views and customs of each other, no matter how alien they may seem to us. (28) And this, of course, is difficult, but necessary.

(According to E. Korenevskaya)

Introduction

For many centuries, creative people have been concerned about the problem of intergenerational relationships. This topic is devoted to many literary works, films and theatrical productions. Yes, and in real life it is difficult to find a person who has never encountered misunderstanding or disapproval of elders.

Problem

E. Kereneevskaya raises the problem of "fathers" and "children", reflecting on the letter of a seventy-year-old man, outraged by the dissimilarity of his teenage grandson.

Comment

In the letter of an elderly man, the question clearly sounds: why is the younger generation so different from the older one? He expresses concern about the appearance of the fourteen-year-old grandson, his speech, full of youth slang. The grandfather has no other claims - the boy shows himself well in school and helps his mother with the housework.

At the end of the letter there is a request to find the answer to the question: “Who made them like that?”. Perhaps television, foreign films, modern education, government policy are to blame. But after all, people thought about this problem in the old days, especially on the threshold of the greatest changes in society.

Author's position

E. Kereneevskaya is convinced that for reconciliation, "fathers" and "children" should be more tolerant of each other, show respect for the interests of loved ones. Then it will be possible to establish productive communication.

own position

One cannot but agree with the author. If we were more tolerant of the conservatism of the elders, and they were not so amazed at all the "strangeness" of the youth, life would become easier for many. After all, we are not so different.

Argument #1

I.S. writes about this. Turgenev, the greatest Russian classic of the 19th century, in his novel Fathers and Sons. The author considers the clash of two generations, two opposite worlds in their views - the world of noblemen-aristocrats, liberals Kirsanovs and the world of revolutionaries-raznochintsy Arkady Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov.

From the very beginning of the novel, the conflict between "fathers" and "children" gradually grows, reaching a climax in the scene of the duel between Pavel Petrovich and the nihilist Bazarov. But already in the second half of the work, we see how the rules of the parents become close to Arkady, how Eugene accepts much of what he previously denied.

As a result, Arkady becomes an exemplary family man, lives amicably with both his father and his uncle. And Bazarov, alien to simple human happiness, dies alone. Perhaps less adherence to the ideas of nihilism would have allowed Evgeny to better understand the old Kirsanovs and his own parents. Maybe his life would have been less tragic.

Argument #2

I recall another work where the problem of rejection of generations by each other led to the death of the main character. This is the play "Thunderstorm" by A.N. Ostrovsky.

Kabanova, the mother of a large family, a very domineering and demanding woman, forced her children and their families to live according to the rules that the house builder suggested to her. She did not allow the slightest deviation from the scenario that had developed in her head, humiliated and insulted all her household members in order to keep them in constant fear.

Unable to withstand such an oppressive atmosphere, Katerina, accustomed to an open display of feelings and dreaming of freedom with all her heart, first cheats on her husband, and then completely rushes into the Volga, committing suicide. Tikhon, having learned about her death, blames his mother for what happened.

The disunity of the heroes, which led to the tragedy, is caused by the inability of people to put up with the weaknesses of others, with the peculiarities of their worldview. If merchant Kabanova had been a little smarter, she would not have been left alone in her old age, but would have found a large and friendly family.

Conclusion

Misunderstanding between parents and children is a pattern dictated by the passage of time. To avoid unnecessary trouble, we need to be more sensitive to each other, try to understand and respect the interests and values ​​of everyone, no matter how strange they may seem to us.

One of the most popular problems in texts for preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language is the conflict of generations. It is to this question that these arguments from literary works are devoted. We hope that they will help you in writing a quality essay.

