How to adapt a child to kindergarten: tips for children and adults. Useful video on how to help your child adapt to kindergarten

In general terms, this process is understood as the adaptation of an individual to a new environment and conditions. Such changes affect the psyche of any person, including babies who are forced to adapt to the garden.

It is necessary to understand in more detail what constitutes adaptation to kindergarten. First of all, it requires huge energy costs from the child, as a result of which the child's body is overstrained. In addition, the changed living conditions cannot be discounted, namely:

• mothers and fathers and other relatives are absent nearby;
• it is necessary to follow a clear daily routine;
• need to interact with other children;
• the amount of time devoted to a particular child decreases (the teacher communicates simultaneously with 15-20 kids);
• the baby is forced to obey the requirements of other people's adults.

So, the life of the baby changes radically. In addition, the adaptation process is often fraught with undesirable changes in the child's body, which are externally expressed in the form of disturbed behavioral norms and "bad" deeds.

The stressful state in which the child is, trying to adapt to the changed conditions, is expressed by the following states:

• disturbed sleep- the child wakes up with tears and refuses to fall asleep;
• decreased appetite (or lack thereof)- the child does not want to try unfamiliar dishes;
• regression of psychological skills- a child who previously speaks, knows how to dress, use cutlery, go to the potty, “loses” such skills;
• decreased cognitive interest- kids are not interested in new play accessories and peers;
• aggression or apathy- active children suddenly reduce activity, and previously calm kids show aggressiveness;
• decreased immunity- during the period of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten, resistance to infectious diseases decreases.

Thus, the adaptation process is a complex phenomenon, during which the child's behavior can change dramatically. As you get used to the kindergarten, such problems disappear or are significantly smoothed out.

Degrees of adaptation

The process of adaptation of the child in kindergarten can proceed in different ways. Some children are more likely to get used to the changed environment, while others disturb their parents for a long time with negative behavioral reactions. It is by the severity and duration of the above problems that the success of the adaptation process is judged.

Psychologists distinguish several degrees of the adaptation process, characteristic of preschool children.

In this case, the baby joins the children's team in 2 to 4 weeks. This type of adaptation is typical for most children and is characterized by the accelerated disappearance of negative behavioral reactions. You can judge that the baby easily gets used to the kindergarten, according to the following features:

• he comes in without tears or tantrums and stays in the group room;
• when addressing, looks into the eyes of teachers;
• able to voice a request for help;
• the first to make contact with peers;
• able to occupy himself for a short period of time;
• easily adapts to the daily routine;
• adequately responds to educational approving or disapproving remarks;
• tells the parents how the classes in the garden went.

How long is the adaptation period in kindergarten in this case? At least 1.5 months. At the same time, the child often gets sick, demonstrates pronounced negative reactions, but it is impossible to talk about his maladjustment and inability to join the team.

When observing a child, it can be noted that he:

• parts with mother with difficulty, cries a little after separation;
• when distracted, he forgets about parting and joins the game;
• communicates with peers and educator;
• adheres to the announced rules and regulations;
• adequately responds to comments;
• rarely becomes the instigator of conflict situations.

Heavy adaptation

Toddlers with a severe type of adaptation process are quite rare, but they can be easily found in the children's team. Some of them show open aggression when visiting the kindergarten, while others withdraw into themselves, demonstrating complete detachment from what is happening. The duration of addiction can range from 2 months to several years. In especially severe cases, they speak of complete maladaptation and the impossibility of visiting a preschool institution.

The main features of a child with a severe degree of adaptation:

• unwillingness to contact peers and adults;
• tears, tantrums, stupor when parting with parents for a long time;
• refusal to enter the playing area from the locker room;
• unwillingness to play, eat, go to bed;
• aggressiveness or isolation;
• inadequate response to the teacher's appeal to him (tears or fear).

It should be understood that absolute inability to kindergarten is an extremely rare phenomenon, so you need to contact specialists (a psychologist, a neurologist, a pediatrician) and work out a plan of action together. In some cases, doctors may advise you to postpone your visit to the preschool educational institution.

What influences the child's adaptation?

So, the period of adaptation of kids in kindergarten always proceeds in different ways. But what influences its success? Among the most important factors, experts include age characteristics, children's health, the degree of socialization, the level of cognitive development, etc.

Often, parents, trying to get to work early, send the baby to kindergarten at two years old, or even earlier. However, more often than not, such a step does not bring much benefit, since the young child is not yet able to interact with peers.

Of course, every child is a bright individual, however, according to many psychologists, it is possible to single out the optimal age interval that is most suitable for getting used to kindergarten - and this is 3 years.

It's all about the so-called crisis period of three years. As soon as the baby passes this stage, his level of independence increases, the psychological dependence on the mother decreases, therefore, it is much easier for him to part with her for several hours.

Why not rush to send your child to a preschool? At the age of 1 - 3 years, the formation of parent-child relationships and attachment to the mother takes place. That is why a long separation from the latter causes a nervous breakdown in the baby and violates the basic trust in the world.

In addition, it is impossible not to note the great independence of three-year-olds: they, as a rule, have potty etiquette, know how to drink from a cup, some children are already trying to dress themselves. Such skills greatly facilitate getting used to the garden.

Health status

Children with serious chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, etc.) quite often experience difficulties with addiction due to the characteristics of the body and increased psychological connection with their parents.

The same applies to children who often and for a long time get sick. Such babies require special conditions, reduced workloads and supervision of medical personnel. That is why experts recommend giving them to the kindergarten later, especially since due to pain, the regimen of visiting preschool educational institutions will be violated.

The main problems of adaptation of sick children in the nursery group:

• an even greater decrease in immunity;
• increased susceptibility to infections;
• increased emotional lability (periods of tearfulness, exhaustion);
• the occurrence of unusual aggressiveness, increased activity or, conversely, slowness.

Before entering a preschool institution, children are required to undergo a medical examination. There is no need to be afraid of this, on the contrary, parents will once again have the opportunity to consult with doctors about how to survive adaptation with minimal losses.

Degree of psychological development

Another point that can prevent successful addiction to DOW is the deviation from the average indicators of cognitive development. Moreover, both delayed mental development and giftedness can lead to maladaptation.

In case of mental retardation, special correctional programs are used to help fill gaps in knowledge and increase the cognitive activity of children. Under favorable conditions, such children catch up with their peers by school age.

A gifted child, surprisingly, also falls into the risk group, since his cognitive abilities are higher than those of his peers, in addition, he may experience difficulties with socialization and communication with classmates.

Level of socialization

Adaptation of the child to kindergarten involves the growth of contacts with peers and with unfamiliar adults. At the same time, there is a certain pattern - those kids whose social circle was not limited to their parents and grandmothers are more likely to get used to the new society.

Those children who rarely interacted with other children, on the contrary, find it difficult to adapt to changing conditions. Weak communication skills, inability to resolve conflict situations causes an increase in anxiety and leads to reluctance to attend kindergarten.

Of course, this factor largely depends on the teachers. If the teacher gets along well with the child, adaptation will noticeably accelerate. That is why, if there is such an opportunity, you should enroll in a group with that teacher, reviews of which are most often positive.

Stages of adaptation of a small child to kindergarten

The adaptation of children is a heterogeneous process, therefore, experts distinguish several periods characterized by the severity of negative reactions. Of course, such a division is rather arbitrary, but it helps to understand how successful addiction will be.

