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After what illness can you not sunbathe? Tanning - benefits and harms

We all love the sun and look forward to the summer time to have a good rest and decorate our body with a beautiful tan. Still, you need to be very careful with the sun. Besides the fact that it is worth adhering to some basic rules of healthy tanning, there is a certain category of people who who shouldn't sunbathe. Therefore, before going to the beach, you need to make sure that your health allows sunbathing.

If you have health problems, be sure to consult your doctor before going out into the sun. Among the people who shouldn't sunbathe, first of all, those suffering from circulatory failure, hypertension, thyroid disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, pulmonary emphysema, neurasthenia and neurosis. Also, there may be restrictions on tanning when using certain medications, for example, sulfa drugs. Be sure to read the instructions carefully or ask your doctor. Category: who shouldn't sunbathe pregnant women and older people. Of course, the question is individual, but it is better to limit your time in the sun. If you suffer from varicose veins, make sure that the open sun hits your leg area as little as possible. Also, sunbathing is not recommended for people with a deficiency of B vitamins in their bodies. People with hypersensitivity to the sun and skin diseases, especially photodermatoses, should be careful when it comes to tanning.

Maria Soboleva

What diseases can the sun cause?

Light and warmth are priceless gifts of the sun, the source of all life. There is even a special treatment called heliotherapy.But everything useful has reasonable limits, and the sun, like a medicine, must be used in doses. For some, sunbathing is downright dangerous. Who shouldn't sunbathe? What diseases can the heavenly body cause and how to avoid them - find out more from our article.

About the benefits of sun rays

Warm, gentle rays strengthen our immunity, help the body resist all sorts of ailments, increase vitality, and improve metabolism. The sun is also an excellent antidepressant.

What about vitamin D, which is essential in the body? It is produced precisely under the influence of the luminary and is needed for complete phosphorus-calcium metabolism. The vitamin is responsible for strengthening our muscles, makes bone tissue and tooth enamel strong, affects blood circulation (normalizes blood pressure), and fights fatigue.

Other benefits of sun exposure:

reduces cholesterol;

treats skin diseases (acne, eczema, psoriasis);

promotes the synthesis of protein, hormones, enzymes;

kills viruses and bacteria;

hardens the body;

helps in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system;

gives a beautiful tan!

So, let's go sunbathing together? Let's bask in the gentle rays to our heart's content and actively treat our illnesses? But it's not that simple.

Who doesn't like the sun?

There are many who should be wary of the open sun. The list of contraindications is not small. Perhaps you never imagined that some diseases would deprive you of the opportunity to sunbathe to your heart's content.

Sunbathing is contraindicated if:

tuberculosis;

oncological diseases;

benign neoplasms;

hypertension degrees II and III;

endocrine diseases (adrenal glands, thyroid gland);

pregnancy (sunbathing only in the shade!);

a number of women's problems (polyps and erosion of the cervix, fibroids, ovarian cystoma, polycystic ovaries, mastopathy);

systemic lupus erythematosus;

insulin-dependent diabetes;

predisposition to melanoma;

vitiligo;

neuropsychiatric diseases.

The sun provokes an exacerbation of these diseases, causes a deterioration in health, and in some cases (oncology, lupus, tuberculosis) there is a high risk of further development of diseases with serious consequences.

Children under 3 years old should not sunbathe. For now, sunbathing in the shade is enough for the baby, where the exposure to sunlight is quite gentle.

Those with light skin that does not produce melanin—blonds and redheads—often behave carelessly. They will never achieve a bronze tan, but they can easily get sunburned and get bad diseases. Melanoma, for example, is 10 times more common among them than among dark-skinned people.

It turns out that many medications increase the risk of sunburn and make the skin hypersensitive. These include:

antibiotics;

antihistamines;

antidepressants;

antifungal drugs;

diabetes medications;

diuretics;

antihypertensive drugs (blowing blood pressure);

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;

cosmetics containing phenol, mercury, boric acid, retinoids;

essential oils.

Reactions may appear in the form of pigmentation, itching, redness, rashes, blisters, and possible exacerbation of herpes, acne, psoriasis. While you are taking these medications, avoid being in the sun for long periods of time.

What else should you be wary of when staying under the warm rays?

Sunburn

Perhaps the most common consequence that a person faces when being in the sun.

It's amazing how cruel we are sometimes to our skin, trying to make it change color from pale to bronze in a couple of days.

Active ultraviolet radiation burns the top layer of skin, which initially causes a feeling of tightness, redness, and blisters. It hurts to touch the affected area, the person shudders, and the body temperature rises.

There are also more severe manifestations - a drop in blood pressure, weakness, loss of orientation in space.

Help with sunburn

When you feel your skin giving an SOS signal, hide from direct sunlight. It is better indoors; if this is not possible, wear clothes that allow minimal ultraviolet transmission. You can cover yourself with a towel soaked in cold water.

A cool shower or bath cools the skin and relieves pain. But try not to damage the damaged skin with a strong stream of water.

In case of minor burns, folk remedies work well: kefir, sour cream, sour milk, aloe juice, lotion from cucumber and watermelon juices, grated raw potatoes, decoctions of chamomile, calendula or St. John's wort.

Panthenol and solcoseryl have worked well in the treatment of sunburn.

It is hardly appropriate to endure the pain of a burn. It is better to take paracetamol, tempalgin, ibuprofen, aspirin. Antihistamines (Diazolin, Claritin) will relieve swelling.

Under no circumstances should alcohol-containing products or greasy creams be applied to burned skin. This will only increase the severity of the damage.

Sunstroke

You should be wary of staying in the active sun for too long without a hat. Under the strong rays of the sun, the blood vessels dilate, blood rushes to the head, and then the consequences are extremely unpleasant.

The person feels severe weakness, headache, pupils dilate, and the vision becomes dark (possibly bleeding from the nose). The pulse quickens, the temperature rises (even up to 40 degrees), convulsions, nausea, vomiting and loss of consciousness are possible.

Young children, the elderly, those who suffer from hypertension, ischemia, excess weight, and those who abuse alcohol are at greater risk of getting sunstroke.

The help of a doctor in such cases is mandatory!

Typically, treatment for sunstroke will require several days of bed rest, the necessary procedures will be prescribed by the doctor. And the preventive measures are:

If possible, try not to be in the sun at its peak;

wear a hat, use an umbrella;

choose clothes made from natural, breathable fabrics in light colors;

drink a lot of liquid (at least 2 liters) - water, kvass, fruit drink, tea;

do not overeat, abstain from alcohol;

do not sunbathe between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.

Photodermatosis

Simply put, it is a sun allergy. The cause of the disease is increased sensitivity of the skin to the rays of the sun. And this is not at all uncommon; about 20% of people in the world know about it first-hand.

Sunlight itself does not cause allergies. It simply provokes the accumulation of allergens in the body. Ultraviolet rays interact with substances on the skin (we are talking about exogenous photodermatosis) or contained in the skin (endogenous photodermatitis).

If a person has excellent health (a rarity, of course!), he does not have any allergy to the sun. But endocrine disorders, vitamin deficiencies, kidney and liver diseases should alert you. Sun allergies also occur in pregnant women.

Photodermatosis manifests itself with extremely unpleasant symptoms:

redness, inflammation, peeling of the skin;

severe itching, burning;

skin rashes;

swelling of the mucous membranes.

A few hours after exposure to the sun, these symptoms begin to appear; there is a slower reaction: from 18 to 72 hours. People who are particularly sensitive may encounter the following problems: bronchospasm, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

Who should be more concerned about the risk of sun allergies? There are many of them: fair-skinned people, pregnant women, those suffering from dermatitis, those with relatives susceptible to sun allergies, lovers of solariums, tattooing, and chemical peeling.

Prevention of photodermatosis

Active sun (from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.) is contraindicated for you.

Take sunbathing in the saving shade of trees, an umbrella or an awning.

Protect your skin from direct rays - be sure to wear a hat, and clothes should be light and light, made of natural fabrics, with long sleeves.

Choose sunscreens from well-known, proven brands with a high degree of photoprotection. Apply them to your skin every two hours. The cream must contain protection against UVB rays and UVA rays (provoking photodermatosis).