1. DI. Fonvizin. The play "Undergrowth". The main character Mitrofan (whose name is interpreted as close to his mother or the son of his mother) seems to us a negative character, like his whole family. His mother is a tyrant lady who does not give passage to either the servants or her own husband, who is literally absorbed by her. Sophia, an orphan living with this family, and her uncle Starodum represent the goodies. About this family, or rather about Mitrofan, the uncle says: "Here are worthy fruits of evil-mindedness." In this phrase, you can fit the leitmotif of the work, the problem of fathers and children is revealed from the side of that strong and pernicious influence of a vicious parent on a child. Hypertrophied and excessive guardianship spoils a teenager. He grows up in a family where his mother strokes his head with one hand and beats the servant with the other. And we see the denouement, if Mitrofan's mother loves, then the son does not reciprocate and simply abandons her at the end of the play.
2. A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit". Fathers and children are not only family ties, but also different periods of life, different mindsets. We observe them in the work of Griboedov. The current century and the past century collide when Chatsky comes to the places where he spent his childhood. The trip showed him a different life, but someone, as he was limited in his judgments, remained. This is a conflict between the advanced and innovative ideas of Alexander Andreevich, against the old, conservative nobility, who sat in their places. Chatsky calls them sycophants and worshipers of rank. But the author himself gives us a clue to his resolution, if Chatsky is alone on the stage, then outside of it there are his like-minded people, like a relative of the puffer, who "suddenly left the service" when he was "followed by the rank." Children will still change their fathers, but having completely lost touch with the past, they will hardly be able to establish a dialogue with the future themselves when it is their turn to give way to the young.
3. A.S. Pushkin. The novel The Captain's Daughter. Petrusha Grinev at the very beginning of the work is not very sympathetic to us. His behavior and childish pranks at the age of 17 force his father to send his son to the service, which should settle him down. When he arrives at the Belgorod fortress, where Masha lives with her family, she becomes one of the main reasons for the change in our hero. However, the hero initially had a strong moral foundation, laid down by the parent: "Take care of honor from an early age." If at the very beginning we see a young man as “undersized” and still a child, then the trials that he overcame in the name of love and his honor turn him into a real man. Now he is able to stand up not only for himself, but also for his love. If the boy's father denied the right to marry, but the veteran of the battles could not interfere. The conflict between father and son at the end of the work finds its logical conclusion, after the blessing of the parents, no longer Petrusha, but Peter Grinev for the wedding with Masha.
4. M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri". The conflict of generations falls on spiritual rebellion. Little Mtsyri, forced and deprived of his home, feels that he is unable to live a life day after day that is not sweet to him. By his escape, he shows not only his fortitude, but also protest and unwillingness to put up with his fate. His courage inspires us. The role of the “father” here is played by the regime, the bondage in which the hero finds himself, the framework and restrictions that Mtsyri breaks only posthumously. It is also a protest of the younger generation against the war unleashed by the fathers and tearing Mtsyri away from home, homeland and family.
5. N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls". Chichikov carried the advice to “save a penny” from childhood through his whole life. The fear of being left without money or without the protection of people with money has turned into a mania. But poverty is not a vice. Vice is lies, hypocrisy and deceit, they become the keys that open the door to wealth. At school, Chichikov understood how people love helpfulness, how important it is to earn trust in order to attack at the most unexpected moment. Chichikov is a "Christ-seller", it was not for nothing that his comrade called him exactly this word. He will sell everything, just set a price. The pernicious paternal influence and poverty made our hero exactly the way we see him in Dead Souls. This implicit conflict helps to understand why and how Chichikov became such a person. All this time, he sought to prove to his father that he surpassed him and embodied his ambitions in himself.
6. A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "Thunderstorm". Ostrovsky's play is just as much an example of a conflict, somewhat familial as conflict of generations. Katerina is a dreamy and open girl, incapable of pretense and rudeness. But Kabanova and her children lived and grew up in different conditions, the mistress of the family was used to taking everything into her own hands, beating the servants, deciding everything for the children. Her caress, like Tikhon's caress for Katerina, is "worse than beatings." It is not love that reigns in this family, but "cruel morals," as Kuligin puts it. And these cruel morals cannot stop tormenting Katerina. Marfa Ignatievna is accustomed to living by her own rules, which she easily changes if necessary, and “to eat at home”. Her daughter-in-law cannot stand such tension, and decides that there is no point in fighting. However, after her death, the younger generation raises a revolt against the despotism of the "fathers" and openly shows disobedience. Hushing up a conflict always leads to a thunderstorm that sweeps away the dust of centuries and clears the atmosphere for a new time.
7. I.A. Goncharov. Roman Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich did not rebel against his ancestors, but exactly repeated their fate, although time and circumstances did not favor this. We get an excellent picture of the protagonist's family from one of the dreams. The village of Oblomovka is an ideal and quiet place where Ilya Ilyich grew up, he was shoed, dressed and fed by countless servants. Care and love were felt in everything. And what does a person do if everything is fine with him? In most cases, he does nothing, he does not really want to strive and do something. This laziness, which appeared due to improper upbringing, left a huge imprint on Oblomov's whole life. This is how the family influenced the fate of our hero. The generation of "fathers" doomed "children" to an idle and meaningless vegetative existence in a world full of beauty.
8. S. Yesenin "Letter to mother". The lyrics also raise issues of generations. Before us is a simple young man who reassures his mother. He asks her not to worry about his life, maybe riotous and drunken, but still an adult life. And we know perfectly well what mom will worry about, and we know that Yesenin will live as he lived. This is an age-old and therefore always relevant conversation between a mother and a child who do not talk to each other, but to themselves. They are different, but still contradictions should not interfere with the natural family ties that unite an illiterate peasant woman and her city son, who became one of the most famous poets of his time.
9. M. Tsvetaeva, "Grandmother". The lyrical monologue of Marina Tsvetaeva differs from Yeseninsky. Marina never knew her grandmother, and her poem, like many others, is questions and cries into the void. These are emotions that appear when you start to be interested in your family and your history. This is a conversation that will never take place, because the grandmother died, and the questions from this do not become less. Marina Tsvetaeva tries to guess what her grandmother was like, compares her with herself, looks at how she looked. In his poem, the author shows not a conflict, but a riddle that close people leave us after death.
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The most important thing in preparing for the final essay is the formation of a personal bank of arguments that will help to reveal even the most difficult topic. In this case, the Literaguru team, which has been creating literary examples for more than a year, will help you. To supplement our selection, write in the comments which piece to add, and we will definitely write the appropriate argument especially for you.