The first stage is the sharp one. Its main feature is the maximum mobilization of the child's body. The child is constantly excited and tense, it is not surprising that parents and teachers note tearfulness, nervousness, capriciousness and even hysteria.

In addition to psychological changes, physiological changes can also be detected. In some cases, there is an increase or decrease in heart rate, blood pressure indicators. Increased susceptibility to infections.

The second phase is called moderately acute, since the severity of negative reactions decreases, and the child adapts to the changed conditions. There is a decrease in the excitability and nervousness of the baby, an improvement in appetite, sleep, and the normalization of the psycho-emotional sphere.

However, it is not yet possible to talk about a complete stabilization of the state. Throughout this period, it is possible to return negative emotions, the appearance of unwanted reactions in the form of tantrums, tearfulness or unwillingness to part with their parents.

The third stage is compensated - stabilizes the child's condition. In the final adaptation period, there is a complete restoration of psychophysiological reactions, the child successfully joins the team. Moreover, he may acquire new skills, such as using the potty or dressing himself.

How to adapt a child to kindergarten? 6 useful skills for a kindergartner

In order for the addiction process to be as successful as possible, quickly and painlessly, experts advise instilling the most important skills in advance in the future preschool child. That is why parents should know what it is desirable to teach a child going to preschool.

1. Dress and undress independently. Ideally, three-year-olds should already take off their swimming trunks, socks, tights, put on a T-shirt and blouse, jacket. Difficulties can arise with fasteners, but you should still accustom them to them. To do this, you can buy lacing toys. In addition, hang pictures of the dressing sequence in the room (you can download them for free on the Internet).
2. Use a spoon/fork. Facilitating addiction contributes to the ability to wield cutlery. To do this, you need to abandon drinking bowls, bottles, non-spills, which do not contribute to rapid maturation.
3. Ask and go to the potty. You should get rid of diapers already at the age of one and a half years, especially since the ability to ask and go to the night vase will greatly simplify adaptation, since the child will feel more confident among skillful peers.
4. Accept different foods. Many three-year-olds are characterized by selectivity in food. Ideally, parents should bring the home menu closer to the garden menu. Then breakfasts and lunches in the preschool educational institution will not resemble a war between children and educators.
5. Communicate with adults. Quite often you can hear the peculiar speech of the child, which is understandable only to the mother. Some babies generally communicate with gestures, rightly believing that their parents will understand everything. Before the garden, you should follow the decrease in babbling words and gestures.
6. Play with children. To improve the communication skills of the child, it is necessary to introduce him to the children's team more often. Psychologists advise regularly visiting families with small children, walking on playgrounds, playing in the sandbox.

In nurseries and kindergartens there are special adaptation groups for future preschoolers. Be sure to find out if such a service is available in your preschool. A visit to such groups will introduce the child to the caregivers, the building itself and the new rules of conduct.

Advice to parents on adjusting their children often includes the advice to talk more with your child about preschool. But how to do it right and what should you talk about with the baby in order to facilitate future addiction?

1. Explain in the simplest possible language what a kindergarten is, why children go there, why it is so important to attend it. The simplest example: "The kindergarten is a big house for kids who eat, play and walk together while their parents work."
2. Tell your child that kindergarten is a kind of work for children. That is, the mother works as a teacher, doctor, manager, father as a military man, programmer, etc., and the baby will “work” as a preschooler, because he has become quite an adult.
3. Every time you pass by the kindergarten, do not forget to remind that after a while the child will also be able to walk here and play with other children. In his presence, you can also tell your interlocutors about how proud you are of your newly-made preschooler.
4. Talk about the daily routine of the kindergarten to relieve fears and insecurities. Let the child not remember everything due to age, but he will know that after breakfast there will be games, then walks and a short sleep.
5. Be sure to tell them who your child can turn to if they need water or the toilet. In addition, gently clarify that not all requests will be fulfilled instantly, since it is important for caregivers to keep track of all children at once.
6. Share your story of attending a preschool. You probably have photos from matinees where you recite poems, play with dolls, go with your parents from kindergarten, etc. Parental example allows the baby to quickly get used to the kindergarten.

There is no need to overpraise the kindergarten, painting it completely in iridescent colors, otherwise the kid will be disappointed in the teacher and classmates. At the same time, you can’t scare him with a preschool institution and a teacher who “shows how to behave well!” Try to keep the golden mean.

Pre-kindergarten activities for children

Role-playing game and listening to fairy tale stories are the favorite pastimes of young children. Therefore, the advice of a psychologist often includes items such as activities and fairy tales for successful adaptation in kindergarten. The purpose of such games is to familiarize the child with the regime and rules of the kindergarten in a relaxed way.

Enlist the "support" of children's toys - dolls, teddy bears. Let your favorite plastic girlfriend become a teacher, and a teddy bear and a robot become kindergartners who are just attending preschool.

Moreover, classes should repeat almost the entire day of the future preschooler. That is, the teddy bear came to the kindergarten, said hello to the aunt-teacher, kissed mommy goodbye and started playing with other kids. Then he had breakfast and began to study.

If a child has difficulty parting with his mother, special emphasis should be placed on this very moment. To do this, it is better to use special fairy tales for quick adaptation in kindergarten, in which, for example, the kitten stops crying after the mother leaves and begins to play merrily with other little animals.

Another opportunity to facilitate adaptation to the kindergarten is the use of improvised means: a presentation, cartoons and a collection of poems about kindergarten. Such useful innovative materials adapt kids as well as, and sometimes even better than, ordinary stories.

Usually, by the age of three, kids quite easily let go of their mothers and other significant adults, because, as we have already noted, at this stage there is a natural desire to be independent, independent of their parents.

And yet there are situations when the baby and mother turn into almost a single organism. Because of this, the adaptation of a child in kindergarten can become much more difficult, and the likelihood of complete maladaptation also increases.

Ideally, it is necessary to accustom the baby to parental absence consistently and in advance. And yet it is possible to reduce the psycho-emotional dependence of children on their mother in a short time. Consider the main advice to parents from experienced professionals.

Necessary actions

1. Try to involve dad and other close relatives in interacting with the child. The more the baby will be in contact with other adults (and not just with his mother), the easier it will be for him to get used to the caregiver.
2. Then introduce your child to your friends. At first, they play with the baby in the presence of their parents, so that he can feel comfortable next to unfamiliar adults. With an adapted child, it will be easier to leave.
3. The next step is going outside. It is necessary to explain to the baby that the mother will go to the store while the grandmother or familiar aunt will tell an interesting tale. In this case, you do not need to ask the child for leave, just let him know.
4. Consistently accustom the baby to the idea that he needs to be alone in the room. You can cook dinner while the child is playing in the nursery. Then these rules can be applied during a lesson in the sandbox or on a walk.
5. Do not call the child shy, beech, roar, crybaby, ponytail and other unpleasant words. On the contrary, tell him and others as often as possible how communicative, sociable and cheerful he is.

Unnecessary actions

1. You can not run away from the child secretly, even at this moment he is sitting with his grandmother. Having discovered the loss of his mother, he, firstly, will be seriously frightened, and secondly, he will begin to cry and scream at the next attempts of his parents to leave.
2. It is not recommended to leave the child in the apartment alone, especially if he is characterized by increased anxiety and anxiety. In addition, even in a few minutes, small children are able to find "adventures" even in the safest home.
3. You should not reward your child with goodies and toys for letting you go away. If this is practiced, then the baby in the kindergarten will require financial incentives literally every day.