Do not use deodorants, perfumes, or aromatic oils.

It is best to consult a doctor, knowing your predisposition to sun allergies. He will help you assess the risks, give you individual recommendations and help you establish the right relationship with the celestial body. After all, no matter how you look at it, there is no life without the sun. You can also take sunbathing if you take precautions.

What other diseases should you be wary of when staying in the sun for a long time?

Skin cancer risk

Excess ultraviolet radiation and previous sunburn can trigger different types of skin cancer. According to statistics, 50-90% of these diseases are the result of the harmful effects of the sun.

In recent years, cases of melanoma, a very aggressive cancer that threatens the life of the patient, have become more frequent. Melanoma is one of the most dangerous tumors. If you count all the deaths from various types of skin cancer, melanoma accounts for 80%.

But this malignant neoplasm is easier to prevent; its primary manifestations can be noticed visually: changes in the shape and color of moles, the appearance of scaly spots, and any neoplasms.

Carefully monitor your skin, follow the rules of safe sun exposure, and then you will minimize the risk of getting melanoma.

Who should take special care:

those who have freckles;

having fair skin;

spending a lot of time outdoors;

those who received severe sunburn in childhood;

people with a family history of skin cancer.

Danger of eye diseases

When in the sun, you should be wary of dry eye syndrome. Our “mirrors of the soul” begin to hurt, we feel dryness, burning, and fatigue occurs. And also - a sensation of a foreign body. In addition to discomfort, there is a risk of decreased vision.

UV rays can cause cataracts - clouding of the lens, which threatens a person with blindness. If you see spots flashing before your eyes, objects appear double or appear yellow, immediately see an ophthalmologist.

You should also be wary of photokeratitis, a severe sunburn that damages the cornea of the eye. You can earn it in just 20 minutes of exposure to the sun. And not only from direct sunlight, but also from reflected ones - from water, snow, the surface of the earth.

Ultraviolet radiation can also cause conjunctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva. It is also accompanied by pain and negatively affects our vision.

Photokeratitis and conjunctivitis can be prevented by using sunglasses with a high degree of protection from UV-A and UV-B rays of at least 400 units. A wide-brimmed hat will partially protect your eyes.

But for maximum effect, some experts advise wearing lenses with an ultraviolet filter.

Photoaging

All excesses are fraught with negative consequences. Likewise, the skin suffers from excessive exposure to the sun - its top layer is damaged, and changes characteristic of old age occur.

Quite young women experience dry skin, thinning, wrinkles, vascular changes, and redness. Freckles and various spots (chloasma, lentigo) appear.

Everyone gets old, but why speed up this process by 10-15 years with your own hands? Take care of your skin, use special sunscreens (preferably those with a protection factor (SPF) of 30+ or more).

Let's use the healing power of the sun wisely. After all, a tan is not an end in itself; the benefits of sun rays for the whole body are more important. Experts say that spending 15 minutes in the sun several times a week without using protective cream is an excellent way to improve your health. Use the life-giving power of our luminary for your benefit.

Take it for yourself and tell your friends!

Is sunbathing beneficial or harmful?

With the onset of summer, many people are wondering whether sunbathing is beneficial or harmful. First of all, you should know that the heavenly body is a natural doctor, therefore it is not only useful, but also necessary for the human body.

Let's consider the main properties of sunbathing:

The action of ultraviolet radiation activates the synthesis of vitamin D, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. It strengthens muscles and bones, promotes wound healing, and prevents rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.
Activate and stimulate metabolic processes, blood circulation and respiration. Improves the functioning of the endocrine system and accelerates metabolism.
They help get rid of various dermatological problems: psoriasis, acne, eczema, fungus. Due to its destructive effect on pathogenic microorganisms, UV is used in the treatment of skin tuberculosis.
They help harden the body, strengthen its defenses and increase resistance to various infections.
Activate the production of the hormone serotonin, which helps cope with chronic stress, depression and decreased ability to work.

But, despite the above beneficial properties, natural tanning has certain contraindications and rules. Compliance with them allows you to make your summer holiday as useful and safe as possible.

At what time should you not sunbathe?

An important aspect of a safe summer holiday is choosing the right time for sunbathing. Let's consider at what time you should not sunbathe and other aspects of this procedure.

The sun is a source of radioactive energy. Its peak activity occurs from 11:00 to 16:00. That is, it is strictly not recommended to go outside during the day. During this period, there is a high risk of burns, especially for those with light sensitive skin.
It is better to sunbathe from 8:00 to 11:00. After 16:00 you can safely relax on the beach, since it is during this time period that you can get an even skin tone.
You should get a tan gradually, that is, lying under the scorching rays all day is contraindicated. You can start with 10 minutes and gradually increase the time.
The maximum time of continuous solar treatments should not exceed 2 hours a day.

A tan is good for the body, but only if it is acquired correctly. Solar procedures need proper organization. Because if you are too enthusiastic, there can be serious consequences. The most dangerous is the development of skin cancer.

Why and who should not sunbathe in the sun?

The skin's reaction to the damaging effects of UV radiation is tanning. Under its influence, the pigment melanin begins to be produced in the cells, which gives the tissues a beautiful chocolate shade. But like any procedure, sunbathing has certain contraindications. Let's look at why and who should not sunbathe.

Absolute contraindications:

Allergy to the sun (photodermatitis).
The use of medications with photosensitizing properties (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fetothiazine derivatives).
Albinism is a genetic disease characterized by a complete absence of melanin in skin cells.
Oncological pathologies of any localization.
Mastopathy or conditions after breast cancer therapy.
Hyperthermia.
Endocrine diseases.
Pathologies of the thyroid gland.
Acute infectious processes.
The recovery period after anti-aging procedures, peeling, beauty injections, laser hair removal.

Relative contraindications:

Small children under 2-3 years old. Babies have thin and vulnerable skin, which is very sensitive to solar radiation.
People over 60-65 years old. As a rule, at this age many people have problems with blood pressure, cardiovascular pathologies and other diseases.
The presence of benign neoplasms.
Pregnancy.
The presence of large dysplastic nevi.

Excessive sunbathing accelerates photoaging of the skin and provokes the destruction of collagen fibers. Hyperpigmentation of the epidermis is possible, that is, the formation of yellow-brown areas and benign pathologies (freckles, lentigo, melanocytic nevi).

The risk of developing melanoma, that is, a malignant skin lesion, also increases significantly. According to medical statistics, melanoma is the second most common cancer in young women. It ranks second in mortality after lung cancer. The disease can be provoked by a natural source of ultraviolet study and a solarium. The sun suppresses the reactions of the immune system and causes activation of the herpes virus. Dehydrates the skin, making it wrinkled, dull, rough and rough.

What diseases prevent sunbathing?

Despite the many beneficial properties of solar treatments, tanning does not benefit everyone. Let's look at what diseases you should not sunbathe in the sun:

Malignant diseases and precancerous conditions.
Ophthalmological diseases.
Tuberculosis.
Phlebeurysm.
A large number of nevi, age spots and birthmarks.
Gynecological diseases (mastopathy, polycystic disease and others).
Autoimmune pathologies.
Infectious diseases.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Endocrine diseases.
Psychoneurological diseases.

In addition to the listed pathologies, relaxing on the beach is contraindicated after certain cosmetic procedures:

Peeling and hardware skin cleansing.
Laser hair removal.
Permanent makeup.
Removal of skin tumors.
Wrap with essential oils.
Botox injections.

There are also temporary contraindications to tanning associated with drug therapy:

Photosensitizers – increase the risk of sunburn. You can rest 1-6 months after finishing their use.
Medicines containing retinol, tretinoin or retinoic acid. Used to treat acne and eliminate wrinkles.
Antimicrobial and antifungal drugs (Triclosan, Chlorhexidine, Griseofulvin).
Diuretic drugs (based on Chlorthalidone and Furosemide).
Antipsoriatic cosmetics.
Antidepressants, tranquilizers and anticonvulsants.
Antihistamines, antiemetics and antibiotics.
Antidiabetic drugs that lower blood sugar levels.
Contraceptives and other drugs based on estrogen and progesterone.