1. In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the characters are on opposite sides of the barricades, because they are representatives of different generations. Their conflict occurs, it would seem, out of the blue, but under it lie serious reasons that have made themselves felt for more than one century. Every time, every century, fathers and children quarrel and do not find a common language. So it is in the book: Evgeny and Pavel Petrovich disliked each other at first sight. The owner of the house did not even give a hand, and the guest rudely and mockingly brought his charter into a strange monastery. The aristocrat saw an ill-mannered and arrogant upstart in the raznochinets, and the scientist and physician considered the idle gentleman a worthless and empty person. And all because times are changing, and fathers cannot adapt to changes, and children do not want to learn from their experience because of self-confidence. Pavel Petrovich could teach Yevgeny Vasilyevich a lot, namely tact, restraint and manners. And Bazarov could introduce the old people into a new world of transformations. But both generations cannot understand and hear each other, and the reason for this conflict is the uncompromising and categorical nature of fathers and children.
2. In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, some reasons are revealed that explain the reluctance of many children to learn from the experience of their elders. From Anna's personal history, we learn that their father went bankrupt from senseless and excessive revelry. As a result, the man left the children to their fate, because women at that time could not work, and without capital as a dowry, they could not get married. He ruined their future with his irresponsibility. Because of him, Odintsova actually sold herself, becoming the wife of an unloved person. She did this to provide for her younger sister. Of course, after this, children's trust in their fathers is greatly weakened, and they no longer want to learn anything from them. Thus, the older generation sometimes discredits itself before its descendants, so they break the historical ties between the past and the future.

N. V. Gogol, Dead Souls

• N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" tells about the childhood of the protagonist. His father radically influenced his worldview. Little Pavlusha learned from him the strictest economy, and also learned from an early age the importance of money. He remembered the covenant "Take care of a penny" for the rest of his life. The man also taught his son to please the bosses, to be friends only with the rich, and more than anything in the world to appreciate the “penny”, because she alone will not sell or deceive. Wanting, apparently, to please his father, the boy began to engage in entrepreneurship at school, and there he acquired unscrupulousness, which allowed him to move on to serious frauds in the future. So, the wrong upbringing led to a deplorable result: Chichikov turned into a swindler and a swindler who never found truly close people.
• N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" tells the tragedy of the Plyushkin family. After the death of his kind and hospitable wife, the head of the family began to go crazy. From a thrifty and industrious owner, he began to turn into a hard-hearted miser. His suspicion and greed began to reflect on the children. The eldest daughter ran away from home, and her father cursed her, but then forgave her when she brought him grandchildren. At the same time, he flatly refused to help her and her children, although his storerooms were bursting with supplies. The fate of the son was even more tragic. When he asked for money for a uniform, having settled in the army, the old man angrily sent him a curse. The young man got into gambling debts, but even then the father did not even think about helping his son out, although the young man was threatened with dishonor. The youngest daughter of the landowner died, remaining with him in the house. It is not surprising that Plyushkin vegetated alone, because he himself dispersed all his children, and even starved half of the servants. Thus, parents do not always lose the support of their children due to the selfishness of the younger generation. Sometimes they themselves become the culprits of their misfortune.

