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The theme of the work on spiritual and moral education. Work experience "spiritual and moral education in a special boarding school"

Effective forms of educational work of teachers in spiritual and moral education.

Grubbe L.O.

primary school teacher

“You can’t teach a person to be happy,

but bring him up

to make him happy.”

Makarenko A.S.

One of the most important problems of our time is the spiritual and moral development of the individual. And this requires an eternal search for mutual enrichment of kindness, truth, beauty in a person. Faith in the student is able to give rise to the creativity of the teacher, and in a joint search, the teacher and student rise to the secrets of spiritual and moral ascent, which are defined through the categories of "meaning" and "goal".

When does the spiritual and moral education of a person begin? Such education must begin from birth. The child must be surrounded by an atmosphere of benevolence and love, kindness and purity of relations both in the family and at school. The desire to understand the phenomenon of spirituality leads us to the idea of culture. Culture affects the entire inner and moral world of the child - aspiration for the future, value orientations, interests and needs, feelings and mind. In accordance with them, a person acts in all spheres of life, which determines his social and moral maturity, i.e. spiritual maturity. The character traits of such a person are sincerity and kindness, love and compassion, faith in the future and creative work for the prosperity of the Fatherland. Truthfulness and honesty, justice and respect for elders, willingness to serve for the benefit of others - these qualities of a person are the best measure of his spirituality.

It is here that we come to the most important category of education - spiritual and moral health, which is possible if the class teacher observes the following steps in the educational process:

development of the emotional sphere (education of moral feelings);

ethical education (formation of moral consciousness);

practical activity of an ethical orientation (education of sustainable skills of moral behavior).

I, as a class teacher and teacher teaching such subjects as "Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia" and "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures", in my work on organizing the activities of students, I rely on the following principles:

openness (joint planning - class teacher + pupils + parents).

The attractiveness of the future business (to captivate children with the end result)

Activity ( active participation in events)

co-creation (the right to choose a partner in the case being carried out)

success (to celebrate real success)

Based on this, I use various pedagogical means:

Individual pedagogical support;

Co-management and elements of self-government;

Group activity;

Immersion in culture;

Interaction of the individual in the educational environment of the school and with the surrounding society;

Artistic and aesthetic life;

Traditions.

Important in the work on the education of morality is to awaken the inner activity of the individual as a subject of self-knowledge, self-development, self-improvement in activities, relationships, communication.

I work with students on spiritual and moral development in the following areas:

Spiritual

Cultural and aesthetic

Social

spiritual direction

A visit to the RDC Kormilovsky, our museums, exhibitions enrich the moral world of schoolchildren, develop aesthetic taste. Participation in various competitions, performances makes children more relaxed and cultured in communication. Many reveal their talents as an artist, reader, singer, storyteller and others. The listed activity forms the norms and rules of behavior, expands moral ideas.

Processcultural and aesthetic education and development is multifaceted. I will dwell on one of the forms of work in this direction - the class hour. The problems of hard work, thrift, politeness, kindness, mutual assistance and others are discussed at class hours. They aim to enrich moral ideas, to acquaint with the rules of behavior, to exercise in the culture of behavior. Children develop an evaluative attitude to their own behavior, to the actions of other people.

Working insocial direction, I try to prepare my pupils to interact with each other in various life situations, to take responsibility, to work successfully in a group, to interact with other people.

Generous, faithful in his feelings and relationships;

polite, gentle in handling;

good-natured by nature;

friendly, affectionate towards people;

compassionate, caring, attentive, expressing participation;

peace-loving, merciful, ready to help another.

To other people

Reception in the house of a traveler, unexpectedly arrived relatives or friends; assistance and moral support to the sick, injured, neighbor; the ability to forgive offense and the absence of rancor;

forgiveness of others' mistakes.

Active, energetic;

conscientious, executive, honestly fulfilling his duties;

diligent, diligent, dexterous;

solid, industrious, able to work and loving to work;

diligent, economic.

To labor

Feasible participation in the creation of prosperity in the family;

understanding the value of labor;

respect for the land, for bread, for human labor.

Full of self-respect;

original, not like others.

To myself

Honest fulfillment of the obligations assumed;

give no reason for insult;

observance of moral purity.

Thus, the essence of spiritual and moral education is in the formation and development of the pupil's qualities that manifest themselves in the system of value relations and are expressed in actions, deeds, judgments, and assessments.

However, students learn the theoretical norms of morality, but not all of them are embodied in dailyactivities. Therefore, we can identify the following contradiction between the acquired knowledge and its manifestations in the environment (street, family and other public places). This problem needs to be worked on in the future.

Through educational activities (solving educational problems at each lesson).

Through extracurricular and extracurricular activities:

extracurricular activities, circle work;

conversations, classroom hours of moral and spiritual content.

holding joint holidays;

excursions, targeted walks, games of spiritual and moral content;

viewing slides of films, videos, using audio recordings and technical teaching aids;

competitions, quizzes, holidays, exhibitions of children's creativity, creative evenings, themed matinees;

business and role-playing games, playing situations, discussions;

modeling, design;

meeting interesting people;

collective creative affairs of students;

needlework and all kinds of creative artistic activities of children;

presentation of books of spiritual and moral education;

Interest in the upbringing of the spiritual and moral personality has never faded away. But at the beginning of the 21st century, when socio-economic relations came to the fore, the attitude towards moral and value norms and human behavior in society also changed.