If contraindications for sunbathing are violated, serious complications are possible:

Sunburn is the most common occurrence. Appears due to the fact that UV radiation burns the upper layer of the epidermis. It manifests itself as a feeling of skin tightness, redness and blisters. In especially severe cases, the temperature rises, blood pressure decreases, and general weakness and disorientation appear.
Sunstroke - appears due to prolonged exposure to heat without a hat. Blood vessels dilate and blood rushes to the head. Severe weakness, headaches appear, and pupils dilate. Nosebleeds and loss of consciousness are possible. The temperature rises, attacks of nausea and vomiting appear.
Photodermatosis is a sun allergy that occurs with increased sensitivity to UV. The painful condition is manifested by redness, inflammation and peeling of the skin. Severe itching and burning, various rashes and swelling of the mucous membranes appear.
Skin cancer – frequent and prolonged sunbathing can cause burns and provoke malignant lesions. According to medical statistics, about 50-80% of cancers occur due to the harmful effects of natural ultraviolet radiation.
Ophthalmological diseases - exposure to heat can cause dry eye syndrome, decreased vision, clouding of the lens (cataracts) and inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Photoaging – prolonged sunbathing leads to damage to the top layer of skin. Such reactions are similar to the changes that occur in old age. Dry skin, vascular changes, redness, various age spots, freckles, and wrinkles appear.

Is it possible to sunbathe with psoriasis in the sun?

A chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and forms plaques (dry, well-defined spots) on its surface is psoriasis. This pathology causes not only pain, but also cosmetic discomfort. Psoriatic rashes are localized throughout the body. Plaques can appear on the head, back, abdomen, most often the elbows and knees, and buttocks are affected.

In the cold season, rashes can be covered with clothing, but in the summer, many patients have a question: is it possible to sunbathe with psoriasis in the sun? First of all, it should be noted that this disease and ultraviolet radiation are compatible. Summer is the most favorable period for treatment. Solar procedures in combination with sea water, that is, relaxation on the sea coast, have pronounced therapeutic properties.

Sunbathing provides long-term and lasting remission due to the thickening of the skin and an increase in the flow of oxygen into the lymphatic fluid.

Beneficial properties of the sun:

Destruction of psoriatic plaques and renewal of the epidermis.
Acceleration of the process of regeneration of damaged tissues.
Elimination of itching and flaking.
Slowing down the formation of new plaques and papules.

Ultraviolet rays type A and B suppress pathological processes occurring on the surface of the epidermis. Therefore, with their help you can quickly get rid of not only various rashes, but also speed up the healing of wounds and ulcers.

Scientists have found that the exacerbation of the disease in the cold season is associated with a deficiency of vitamin D in the blood. Its deficiency can be restored through food or sunbathing. The effectiveness of such therapy is individual for each specific case and depends on the type and type of disease.

Rules for solar procedures for psoriasis:

The duration of the first exposure to the sun should not exceed 10 minutes. After this, the duration of rest can be gradually increased, bringing it up to 30 minutes.
It is better to sunbathe in the morning from 8:00 to 11:00 or in the evening from 16:00 to 20:00. The lunch period is the most dangerous, since the light is most active and can lead to complications of the disease.
To prevent drying out of the skin, you should use special photoprotective products with an increased protection factor.
After sunbathing, psoriasis plaques should be treated with ointments and aerosols that contain the active component zinc pyrithione.

Despite all the benefits and effectiveness of treating psoriasis with the sun, this procedure has certain contraindications. Such therapy is prohibited for patients whose disease worsens in the summer, which is about 5% of all patients.

Good conditions for the treatment of psoriasis have been created in the resorts of Bulgaria, Slovenia and, of course, Israel. Rest and treatment in sanatoriums on the Dead Sea allows you to transfer the disease into a stage of long-term remission.

Is it possible to sunbathe with viral hepatitis in the sun?

A viral disease that affects the liver is hepatitis. The disease can be asymptomatic or manifest as acute painful attacks. In any case, the patient will face long-term treatment and rehabilitation, diet therapy and a number of other contraindications. Because of this, many patients ask the question: is it possible to sunbathe with viral hepatitis in the sun?

If the disease is in stable remission, then rest is possible subject to the following rules:

You can be under the beach until 10:00 in the morning and from 17-18:00 in the evening, when the skin is exposed to infrared radiation rather than ultraviolet radiation, which does not affect the rapid reproduction of the virus in the body.
To exclude the possibility of various complications, it is necessary to use sunscreens with an increased protection factor. They minimize harmful effects on the skin.
If your health worsens during rest, you should go to a cool place, for example, under a roof or an umbrella. Also, do not forget about the headdress.

During an exacerbation of the disease, solar procedures are contraindicated. This is due to the fact that ultraviolet light stimulates the reproduction of the virus.

Is it possible to sunbathe in the sun if you have uterine fibroids?

A benign formation in the tissues of the uterus (can be located in the endometrium, under the serosa, in the cervix or inside the muscle layer) is a fibroid. According to medical statistics, the disease occurs in 30% of women, most often at the age of 25-35 years. The peculiarity of the pathology is its asymptomatic course and serious complications. Treatment is carried out surgically, the type of operation depends on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.

After therapy, many patients are interested in the question: is it possible to sunbathe in the sun with uterine fibroids? Solar procedures are not contraindicated, but before performing them you should wait until the end of the rehabilitation period. Such precautions are due to the fact that fibroids tend to recur, and overheating of the body is a favorable condition for this.

In medical practice, cases often arise when the disease recurs due to a short holiday in hot countries. To prevent such consequences, you should rest in the sun with extreme caution, adhering to all the rules of safe tanning.

Is it possible to sunbathe if you have a cold in the sun?

Each body is individual, so only the attending physician should decide whether it is possible to sunbathe if you have a cold in the sun. A runny nose and sore throat are symptoms of an inflammatory process and a sign of reduced protective properties of the immune system. Exposure to sunlight in the first days reduces immunity, which increases the risk of developing various diseases and complications of existing ones. Therefore, even something as seemingly trivial as a cold can develop into a serious pathology.

At the same time, many doctors believe that holidays on the sea coast have a therapeutic effect against colds, especially chronic pathologies of the respiratory tract. Sea air is saturated with useful substances that cleanse the lungs and bronchi of accumulated toxins and help improve local immunity.

If you decide to undergo solar treatments during a cold, you should follow these recommendations:

Avoid hypothermia (do not go into the water after a long stay in the heat).
Do not drink cold drinks, including sea/river water.
Sunbathing should be done from 6 to 10 am and after four o'clock in the evening.

To speed up recovery, you should eat a diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Various physiotherapy procedures, including mud therapy, will be useful.

Is it possible to sunbathe with mastopathy in the sun?

A benign disease with pathological proliferation of connective tissue in the mammary gland is mastopathy. As a rule, this disorder occurs due to hormonal imbalance. Without timely and proper treatment, it can cause cancer. Correct behavior in the sun plays an important role, as its rays intensely affect breast tissue. Whether it is possible to sunbathe with mastopathy in the sun should only be determined by the attending physician.

Sunlight has a comprehensive effect on the body: it is necessary for the epidermis and metabolism, normal functioning of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and ovaries. Thanks to it, the body produces vitamin D, which is necessary for the normal growth of bones and ligaments. But, despite all the beneficial properties, the sun's rays have a particularly dangerous effect on the delicate and vulnerable tissue of the mammary glands.

Contraindications to sunbathing with mastopathy:

The disease is in the acute stage.
Cystic form of mastopathy.
There is severe pain syndrome.
There are nodules, lumps, or tumor inclusions in the breast.
The glands are swollen, there is discharge from the nipples.

Ultraviolet radiation can provoke the degeneration of a benign tumor into a cancerous one. You should also be careful about spending time in the sun if you are overweight, after recent breast surgery, or while taking hormonal medications.

Sunbathing does not cause mastopathy, but can cause its exacerbation. To prevent this from happening, you should adhere to the following rules:
1. Relaxing topless is contraindicated. It is necessary to wear a swimsuit that provides sufficient protection to the mammary glands.
2. You can be in the heat until 11:00 in the morning and after 16:00 in the evening. Evening tanning is the safest.
3. Before going outside, you need to stock up on enough liquid to prevent dehydration and other unpleasant consequences of prolonged exposure to the heat.