You can come up with some rituals that make parting easier. Just do not turn them into a full-fledged ceremony, more reminiscent of a celebration or holiday. It can be an ordinary kiss, a mutual smile or a handshake.

Preschool attendance is essential for the full development of a child. How to ease this period? You can listen to the opinion of well-known experts - teachers, psychologists and children's doctors. Komarovsky talks a lot and often about the features of successful adaptation to kindergarten. We learn the main recommendations of the popular TV doctor:

• start attending kindergarten at a time when the mother has not yet returned to work. If the child suddenly catches a cold, the parent will be able to pick him up from the preschool and stay at home with him for one to two weeks;
• it is best to adapt children to kindergarten in certain seasons - summer and winter. But the off-season is not the best period to start visiting the kindergarten, as the likelihood of catching a cold increases;
• there will be no superfluous information about how adaptation takes place in a particular kindergarten. Perhaps caregivers practice force-feeding or over-wrapping babies for walks.

In order for accelerated adaptation to take place in kindergarten, Komarovsky advises adhering to some important recommendations:

• reduce the requirements for the child in the initial stages of getting used to the preschool. Even if he behaves badly, one must show indulgence;
• be sure to prepare your child for increased social contact through more frequent and longer walks, playing in the sandbox.
• Be sure to boost your immunity. If the body's defense system improves, the child will get sick less, therefore, addiction will pass much faster.

The teledoctor does not exclude the occurrence of certain problems in the process of getting used to, however, one should not refuse the opportunity to accustom a child to kindergarten at 4 years old. It is best to responsibly approach the adaptation period and support the baby in every possible way.

So, the baby has already begun to go to a preschool, but you simply should not wait for the addiction to end. The successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten, advice on which psychologists and doctors give, lies in the active position of parents. How can you help your child?

1. You should not immediately give the child for the whole day. It is best to make a gradual transition from the usual mode to changed conditions, that is, to give the baby first for a couple of hours, and only then increase the length of stay in the kindergarten.
2. Be sure to show sincere interest in what the child was doing in preschool. If he blinded, painted, pasted something, you should praise him and put the craft on a shelf.
3. Study any information provided by the preschool teacher or psychologist. Usually, the folder "Adaptation of the child in kindergarten" is set in the group.
4. You should also communicate more often with educators who regularly fill out an adaptation sheet, a special kindergarten visit form, and a psychologist fills out a card for each child in the nursery group.
5. Do not worry too much if the child seems tired or haggard after kindergarten. Of course, strangers, new acquaintances - this is a serious stress for the child's body. Let the baby rest and sleep.
6. In order for the kids to quickly adapt, it is necessary to limit the increased emotional stress. Psychologists advise to refuse from attending mass entertainment; cartoons and viewing various images, videos also need to be limited.
7. If the baby has certain psycho-emotional or physiological characteristics (hyperactive behavior, health problems), this must be reported to the teaching and medical staff.
8. Tears and tantrums are a “presentation” designed for mom. That is why experts advise dads to accompany the child to kindergarten, since the stronger sex usually reacts more strictly to such manipulative behavior.

Provide a calm family environment for your child during the adjustment process. Express your disposition to the newly-made preschooler in every possible way: kiss, hug, etc.

Memo for parents: adaptation of the child in kindergarten and the main mistakes

So, the basic rules for improving the adaptation of kids to a preschool were described. However, none of the parents is immune from erroneous actions. That is why it is necessary to elaborate on the most common misconceptions:

• comparison with other children. We all adapt differently. That is why you should not compare the baby with his peers, who get used to the children's team and educator much faster;
• deception. You do not need to promise the child that you will pick him up in an hour if you plan to return only in the evening. Such parental promises will lead to the fact that the baby will feel betrayed;
• kindergarten punishment. A child should not be punished with a longer stay in preschool if he is accustomed to being in preschool for only a few hours. This will only lead to increased dislike for the kindergarten;
• “bribery” with sweets and toys. Some moms and dads bribe kids to behave well in preschool. As a result, the child will continue to blackmail adults, demanding gifts from them daily;
• sending a sick child to kindergarten. During the adaptation period, any cold can unsettle the child for a long time, therefore, if you feel unwell, you should not take the preschooler to kindergarten, otherwise there is a risk of intensifying the symptoms of the disease.

Another common parental mistake is the disappearance of a mother who does not want to distract the child from toys or children. Such behavior, as we have already said, will only lead to the fact that the baby will increase anxiety and numerous fears will arise. An increase in tantrums is not ruled out.

As a conclusion

Kindergarten and adaptation are often inseparable concepts, so addiction to preschool education should not be taken as some kind of absolute evil and negative. On the contrary, such a process is quite useful for the child, because it prepares him for future changes in life - school, college, family relationships.

Usually the baby gets used to the kindergarten for a couple of months. But if the child's condition does not stabilize over time and new psychological problems arise (aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity), you should definitely talk to a psychologist about maladaptation.

If the problem persists, it may be worth considering a later visit to kindergarten. Grandma can sit with the baby for a few months? This will probably be the best way out of this situation. Good luck with kindergarten!

In any family, sooner or later the time comes to send the child to a child care institution. The reasons are very different. Most often, it’s just time for mom to go to work, as parental leave is coming to an end. The temperament and home habits of all children are different, so they endure a new environment for themselves in the same way: someone easily gets used to and makes contact with caregivers and other children, while for others this process is painful.

This article will be devoted to the question of how to adapt a child to kindergarten.

Why do parents send young children to kindergarten?

In some families, the child is sent to kindergarten before the age of three. This can be done for several reasons:

• the child himself is so eager to go to the garden that he literally forces his parents to take him there;
• it is easier for the mother to cope with the adaptation period and help the child in this, because she will not have to go to work for a few more months, which means she will be able to pick up her baby early;
• the family is short of money, and the food in the kindergarten is much more varied and high in calories than homemade, and much more.

Whatever the reason for sending their child to this state institution in each case, parents should take into account the peculiarities of the child's adaptation to kindergarten, to new conditions for the baby. Some children do better than others, but in the end, 99% of babies successfully adapt to changes in life.

Benefits of Kindergarten for Toddlers

Until school age begins, parents are in fact the only authority for the child. But it is important to remember that from the age of three, a child should begin to communicate with peers, develop sociability and sociability. Kindergarten fully copes with this task, providing a lot of opportunities. The main problem is the question of how best to adapt the child to kindergarten.

Advantages of the children's community:

1. In a team of peers, it is much easier for a child to learn and understand self-care skills: learn to put on clothes on their own, clean things and toys after themselves, and learn to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
2. Thanks to being in kindergarten, children develop communication skills, kids learn to reckon with common interests and work in collaboration with other children. The successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten is especially important for the development of these skills in children who are the only ones in the family.
3. The attitude from infancy "I - mine" passes into the understanding of "ours - common". Children begin to willingly help others, share toys.
4. Children receive various information and experience, which contributes to the rapid development of speech, logical thinking, musical abilities and artistic inclinations.