• Ingratitude to parents is always a tragedy, both for fathers and children, just not everyone is aware of its detrimental effect on a person’s fate in time. Such an example was described by A. S. Pushkin in the book “The Stationmaster”. Dunya lived happily with her father and ran their modest household until another guest came to them. It was captain Minsky, who was immediately struck by the beauty of the heroine. She was a blue-eyed blonde with a flirtatious manner and a lovely face. The man suddenly fell ill and stayed with the caretaker in the house for several days, while Samson's daughter innocently looked after him. The father did not suspect anything and let his daughter go to church, where the captain drove her after her recovery. However, the girl never returned home. She went to the capital to seek a better life, becoming the mistress of an officer. Of course, Vyrin begged for a vacation in order to find the girl and take her back. However, there he was met with a cold welcome. Minsky did not want to give Dunya away, and she fainted at the sight of her father. Samson was thrown out the door. Having lost hope, he drank himself and soon died of anguish. A few years later, Mrs. Minsky sobbed at his grave. She realized late how unfair she had been to her loving father.
• A. S. Pushkin in the book "The Stationmaster" described an example from which we can conclude that proper education is the most important science that every parent must master. Samson Vyrin spoiled his daughter very much, he always trusted her, although she was flirtatious and immodest for her young years. She freely communicated with the guests, the narrator even allowed a kiss. Therefore, the reader was not surprised by the fact that she left with the captain without warning her father. It’s all the fault of the wrong upbringing, because Vyrin did not control the conversations of the guest and Dunya in any way, did not talk to her about the dangers of men who offer chaste girls an escape from their father’s house. Naturally, the girl could not resist the eloquent promises of a luxurious life, because she was inexperienced and too young. If the father had devoted more time to her upbringing, if he had controlled his daughter more, then perhaps the tragedy would not have happened. Therefore, it is very important not only to take care of children, but also to form their sense of responsibility, conscience and integrity.

A. S. Pushkin, "Dubrovsky"

• A. S. Pushkin in the book "Dubrovsky" described the conflict between fathers and children, which ended tragically for both sides. Troekurov decided to profitably marry his daughter to the rich Vereisky, who also lived nearby. However, he was not embarrassed by the fact that this marriage was unequal: Masha was a young girl, and her fiancé was an old man. Of course, the heroine threw herself at her father's feet with a plea to save her from the hated burden. She fell in love with Dubrovsky and wanted to become his wife. But Kirilla Petrovich was not one of the sentimental fathers and simply locked his daughter at home in anticipation of the wedding. Then Masha sent a letter to Vereisky with a request to cancel the engagement, but this only accelerated the preparations for the wedding of the couple. Vladimir did not know about the postponement of the date and arrived late, the heroine was already married and refused to go with him. So, the father doomed his own daughter to a life full of grief in the arms of an unloved person. It is unlikely that she will ever forgive him, family relations are forever ruined. This is what the confrontation between generations leads to if it is not stopped in time.
• A. S. Pushkin in the book "Dubrovsky" gave an example of how a father and son can understand each other well if they are both honest and noble people. Vladimir loved his parent and at his first call came to Kistenevka. Both heroes are very similar: proud, courageous and principled. The elder Dubrovsky could not bear the insult and died, but with dignity he defended his independence from his wealthy neighbor. He alone did not play nice with the almighty Troekurov, but kept himself on an equal footing with him, as if there was no difference between them. Vladimir grew up the same way. He did not try to ask the enemy to retreat, he did not ask and did not beg, although these lands were his only property. The hero drove Troekurov away, and then burned down his own house, which was appropriated by a neighbor. Without a doubt, his further actions would be fully justified by his father, he would be proud of his boy. Therefore, I do not agree that fathers and children must necessarily be at enmity or not find a common language. This is not an eternal conflict of everyone with everyone, but special cases that are easy to fix if you want.