Only a mammologist can make a final decision on the benefits of the sun for mastopathy, and individually for each case.

Is it possible to sunbathe if you are allergic to the sun?

Various dermatological reactions and skin diseases cause significant discomfort, especially in the summer. Whether it is possible to sunbathe if you are allergic to the sun is determined by your attending physician, individually for each patient. Allergies caused by ultraviolet radiation have become particularly widespread in recent years. Its symptoms appear immediately, in some patients within a couple of seconds, and in other patients within 1-2 hours or on the second day after exposure to the sun.

Features of the phototoxic reaction:

Photodermatosis also occurs in healthy people after prolonged sunbathing. To prevent it, you should avoid the sun from 11:00 to 16:00 and protect your skin with special creams and lotions.
Sun allergies can be caused by certain foods, medications, herbs, and other photosensitizers.
The pathological process is largely associated with immune disorders. People with diseases of the endocrine system, liver and kidneys are at risk for its development.
People with light (first, Celtic) skin phototype are susceptible to UV allergies. They practically do not sunbathe, but pathological reactions to ultraviolet radiation occur very often.

In most cases, allergies manifest as hives, eczema, or blisters. The rash occurs on the arms, face, legs and chest. Most often they appear as rough bumps on the skin that are painful and itchy. In rare cases, the rash coalesces, forming crusts, bleeding and scales.

A full summer vacation is possible only after the cause of the allergic reaction has been determined and a course of treatment has been completed. But even after therapy, you should be careful when sunbathing and follow all medical recommendations.

Is it possible to sunbathe after a heart attack?

Damage to the heart muscle due to disruption of its blood supply and blockage of one of the organ’s arteries with atherosclerotic plaque is a heart attack. The danger of this disease is that the affected part of the muscle dies and necrosis develops. Pathological processes begin 20-40 minutes after blood flow stops. There are many factors that can cause a heart attack.

According to medical statistics, it is a long stay in the heat, sun or heatstroke that most often causes heart damage and cerebrovascular accidents.

Let's take a closer look at how a heart attack develops caused by a violation of thermoregulation, that is, a long rest in the heat:

Body temperature gradually increases.
The body tries to create balance by comparing the temperature of the body and the environment.
Adaptive mechanisms are exhausted, and a phase of decompensation begins.
General intoxication of the body, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, renal and heart failure develops.
The power supply to the brain is cut off.
Hemorrhage and swelling occurs.

Very often, people who have suffered from this disease wonder whether it is possible to sunbathe in the sun after a heart attack. The possibility of summer rest and prolonged exposure to UV depends on the level of recovery from the pathology suffered and the general condition of the body. In most cases, doctors recommend minimizing sunbathing and doing it in the morning or evening. Also, do not forget about protecting your skin and head from the sun and maintaining water balance.

Is it possible to sunbathe with dermatitis in the sun?

There is an opinion that the sun is beneficial for absolutely all dermatological diseases. In reality, everything is different. For example, whether it is possible to sunbathe with dermatitis in the sun completely depends on the course of the disease, the age of the patient and, of course, medical indications. These precautions are due to the fact that after sunbathing, rashes can intensify, forming weeping areas, crusts, causing severe itching and discomfort.

Dermatitis, and especially its atopic form, is characterized by frequent exacerbations in the autumn-spring period. By the summer season, the pathological process in most cases subsides, and patients feel better. The improvement is primarily due to the effect of ultraviolet radiation, which, in moderate dosage, suppresses skin rashes and inflammation, and reduces itching.

Prolonged sunbathing with dermatitis is not recommended, especially when there is increased solar activity. Sunbathing should be done in the morning before 11:00 and in the evening. In this case, it is necessary to apply hypoallergenic protective agents to the skin.

Is it possible to sunbathe with HIV?

Very often you can hear that a diagnosis such as human immunodeficiency virus is an absolute contraindication to summer holidays. The question of whether it is possible to sunbathe with HIV is individual for each patient. Excessive tanning is dangerous for many reasons, including those not related to HIV. For many people, sunbathing will not cause harm, but rather will help you relax and unwind. In addition, UV has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the entire body and provides health benefits.

The rules for sunbathing for patients with HIV are no different from the recommendations for healthy people:

Solar treatments are best done in the early morning or late evening. From 10:00 to 16:00 it is better to avoid increased solar activity.
It is necessary to apply a protective cream with a high ultraviolet filter to the body. It is better to carry out the procedure 20-30 minutes before going outside and repeat every 2-3 hours, especially after swimming.
Eye and head protection should also be provided. While on vacation, it is recommended to stock up on drinking water to prevent dehydration.

In any case, before planning a summer vacation, you should consult with your doctor. This is necessary in order to prevent adverse reactions or complications from the drugs used that may occur during sunbathing.

Is it possible to sunbathe after a sunburn?

Thermal, chemical or radiation damage to the skin causes many inconveniences, both physical and aesthetic. Many people who have suffered similar injuries are interested in the question: is it possible to sunbathe after a sunburn? Solar procedures are allowed if signs of tissue inflammation are completely absent. Otherwise, tanning (both natural and artificial), baths, saunas and other thermal procedures are contraindicated.

If the recovery process is successful, then short sunbathing will be beneficial for the body. At the same time, do not forget that young, delicate skin is easily irritated and therefore needs protection. Before going to the beach, you should treat your epidermis with high SPF sunscreen.

If after sunbathing, old burns are swollen or red, then further exposure to the heat is contraindicated. The ban is valid until the tissues are completely healed. It would not be superfluous to use such products as Bepanten or Panthenol. They minimize pain and accelerate the regeneration of damaged epidermis.

Is it possible to sunbathe if you have thyroid problems in the sun?

It is generally accepted that diseases of the endocrine system and the sun are incompatible. But is this really so, is it possible to sunbathe if you have thyroid problems in the sun? People with excess thyroid hormones - thyrotoxicosis - do not tolerate heat well. Therefore, in this case, before solar procedures, hormonal balance should be normalized. Treatment is also necessary for hypothyroidism, that is, a deficiency of thyroid hormones. Otherwise, your summer vacation may be unsuccessful.

The thyroid gland regulates metabolic processes in the body and maintains normal body temperature. If the functions of the organ are impaired, then climate change will negatively affect well-being. The celestial body does not directly affect the gland, but when exposed to it, its immune cells can begin to attack the thyroid tissue.

If there are nodes in the thyroid gland, then before the summer holiday you should do a control ultrasound and a blood test for hormones. If the nodes are large, then a biopsy is necessary. If hormones are normal and the biopsy does not reveal malignant changes, then tanning is allowed. Such examinations should be carried out if the thyroid gland is enlarged and if there are cystic formations in it.

Contraindications to solar procedures:

Thyroid cancer.
Increased hormonal levels.
Nodes with rapid growth.

In other cases, rest is possible only with the permission of the endocrinologist. It is very important to adhere to these rules:

You should not be exposed to direct UV radiation for a long time; it is better to relax in the shade, sunbathing in the morning or in the evening.
Apply sunscreen to exposed areas of the body, reapplying it every 2-3 hours. Wear a hat and sunglasses.
Avoid dehydration. Drink mineral waters with bicarbonates.

The sun has a beneficial effect on the entire body, including the endocrine system. Staying on the warm sand is beneficial. Short thermal procedures have a good effect on reflex points on the feet, which are connected by the throat area and the thyroid gland.

Is it possible to sunbathe after chickenpox?

Chicken pox is an infectious disease with an extremely unpleasant symptom - watery rashes all over the body. The blisters quickly burst, forming crusts under which young skin grows. Based on this, the answer to the question of whether it is possible to sunbathe after chickenpox depends entirely on how much time has passed after recovery.

Immediately after an illness, UV exposure is contraindicated, as this can aggravate the pathological condition and provoke a complication in the form of altered pigmentation at the site of the rash.
In most cases, the disease lasts no more than two weeks, with adults experiencing it in severe form and children in mild form.
Many doctors advise patients not to go outside for a month after the skin has completely recovered. But there are a number of experts who believe that sunbathing is contraindicated throughout the year.