The biggest danger that lies in wait in the modern world is the degradation of a person as a person.

Joint parent meeting with children is an effective educational method

Features of moral education

Negative features began to appear in spiritual and moral education: computers and thoughtless TV viewing pushed books into the background, live communication was replaced by virtual SMS.

The material side of life began to dominate over the spiritual, so the idea of kindness, mercy, compassion and patriotism was distorted in children.

What is spiritual and moral education - components

The upbringing of morality in a child is based on the interaction of three main pillars: a general educational institution or a kindergarten, a family and the child itself. At the present stage, the leading position is occupied by the interaction of the educator-parent. It consists in the exchange of experience, knowledge, thoughts and experiences.

Families and kindergarten are two priority places where the full formation of a person as a person takes place.

Moral foundations - the goal of spiritual and moral education

The family is the key to moral education

The weak point in the formation of correct moral ideas is the family. Many parents do not even suspect that already at preschool age, social norms, moral requirements and various patterns of behavior in the course of imitation, most often parents, begin to form in children. Therefore, the main task in moral education is to convey to the family that it is in it that the customs and family values transmitted long ago and the new ones created by them should be preserved and transmitted by it. It must be conveyed that the family is responsible for the upbringing of children.

Family values are the basis of spiritual and moral education

New, modern traditions include a family Saturday evening, a joint trip to the skating rink, to the cinema. An excellent decision would be to choose a family holiday that will be significant for this particular family. It can be New Year, birthday or March 8th.

Tip: you need to devote as much time as possible to communicating with your child. Read books to him, watch cartoons together, be interested in his life and hobbies.

Frames from good cartoons

When watching cartoons, it is better to give preference to good Soviet cartoons, rather than modern American ones. “The influence of modern cartoons on the development and upbringing of children” will be an excellent topic for the next parent-teacher meeting or consultation.

Tasks, forms and goals of spiritual and moral education in the family

The tasks that parents should set themselves are simple:

to teach children to distinguish between good and evil, to teach to do good and be merciful;
to form a sense of respect, love for their homeland;
to focus on the moral education of preschoolers in the family, by familiarizing themselves with the traditional foundations of the family.

Forms of work with parents on spiritual and moral education in the family:

parent meetings on spiritual and moral topics;
discussion evenings;
open demonstration performances of teachers;
attracting parents for joint activities: holding exhibitions, competitions, theatrical performances;
individual consultative meetings with specialists: psychologist, teacher and educator;
excursions with children;
active participation of parents in the life of a kindergarten or school (assistance in landscaping the site, in minor repairs, joint preparation of holidays)
common leisure with the parent.

In joint spiritual and patriotic education with parents, it is necessary to set the following goals: the formation in children of a positive attitude towards people and the world around them; Acquaintance with the ability to show compassion to people; learn to take responsibility for their actions.

Working with parents - joint activities

Educational institution as a means of spiritual and moral education

Before starting educational work with parents on the moral education of children, it is necessary to carry out diagnostic measures. Identify problem areas, topics that interest parents the most. More often, parents are interested in sensitive periods, crisis jumps in development and the preschooler's readiness for school.

Forms of work on spiritual and moral education

In socialization classes, it would be appropriate to introduce children to the professions of their relatives. To form in them a conscientious attitude to any business.

An excellent holiday where children and parents will interact directly will be: a sports and entertainment holiday on February 23 and a Mom's holiday by March 8.

Matinees for younger students - one of the methods of education

Important: parents of older preschool children (6 years old) should remember that the level of development of the cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres still remains at the level of a younger preschooler, where the main activity is still a game. Try to convey serious things in a playful way.

The relationship of moral and patriotic education

Spiritual and moral education is closely intertwined with patriotic education, because love for one's home, city, Motherland entails respect and love for one's family. Currently, more and more families are trying to involve children in getting acquainted with the history of their region and humanity as a whole. The right decision would be to jointly view photo books, films, visit ethnic museums, galleries, themed celebrations. The celebration of Maslenitsa can be attributed to thematic festivities. It is it that allows you to visually and practically get acquainted with the traditions and customs of your people.

Patriotic education is one of the main components of spiritual and moral development

Children tend to commit rash, emotionally charged actions.

But against their background, anyway, you can see the positive dynamics in moral education. Children can already evaluate their actions and reactions, they have learned to see the actions of other people, to distinguish between good and bad deeds, the skill of showing mercy and responsiveness has been formed.

Education of love for the motherland - the relevance of experience

The upbringing of spiritual and moral ideas is not a matter of one day or even a month.

This is the daily work of parents and teachers, aimed at the formation of tolerance, respect for the family and the native land.

MDOU kindergarten N4, Kola, Murmansk region

The system of work on spiritual and moral education with children of senior preschool age

Kazakova Valentina Vladimirovna

caregiver

Altynbayeva Olga Genadievna

caregiver

Dobretsova Oksana Alexandrovna

defectologist teacher

Work systemon spiritual and moral educationwith older preschool children.

