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Fabric that glitters. Description of fabrics

blouse fabrics

Atlas - dense silk or semi-silk fabric with a shiny and very smooth surface. Atlas is also used as lining for coats and hats.

Satin - stretch- a classic among evening fabrics. It is beautiful, comfortable and, among other things, provides a perfect fit.

Atlas - crash- shiny crinkled fabric (with "wrinkles" wrinkled in the shared direction) will look original in a wedding dress. A shiny fabric with characteristic "wrinkled" folds, snow-white or champagne-colored, is good in itself, so it does not require a complex style and additional decorations.

Guipure- a common name for a variety of types of lace. This is both coarse lace with a relief pattern based on a mesh and lace without a warp, as if woven on bobbins. The composition, as a rule, contains polyester and lurex. The latter gives the guipure a characteristic stiffness.

Guipure - metallic- perhaps the most modest of guipure. More dense, less transparent. The woven shimmering threads create a characteristic metallic sheen.

Leather - guipure. A guipure cloth is glued on a base of thin leather. The result is a material with a moderate sheen, suitable for extravagant evening wear.

Lace fabric- transparent openwork fabric with patterns on a mesh background is indispensable for an evening dress. Large matte flowers on a silk mesh, embossed, smooth lace (mesh and pattern are weaved at the same time) - there are many options. An evening dress can consist entirely of sensual lace, or it can act as separate elements, for example, lace sleeves or a back.

Crash- the general name for crinkled fabrics. As a result of pressing on thin materials made of synthetic fibers, durable wrinkled folds are formed. Usually they are jammed in the share direction and are expressed more or less strongly. Crash fabrics do not iron.

Lycra- smooth, easily extensible fabric, translucent, with a brilliant dusting. Rough to the touch, with characteristic nodules, reminiscent of brocade. Lycra with the addition of elastane is an excellent material for a swimwear. Dense, elastic, with a noble matte sheen, it will provide the necessary fit and support even curvy shapes. 100% polyester lycra is a less dense but no less beautiful option, ideal for a tankini model. You can choose from the classic "bathing" range: pink, black, dark blue, blue.

Lame- shiny iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny showy threads.

Organza- the lightest, transparent, but dense material with an iridescent surface. Ideal for both Asian-inspired blouses and sports anorak blouses with a hood. Organza "Flowers" - a particularly dense, even tough, transparent fabric, perfectly keeps its shape. Especially good for airy decorative scarves. Organza-crash - less transparent, due to the characteristic "reaped" surface. When working with this fabric, stretch it as little as possible so that the wrinkled folds do not smooth out. In order not to stretch the armholes and shoulder seams, when laying the line, an oblique trim is attached. Polyester organza - often used for sewing sheer puffy sleeves, as well as for lining under a lace bodice, reinforcing thin lace or a puffy cancan petticoat.

Brocade- intricately patterned decorative fabric with a silk base. Contains metallic threads (silver or gold) that give it rigidity, massiveness, flexibility and shine. Used for theatrical costumes or formal wear. Replaced by fabrics made of synthetic fibers. Lycra brocade is a smooth, heavy fabric that looks like lacquer. It does not have the rigidity of a classic brocade, it stretches perfectly. Silk brocade is a very dense, heavy, smooth fabric made from 100% silk. Can be jacquard or embroidered. Suitable for evening wear. Viscose brocade is a magnificent dense champagne-colored fabric with an unobtrusive pattern and discreet splashes of lurex.

taffeta satin- dense, light, wonderfully rustling fabric with the effect of overflowing colors acts as an alternative to elastic materials for tight-fitting models. It is characterized by some rigidity, thanks to which the clothes keep their shape perfectly. Best of all, taffeta-satin is suitable for a blouse that will look decent with and without a jacket.

Fukra- a common name for fabrics that have a compressed structure (as if embossed pattern). The most common is taffeta-fukra, costume fukra.

Silk- a noble fabric with a durable and smooth surface is used for sewing products such as blouses, dresses, scarves, suits. Wet silk is a silk fabric with a slightly fluffy "peach" surface. Such silk is not washed, but dry-cleaned. Silk "Koshibo" is a dense, opaque, matte fabric. Less smooth than classic types of silk.