The skin after chickenpox is greatly weakened and cannot provide full protection from UV. In addition, in the places where the rash was, the dermis is thinned, which increases the risk of burns. Because of this, instead of a beautiful chocolate tan, you can get dark pigment spots all over your body, which will take a very long time to remove.

Is it possible to sunbathe with a tattoo in the sun?

Today, a tattoo is not something special. It is a kind of cosmetic procedure during which a pattern or design is stamped on the body. But after it, time is needed for the tissue to heal. The question of whether it is possible to sunbathe with a tattoo in the sun is relevant for all tattoo lovers.

Despite the fact that in the summer you really want to show off your new tattoos to everyone, you shouldn’t forget that the sun’s rays have a detrimental effect on them, especially on fresh ones. Visiting the solarium, swimming in sea water, baths and saunas are prohibited. Ultraviolet radiation destroys pigment cells, so tattoo colors quickly fade.

Sunbathing with a tattoo is possible if the skin has healed, that is, 3-4 months after the procedure. Let's consider the basic recommendations that will allow you to preserve your tattoo and acquire a beautiful summer shade:

You should wear sunscreen when going out in the sun. At the same time, the higher the SPF level of protection, the better. The cream needs to be renewed after each bath.
Solar procedures can only be carried out at safe times, that is, before 11:00 am and after 16:00 pm.
After rest, you should wash thoroughly under fresh water and treat your body with moisturizing creams.

Is it possible to sunbathe with moles in the sun?

Many owners of nevi who seriously care about their health are concerned about the question of whether it is possible to sunbathe with moles in the sun. It is almost impossible to give a definite answer, since nevi are different. But in any case, an excess of UV is not beneficial.

Birthmarks are skin abnormalities. They contain large amounts of melanin, which gives them a brown tint.
They can be of different shapes and sizes. The safest are small flat pigment spots. But convex and changed shape are a cause for concern.
As a rule, in a calm state they do not cause harm. But their slightest damage can lead to serious complications, including the development of melanoma.

The sun's rays affect the epidermis and provoke the active production of melanin, which results in a tan. Additional production of this pigment in moles can lead to their accelerated growth and deformation. To ensure a safe summer holiday, you should adhere to the following rules:

You should not be in direct sunlight without a protective cream, which must be applied especially carefully to nevi.
Sunbathe morning and evening. If you are in the heat at lunchtime, wear closed but light clothing. If there are formations on the face, they should be covered with a cap with a wide visor or a hat.
Large and raised moles can be covered with a bandage.

Moles should be carefully monitored during sunbathing. If they become deformed (change in shape or size), you should immediately seek advice from an oncologist.

Is it possible to sunbathe if you have lipoma?

Lipoma is a benign skin disease that develops from adipose tissue. Its appearance indicates systemic disorders in the body. It is a cosmetic defect, can develop in any person and does not affect the general condition of the body. That is, the answer to the question of whether it is possible to sunbathe in the sun with a lipoma is unequivocal - yes, moderate exposure to solar radiation is not only allowed, but also beneficial for the body.

Despite the fact that lipoma does not degenerate into malignant tumors, its structure predisposes to necrotic and infectious complications. Protective agents should be carefully applied to such formations and injury should be avoided. If the lipoma is large, then you need to contact a surgeon and have it removed. In this case, summer rest is possible only after the wound has completely healed.

Is it possible to sunbathe if you have hives in the sun?

An allergic disease in the form of a small skin rash is urticaria. It can develop due to many reasons, one of which is sun intolerance.

Photodermatitis causes severe itching and burning, hyperemic areas, blisters and red spots appear on the body. Most often, people with Celtic skin type face this problem. Their dermis does not accept tanning; instead, burns and redness appear.

Since the disease worsens in the summer, the question of whether it is possible to sunbathe with hives in the sun is very relevant.

A long stay on the beach is contraindicated in this case.
To protect against harmful ultraviolet radiation, you should regularly apply sunscreen.
It is better to sunbathe in the evening, when solar activity is reduced.
During the day, it is better to wear light, light clothing that covers the body and is made from natural fabrics.

To eliminate hives caused by the sun, you should consult a doctor and undergo comprehensive drug treatment.

Why don't scars tan in the sun?

Surely many have wondered why scars do not tan in the sun. This is due to the fact that scar tissue consists entirely of connective fibers in which there are no pigment cells. After exposure to the sun, such areas remain white, creating a contrast with tanned skin.

If the scar is less than a year old and is from abdominal surgery or serious damage, then tanning is contraindicated. Since the scar consists of collagen, and ultraviolet rays provoke its increased production, this can lead to an increase in the size of the scar and its hypertrophy. Medicine knows of cases where post-burn scars become hyperpigmented, that is, they become very dark from exposure to the sun. Also, do not forget that the sun greatly injures still fresh damage.

If there are old scars on the skin, they should still be protected from ultraviolet radiation. To do this, the scar must be treated with special creams and not sunbathe from 12:00 to 16:00, that is, avoid increased solar activity.

Do stretch marks tan in the sun?

Damage to elastin and collagen microfibers causes subcutaneous tears, that is, stretch marks. Most often women face this problem. Striae appear with sudden weight loss or weight gain, during pregnancy and with hormonal disorders. The body turns into a kind of canvas with red stripes. If skin breaks are left untreated, they will gradually begin to turn white, turning into scars.

Many people with this problem are interested in the question of whether stretch marks tan in the sun. They do not regenerate and lack melanin, so tanning is impossible. Due to prolonged exposure to heat, they can turn red and cause inflammation. Striae, like scars, should be protected from UV using cosmetics. With timely treatment (laser resurfacing, mesotherapy, microdermabrasion), new skin is formed at the site of stretch marks, and an even tan becomes possible.

Is it possible to sunbathe with varicose veins?

An unpleasant disease that occurs in both men and women and is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious threat to health is varicose veins. Many people with this problem try to disguise it by sunbathing, without finding out whether it is possible to sunbathe with varicose veins.

The danger for varicose veins is not the sun's rays, but the overheating that they provoke. Increased thermal exposure reduces the tone of the venous network and increases its permeability. Because of this, swelling appears. That is, for people with any stage of varicose veins, tanning and overheating (baths, saunas) are dangerous.

Prolonged exposure to heat can cause the following complications:

Swelling of the lower extremities.
Cramps.
The formation of trophic ulcers due to impaired nutrition of the tissues above the veins.
The appearance of blood clots.
Inflammation of the venous wall.
Venous stagnation and overstretching of veins.
Proliferation of the vascular network.

Circulatory disorders with varicose veins vary. The following stages of the disease are distinguished:

Compensation – small spider veins and darkening of the veins appear. Frequent heaviness in the legs and their swelling are possible.
Subcompensation - pigmentation and protruding veins characteristic of the disease appear. At rest, convulsions and paresthesia may occur, pain is of an increasing nature.
Decompensation – dark pigment spots on the body, veins are clearly visible. Pain, swelling and itching often occur. Trophic ulcers may form.

In the early stages of the disease, sunbathing is allowed. But with more severe symptoms of varicose veins, summer holidays are contraindicated. Heat exposure can aggravate an already painful condition. In any case, before preparing for the beach season, people with venous enlargement of the veins should take a course of venotonics (Venarus, Detralex, Phlebodia) to increase the tone and elasticity of the venous network. This will allow you to survive the hot season without complications.

Also, do not forget that the pathological condition progresses with dehydration. The blood becomes thick and viscous, the speed of its flow slows down, venous congestion and blood clots form. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain water balance, especially in summer.

Caution should be exercised after sclerotherapy or surgery to remove varicose veins. Sunbathing is possible only after complete healing of scars and resorption of bruises. Typically, the recovery period takes up to six months. Otherwise, the disease may make itself felt again. Also, do not forget about sunscreen cosmetics, which will protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV.

Update: October 2018

A beautiful, even tan looks attractive, and many people rush to get their “portion of sun” as soon as the weather becomes acceptable for sunbathing. Today, dark skin is fashionable, beautiful and attractive, and also useful to some extent.