Nomination: spiritual, moral and civic education of children.

Preschool childhood is an important period in a child's life, when a sense of one's own abilities, the need for independent activity, basic ideas about the world around, good and evil in it, ideas about family life and native land are formed.

That is why at present it is extremely important to create a normally functioning system of spiritual and moral education in preschool institutions, a system built on the values of traditional spiritual culture that meets the needs of the development of the child's personality and is aimed at developing a physically, mentally (mentally) and spiritually healthy person.

The problem arises: how to make sure that the child is internally free, and outwardly educated? If we want children to love their country in the future and strive to make life better in it, we need to lay the foundation for this love. The child, first of all, must learn the best that his compatriots have achieved and understand that these achievements are the result of the work of individuals in various fields.

What might interest a child? Our centuries-old history and culture. Patience, kindness, generosity, mercy, the desire for spirituality - this is what has always been at the heart of the life and traditions of the Russian people.

The catchphrase "Everything starts from childhood" - is combined with this issue as well as possible. Thinking about the origins of moral feelings, we always turn to the impressions of childhood: these are native tunes, and the sunrise, and the murmur of spring streams. Education of the child's feelings from the first years of life is an important pedagogical task. A child is not born good or evil, moral or immoral. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents, teachers and adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they enrich.

“Let the child feel the beauty and admire it, let the images in which the Motherland is embodied be forever preserved in his heart and memory.” V.A. Sukhomlinsky.

Our educational institution has been working with children on spiritual and moral education for several years, close goal which is to lay the foundations for a correct perception of the world, a sense of compassion, mercy, good communication, and the long-term goal is to educate the future generation with spiritual and moral values that respect the cultural, historical past and present of their native country.

To achieve these goals, we solve the following tasks:

1. Raise a positive attitude of children towards the world around them, other people and themselves.

2. Strengthen the ability to sympathize, show responsiveness and justice.

3. Enrich the vocabulary of children with formulas of verbal politeness (greeting, farewell, requests, apologies).

4. To give elementary ideas about the history of mankind through acquaintance with works of art, games, folklore and productive activities.

5. Expand your understanding of the forms of traditional family life.

6. Develop a respectful attitude towards the work of close adults.

7. Teach a sense of responsibility for their deeds and actions.

The educational system that has developed in the preschool educational institution for the spiritual and moral development of the personality of a preschooler contributes to a holistic spiritual, moral and social development, the formation of an inner world and is aimed at developing the moral position of the child.

Educational system approaches:

- content component - mastery of children, accessible to age, the volume of ideas and concepts about the world around: the social structure of society, the life of the people, the history of the country, culture, traditions of the people, the nature of the native land;

- emotionally motivating- experience by a person of a positive emotional attitude to the acquired knowledge, the world around him, showing interest in this information, the need to expand his horizons, the desire to participate in socially useful work;

-active component- the realization of emotionally felt and conscious knowledge in activity, the presence of a complex of moral and volitional qualities, the development of which ensures an effective attitude towards the environment.

Principles for the implementation of work:

The principle of encyclopedia (the child forms ideas and knowledge about everything that surrounds him);

The principle of cultural conformity (taking into account national values and traditions in education);

The principle of systematicity, consistency, continuity in training. By following this principle, you can achieve a positive result in your work;

The principle of performance. It assumes the obligatory communication of the educator with the child, finding out what and how he understood, felt. To this end, teachers develop questionnaires, tests;

The principle of development of intrinsically valuable forms of activity. In accordance with this principle, our pupils get the opportunity to learn about the world through those activities that are most attractive to them.

Implementation period: 1 year.

Expected results:

As a result of the implementation of the work, the students will form the following ideas:

about family traditions, about the peculiarities of family relations;

about spiritual and moral values;

about the value attitude to a healthy lifestyle, to the world around them;

about the history and culture of their country;

· learn to protect and maintain beauty;

show empathy, empathy, empathy.

In the course of solving the tasks set for the spiritual and moral education of children, we organize them through the following forms of the educational process:

Organized educational activities.

Ø Leisure, entertainment.

Ø Excursions.

Competitions, exhibitions.

Forms of work on spiritual and moral education:

A cycle of classes called “Lessons of kindness”, the purpose of which is to educate moral values and to know oneself in the world of people;

Acquaintance with calendar Orthodox and folk holidays and holding some of them (Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, Christmas Christmas time, Shrovetide, Easter, Annunciation, Trinity);

Thematic exhibitions of children's creativity;

Acquaintance of children with the life of Orthodox saints and defenders of the Russian land, as an example of high spirituality and morality;

Excursions to the temple in order to get acquainted with the features of architecture, internal structure, iconography;

Excursions to nature (the beauty of God's world);

Listening to bell and sacred music at thematic music lessons using appropriate recordings;

Staging skits on moral topics (about forgiveness, hard work, respect for elders).