Every mother who intends to soon take her child to kindergarten should think over the process of helping the child during the adaptation period in advance. There are several tips from psychologists and educators on this matter:

1. It is not necessary to arrange from visiting a kindergarten. You need to try to explain in advance to the baby where he is going, why, what he will do there, and so on.
2. It is advisable to find out the approximate program for the development of children adopted in the garden, and begin to acquaint the child with its key points. This is important for solving the problem of how to facilitate the child's adaptation to kindergarten.
3. All explanations should be as simple as possible, with a positive attitude, in order to interest the child in the garden.
4. If housing is located near a kindergarten, you need to walk more often on its territory.
5. It’s good to get to know the educators who are recruiting a group in advance and introduce the baby to them. Moreover, the better the child gets to know the teacher before he stays with him without a mother, the easier it will be for him in the future.

Regarding the strengthening of the health of the baby, before starting to visit the garden, you should pay attention to the following tips for adapting the child to kindergarten:

1. First of all, you should prepare the child's immune system for an early meeting with new viruses. Most likely, the baby will still be sick for some time.
2. When the family goes on vacation in the summer, it is better to give preference to the climatic zone that is available in the territory of permanent residence, so as not to experience acclimatization. If a trip to the sea is planned, the vacation should be calculated in such a way that the child stays on the coast for a whole month (and not seven days, as most often happens). It is important to know how to adapt a child to kindergarten for health, as the crumbs' immune system works at full capacity, adapting to changes, and instead of healing, the condition worsens in the first five days. Therefore, if for financial or any other reasons it is not possible to provide the child with thirty days of stay at sea, it is better to refuse to visit him at all (at least in the year when the baby starts attending kindergarten).

How to make it easier for educators

There is no need to think that it is only for parents that the adaptation of children to kindergarten is a big problem. For educators, this is also a difficult process, and parents can help them and their children. You need to remember the following:

1. Do not think that educators are obliged to teach the child all the skills he needs themselves. This is the child of his parents, and the more independent skills they instill in him at home, the easier and faster will be the adaptation to the new environment.
2. You should start observing the daily routine at home adopted in kindergarten, at least two months before the start of his visit, so that the baby has time to get used to a certain ordered system of actions, as well as to the order in which these actions should be performed. This will easily help solve the problem of how to adapt a child to kindergarten.
3. You need to try as early as possible to start developing your child socially: to instill in him the skills to speak correctly, to be able to ask questions and answer them. To do this, it is useful to attend early childhood development clubs.

The duration of the adaptation period

Many parents are interested in the question of how long it takes for a child to adapt to kindergarten. There is no definite answer to it, since a lot depends not only on adults, but also on the nature of the baby, as well as his environment and the period of preparation for the first day of going to a children's institution. So, for example, there are special adaptation clubs where you can give your baby before going to kindergarten with him.

It may happen that only one child of a similar age attends the early childhood development club closest to home. For a start, it is suitable, but after a month the institution will have to be changed.

A group with an average attendance of 5-7 children of the age of a child is ideal, where parents are allowed only for the first 1-3 classes, and then they work with the children on their own. It would be nice if there is video surveillance, and parents, being in the waiting room, control the learning process of their child. This will instill in the child the ability to obey new adults, communicate with peers and gently prepare the immune system to meet the new microflora.

At best, the adaptation of young children to kindergarten takes place over the course of a month, sometimes the period reaches three to four months, and for some children a couple of weeks is enough.

Changes in behavior

For every mother, her child is the best, most beloved and most obedient. He does not scream or be naughty at home, fulfills all requests and helps his mother, goes to bed on time and plays on his own. But then the child went to kindergarten, and everything changed beyond recognition: the baby began to scream, or, on the contrary, calmed down completely, stopped helping, dress or undress on his own, forgot the skill of using the potty, perhaps he even began to beat his mother, bite and break the dishes …

The list of possible changes is endless. This is all a sign of the ongoing adaptation of the child to the new environment. It is not worth sounding the alarm, all this is natural and predictable.

What to do if behavior has changed

Regardless of how long the child's adaptation to kindergarten takes, parents will soon begin to notice changes in the child's behavior. This is where the following tips can come in handy:

1. The first thing psychologists advise is to be patient. At first (from two weeks to three months), children cry, change their behavior, become aggressive. They are protesting against the destruction of their usual comfortable and safe living environment.
2. Do not leave your child in kindergarten all of a sudden. It is easy to captivate a little man with something new, and he will willingly go to the group without tears and screams, becoming interested in a new toy. But if the mother, in joy from such behavior, leaves without saying goodbye, the baby may throw a tantrum the next day at the mere mention of the kindergarten. He does not understand where the mother disappeared to the previous day, the problem of adapting the child to kindergarten in this case may be aggravated.
3. Perhaps the baby will stick to the parents both mentally and physically, and will only let go with a roar. This is a normal reaction to too abrupt a change in life. Do not immediately leave the child for the whole day. Better at first - for an hour or two, then before lunch. From the second week you can already leave it for the whole day.

Preparatory games

At the age of three, most often children still do not understand explanations, notations and shouts. For them, all learning takes place through the game, and this feature can be used to your advantage and think about how to quickly adapt the child to kindergarten.

With a certain regularity, it is worthwhile to conduct a role-playing game “mouse-baby visits kindergarten” with a child (instead of a mouse, any toy that the baby loves most can be taken). The purpose of this game is to make the baby feel safe, comfortable and interested in the garden. The most important thing is that if there is no time to play, it is better not to start it today, because each new game of mouse-baby must necessarily end with the arrival of mom, a hug, a kiss and going home. It is important to remember and understand how to properly adapt the child to kindergarten.

It is better to skip some (washing hands, walking) than to stop the game until the evening arrival of mom. You can invite your child to tell the little mouse himself how good it is in the kindergarten, why he goes there. Let the baby become an older brother / sister for the mouse and protect him. Parents at this time need to listen very carefully to what the child will say. Most often, persuading a toy, children describe their problems and experiences, and having understood your child, you can better help him survive the difficulties of adaptation.

How to make it easier for a child to adapt to kindergarten

You can help the adaptation problem in the following ways:

1. Allow the child to take home toys with him the next day (if it is not prohibited in the garden), he will show her his locker, crib, high chair. Let him plant a pet next to him in the classroom, because in this case it is not just a toy, but a part of the house, a mother substitute.
2. A visit to a preschool is a huge stress for the crumbs, even if he does not show it outwardly. He cannot relax with caregivers, he is afraid to do something wrong. For this reason, having come home, the child may be capricious - he "throws off" the stress accumulated during the day. You can cope with this by increasing the physical activity of the baby, games.
3. When you go to pick up your child, you can take a soccer ball with you or ask friends who have a dog to come with you. The child will be just happy to play outdoor games with his parents or run a dog in the fresh air. Thus, he will relieve stress, get tired and easily fall asleep.

Why do you need sleep

To answer the question of how to adapt a child to kindergarten, one should be aware of the importance of adequate sleep. The more the child sleeps, the better. At first, he can wake up in the middle of the night, cry, scream, rush to his mother in fear that she will not pick him up next time. In the first two weeks, children often dream about this, especially if contact with caregivers is not found. Be patient - it will pass.

During sleep, the body rests and restores emotional and physical strength, so this time is very important.