Skin types and sun sensitivity

Why is it that some people can lie on a sun lounger for hours and not “burn out,” while others only need to walk into a store in an open T-shirt for their shoulders to turn a telltale red? The point is in different skin phototypes, of which there are 6 in total. For Russia, 4 types are relevant.

Celtic. Very light, thin, pinkish skin that does not tan well and turns red in the sun. Sunburn occurs very often. Such people make up about 5% of the Russian population. They are also characterized by light eyes (blue, gray), blond hair, and an abundance of freckles.
Light skinned European. Fair skin, tans, but the tan is light brown. As the recommended time in the sun increases, burns occur. The eyes are light (green, gray, blue), hair color is from light to brown. The overwhelming majority of the Russian population (60-65%).
Black European. Dark skin, tan goes on evenly, brown. People with such skin make up 20-25% of the population of the Russian Federation, have light brown eyes, dark brown hair.
Mediterranean. Dark, slightly rough skin. The tan goes on evenly and has a beautiful bronze-chocolate color. This is about 8–10% of the Russian population: they have dark brown eyes and hair from brown to brunette.

People with different skin types have their own tanning recommendations.

What is solar radiation

Sunlight consists of visible (which can be seen after a thunderstorm as a rainbow) and invisible rays, located on both sides of the solar spectrum. The rays adjacent to the red end of the spectrum are called infrared (IR), and those beyond the violet end are called ultraviolet (UV).

UV accounts for only 5% of solar radiation. But it is precisely this area that is distinguished by biological activity. The effect of rays on the body depends on the wavelength.

Soft, long-wave UVA radiation, 315-400 nm. 95% of all UV radiation. It is not retained by the ozone layer, penetrates well into the skin and reaches the subcutaneous tissue, affects blood vessels and connective tissue fibers of the dermis, and reaches the lens in the eyes. Provides a number of positive and negative effects, which we will write about below.
Medium wave, UVB, 280-315 nm, 5-3%. Penetrates only into the epidermis, and in the eyes is absorbed by the cornea. Causes a skin burn, and if the eyes are not protected, a corneal burn.
Hard, short-wave radiation UVC, 100-280 nm. Retained by the ozone layer.

Hard rays and almost all medium-wave healing are delayed by the ozone layer, but due to the decrease in its thickness, which has been observed in recent decades (0.5 -0.7% per year), the latter also affect humans. Therefore, discussions about safe tanning in the modern environmental situation are conditional.

The benefits of sunbathing

The sun determines life on our planet. Yes, residents of the middle zone really miss these gentle rays of sunshine that lift their spirits. So, ultraviolet:

activates the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, which is necessary for the absorption of phosphorus and calcium. The main function of the latter in the body is to strengthen bones, muscles and heal wounds, prevent rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults;
helps cure skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne;
has a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. In 1903, the Danish physician Niels Finsen proved in experimental studies that sun rays can be used to treat skin tuberculosis, for which he received the Nobel Prize.
activates the course of most vital processes: blood circulation, respiration, the functioning of the endocrine system and metabolism in general;
are one of the elements of hardening the body, which means they help strengthen the overall defenses and increase resistance to infections;
Helps cope with winter depression, chronic stress and reduced ability to work by activating the production of the hormone serotonin.

All of these benefits don't require sitting in the sun all day. 15-minute sunbathing, taken at a safe time, 2-3 times a week during the summer, is enough to improve your health and get the right dose of vitamin D.

Harm

Excessive sunbathing is harmful to health. Ultraviolet:

Accelerate skin photoaging (solar elastosis), which happens anyway, because we live under the sun. Excess UVA leads to the destruction of collagen fibers in tissues and sagging, wrinkled skin, which becomes dull and unattractive. UVB stimulates the growth of epidermal cells, which thicken and become rough.
Causes skin hyperpigmentation- the formation of unsightly yellow-brown areas that are very difficult to “remove”, and other benign anomalies of melanocytes: melanocytic nevi, freckles, lentigo.
Suppresses immune system responses(decrease in the number of T and B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin-G), in particular, cause activation of the herpes virus.
Dehydrates the skin, makes it dry, rough, dull, rough.
May cause photokeratoconjunctivitis, cataracts.
Is a risk factor for the development of melanoma– a malignant skin tumor that progresses at a high rate, and other types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma.

According to statistics, melanoma ranks 2nd in the prevalence of cancer pathology in young women, and every year this most dangerous disease is getting younger. Melanoma also ranks second in mortality after lung cancer. Melanoma can be provoked by both a natural UV source and an artificially created one, for example, a solarium.

According to statistics from the International Agency for Research on Skin Cancer, people with pale skin, blue eyes and blond or red hair (phototype 1), having freckles (pigmentation), a large number of moles, as well as people with a family history of this pathology occurred. In addition, according to the results of many years of research, it has been proven that the greatest danger in the development of melanoma is frequent sunburn.

Those who like to “fry” in the sun may grin and think that this is just another horror story, because many of them have been constantly tanning for a certain number of years and are alive and well. The damage from excess ultraviolet radiation does not appear immediately, but has a delayed effect: a cumulative effect develops, which can lead to skin cancer!

Tanning is a reaction of the skin in response to the damaging effects of solar radiation, which, by the way, affects human skin in any weather.

Under the influence of the sun, responses occur in the epidermis, and in special cells - melanocytes - the pigment melanin begins to be produced, which colors the skin in that very desired chocolate color. Moreover, UVA activates the melanin pigment already present in cells and is responsible for a quick tan, which quickly appears and disappears, while UVB stimulates the formation of new melanin and the development of a long-lasting tan.

It is clear from this that by tanning, our skin protects itself and the body as a whole from the further harmful effects of the sun, but does not improve its health in any way: a dark tan is equivalent to an SPF protection factor of 2-4. The implementation of this protection mechanism takes time, and you need to tan gradually, always using sunscreen. Remember this while basking in its rays, and do not violate the described rules of safe tanning!

How to sunbathe without harm to your health

Is sunbathing good or bad? The answer is ambiguous and lies on two sides of the scale:

useful if you follow the rules of safe tanning,
It is harmful if they are neglected.

The intensity of solar radiation increases:

approaching the equator;
in the mountains (up to 16% for every 1000 m above sea level);
near the water.

Sensitivity to solar radiation is greater:

immediately after winter or during winter (if a person goes to hot countries from the middle zone);
after physical activity;
when dehydrated;
after depilation and peeling, rejuvenating injections, permanent makeup;
in children, pregnant women and the elderly.