We use various activities and forms of work with children, but the most important thing for us is the emotional impact on their feelings. Spiritual and moral education of a child is a complex pedagogical process. It is based on the development of moral feelings. The development of spiritual and moral feelings begins in a child with relationships to the family, to the closest people - to mother, father, grandmother, grandfather. These are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment. (Subjects: “Mother and child”, “Family, home”, “Obedience and disobedience”, “On friendship and friends”, “Who is my neighbor?”, “Greed and generosity”, “Truth and lies”, “How do we visit?", "Conscience", "Gratitude", "Eternity", "Envy", "Mercy, sympathy", "Hard work", "Modesty", "On the friendship of boys and girls", "Courage and cowardice" , “Kind words and good deeds”, “Books are our friends”, “Poverty and wealth”).

It is known that at preschool age, the closest and most understandable activity for a child is a game. In working with children, we use collective games, exercises, games, dramatizations, games, fairy tales, role-playing games. With the help of the game, you can solve a variety of correctional tasks: the same game for one child can be a means of overcoming fear, increasing self-esteem; for another - a means of providing a tonic effect, for the third - a school for the development of moral feelings, humane relations with peers. We conduct such games and exercises: “Let's greet each other”; “Pick a picture for “good” and “bad”; game "Guest - host"; "You are in the theater"; "Talking on the phone"; “Draw a gift for a friend (mother…)”; "At the birthday party"; "Name day"; “If a friend feels bad…”; “Learning to communicate ...” (finish the phrase).

In our work, we pay special attention to dramatization games. We choose fairy tales of such an orientation that bring up moral qualities in children. Children of senior preschool age participate in the dramatization of their favorite fairy tales, involving the kids in various game moments.

One of the important means of spiritual and moral education is the system of holidays. State holidays are held solemnly, they carry pronounced educational tasks. Folk holidays are more educational in nature, so they are dressed up, playing roles, drinking tea. For example, our children really like to celebrate Maslenitsa, which is held annually within the walls of the kindergarten. Easter takes the form of an educational journey. We tell the children the history of the holidays, accompanying the story with a video sequence (illustrations, presentations). During the Christmas week, children dress up in costumes. Children develop respect for folklore, for the origins of folk culture.

One of the main tasks of our preschool educational institution: "enriching the child's spiritual experience through spiritual and moral education, through a subject-developing environment, the formation of a citizen and patriot of the Russian Federation, education in the spirit of respect for the traditions of their people and other peoples living nearby."

"Of sacred deeds, the most sacred is education." Saint Theophan the Recluse.