I. A. Goncharov, "Oblomov"

• Fathers largely determine the fate of their children, because they are responsible for the upbringing that shapes the worldview of their offspring. A good example was described by I. A. Goncharov in the novel Oblomov. The protagonist became a lazy and idle person with no prospects, because his family pushed him to this from childhood. In Oblomovka, none of the owners really did anything. In the morning everyone ate, then drank tea, then slept and ate again, and until the evening you can lie down until the food is served again. Such an existence lulled the initially active and inquisitive boy. He just couldn't act any different when he moved to the city. The habit of a well-fed and idle quagmire of days remained in Oblomov's mind the ideal that he was looking for in everything and found in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna. His fate was predetermined by his parents, who spoiled and spoiled the child from the very beginning.
• The future of children largely depends on the past of the fathers, who invested in their descendants what they wanted. For example, I. A. Goncharov described in the novel Oblomov an example of the correct upbringing of the younger generation. Stolz Sr. did not spoil his son, but he took care of his education. At home, he received all the skills and abilities necessary for life. In his youth, Andrei went to conquer a big city without money and his father's patronage. The old man wisely reasoned that the young man should make his own way. This harsh science disciplined and motivated the hero. He became a successful self-made entrepreneur. He developed useful qualities: the ability to save and negotiate, courtesy and prudence, efficiency and hard work. Unlike his friend Oblomov, Stolz realized his potential and moved forward. It is obvious that the right upbringing can make the future of the child cloudless.

A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit"

• Unfortunately, the bad influence of fathers has a detrimental effect on children. In the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov, Famusov himself professes false values ​​and imposes them on his daughter. In his opinion, her fiancé can be a nonentity, but only rich and promising. Also, he is not embarrassed that his son-in-law will grovel and be hypocritical, just to get a rank. And her father is against education, so Sophia was content only with reading novels. Naturally, such a prioritization in the upbringing of the girl played an important role in the formation of her bad inclinations. She calmly deceives her father, meeting with Molchalin, shamelessly lies to the guests, accusing Chatsky of insanity. The heroine does not see anything wrong with lies, because her father also does not condemn hypocrisy. He welcomes everything that leads a person to success, and his daughter learned a lesson: you can achieve your goal by any means. This is how the sins of the fathers are passed on to the children.
• Of course, mature people are experienced and authoritative, but not always right. We can find proof in the play by A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The generation of fathers stands up for conservatism and wins over to their side the youth, who do not argue, but adjust to the old people in order to get a high rank. For example, Famusov does not recognize the need for education and advocates the preservation of serfdom. He approves of vices: hypocrisy, careerism, cruelty for fun. The master does not even consider his red tape for the maid to be shameful. He himself worries only about public opinion, so in the finale he exclaims: “Oh my God, what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!”. The scandal itself is nothing, the main thing is what important people think of you. Such a worldview can in no way be called correct, because it retains all the shortcomings of antiquity and does not accept positive updates.

A. N. Ostrovsky, "Thunderstorm"

• In the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", the conflict of generations takes on a frightening scale. Kabanikha and Dikoy bring the youth to extremes: Katerina passes away, Varya runs away from home, Tikhon accuses his mother of a crime, and Boris refuses love, fearing to be left without security. These terrible consequences of the conflict between fathers and children actually deprived Kalinov of a bright future, because there is simply no one to do it. In an unequal struggle, what is doomed to a quick death has won, and there is no one else to protect new values ​​and guidelines. The older generation, with their despotism and conservatism, doomed the city to stagnation. Therefore, we observe in Kalinov the dominance of ignorance, social stratification and hypocritical mores of the Middle Ages. Obviously, the "fathers" are far from always right, because over time their value system becomes outdated and needs to be updated, which only a new generation can bring.
• Why don't fathers and children get along? The fact is that they developed in different conditions, so they are not destined to fully understand each other. For example, in A. N. Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm", the younger generation differs significantly from the older one. If Kabanikha and Dikoy grew up in a sanctimonious atmosphere of patriarchal merchant class, then young people are growing up in a world where there is an alternative to Domostroy. In front of them, Kuligin debunks the ignorant stereotypes of wanderers, and Katerina, who received a noble upbringing, delivers lofty speeches about freedom. Naturally, Varvara and Tikhon behave differently in such an environment than their ancestors. On the threshold of a new time, when a man will not trample on the rights of a woman, when people will understand that Elijah the prophet does not ride through the heavens. But the fathers are not ready to give up power just like that. They defend their rightness, afraid to admit defeat. They cherish what they believe in. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. Neither side will be able to understand the other, because between them lay the abyss of time.