Basic rules for safe tanning

How to tan quickly in the sun without violating the recommendations? 7-10 days before sunbathing (for example, before a proposed vacation), start taking a complex of vitamins C, E and A, which are powerful antioxidants and block free radicals produced in the skin when exposed to UV radiation. For the same purpose, it is recommended to enrich the diet with carrots, tomatoes, apricots, citrus fruits, seafood and spinach.
At what temperature can you sunbathe?? Optimal temperature for sunbathing: 22-25 0 C. However, in resort conditions the temperature is always higher. That is why it is better to come to the beach early in the morning or at sunset.
Tan gradually. In the first days, for people with skin types 1 and 2, 5-10 minutes of sunbathing is enough, and for those who are naturally dark (skin types 3 and 4), this period can be increased to 15-20 minutes. Moreover, it is better to spend this time under a canopy or umbrella: on average, 65% of UV rays will still reach the skin.
Increase the duration of sunbathing gradually, adding 5-10 minutes every day.
How long can you sunbathe during the day?? The maximum time for safe continuous exposure to the sun, specifically tanning, is 60-120 minutes.
Avoid sunbathing between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is most active and there is a risk of getting burned.
What time to sunbathe? As for the safest time, it falls in the morning before 10 o'clock, and in the evening, after 17.00 and before sunset.
Use UVB sunscreens- and UVA protective filters, choosing the protection factor according to your skin type. There is a rule: the lighter and more sensitive the skin, the greater the degree of protection should be. For children, you should purchase creams with maximum protection factors. Apply them before going outside and even before going into the water - the surface of the water reflects the sun's rays, and 15-20 minutes of fun swimming can result in a sunburn. If the chosen cream is not waterproof, it should be applied to the skin again after bathing.
It is also very important to dry your skin with a towel after swimming., since water droplets attract the sun's rays and work like a magnifying glass, enhancing the tan.
We receive approximately half of the daily dose of ultraviolet radiation from reflected or scattered light, and the radiation intensity in this case can be even higher than when tanning in direct sunlight. Therefore, while under a canopy or umbrella, we must not forget about skin protective products.
The most sensitive to the sun- shoulders, knees, chest, forehead, nose. Often the ears, neck and lips remain unprotected - for some reason many people forget about these parts of the body. The product must be applied to the entire surface of the skin exposed to sunlight, and there are special balms for lips.
Topical sunscreen should be used to protect age spots and moles., and those that have a protection factor of SPF 50+. The second option is to seal these places with a small piece of plaster.
Protect your head with a cap or wide-brimmed hat: This is the prevention of sunstroke and protects hair from drying out and burning out. You can also apply special mousses with photoprotective properties to your hair.
Do not use tanning activators or products with a “crucible” effect.. They contain irritants that accelerate local blood circulation and the rate of tanning, significantly increasing the risk of burns. You should not use tanning oils - they, like water, attract the sun's rays.
Do not use decorative cosmetics and perfume when going to the beach: they can cause burns and focal depigmentation.
Wear quality sunglasses with 100% UV protection.
Choose light clothing, which is sewn from natural materials. Synthetics can transmit up to 50% of ultraviolet radiation and cause overheating of the skin.
Do not sunbathe on an empty stomach or immediately after eating.
Drink plenty of clean water while out in the sun. But you can’t drink alcohol, drink sweet soda, or strong coffee in the heat!
Get active sunbathing, for example by playing catch or walking along the coast. Lying in one position for a long time and motionless will slow down blood circulation and increase the risk of overheating. It is especially dangerous to sunbathe in the sun while sleeping - there is a high probability of not only a burn, but also sunstroke.
Don't forget to turn over every 4-5 minutes, if you sunbathe horizontally.
If your skin is red or you are burned- Avoid tanning until your skin is completely restored.

Can children sunbathe in the sun?

It’s possible, but the rules are even stricter:

Children should sunbathe only in the shade. For a child to tan, reflected sunlight is quite enough;
The skin should be protected with a cream with a protection factor of 30-50 SPF;
The head must be protected by a Panama hat; it is best to wear a cotton or linen T-shirt on the body;
You should give your child clean water to drink as often as possible.

Remember - the shorter your shadow, the higher the risk of burns! Why can't you sunbathe at noon? It's simple - the intensity of solar radiation during this period of time increases 10 times! And your skin suffers 10 times more damage!

Who is contraindicated for tanning?

Absolute contraindications to tanning are:

sun allergy, photodermatitis. Exposure to the sun leads to the development of hypersensitivity reactions;
treatment with drugs that have a photosensitizing effect: psoralen, psoberan, beroxan, ammifurin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fetothiazine derivatives and others. Even after short exposure to the sun, people taking these drugs may develop phototoxic and photoallergic reactions such as severe sunburn or prolonged allergic dermatitis;
Albinism is a congenital disease characterized by a complete absence of the melanin pigment. Such people need special protection in the sun, when exposed to it, visual impairment and sunburn develop;
oncological diseases of any localization. UV rays accelerate the growth of tumors and the likelihood of their metastasis;
mastopathy and condition after treatment of breast cancer. In the first case, the process may degenerate into a malignant one, and in the second, a relapse;
diseases of the thyroid gland and other endocrine organs in the acute stage. There is a high probability of developing autoimmune processes;
hyperthermia. In the sun, your body temperature will be even higher;
acute infectious processes. The body, weakened by infection, should not be exposed to sunlight - the course of the disease may worsen and serious complications may develop;
the early recovery period after peeling, anti-aging procedures, including beauty injections, Botox - tanning is fraught with burns, as well as a violation of the expected effect.
Relative contraindications to tanning are:
children's age up to 2-3 years. The skin of babies is very thin, has practically no subcutaneous protective layer, is characterized by increased sensitivity to sunlight and quickly “burns”;
elderly age. People over 60-65 years old, as a rule, already have a bunch of diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and exposure to the open sun can be dangerous - it can cause an exacerbation of the disease, a sharp jump in blood pressure and other life-threatening conditions;
pregnancy. Pregnant women usually do not tolerate heat well. In addition, being in the open sun can increase blood pressure, which poses a risk to the normal course of pregnancy. Almost all sources write that you should not sunbathe in the sun in the early and late stages of pregnancy: an increase in body temperature can provoke a miscarriage or premature birth. Increased production of melanin often leads to the appearance of focal pigmentation - chloasma. In any case, whether pregnant women can sunbathe in the sun should be checked with the gynecologist managing the pregnancy;
the presence of large dysplastic nevi - they are the ones that most often degenerate into cancer;
people suffering from chronic cardiovascular, autoimmune, endocrine diseases, and pathologies of the nervous system. Under the influence of UV, diseases can worsen and progress;
patients with benign neoplasms, as well as with so-called precancerous diseases. In both the first and second cases, there is a risk of developing cancer.

How to choose a sunscreen for safe sunbathing

The main purpose of any sunscreen is protective. “Bonus” effects such as moisturizing, skin regeneration and even tanning are rather advertising gimmicks: first of all, a sunscreen product should protect against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

All of them can be divided into 2 large groups - blocking (Sunblock) and ultraviolet screening. The former are preferable because they provide better protection and rarely cause allergies. It’s also good if the product is waterproof - you won’t have to reapply it after swimming.

The determining factor is the SPF protection factor, the value of which is calculated based on the minimum erythemal dose: the time of exposure to solar radiation, after which redness occurs on the skin. Essentially, this indicator indicates the degree of reduction in solar radiation that can be obtained when using the product. A good product should protect against both UVA and UVB.

For children and those with an “aristocratic” skin type (type 1), products with a protection factor of 50-60 SPF are suitable;
For people with skin type 2, creams with a protection factor of 25-30 SPF are suitable;
For everyone else, use products with 15-20 SPF protection.
The abbreviation PPD means that the product prevents skin aging and reduces the risk of developing melanoma.

Chemical compounds used as UV filters are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, benzophenone, camphor derivatives, salicylates, as well as a number of organic compounds - chamomile extract, aloe, shea butter and others.

As for the type of protective agent, the recommendations are conditional. People with oily and acne-prone skin are recommended to use light gels and fluids; those with dry skin are more suitable for creams.

After sunbathing, you can use products with vitamins B5, E, and dexpanthenol to soothe the skin and promote its regeneration.

Independent studies have shown that you cannot always trust the SPF value indicated on the jar. Also, among doctors there is no consensus on whether it is possible to prevent skin cancer by using sun cream. Clothing and avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun are considered more serious protection. But, if you go sunbathing, it is better to use the cream than to refuse it.

It should be understood that sunscreens are not intended to prolong the possibility of sun exposure, but to protect the skin from the harmful effects of sunlight during tanning, observing the recommended time.

Is it possible to tan without the sun?

This question is of particular interest to those for whom sunbathing is contraindicated or for certain reasons cannot sunbathe.

So, how to tan without the sun:

Using self-tanner. This is perhaps one of the safest ways (relatively) to get a beautiful skin tone. However, this method cannot be called “tanning”; rather, it is a substitute.
Visit to the solarium (fotaria). Artificial tanning machines have long been called a great evil, and there are often situations when girls go to the solarium all year round, turning into a grilled chicken with flabby, dry and unattractive skin. Initially, the solarium was used only for medicinal purposes, but today it has almost completely moved into the category of equipment for commercial use. The radiation intensity in the devices can be 10-15 times higher than solar radiation, and if people neglect the recommendations and visit the solarium uncontrollably, the harm to the skin is obvious (photoaging, the formation of free radicals). Experiments have proven an increased risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer when using a solarium.
Use of oral self-tanning medications. This method is prohibited in many countries because it is unsafe for health. The preparations contain canthaxanthin, a pigment that colors the skin (deposited in the tissues). The intensity of the “tanning” depends on the amount of the drug taken and the content of canthaxanthin. This pigment breaks off not only in the skin, but can also get onto the retina, causing severe irritation - canthaxanthin retinopathy. In addition to this serious complication, side effects such as skin itching, allergic rashes, diarrhea, nausea, drug-induced hepatitis and others often develop.