Parental behavior

Since the parents themselves should first of all facilitate the adaptation of the child to kindergarten, a lot depends on their behavior during this difficult period. Often they themselves are to blame for the protracted adaptation of the child.

If they scold the kindergarten or the teacher in front of the baby, scare him with a garden, if they discuss bad behavior with all relatives, and do not show good behavior to anyone, then the child will be doubly hard. He needs support, not censure, and considers this behavior of his mother as a betrayal.

It’s better to forget about tears completely and just ignore them, distracting you with a game. In the presence of the crumbs, it is necessary to praise the kindergarten, educators, and other workers. Focus on how well the baby adapts, what (albeit small) successes he has today, what he can achieve in a month, a week, by the end of the year. This will help solve the problem of how to quickly adapt the child to kindergarten.

You need to come up with your own special ritual of farewell and meeting with the baby, discuss the details with him and teach him to observe them. Then the child will develop the habit of saying goodbye without tears, going to bed on their own, asking the teacher for leave when they came for him.

Conclusion

The key to successful adaptation of the child is the calmness and confidence of parents in a positive end result. The child "reads" the information and becomes calmer. Therefore, if a mother cannot look at children's tears, moreover, she subconsciously expects them all the time, let the father or another, more calm-minded family member take the first month or two of the child.

(5 votes : 3.4 out of 5 )

Where does kindergarten begin? Strange as it may seem, the kindergarten begins with parting, with the mother saying goodbye to the baby, from the moment when he is left alone with someone else's aunt and strangers. Therefore, we, parents, need to prepare both ourselves and the child for this difficult test.

Let's start with ourselves. We ourselves are often to blame for the fact that the baby is crying and does not want to let go of his mother's hand. We are very sorry for him, mentally we draw sad pictures: here he is crying, here he is not playing with anyone, and so on. We are indecisive, we do not leave and we are waiting for something. Stop! Set yourself up positively, even if your own kindergarten experience was far from joyful. After all, a kindergarten is a necessary "school" of life, and in it, as in life, there will be both joyful and sad moments.

Indisputable advantages

The main advantage of the kindergarten is that the child gets the opportunity to communicate with peers. He does not just play, he gets an invaluable experience of interaction, sympathy, empathy, collective creativity and cooperation. All this prepares the child for later life. It is at this time that the formation of character takes place, the basic principles of life are laid.

Inevitable cons

In addition to the positive experience of communication, the child also receives negative models of behavior: some children learn to snitch, suck up, others learn to command and indicate, and others learn to obey. 8 hours of extreme stress of all forces, a small person simply can not stand it. He becomes aggressive, irritable, whiny. As a result of such an overstrain, the child becomes ill. Frequent colds are an inevitable companion of a kindergarten child.

Of course, it would be ideal to bring a child aged 4-5 years to kindergarten for half a day. But, unfortunately, few working mothers today can afford it.

Getting ready for the first day

Start from afar. You need to prepare in advance for the idea of ​​a kindergarten, the need to attend it. But this does not mean that we need to talk about it every day, do not turn this event into a problem.

Tell your child about the kindergarten, that there are a lot of children, new toys, swings, etc. If possible, go there, play on the playground, get to know the teacher. Create a mood of joyful expectation in your baby. At the same time, prepare him for the upcoming separation: practice short separations (to the store, to work). Create your own farewell ritual. The child must be sure that you always come back! In the early days, stay with him for some time in kindergarten, do not leave immediately. And when parting, be sure to say that you will return for him. As a rule, many children get used to the new conditions after a few days.

Before entering kindergarten, it is important to form a child's sense of self-confidence, and this is impossible without the development of independence. Observe the baby, whether he knows how to dress himself, sit on the potty, eat, play. Help him learn all these things. Play with your child the game "Let's get to know each other, let's play", role-playing games teach the baby to communicate, express their thoughts, build sentences. Of course, all children are different. A sociable and smiling baby in the kindergarten may turn out to be silent. It is impossible to unequivocally predict what the child's reaction will be and how this difficult period will develop in his life.

How soon will the child get used to kindergarten?

The average period of adaptation to kindergarten, according to experts, is 7-10 days at toddler age, 2-3 weeks at 3 years, and 1 month at senior preschool age. In a word, the older the child, the longer it takes him to get used to new conditions. Psychologists believe that the peculiarities of a child's getting used to a new environment depend on many factors: the type of nervous system and health status, personality traits, family atmosphere, conditions of stay in kindergarten. The greatest difficulties in adaptation are experienced by children with poor health, who quickly get tired of noise, have difficulty falling asleep during the day, and have poor appetite. It is hard to get used to kindergarten overprotective children who do not have self-care skills, anxious. It is easier for sanguine and choleric people to adapt to new conditions, for phlegmatic and melancholic people it is harder.

It is important for parents to know that some children cannot get used to kindergarten. Alarming signals that speak of the emotional distress of the child, that he suffers greatly in the conditions of kindergarten, is hard to endure parting with his mother, are a steady unwillingness to attend kindergarten, crying, whims in the morning, frequent illnesses, poor appetite, restless sleep. In older preschool age, poorly adapted children may even develop nervous symptoms in the form of nail biting, tics, and stuttering.

Why do children get sick so often in kindergarten?

In addition to psychological preparation, your baby must be ready for this difficult test and physically. Each child must undergo a medical examination and take tests before attending kindergarten. So. The pediatrician has given you a conclusion that your child is ready to attend kindergarten. Excellent! But this does not mean at all that the baby will not get sick. All mothers are interested in the answer to the same question: “Why do children get sick so often?” Why they get sick is understandable. The child's body meets with unfamiliar bacteria, viruses. The immune system is formed, and this process is accompanied by SARS, runny nose. Thus, there is a "training" of immunity. But why does this happen so often? Psychologists will answer this question. Adaptation is usually difficult with a lot of negative changes in the child's body. These shifts occur at all levels, in all systems. The baby is in a special state, which psychologists call the "third state" between health and illness. This means that not today, tomorrow your child will either just get really sick, or will become himself again. It all depends on the degree of stress. If it is minimal, you will soon forget about the negative shifts in the adaptation process and what worries you today. This will talk about easy or favorable adaptation. If the severity of stress is great, the child will obviously have a breakdown and presumably become ill.

How to strengthen the child's defenses?

The best way to avoid numerous colds during the period of adaptation to kindergarten is hardening. It is best to start hardening procedures in the summer. It is easiest to do this: let the baby spend more time outdoors, bathe in natural reservoirs, run barefoot. It is important not to abandon this "useful thing" when the summer is over. Let the child walk barefoot at home, wash dishes, play with water. When going for a walk, dress it according to the weather. It's great if you organize regular visits to the pool.

Psychologists advise parents during the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten:

1. Set up the child in a major way. To inspire him that it is very great that he has grown to the garden and has become so big.

2. Do not leave him in the preschool team for the whole day, take him home as early as possible.

3. Create a calm, conflict-free climate for him in the family.

4. Spare his weakened nervous system.

5. Do not increase, but reduce the load on the nervous system. Cut down on TV viewing.

6. As soon as possible, inform the doctor and caregivers about the personal characteristics of the baby.

7. Do not wrap your child, but dress him as necessary in accordance with the temperature in the group.

8. To create on Sundays at home for him the regime is the same as in a children's institution.

9. Do not react to the antics of the child and do not punish him for children's whims.

10. If there is a change in the child's usual behavior, contact a pediatrician or psychologist as soon as possible.

In conclusion, I want to say to all parents: your love will help the child survive this difficult time. Let your baby feel that he is the most precious creature in the world for you, and do not let him doubt it for a minute.