F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment"

Children suffer the most from the mistakes of fathers. For example, Sonya Marmeladova in Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is forced to sacrifice herself in order to feed her family. Her father married a widow of many children to help her provide for the children, while she got drunk and lost her job. Naturally, the Marmeladovs were terribly hungry, every penny went to the tavern. Unable to bear the reproaches and tantrums of her stepmother, the heroine went to the panel. Only her shameful craft brought the money necessary for life. Meanwhile, the father did not repent of the evil he had done. He continued to drink and felt sorry only for himself, telling people in the tavern about his unfortunate fate. Part of the money obtained at the cost of shame went to encourage the alcoholism of the father of the family. Thus, it is the sins of the fathers that place a heavy burden on the fragile shoulders of children, and it is incredibly difficult for them to start their life journey by correcting other people's mistakes.

Not all children are like their parents, there are exceptions to the rule. For example, Sonya Marmeladova from Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" differs significantly from her miserable father. While Marmeladov Sr. pities only himself and only cares about satisfying his pernicious passion for alcoholic beverages, his daughter, at the cost of unimaginable sacrifices, saves the family from starvation, and feeds a strange woman for her and other people's children. At the same time, she does not rant about how hard it is for her to live in taverns and taverns. The girl, in her occupation, manages not to sink into the pool of vice. She kept her soul pure no matter what. But her father broke down under the onslaught of life's difficulties. Thus, children are not always copies of their parents. The new generation can correct the mistakes of the old and become much better.

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Literary examples to the direction of the IP "Fathers and Sons".

"Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh"

The theme of fathers and children originates from the time of Kievan Rus. One of such works is "Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh". Thanks to this work, we can learn about the upbringing of children in Russia in those distant times when relations between people were regulated by the norms of Christian morality. “Respect the old like a father, and the young like brothers,” says Vladimir Monomakh. The wise prince calls to put aside insults and humble pride, to show mutual respect and love.

D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"

The theme of fathers and children is one of the main ones in Fonvizin's comedy. To reveal this topic, it is worth referring to the meaning of the name "Mitorofan", which means "like a mother." Similarities can be seen in everything, for example, in relation to study. Prostakova is pleased with the teachers who do not captivate her son, in her understanding, the nobleman does not need any education at all. The main thing, according to her, is to make the right impression on people. Mother and son are similar in their attitude towards people: to dependent people - rudeness and despotism, to superiors - flattery and sycophancy. Mitrofan feels pity for his father, but fear of his mother does not allow him to admit it. He does not respect his father, does not consider him. What to say about other people! Mitrofan calls teachers names, threatens them, pushes around his nanny. A mother who has lost power is also not honored with words of support and regret. The conflict between parents and children in comedy is the result of bad upbringing, moral deformity of a person.

A.S. Pushkin "Young lady-peasant"

Deep love and respect bind fathers and children in the works of A.S. Pushkin. Young heroes can be self-willed and rebellious, but this is never easy for them. For example, in the story "The Young Lady-Peasant Woman" Alexei Berestov wants to enter the military service, but his father is categorically against this. However, the conflict does not escalate, because Alexei does not want to upset his father and decides to wait for the time being, hoping that his father will change his mind after some time. Lisa Berestova grows up as a spoiled child, often plays pranks, but this only touches and delights her father. This continues until the moment when parents and children face a fundamental choice regarding love and happiness. The fathers, Berestov and Muromsky, decided to marry the children. Alexei, not yet knowing that Liza is Akulina dear to his heart, resolutely refused to fulfill his father's will. The conflict turned out to be fundamental and ended with the father's threat to deprive his son of his inheritance. Alexey is ready for anything, just to marry his Akulina, so he hurries to the Muromskys to openly declare his decision to them. There he meets his beloved in her true form, and everything ends happily and happily. Pushkin depicts in this work the beauty of harmonious relationships based solely on love. In such families, there are no conflicts between fathers and children, and if they do, they end in reconciliation.