The crisis state of the spiritual and moral sphere of society and the family, as well as all the problems of society, of course, are reflected in the spiritual and moral health of modern children. Spiritual and moral education of the younger generation is the direction that life itself has put forward at the moment as a priority in the education system. XXI century... Today Russia is going through one of the difficult historical periods, but the biggest danger that awaits our society is that material values dominate spiritual ones, and children's ideas about kindness, mercy, generosity, justice, citizenship and patriotism are distorted. Spiritual and moral education must be addressed already at preschool age, as the most emotional and receptive period of childhood, when "hearts are open to virtue." The greatest danger that lies in wait for our society today is not in the collapse of the economy, not in the change of the political system, but in the destruction of the individual. The high level of juvenile delinquency is caused by a general increase in aggressiveness and cruelty in society. Children are distinguished by emotional, strong-willed and spiritual immaturity. Mankind is trying to keep peace and tranquility in its home, to protect children from evil, cruelty and aggression of the surrounding world. From time immemorial, the Word of God sounded in Russia somehow in a special way. No wonder Russia was often called Holy. At that time, there was no such organizational system of preschool education that we have today. And at the moment, having experienced the devastating consequences of atheism, turning our faces to the spiritual ideals that do not pass, we are obliged to preserve and pass on the Divine fire of Orthodox culture to the next generations. It is the first steps in the spiritual education of preschoolers that are the joy of joining the Orthodox traditions of the village of Sukharevo. Preschool childhood is an important period in a child's life, when a sense of one's own abilities, the need for independent activity, basic ideas about the world around, good and evil in it, ideas about family life and native land are formed. “Everything starts from childhood” - indeed, thinking about the origins of moral feelings, we always turn to childhood impressions - this is the trembling of lace from young birch leaves, and native tunes, and the sunrise, and the murmur of spring streams. Education of the child's feelings from the first years of life is an important pedagogical task. A child is not born evil or good, moral or immoral. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents, teachers and adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they enrich. Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving the internal change of each participant, which may be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, but does not reduce the significance of our work. “Let the child feel the beauty and admire it, let the images in which the Motherland is embodied be forever preserved in his heart and memory”. V.A. Sukhomlinsky.
The essence of education is to sow and nurture in the souls of our children the seeds of love for their home, family, nature, history, culture and spiritual wealth of our people. Our work on the spiritual and moral education of children is planned in accordance with the "Basic Educational Program". Taking into account this program, we have chosen the necessary guidelines for the spiritual, moral and patriotic education of children, set ourselves the task of teaching children to be proud of their roots, their ancestry, the history of their people, to love the Motherland as it is!
What might interest a child? Our centuries-old history and culture, patience, kindness, generosity, mercy, the desire for spirituality - this is what has always been at the heart of the life and traditions of the Russian people. Since the habits and values laid down in childhood will become the moral foundation for making vital decisions in the future.
The aim of our work is:
1. Studying the history, culture, natural and ecological originality of the native land, Russia.
2. Formation of civic consciousness, love for the motherland, family, mother.
In our kindergarten, the necessary conditions have been created for organizing work on spiritual and moral education. This, for example, is our pride mini-corner "Russian hut", where children get the opportunity not only to look, but to pick up household items, antiques, tell each other about them. Here we introduce children to folklore. There is also an Immortal Regiment corner dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, where photographs of our countrymen, awards, albums and much more are presented. Working in these corners helps to awaken in children a love for their native land, forming such character traits that will help them become a worthy person and citizen of their homeland. The feeling of love for the Motherland is one of the strongest feelings. Without it, a person does not feel his roots, does not know the history of his people, country. Kindergarten workers and parents take an active part in creating a subject-spatial environment. The kindergarten has a patriotic corner, zones of patriotic education, where teachers carry out educational activities. To achieve the goal of spiritual and moral education, we use the following forms of work in the preschool educational institution:
- Organized educational activities.
- Joint activities of teachers with children in sensitive moments.
- Independent activities of children.
We implement these forms of work through the following activities:
*Orthodox holidays: "Easter", "Christmas", "Shrovetide", "Spasy", "Gatherings", "Feast of the Russian birch", etc.
*Competitions;
*Reading children's Orthodox literature ("Children's Bible");
*Conversations on moral, spiritual, patriotic topics ("Beginnings of wisdom", "50 lessons on good qualities", "Help your neighbor", "My home is Russia", etc.);
*Educational projects (“Glory to our side, Glory to Russian antiquity! So that children can know about the affairs of their native land!”);
* Consideration of book illustrations and photographs;
*Use in the work of the presentation;
*Productive activities, exhibitions "Christmas" and "Easter", "Birthday of the book", "Take care of all life", "Day seven, love and fidelity".
We attach great importance to excursions.
Excursions to the monument to fallen soldiers, to our mini-museum in the library, to artists from Moscow introduce children to the heroic past of our people, provide fertile ground for raising a worthy citizen of the country, a patriot of their homeland. Trips to the temple and the monastery complex develop such qualities as kindness, patience, mercy, discipline children.
Love for the motherland begins with love for the mother. A person begins with his relationship to his mother. On Mother's Day, gatherings with mothers and grandmothers are held annually in the garden. Kids delight their mothers with touching poems and songs and, of course, give crafts made with love and warmth with their own hands. A child who treats his mother with care and love will undoubtedly show the same feelings for his homeland.
The celebration of Mother's Day never leaves indifferent neither children nor mothers.
We use various forms of work on spiritual and moral education, which allows us to interest children and motivate organized educational activities. The kindergarten has its own mission: first of all, to make children happy and healthy. So that every day the kids stay in kindergarten, they add confidence in themselves and in their abilities, so that communication becomes a lesson in human dignity and mutual respect, so that everyone finds their talent and sphere of genuine interest in life, so that they make friends, rejoice and love.
A teacher for a preschooler is the first person after his parents, teaching him the rules of life in society, expanding his horizons, shaping his interaction in human society. He bears a huge responsibility for today's and future life of the pupil, which requires high professionalism and great mental strength from the teacher.
We must also remember that children are our reflection. First of all, we ourselves must become carriers of the spiritual and moral culture that we strive to instill in children. Therefore, the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of modern domestic education. The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” (Article 2, Clause 2) states that education should be aimed at developing the individual on the basis of “sociocultural, spiritual and moral values and rules and norms of behavior adopted in society in the interests of a person, family, society and state.

One of the main directions of national pedagogy today is addressed to the spiritual and moral values of Russian education and upbringing. This direction is currently the most promising, since it is associated with the restoration of traditions, way of life, historical continuity of generations, the preservation, dissemination and development of national cultures and the development of a careful attitude to the historical heritage of the Russian people. This is exactly what is lacking in our modern society.

Based on the foregoing, our kindergarten began work on spiritual and moral education from the moment it was opened, i.e. since November 2010. We, teachers of the kindergarten in the village of Sukharevo, Valuysky district, Belgorod region, also decided to pay special attention to this. And that is why one of the main tasks of our preschool educational institution for the 2017-2018 academic year was:
"enriching the child's spiritual experience through spiritual and moral education, through a subject-developing environment, the formation of a citizen and patriot of the Russian Federation, education in the spirit of respect for the traditions of their people and other peoples living nearby."
We solve this problem through organized educational activities, play activities during regime moments, the formation of a developing environment in the group and the premises of the kindergarten.
That is why at present it is extremely important to create a normally functioning system of spiritual and moral education in a preschool institution; a system built on the values of traditional spiritual culture, meeting the needs of the development of the child's personality and aimed at the development of a physically, mentally and spiritually healthy person.

After analyzing the personnel, parental potential that has developed in our kindergarten, the material conditions for organizing the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers, the team determined the goals and objectives of the work, the solution of which seems possible only through the inclusion of all its participants in the educational process. The work of our preschool institution can be represented by a set of measures aimed at realizing the tasks of the spiritual and moral education of preschool children in the conditions of structural interaction "teacher - child - family".