Lina Dmitrieva
Adaptation of the child to kindergarten

« Adaptation of the child to kindergarten»

There comes a new life when a little child goes out into the world for the first time. And a great life usually begins with kindergarten.

What adaptation?

Entry into a new environment and adaptation to new conditions of social existence, to a new regime.

A complex of processes and actions aimed at adapting to changing conditions of existence.

Levels adaptation

Physiological

Psychological

Psychological level adaptation(takes getting used to)

To the absence of a significant adult (moms, dads)

A large number of new people and the need to interact with them

The need to deal with your problems alone

The need to defend your personal space

Physiological (need to get used to it)

To a new regime, rhythm of life, new loads (the need to sit, listen, follow commands)

The impossibility of privacy

The need for self-restraint

New food, new rooms, lighting, smells

Degrees adaptation

Depending on duration adaptive period there are three degrees adaptation of the child to kindergarten:

1 – 16 days - mild adaptation

20-40 days - moderate adaptation

40 to 64 days - severe adaptation

Three degrees of severity of passage adaptation period

Light adaptation- by the 20th day of stay in the preschool educational institution, sleep is normalized, child eats normally, does not refuse contacts with peers and adults, makes contact himself. The incidence is not more than once for a period of not more than 10 days, without complications. Weight unchanged.

Medium adaptation- behavioral responses are restored by the 30th day of stay in the preschool educational institution. Neuropsychic development how much slows down (slowing down of speech activity). The incidence is not more than 2 times for a period of not more than 10 days, without complications. Weight unchanged or slightly decreased.

heavy adaptation- has a long duration (two to six months or more) and the severity of all manifestations.

Factors interfering adaptation of the baby to kindergarten:

Too much addiction child from mother;

Excessive anxiety of parents;

The unwillingness of adults to give greater independence to the baby;

Upbringing child in the spirit of permissiveness;

Neurological symptoms in child: asthenia, hyperactivity, etc.;

Soreness of the baby;

The lack of an adequate daily routine for the baby in the house.

Typical situations parents face when child starts kindergarten(Start adaptation period)

"I DON'T WANT!" The baby is crying, is naughty every time when it's time to go to kindergarten. This allows to kid openly talk about what he does not like. Parents can sympathize with him, say that they are really sorry when he is sad, parting with them, but "this is how the world works - moms and dads work, and children go to kindergartens and schools." Child, who openly protests against the kindergarten, most often quite well adapts if the parents do not scold him, do not shame him, but express sympathy, remaining confident that the kindergarten is a good choice for them child.

AT HOUSE - WHIM, IN THE GARDEN - SUCCESS. “Surprisingly, my son in kindergarten is completely different from his home. I’m even offended, because I try so hard at home, and he behaves much better there than with me. First, he EATs there. Moreover, the teacher says that she is trying to eat the first one and raises her plate to brag! And at home I run after him with a spoon! Secondly, he WORKS himself! At home, he can walk for hours in one sock! It seems that all the fruits of my upbringing and my efforts are used by educators in kindergarten: I fight him at home, and there - “What is your independent, developed child!» . The fact is that in the garden child often sees exactly the place where they are ready to perceive him as he SHOWS himself.

FREQUENT ILLNESSES. Child starts to hurt literally from the first days of visiting kindergarten: "a week in the kindergarten - a week (and sometimes two) at home". Many parents complain about kindergarten: they say, overlooked, drafts, sick children are accepted, infection. Considering that the matter is in a particular kindergarten, parents transfer child in another, in the third, but the situation does not change radically. Why? Most often, it is not the kindergarten that is to blame, but the transition situation itself. child to independent stay somewhere without parents. As you know, physical and mental development child interconnected, and the organism child sometimes helps him cope with anxieties and worries. Most often, it is those children who are not very capricious and cry, not expressing clearly, in words and tears, their reluctance to go to kindergarten. it "obedient" children, they want moms and dads to be happy with their independence, and try not to upset them. But if adaptation for such a child is difficult, the body gives emotions "respite": the baby is ill, stays at home. Many parents notice that a few months after child went to kindergarten, he gets sick less and less and becomes more active, more talkative, more mature.

AT HOME - "GOOD", AT KINDERGARTEN - "HORRIBLE". “In my opinion, the teacher is biased towards my son. Every day she tells me how he behaves ugly, fights, takes toys from children, etc. But this cannot to be: He is a very obedient, polite boy! We always spent a lot of time with him, until I went to work, I always explained to him what was possible and what was not. He always asks my permission if he wants to take something! I just don’t understand, how can it be that I see one thing, but without me something completely different happens?

This is quite possible. The fact is that if parents pay a lot of attention to proper upbringing, they control too much child, protect against making wrong decisions, then three or four year old child, left in the kindergarten without them, is simply lost. He seems to be left without his CONSCIENCE, as the proverb says - "without a king in the head", because his ability to self-control has not yet developed, and at home his mother and father were his conscience and control.

Left alone child trying to find an adult who could, like a mother, help him be "correct". It is for this that he behaves defiantly, this challenge He speaks: "Please restrain me, show me my limits, RESIST me!" Most often, the goodwill of surrounding adults helps in a short time. child to believe that in order to be good enough, constant adult control is not at all necessary.

Having calmed down about the lack of constant extraneous control over himself, child begins to feel more confident and communicate better both with adults and with their peers.

Remember that with the start of the visit children's kindergarten, the child is temporarily deprived of physical contact with the mother. It is important for small children that they continue to be picked up, hugged, put to bed. Therefore, try to pay more attention to the child at home, read, play, watch cartoons together, do homework.

Emphasize how big and skillful your baby has become, how he went to Kindergarten how strong, brave and smart he has become, how much he learns every day in kindergarten. Be gentle, patient and kind.

Tips for parents

Parents have a lot to do with emotional state. child.

Never say phrases type: “If you behave badly, they will punish you in the kindergarten”.

In the morning when you are going to Kindergarten, try to create a calm, cheerful atmosphere, discuss the upcoming day with a positive attitude.

Then it will definitely be successful for you and for child!

Why is it difficult for children to get used to kindergarten and how can parents help them?

The question of kindergarten - to give or not to give, when is it better to give, how to help in adaptation - at some point arises in every family. Usually parents in such matters rely on personal experience, or examples of relatives and friends. Undoubtedly, attending a kindergarten has its pros and cons, but due to the busyness of parents and the inability to devote all the time to the child, most families still tend to the option of “giving to kindergarten”. Perhaps mom needs to go to work, but there is no one to sit with the baby. Or just parents want to socialize their baby as early as possible, teach him to communicate with other adults and children, in addition to the family. Be that as it may, the reasons may be different, but as a result, the baby is still brought to kindergarten.

And here the most interesting begins. Yours, so obedient and good earlier, the baby suddenly starts to throw tantrums, act up, refuses to fall asleep on his own. Or, on the contrary, it withdraws into itself, cries quietly, ceases to be interested in previously beloved toys and fairy tales. What is happening with your child? Will all this pass, or is it still necessary to take him out of the garden? When will the baby get used to the kindergarten? And, most importantly, how to help him?