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

In the story "Taras Bulba" N.V. Gogol refers to the theme of fathers and children, telling about the difficult wartime. In relation to Taras Bulba to his sons, there is neither "tenderness" nor kind words. From the very first moment of the meeting, he begins to provoke his sons, forcing them to enter into an open confrontation with their father. We can judge the peculiarities of upbringing according to the words of Bulba: “Do not listen, son, mother, she knows nothing.” Fearing the influence of his wife, he immediately decides to go with his sons to the Zaporizhzhya Sich: “This is where science is science! There's a school for you; there you will only gain wisdom. ” The father is proud of his sons, which does not prevent him from raising them in severity. The main dishonor for the father is a betrayal of fellowship, a common cause, serving the Motherland. When he learned about Andriy's betrayal, his son ceased to exist for him, the most hated enemy and personal shame appeared, so Taras mercilessly kills Andriy. From that time on, his only hope is Ostap, who fully shares his father's convictions. For Taras, the election of his son as chieftain becomes a real pride, and the execution of Ostap instilled in his heart even greater courage and boundless hatred for the enemy. Gogol wanted to convey to us the idea that in difficult times there are no conflicts between fathers and children, but only comrades-in-arms and enemies - enemies.

J. Aldridge "The Last Inch"

The problem of fathers and children is solved in a peculiar way in J. Aldridge's story "The Last Inch". Ben got a job - he needs to make a film about the life of sharks. He arrived in Shark Bay with his son, whom he was burdened with, not feeling an internal connection with him. Devi felt his uselessness to his father and therefore was afraid of him, could not feel free with him. Rough words and mocking remarks hurt the shy boy. The touchiness and timidity of his son was perceived by Ben as a weakness. And then disaster struck - Ben was attacked by a shark and seriously injured him. Now Ben understands that the only salvation is Davy, who cannot be scared, you need to negotiate with him, trying to instill in him the confidence that he will cope. As a result, Davy managed to bandage his father, put him on the plane, lift the plane into the air, control it during the flight and land. Thus, the respect and love of his father helped Davy to show his best sides, and the determination and strength of his son's character saved Ben's life. So father and son found each other and passed the “last inch” on the path of rapprochement.

The Russian classic I. S. Turgenev already in the title of the novel puts the essence of the conflict before the reader. Arkady Kirsanov and these are representatives of the “new” and younger generation, they were distinguished by revolutionary convictions, they wanted to break everything old around them. On the other side was the world of liberals and the older generation: Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. At the very beginning of the novel, we see a fierce battle between generations. Evgeny Bazarov's nihilistic beliefs strongly influence Arkady's friend, thereby taking him further and further away from family values ​​and traditions. Nikolai Petrovich, the father of Arkady, looks rather condescendingly at the actions of his son, which cannot be said about his brother Pavel Petrovich. Pavel Petrovich cannot allow the thought of a different vision of the world and actively defends his position. This conflict leads to a duel between Pavel Petrovich and Yevgeny Bazarov. Arkady Kirsanov, by the second half of the novel, on the contrary, realizes that there can be no future without the past.He begins to take the advice of adults, even follow them.

Important! As a result, Arkady remains inside the family, maintains old traditions and slowly implements his vision, he is a happy person. Evgeny Bazarov, on the contrary, remains alone, as in principle he wanted to “destroy everything around and build a new world”, but he did not succeed alone.

Relationships between generations in the play “Woe from Wit” by A. S. Griboyedov

A. S. Griboyedov in his play already speaks of another confrontation between “fathers and children”. There is a different conflict in the work: the influence of the older generation on the beliefs of the children of the younger generation. The opposition goes between Sofia Famusova and. Both heroes are good children of their parents, however, the influence of the older generation is different.

The Famusovs are an upper-class family, they despise everyone below them in status. Sophia's father always says that the one who is poor is not a couple for her. The Famus society is aimed only at empty pastime: lunches, dinners and gossip. Sofia Famusova, under the influence of this society, copies some of the features of her older generation. It is she who spreads the rumor about Chatsky's insanity. Sophia tries to follow her father's rules, but she falls in love with Molchalin's servant. Molchalin, like Sophia, acts on the instructions of his father. The postulates of the Molchalin family: to please everyone and not to say too much. The son perfectly practices these rules, thereby achieving career growth and enrichment. But this leads to the fact that Molchalin becomes a hostage to his silence, he cannot express his opinion and humiliates himself in front of other people.