The organization of spiritual and moral education in our preschool institution on the basis of the interaction of all subjects of the educational space is carried out through the implementation of the following tasks:

The study of pedagogical literature on the problem;

Identification of the features of the organization of spiritual and moral development in the system of interaction;

Creation of conditions for the organization of this work in kindergarten;

Improving the professional competence and moral potential of preschool teachers.

The implementation of the tasks set is carried out in several directions. Methodological work is aimed at increasing the level of theoretical knowledge of teachers about Orthodox culture and education, mastering various forms and methods of spiritual and moral development of children in various activities, as well as determining the main areas of interaction with the families of pupils. For this purpose, a plan of methodical work with personnel was developed. During the implementation of the plan, the following were held: theoretical seminars, a master class, counseling was organized on various aspects of spiritual and moral education, and the study of methodological literature. Teachers selected and analyzed materials on various areas of the spiritual and moral development of children, which were systematized into sections:

Orthodox holidays in kindergarten;

Productive activity in spiritual and moral education;

Advisory and information material for parents;

Game activity in spiritual and moral education.

A master class was organized, which allowed teachers to master the practical methods and techniques of working with children on spiritual and moral education in various types of children's activities. In the process of work, teachers got acquainted with the temples of the Valuysky district and the Belgorod region, their historical past, interior decoration.

The creation of conditions for the implementation of the spiritual and moral education of children in the conditions of interaction included the organization of the subject-developing space of a preschool institution. The decoration used elements of Orthodox culture: icons, candlesticks. Card files of word games of spiritual and moral content, finger games, puzzles, crossword puzzles, riddles, proverbs and sayings were created, didactic games were made to familiarize preschoolers with Orthodox culture, within the framework of the project, albums of various subjects are drawn up: “Temples of the Belgorod Region”, “Temples of the Valuyskaya Land » «Holy places of Russia», «Orthodox saints». Parents are provided with information about Orthodox holidays and family traditions in the villages of Sukharevo and Kurgashki, literature for family reading, advisory material on the spiritual and moral development of children, thematic exhibitions of photographs, crafts, and drawings are periodically held. Memos and consultations are being developed on the topics "Orthodox holidays in winter", "Teachers' advice on the spiritual and moral education of children" and others.

Our preschool institution has its own small library, where theoretical and practical material is collected:

Literature for children (children's bible, stories and parables for children, poems, coloring books);

Literature for parents and teachers;

Demonstration and handout material for organized educational activities;

Games on spiritual and moral education;

Illustrations.

The organization of work in the "teacher - children" system is aimed at the formation of spiritual and moral consciousness and self-awareness in preschoolers, the development of moral qualities, moral behavior. Educators integrate the spiritual and moral content of education into various types of children's activities:

Game: holding finger games "Temple"; didactic "Collect a flower", "Traces are virtues", "Say the opposite"; constructive "Lay out of sticks", "Modeling of the temple"; verbal, mobile, fun games, folk and round dance games. In organizing role-playing games, teachers take into account the moral side of role-playing interaction: the doctor not only treats the sick, he empathizes, shows mercy and compassion, the teacher is patient and friendly, the seller is honest and conscientious;

Productive activities: making crafts for relatives and birthdays, for Orthodox holidays, drawings based on works of art;

Theatrical activity allows you to embody moral feelings in simulated situations "What would you do?", "Let's make peace." In the cultural and aesthetic block, the musical director enriches the impressions of children, they get acquainted with spiritual music, folk song and dance art. Children are always looking forward to the holidays, to which parents are invited "Svyatki", "Christmas", "Angel's Day".

The system "teacher - parents". Interaction with families is organized in several directions. The educational direction involves holding events for parents, revealing the issues of spiritual and moral development and upbringing of children. The topics of the meetings are devoted to family traditions, the spiritual and moral foundations of the family way of life, the annual circle of holidays in the life of the family (“I am a family, kind, people”, “Aggression in the life of a child”). Teachers involve the families of pupils in the design of photo exhibitions “To the temple with the whole family”, “Name day in the family circle”, “To holy places”, making crafts for Orthodox holidays. A new and, as it turned out, productive form of work with the family for us was a weekend trip. Parents are interested in compiling the genealogical tree of their family, creating mini-museums, designing various exhibitions. This contributes to the active involvement of parents in the process of spiritual and moral education, family unity, and the revival of family traditions. The organization of interaction with the family involves holding family holidays of the secular and church calendar with the participation of parents and children in their preparation and conduct, enriching the joint leisure of parents and children with excursions, trips, conducting joint classes with children, participation of parents in theatrical performances of moral content.

The creation of a unified system of spiritual and moral education in a preschool institution based on the interaction of all participants in the educational process has brought positive results. It is possible to trace the positive dynamics of the level of moral development of pupils: preschoolers have the necessary knowledge and ideas about moral norms and rules of behavior in various situations, they can give a moral assessment of their behavior and the actions of other people, they can see the state of other people, show responsiveness. The most important criterion for evaluating spiritual and moral education in the context of interaction between teachers, children and parents can be considered the ability of children to apply knowledge about moral norms and rules in independent activities, to show attention and mercy, help. This is reflected in the games and communication of children with peers, attitudes towards older and younger, to nature.

Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving the internal change of each participant, which may be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, but does not reduce the significance of our work. Within the kindergarten, the teacher is given important powers: he is entrusted with parental authority, he not only teaches and educates children, he gives food to the mind and heart. Realizing that the educator is dealing with inexperienced, open and unprotected children, we can conclude that there is tremendous trust in the bearer of this high title.

Our work on the spiritual and moral education of children is based on a comprehensive program "From birth to school » under the editorship of N.E.Veraksa, educational area "Cognitive development". Teachers also draw information and interesting material from the partial program on Orthodox culture "Good World" ed. L.L. Shevchenko and use technologies from the program “Socialization of preschoolers by means of spiritual and moral culture” by A.V. Peresypkina., “Introduction of older preschoolers to the traditions of their native land” by L.O. Timofeeva, partial regional programs have become a great help in the work “ Come out to play in the yard” by L.N. Voloshina, “Hello, the world of Belogorye” by L.V. Serykh.

Objective: To lay the foundations of a spiritual and moral personality with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement and harmonious interaction with other people.

Tasks:

To introduce children to the spiritual and moral tradition of the Russian people;

Contribute to the overall development of the child, instilling in him love for the Motherland (family, loved ones, Russian culture, Russian language, nature).

To form moral consciousness and moral assessments;

Help children learn social skills and behaviors through shared activities and mutual assistance.

Forms of work on spiritual and moral education:

Acquaintance with calendar Orthodox and folk holidays and holding some of them (Maslenitsa, towards Easter)

Thematic exhibitions of children's creativity,

Acquaintance of children with the life of Orthodox saints and defenders of the Russian land, as an example of high spirituality and morality, patriotism in the form of a story using video films, children's literature before the day of memory of the saint as a separate lesson or as part of a lesson to familiarize oneself with others before Defender of the Fatherland Day, Victory Day .

Excursions to the temple in order to get acquainted with the features of architecture,

Excursions to nature (the beauty of God's world)

Listening to bell and sacred music at the thematic organized educational activities for musical education using appropriate recordings,

Staging skits on moral topics (about forgiveness, hard work, respect for elders).

First, people learn Christian love in their own family, then to all their loved ones, and then to all people, so we begin our work on spiritual and moral education with the education of love for the mother through:

Questionnaires to identify the formed knowledge in children about the mother and attitude towards her, analysis together with the children of their answers;

Reading fairy tales, which most clearly show the power of maternal love, her wisdom, sacrifice for her child, which teach children to understand the importance of their help to their mother, to be attentive to her: "Legends of Mothers" by Ivan Pankin, "Colorful Butterfly" by Andrey Platonov, " Tit" by Alexei Tolstoy, "Cuckoo" Nenets fairy tale, "Ayoga" Nanai fairy tale, "Bread and Salt" by Alexei Logunov, "Mother's Love" Korean fairy tale.

Games: "Interview with Mom", "Tender Fanta",

Conversations: “There is no sweeter friend than your own mother”, “Tell me about your mother”

Organized educational activities: "The image of a loving mother in the icons of the Most Holy Theotokos", "From the Earthly Mother to the Heavenly Mother"

Excursions to work with moms,

Memorizing poems about mom, making gifts for moms, grandmothers,

Creative works - portraits of mothers or the whole family from different materials.

Joint activities for children and mothers.

In the course of such work, children understand more and more clearly the connection between their behavior and the mood of their mother and loved ones.

One of the forms of work with children on self-knowledge in the world of people is “lessons of kindness”.

These are conversations on moral topics: "Once upon a time I was." “Respect your father and mother - there will be grace in life”, “Where there are good people, there will be no trouble”, “Do a good deed boldly”, What do we call the Motherland? The house in which we live, which includes reading and discussing with children a small literary work selected in accordance with the topic of direct educational activity, games, situational tasks, and consideration of didactic material. It is supposed to use in the practical part of various types of artistic activity of drawing, application, modeling. Productive activity develops fine motor skills of hands, contributes to the formation of aesthetic taste, expands children's ideas about the world around them and its properties. Developing, the child cannot “assert itself in general”. He asserts himself necessarily on the basis of some impressive examples of his. The Russian cultural tradition sacredly preserves the images of heroes - defenders of the Fatherland, Orthodox saints. Children's consciousness fuses with them easily and naturally, because. these are real historical figures, many character traits, actions and even statements of which are carefully preserved in the people's memory and written history. From the stories of the teacher, literature, video films, artistic historical films, children learn about the epic Ilya Muromets not only as a real historical person, but also as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church, who ended his days in old age as a monk of the Kiev-Pechora Lavra. About Dmitry Donskoy, the young prince of Moscow, who defeated the huge army of Mamai, on the Kulikovo field. Alexander Nevsky - the brave defender of Russia from the German and Swedish conquerors, Fedor Ushakov, Alexander Suvorov, Kutuzov, who performed not only a military, but also a spiritual feat.

The theme of defenders of the Fatherland would not be fully disclosed without serious attention to the role of women. It is understandable respect for the courage and sacrifice of a woman participating in battles, for her labor exploits in everyday life, but it seems to us very important to reveal something else. The fundamental understanding of the defense of the Fatherland is that women keep the family, give birth and raise children. Without this, the heroes have nothing and no one to protect.