We will try to find answers to all these questions in our article.

Adaptation is habituation, adaptation of the body to external changing conditions, that is, to a new environment. Such changes do not go unnoticed both for the psyche and for an adult, what can we say about a small child. After all, no one will argue that for the crumbs a kindergarten is a completely new, unfamiliar space in which new people and new relationships await him.

Let's try to understand the process of adaptation in more detail. Firstly, it requires a considerable expenditure of psychic energy, therefore it often provokes tension and even overstrain of the physical and mental forces of the body. Secondly, new conditions “burst” into the previously stable and measured life of the child:

• the absence of close relatives - mothers, fathers, grandparents;
• the need to follow a clear daily routine;
• constant contact with a large number of peers who were previously unfamiliar to the baby;
• a sudden decrease in the amount of personal attention to the baby - now he is no longer the “center of the universe”, as he used to be for his mother, and even the most humane and loving teacher is hardly able to pay a lot of attention to each child;
• the need for submission and obedience to a previously unfamiliar adult - a teacher.

Already these few factors are enough to argue that the life of a child is changing dramatically. And, in addition to external changes in living conditions, the process of adaptation entails a large number of predominantly negative changes in the body of the crumbs. These changes occur at all levels and in all systems. We usually notice only the tip of the iceberg - violations of the behavior of the baby. But in fact, radical changes take place in the soul and body of the crumbs during this period - the baby is constantly in strong nervous tension, he feels severe stress or on the verge of stress. In addition, the following violations are often observed:

1. Sleep disorders. The baby may refuse to fall asleep alone, or wake up at night.
2. Decrease or loss of appetite.
3. Speech regression - sometimes a baby, already perfectly able to speak complex sentences, suddenly plunges back into infancy, begins to use light words and monosyllabic sentences.
4. Loss of self-care skills. Just as suddenly, it turns out that the baby "does not know how" to dress, undress, wash, eat, use a handkerchief on its own. And despite the fact that he had previously dealt with all this easily.
5. Change in motor activity. A previously cheerful and active baby can suddenly become "inhibited", slow, insecure. Or, on the contrary, the child becomes uncontrollable, hyperactive, which was not observed before.
6. Loss of interest in new things. You can observe that your previously curious "why" ceases to be interested in new toys, does not want to get acquainted with other children. He seems to fall into hibernation, and his cognitive activity fades away.
7. Decreased social activity. The kid may refuse to make contact with peers and the caregiver. Even optimistic and sociable children become withdrawn, tense, non-contact, restless.
8. Change of emotional background. In the first days of visiting the kindergarten, the child usually has more pronounced negative emotions: whimpering, crying - both “for company” and paroxysmal, fear (going to kindergarten, fear of the teacher, worries that the mother will not come for him), anger, aggression. It may seem that the child has no emotions at all. But you will hardly have to wait for a positive from the crumbs: a smile can only appear in response to a new bright stimulus (a non-standard toy, a fun game).
9. Decreased immunity. During the adaptation period, the body's resistance to infections decreases, as a result of which the baby can get sick in the first weeks and even days of visiting the kindergarten.

Parents should understand that all these changes are not a whim of a child, but completely objective reactions to a changing environment that do not depend on the will of the crumbs. And, as soon as the adaptation is over, all these negative changes will go away. Many mothers expect this to happen in the first days of kindergarten and may become frustrated or even angry with the baby when this does not happen. But, according to experts, the average duration of adaptation to kindergarten is at least 3-4 weeks, and sometimes it can stretch for 2-4 months. Remember that your child is individual, and do not rush things!

Now we know what happens to the baby when we send him to kindergarten. But, nevertheless, there are children who get used to new conditions relatively quickly, there are those who need more time, and, finally, those who are actually unable to do this. Such differences indicate different types of adaptation. So, psychologists distinguish:

1. Easy adaptation- is 3-4 weeks. This type of adaptation is experienced by almost half of the children. Kids visit the garden without much loss, and there is even a desire to go there. All the changes we have described before are usually short-lived, pass quickly and do not cause disease.

Such a child:

• enters the group calmly, carefully looks around;
• looks into the eyes of the teacher when he addresses him;
• can ask for help if necessary;
• he is able to make contacts;
• can occupy himself, uses substitute items in the game, that is, plays "pretend";
• is in a stable calm or cheerful mood;
• moderately emotional, his emotions are easy to recognize;
• adopts established rules of conduct;
• responds normally to approval or remark, and then independently changes his behavior;
• knows how to be kind to other children, to play next to them.

2. Adaptation of moderate severity. Children in this group often begin to get sick, but it does not come to nervous disorders. Such a reaction of the baby's body is quite understandable: in the kindergarten, children begin to actively "exchange" various infections, which for some can be completely harmless, but for others - dangerous. Therefore, many children in the period of adaptation to the kindergarten begin different acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections. In this case, a doctor can help the baby - timely measures taken will reduce the risk of the crumbs falling ill, and his adaptation will approach favorable.

Toddler experiencing moderate adjustment:

• agrees to communicate when he likes the actions of the educator;
• after the first minutes of tension, gradually ready to make contact with other children, can expand the game;
• adequately responds to encouragement and comments addressed to him;
• can conduct a kind of experiment, violating the norms and rules of behavior.

Adaptation of this type takes an average of a month and a half, sometimes in the process of getting used to the child gets sick. But, as a rule, the disease does not give any complications.

3. Heavy adaptation. In such cases, the baby tends to react to a change of scenery not only with colds, but also with a nervous breakdown. This option, of course, is the most unfavorable.

With this type of adaptation, the baby:

• does not make contact, or agrees to communicate only with the help of parents;
• anxious, closed;
• does not detain attention on toys, passes from one to another;
• can't deploy the game;
• gets frightened in response to the remark or encouragement of the educator, seeks support from the mother, or does not react at all.

A pediatrician and a child psychologist, in some cases a neuropathologist, can help a crumb who is experiencing a difficult adaptation. And, of course, do not forget about the important role of parents in this difficult process of addiction.

Of course, all these types of adaptation are very conditional. After all, each kid in his own way gets used to a new life in the garden. Someone needs only a week to adapt, someone needs a month, and someone, maybe six months. The length of the adjustment period depends on many factors, including:

• baby's temperament. Usually choleric and melancholic people adapt to new conditions worse and longer than sanguine people;
• the state of health of the crumbs;
• family environment;
• the level of readiness of parents (yes, yes, that's right!) For such an important event in the life of the crumbs.

To help your child successfully adapt to kindergarten, listen to the simple recommendations of experts:

1. Before visiting the kindergarten, carefully prepare by teaching the crumbs the skills of independence. The child must be able to:

• eat independently, using a spoon, fork, mug;
• wash;
• dress and undress;
• use a pot;
• use a handkerchief.

When the baby masters all these tricks, his adaptation process will be much easier.

To make it easier for the baby to undress and dress himself, buy him comfortable and practical things without extra fasteners and zippers. It is better if they fasten with buttons than with buttons. Then the child will be able to easily cope with changing clothes himself, without involving the educator once again.