The entire arsenal of self-tanning products can be divided into 3 categories:

bronzers. Powders, creams and gels that are applied to the face and give the skin the desired shade;
tanning accelerators. A dangerous category of products that enhance the effects of ultraviolet rays. One of the main substances in their composition is tyrosine, which activates the synthesis of melanin. When using these products, the skin receives many times more harmful radiation.
self-tanning products (auto-bronzants). They stain the skin, but do not protect against ultraviolet radiation. Those. It is correct to call such skin colored, but not tanned - when going out into the sun, the risk of getting a sunburn is very high: there is no protection from UV rays!

So, the advantages of safe tanning methods without the sun:

The ability to acquire the desired skin tone without exposing yourself to the risk of burns and other problems. For example, in a situation where you are about to go out and pale skin does not enhance your appearance, self-tanning is the ideal solution.

Flaws:

As it turned out above, not all self-tanning products are safe, and not all are of high quality - they can stain not only the skin, but also clothes.
If you use such products constantly and uncontrollably, there will definitely be no benefit, much less beauty.
None of the listed remedies will have the beneficial effect that the sun's rays have when their exposure is moderate.

conclusions

The main negative impact of UV is the acceleration of skin photoaging and an increased risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer and melanoma. UV is especially dangerous for people with sensitive skin (type 1-2).

If a person is tanned in the sun and boasts of a beautiful “bronze” skin tone, this is far from a sign of health and well-being! In reality, it turns out the other way around - a bronze tan is an established evidence of a well-spent summer and vacation. Well, tanned skin in winter is almost the norm for wealthy people. In pursuit of a tan, people spend most of their holidays on the beach. Is it worth it for the hard-won color that will wash off in a couple of weeks?

If you want to remain healthy and attractive not only at 20-30 years old, but also at 40-50, you should not overuse sunbathing. The solar “excess” will certainly affect either your health or your appearance in the future.

Recently, self-tanning products have become increasingly popular. In this post I will not talk about the dangers of sun rays, solariums, and so on, but I will tell you everything I know about self-tanning as an alternative to tanning as such. And most importantly, how to get rid of a negative result.

Today, self-tanning is a safe alternative for obtaining a dark skin tone. Now even snow whites can choose a remedy for themselves without fear of getting sunburned. Although, in addition to this trouble, there are many others, such as melanoma, pigmentation, photosensitivity, skin diseases, which do not allow their owners to soak up the sun. But many people want to look like tanned beauties/handsome men not only in summer, but also in winter. This is why self-tanning products were developed.

Many of us have heard the terms “bronzant (bronzer, bronzer)” and “autobronzant”. So what's the difference?

Bronzing products contain coloring agents that quickly give the skin a rich chocolate tint immediately after application. The effect of such products is very short-lived, since these products are not friendly with water (we also read - tears, sweat, rain - anything can happen). When interacting with water, the paint begins to float and flow, leaving frightening stains. Bronzers easily stain clothes, especially white ones, in a “dirty” color, making their owners quite nervous. Applying such products is also problematic; it’s very easy to overdo it with a layer of bronzer and end up with war paint. And the tan from the bronzer itself lasts a maximum of one day, or even less if your plans include a shower or swimming in a pond. Therefore, let’s say at sea, bronzer will not become your friend and assistant. Ideally, cosmetologists recommend using bronzers in emergency cases (for example, in a hurry), using them only on open areas of the body and being extremely careful when wearing it.

How to apply: apply the bronzer to clean, exfoliated skin in a thin layer on the body and face. It is better to pre-lubricate your lips and eyebrows with any greasy cream to avoid getting the product on these areas. It is also not recommended to apply bronzer to the skin around the eyes and eyelids. It is not realistic to apply bronzer evenly over the entire body on your own, so you should ask for help from a third party or visit a beauty salon where a specialist will do this. Typically bronzers are not used for regular use. After use, carefully wash your hands with soap to avoid staining your palms.

At the moment, the range of bronzers has expanded significantly; they can be with double, triple, and more numerous pigments of both artificial and natural origin to obtain a deeper and more interesting shade. Available in the form of cream, lotion, spray, mousse and so on.

Examples of bronzers:

Flash Bronzer body gel-bronzer from Lancome with vitamin E

Sunshimmer Maxi Instant Tan Pump by Rimmel

Dream SunGlow Instant Shimmer Make-Up by Maybelline

KRON Strandspaziergang Bronzing Gel

Auto-bronzant is a product that gradually gives the skin a darker tint. The main active ingredient of absolutely all auto-bronzants without exception is dihydroxyacetone. It is he who, by entering into a chemical reaction with cellular proteins, gradually gives our skin a dark tint. Usually the effect is achieved an hour after application. The positive side of auto-bronzing products is the ease of adjusting the shade, which can be intensified with each re-application. Auto-bronzant appears only in the surface layer of the skin, so it lasts for about 3 days, since during this period the surface layer of the skin is usually renewed, old scales are peeled off, and new ones are regenerated in their place. It is recommended to renew this product every 3 days to maintain the desired effect. Auto-bronzant does not stain clothes and, if the application rules have been followed, is washed off from the skin gradually and naturally. The disadvantages of such products are that if applied unevenly, streaks and spots are possible. Auto-bronzing agent in aerosol form reduces this risk significantly; it is already applied in a thin layer and all you have to do is rub it in. Some manufacturers add a so-called color indicator so that we can see where and how much product we have applied.

What is the difference between cheap auto-bronzants “from the market” and more expensive professional or luxury brands? They have one similarity - as a result, your skin will acquire the promised tan. So is it worth paying more? It's definitely worth it. Self-tanning “from the market” is a kind of dummy; such a product cannot boast of any skincare properties. A professional product or a luxury brand product will focus on care or a stunning visual effect by adding anti-aging serums, moisturizing bases, vitamins, extracts and extracts, reflective particles, UV filters and so on. Auto-bronzants are available in the form of cream, serum, gel, aerosol, spray, mousse, wipes, etc. Due to the popularity of auto-bronzants, various products have been developed, so in the West such cosmetics are usually called body care products with a tanning effect.

Why are auto bronzers divided into “for the face” and “for the body”? The skin on the face has its own characteristics, it is denser in structure and the sebaceous glands do their job. And the skin of the face is more sensitive to the component, so the facial product is developed taking these features into account, and this is why it is not recommended to apply a product intended for the body to the face. But some manufacturers still manage to combine 2 products into one.

You should also pay special attention to the packaging and check the expiration date for the hundredth time. Usually it is only 1 year. An expired product will, at a minimum, leave stains, and at a maximum, will definitely cause an allergic reaction.

How to apply: it is recommended to apply the auto-bronzant in a thin layer to clean skin after preliminary peeling. When peeling, it is recommended to pay special attention to the elbows and knees. When applying to the face, apply the rich cream to the eyebrows and lips, avoiding the eye area. When applying auto-bronzant to the body, rub it in a circular motion until absorbed; knees and elbows are treated in a bent state so that the skin is taut, but a minimal amount of product is applied (it can be easily passed through). After the procedure, hands must be washed carefully with soap. Within an hour, it is not recommended to play sports, tinker in the water, and if the product is absorbed slowly, it is not recommended to wear clothes. Fortunately, modern auto-bronzants are absorbed quite quickly and during this hour you can go about your business, following basic rules.

Examples of auto bronzers:

Auto-bronzants from Dior

Autobronzant Self-Tanning Lotion for Body Self Tanning by Lierac

Auto-bronzant for face and body from Vichi

Olay Complete Care Everyday Sunshine Moisturizer Light Sunkissed Glow

Light tan series from Garnier

Sublime Bronze series from L'Oreal

Self-tanning lotions from Dove

Self-tanning body spray from Yves Rocher

Bronze Godness jn Estee Lauder auto bronzers

Automotive bronzers from Lancaster
and many others.

In conclusion, I would like to say that in case of unsuccessful application, the spotted color can be washed off with lemon juice or hydrogen peroxide. So be open to experimentation!

Thank you for your attention!
I am Yulia.

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