Important! The outcome of this conflict is different: both heroes - both Sophia and Molchalin - blindly followed the advice of their fathers, but at the same time they did not turn out to be happy people.

"Thunderstorm" play by A. N. Ostrovsky

In A. N. Ostrovsky’s “Thunderstorm,” the dispute between generations is expressed in the clashes between Kabanikhi and Dikoy, representatives of the “older” generation, and Katerina and Boris. Kabanikha is the mother of two children: the weak-willed Tikhon and the unscrupulous Barbara. Both received an upbringing that was accompanied by total control. At the same time, Tikhon became a “sissy”, and Varvara inherited deceit and indifference to others from her mother.

The moral and kind Katerina, who received love, care and affection from her parents, is put in opposition. She married Tikhon and fell under the yoke of her mother-in-law. Katerina cannot stand this bullying, and finds solace in Diky's nephew, Boris. Boris, in turn, depends on the uncle, and cannot disobey him, thereby rejecting the love of young Katerina Kabanova.

Important! The result of two conflicts was the death of Katerina, who could not adapt and accept the rules of her husband's family.

The problem of connection between generations in the novel "The Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin

Pyotr Grinev, the protagonist of the novel, is a representative of the younger generation, who depends on the older generation. It is not a conflict that is revealed here, but, on the contrary, the continuity of generations. Petrusha lives according to the law of his father “take care of honor from a young age”, and compares all actions with this expression. Honor for him is the main thing, it helps him survive when he meets Pugachev.

The influence of Peter's mother also affected the upbringing of his son. Her romantic nature helped awaken kindness and responsiveness in her son. When Peter decides that he wants to marry the orphan Masha Mironova, his parents do not accept his choice.

Important! Only after the father and mother understand that they themselves raised such a son - highly moral and responsible for his actions and words, they accepted the daughter-in-law as their own.

“Quiet Don” novel by M. Sholokhov

The Melekhov family is an example of Cossack foundations: children obey their father, women obey men. Grigory, obeying his father, marries Natalya, whom he does not love, but he cannot argue with his father. , beloved of Gregory, also suffers from parental upbringing. She lived in constant fear of her father. Aksinya did not see a normal relationship, which is why she could not give Grigory a strong family. In opposition to Aksinya, the author shows Natalya - with a good upbringing and exemplary character. Being married to Gregory, she gave birth to children and in every possible way kept peace in the house.

After the collapse of the Cossacks, the Melekhovs were unable to restore the family. All the power of Father Panteley Prokofievich rested on the foundations of the Cossacks, and when there was no support, the children began to rebel. Daria, the middle daughter, began to lead a dissolute life, and Dunyasha moved away from the family. Only then does the father understand that values ​​should not be orders to be executed, but only advice that a person can either accept or reject.

“King Lear” play by W. Shakespeare

Foreign authors also resorted to the problem of generations. The hero of the play, King Lear, is intoxicated with power and demands from those around him not love for him, but humility. Two of his three daughters try to get a large share of their father's money by such obedience by deceit. He believes this feigned humility and love and does not hear the warning of the youngest daughter Cordelia. Lear finds himself on the street, in complete poverty, but next to him is Cordelia, who did not exchange love for money.

Only after the daughters deceived King Lear does he realize that power and money cannot buy a family.

"Scarlet Sails" A. Green

This work is very different from others. Here, on the contrary, the author shows not the problem of fathers and children, but an instruction on how to get along with the younger generation. Alexander Grin describes the life of the main character Assol and her father Longren. The author shows the sensitive attitude of the father to his daughter, he fully devotes his life to Assol, but at the same time does not put pressure on her. She grows up free and independent, but at the same time honors family traditions. Thus, A. Green's "Scarlet Sails" is not only a story about beautiful love, but also a story of "new" relationships between generations based on mutual understanding and sensitivity to each other. There are plenty of arguments and examples from the literature for life on the topic of the relationship between fathers and children. The main thing is not only to understand them, but also to analyze them, because the classics of world literature give us examples for everyone to make their only right, conscious choice. See the video below for more examples.