The same comfort requirements apply to shoes. It should hold well on the leg, not press, not fly off, and be fixed with Velcro. Then the baby will be able to change shoes alone. Before taking the clothes to the kindergarten, practice dressing and shoes with the crumbs at home. If the baby is already used to such an outfit, it will be easier and faster for him to change clothes in the garden.

2. Tune your baby in a major way. Tell him how great it is that he has already become so big and has grown to a kindergarten. Explain to the baby where he has to go, what he will do there, read fairy tales about visiting the kindergarten, play “kindergarten” with toys, walk in the garden. If there is such an opportunity, introduce the baby to the teacher in advance - then when she enters the kindergarten, she will no longer be a “stranger aunt” for him.

3. Try to observe a clear daily routine, as close as possible to the "sadovsky". It is advisable to start such preparation at least a month before visiting the garden. That is, roughly your daily routine should be like this:

• 7-30 - get up, wash, brush your teeth, get dressed;
• 8-30 - the time of arrival in the kindergarten;
• 8-40 - breakfast reception;
• 10-30 -12-00 - walk;
• 12-15 - 12-45 - lunch;
• 13-00 - 15-00 - daytime sleep,
• 15-30 - afternoon snack.

Of course, this schedule is approximate, and it is better to clarify exactly “your” mode in the garden.

In order to get up easily in the morning, it is best to lie down in the evening no later than half past nine or nine. So you can prepare the baby for the regimen, and when he enters the garden, this will no longer be stressful for him. By the way, and then, when the baby will already go to the garden, do not change his regimen on weekends. Of course, you can let him sleep a little longer, but you should not significantly shift the daily routine.

4. In the evening after kindergarten, share with the baby the impressions of the day. Ask him how his day went, what he did in kindergarten, who he played with, what he liked best. Tell him about your day, what made you happy. And be sure to carefully consider the complaints of the baby. If the child complains about the teacher and because of her does not want to go to the garden, carefully ask the baby what exactly he does not like. It is possible that the baby fantasizes a little, this is quite characteristic of the child's psyche at an early age. Try to talk to the teacher - discuss with her the upbringing and behavior of your crumbs. In most cases, you can fix the situation together. In addition, no one forbids you to look at the teacher, for example, taking the baby a little earlier than usual. Pay attention to how she communicates with children. If something worries you, you can always transfer the baby to another group in the garden.

If your child seems tormented and nervous, do not panic ahead of time. Such a reaction is quite natural for the first days of adaptation. After all, the baby is not yet ready for so much new information and emotions. Give him time to adjust without scolding him for bad behavior, not knowing the rules, or not wanting to follow them. Not all at once. Give the baby the opportunity to "discharge" at home - play pranks, make a little noise and run.

5. In the presence of the child, always speak positively about the teachers and the garden. Even if you don't like something, don't say it out loud in front of your child. Your assessment is very important for the baby, and it will be much easier for him to go to kindergarten, respecting the teachers. You can tell your friends what a good kindergarten you have chosen for your crumbs and what wonderful people work there.

6. Tell your baby when you take him home, and be sure to keep your promises. If the baby knows that his mother will come after dinner, or after a walk, he will be calmer and more confident. But do not deceive the trust of your child - do not be late, do not come later than promised.

7. Do not overload the nervous system of the crumbs during the adaptation period. Do not wean him at this time from "bad" habits, for example, from the pacifier. He has a lot of changes now, and there is no need to add more tension. It is also worth temporarily stopping visits, to the theater, to the circus, to transfer vaccinations, to reduce TV viewing.

8. Create a conflict-free and calm atmosphere for your baby at home. Do not forget about the constant manifestations of love: hug the baby more often, say gentle words, stroke the head. Be sure to celebrate his successes, praise. After all, the baby now most of all needs your support and warm participation!

9. When leaving, part with the baby quickly and easily. Long goodbyes will cause more tears, and your worried face will give the baby the alarm that something might happen to him in the kindergarten.

10. Come up with your farewell ritual - kiss, say "bye-bye", wave your hand. Such constancy will help the baby quickly get used to the new conditions.

11. If it is very difficult for the baby to part with his mother, make sure that the first few weeks the baby is taken to the kindergarten by dad or grandparents.

12. Bring your baby to kindergarten a little earlier or a little later than other parents. Thus, unnecessary tears "for the company" can be avoided.

13. Give the baby to the kindergarten his favorite toy. Holding something soft to him that reminds him of home, the baby will become much calmer.

14. Get ready for kindergarten in the evening. Say what toy the baby will take with him, what he will wear, put everything in a bag and put it in the corridor.

15. Be patient with your baby's whims. Remember, they appear from an overload of the nervous system. It is better to hug the child, calm him down, play together.

16. Both in the kindergarten and at home, talk to the baby confidently and calmly. Be friendly and persistent when changing clothes, waking up in the kindergarten. Voice all your actions. Such simple recommendations will help the baby to believe that everything is fine, and nothing will happen to him in the kindergarten.

17. Dress your child appropriately according to the temperature in the group. Excessive wrapping is not conducive to health.
18. If you notice strong deviations from the usual behavior of the crumbs, seek help from a doctor or child psychologist.

19. Teach your child to kindergarten gradually. At first, it is enough to leave it in the garden for 1-2 hours. After a week or two, the time spent in the group can be increased. After another two or three weeks, you can leave the crumbs in the kindergarten until bedtime. And only after all this try to leave it in the garden for the whole day.

20. If you notice the first signs of infection in the crumbs - sneezing, runny nose, coughing - immediately take him home and call a doctor. This way you can avoid possible complications.

21. Talk to your doctor about what measures can be taken to prevent ARI. Perhaps it will be sprays based on sea water, or other preparations.

22. If possible, strengthen the immune system of the crumbs with the help of stabbing and walking. Ventilate the rooms regularly, leave the window open at night.

23. Remember: the cause of constant colds most often lies in the psyche. Experts call this phenomenon "flight into disease." This does not mean that the baby is deliberately catching a cold. No, the baby does not realize this to himself, but the body begins to weaken, easily amenable to negative influence. Therefore, it is important not only to carry out physical measures to improve the health of the baby, but also to help him restore spiritual harmony.

Taboo list for parents

1. You can’t punish, scold, shame a child for crying and not wanting to go to kindergarten.
2. You can not compare the behavior of the crumbs with the behavior of other children. Better show him how much you love him!
3. You can not scare the baby kindergarten. After all, a place that frightens is unlikely to ever become safe, much less loved.
4. You can’t coax a baby with promises of gifts if he agrees to go to kindergarten.
5. You can not speak negatively about the kindergarten and educators with the child. So you will only increase his anxiety, and he will start to think that the kindergarten is a bad place with bad people.
6. You can not deceive the baby, promising him that you will come very soon, and leaving him for the whole day in the kindergarten. Let him know better that he will have to wait a long time for his mother than he will lose confidence in you forever.
7. You can not take a sick child to kindergarten.

And most importantly, remember: until the moment when going to kindergarten becomes a joyful and familiar thing for the crumbs, a lot of time can pass. Undoubtedly, the period of adaptation to kindergarten is not easy not only for the baby, but also for the mother, because it is not very easy to immediately entrust the upbringing of your child to strangers. Don't expect addiction to go away very quickly. It is quite possible that in order to get used to the absence of a mother nearby and the need to contact a large number of peers, the baby will need its own, certain amount of time. Give him that time!

Anna Kutyavina