An important role for the development of the spiritual and moral sphere of the child is played by classical music, spiritual singing, listening to bells. We try to make children go from Russian folklore, which is close and accessible to children's understanding, through children's musical classics, to the heights of the work of Russian composers and spiritual singing, again accessible to children.

The priority of the spiritual also permeates the folk calendar, which serves as a canvas for the annual cycle. Here it is enough to mention the folk and Orthodox holidays with which we introduce children - Christmas, Maslenitsa, the Annunciation, Easter, Trinity, the Transfiguration of the Lord.

Russia has always been famous for its ability to work creatively and joyfully celebrate. In our kindergarten, both children and adults discover with great interest the wonderful holidays and rituals of the village of Sukharevo and the village of Kurgashki, which teach not only to have fun, but also to comprehend the essence of what is happening together.

Acquaintance with an Orthodox church, its architectural features, its purpose is one of the forms of introducing children to spiritual culture, which takes place in the form of an excursion to the church and the monastery complex.

Children, under the guidance of a teacher and a priest, get acquainted with the interior of the church, visit the library, look at the bell tower, listen to the ringing of bells and have the opportunity to compare.

Starting to acquaint children with works of fine art that introduce children to the world of high spiritual and moral images, we talk about the fact that the first Russian artists - painters were the representatives of church painting.

The word "icon" means "image". According to ancient tradition, icons are written (drawn with paints) on the board. An icon or an image is called an image of Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, angels and holy people. The icon accompanies a person in all places and deeds. Icons can be seen in churches, houses where Orthodox people live. We often see the icon in a car. Many people wear an icon on their chest - this is a breast icon. The icon is somewhat similar to a holy book. Only in the holy book do we read holy words, and on the icon we see holy faces, whom we ask for help and protection.

In the spiritual and moral education of the child, the interaction of the teacher with the family is of great importance. But in most modern families, the way of life in accordance with Orthodox traditions has been lost.

It can be concluded that the majority of parents (namely 58% according to the results of the survey) are very concerned about the spiritual development of their children and try to use many opportunities for their moral development.

Information and educational material for adults related to the Orthodox calendar is systematically placed in a corner for parents.

In our kindergarten, children live in a cozy world of warmth and kindness, in a world of spirituality and fantasy. After all, all the best that begins to form in kindergarten will be reflected in later life and will have an exceptional impact on the subsequent development and spiritual and moral achievements of a person.

It is necessary to talk about spiritual and moral education from an early age. The teacher in kindergarten should be able to help the child by directing him in the right direction. He should strive not to suppress, but to direct the initiative of the pupils; to develop their public opinion, to develop children's self-government.

From the pedagogical skill of the educator depends on his influence on the personality of the child and assistance in socialization.

The purpose of our work is to increase the professional competence of preschool teachers in the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers through the introduction of the Good World program by L.L. Shevchenko since 2014. Methodological work in the preschool educational institution is aimed at solving the following problems:

activation of teachers to realize the relevance of the problem;
increasing the professional competence of teachers through the creation of a system of work on the implementation of the Good World program by L. L. Shevchenko;
learning how to work effectively with children;
creation of a subject-spatial environment conducive to the spiritual and moral education of children;
training educators in effective ways of communicating with parents in matters of spiritual and moral education.

Our work in this direction was carried out in three stages:

Stage 1 - informational - analytical

Stage 2 - practical

Stage 3 - control and evaluation

Information and analytical stage

Analysis of the level of preparedness of teachers, drawing the attention of parents to the problem of cooperation in the spiritual and moral education of children.
Questioning of teachers.
Parent survey.
Analysis of the level of spiritual and moral development of children.

Having studied the work in this area, having conducted a survey among parents and teachers, they revealed the conditions for the state of work in spiritual and moral education.

In the course of diagnosing the professional competence of kindergarten teachers in matters of spiritual and moral education of preschoolers, we saw that the teachers did not show excellent knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers.

The attempts made to date to educate a spiritual and moral personality show that the weakest point in this activity is the family. The surveys conducted, conversations with parents showed that parents need to be helped to realize that, first of all, moral and spiritual customs and values \u200b\u200bmust be preserved and transmitted in the family, that it is parents who are more responsible for raising children.

Stage 2 - practical

Work on spiritual and moral education is carried out in the following areas:

Working with teaching staff;

Work with children;

Working with parents;

Interaction with society.

Increasing the professional level of knowledge of teachers on this issue.
Creation of favorable conditions for working with children.
Formation of an active position among parents on issues of spiritual and moral education.
Activation of interaction with society.

To solve the problem of improving the level of pedagogical skills, a variety of forms and methods of work are used.

Consultations (“Education of the spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of children in the process of interaction between preschool educational institutions, families, public organizations”, “Introduction and study of the Good World program”, “The influence of the word on the inner world of the child”) supplemented the theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers with the missing information, and also expanded, deepened and systematized them.

Seminars - workshops - helped educators to more deeply understand the essence of the methodology of work on the spiritual and moral education of preschool children.

In addition, such forms of work as viewing video recordings of the OOD of colleagues from other preschool educational institutions with subsequent discussion are effective; master classes. Teacher Kartashova N.V. preparing for self-education

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