Dress fabrics

Viscose- fabrics made of viscose threads are more massive, tougher than, for example, natural silk. They have a more pronounced weave due to the thickness of the threads. Viscose is easily wrinkled, prone to shrinkage. Disadvantage: high shedding of threads along the cuts of parts. Viscose-chiffon is a light, translucent, flowing fabric with a noble matte sheen. It captivates with a light "watercolor" pattern, a pleasant silky structure and the opportunity to purchase a companion fabric for it. A great option is a blouse and a top made from these fabrics. Viscose with the addition of wool and synthetics is suitable for both elegant and casual wear. The effect of modesty and sophistication is created by a heterogeneous structure in which the matte surface is combined with translucent striped inserts. Not an ounce of shine, but it looks quite elegant.

Jersey- thin pliable knitted material of those that gently caress the body. Dresses, skirts, jersey jackets look great, thanks to the material's ability to gently fall. Jersey is also very practical: it easily tolerates even a long stay in a suitcase and does not require special care. "Beta jersey" - a dense material similar to gold and silver with stains can be interesting for a bathing suit. This fabric can not be called very practical, but in a bikini from it you will definitely become the queen of the beach!

Jacquard- the collective name of all fabrics, in the pattern of which different types of interweaving of threads alternate. The use of different threads - matte and shiny, light and dark - enhances this effect. The composition of the fabric may be different, but if the name contains "jacquard", then this is necessarily a fabric with a pronounced large pattern.

Georgette- light, very thin, translucent fabric, harsh to the touch. This fabric is similar to crepe georgette. Women's elegant dresses, blouses are sewn from it.

Crepe- the general name for all fabrics from twisted (crepe) threads and fabrics of a special crepe weave with a characteristic grainy surface. Shirts, bed and night linen, dresses, blouses are sewn from cotton crepe. Woolen crepe is suitable for dresses, blouses. Crepe satin is a well-draped dense fabric. The front side of crepe-satin is smooth and shiny (reminiscent of satin), the wrong side is matte, with a coarse-grained surface. This effect can be emphasized in models. For example, use the smooth surface of crepe satin for finishing. Or sew a suit, in which for the jacket and skirt choose a matte "wrong" surface of the fabric, and for the top - a smooth, "front" one. Crepe chiffon is a translucent fabric, denser than classic chiffon, with a characteristic crepe structure. Moss - crepe comes in different densities, some types of this fabric are quite transparent. It has an unobtrusive shimmery sheen. Suitable for modest evening dresses and suits. Crepe georgette - silk fabric, thin, translucent, more shiny than crepe de chine. Differs in rigidity, elasticity, flowability. Blouses, dresses are sewn from this fabric, used for decoration. Double crepe is a fairly dense, lightweight fabric with a characteristic grainy surface. This classic fabric - plastic, sliding - can be matte or softly shimmery. It is very good for summer and dressy wide flowing gauze trousers.

Crepe de chine- silk fabric with a moderate sheen, the surface is fine-grained. Suitable for blouses, dresses.

Linen. This is a durable, low-stretch fabric with an expressive embossed surface, hygroscopic. As a rule, linen in its pure form is not used in the dress group of fabrics. Often found: Linen with lavsan. This is a woolly, beautiful fabric. It does not wrinkle, keeps its shape, but its hygroscopicity is lower. Linen with viscose. Silky fabric, well draped, hygroscopic, but easily wrinkled. Linen with silk is a fabric that combines the positive properties of both natural fibers. Thanks to the presence of linen, this blended material has a pleasant coolness, while silk makes it soft to the touch and less wrinkled. This modest-looking fabric is ideal for a sports blouse-shirt, jacket-shirt.

Poplin- dense, smooth, soft fabric with a small transverse scar. Whatever its composition - silk, viscose or synthetic - this is the optimal fabric for feminine dresses and blouses. It has a soft and beautiful fall and has a noble sheen. Cotton poplin. Due to the thinness and density, models made of such poplin are particularly light and perfectly keep their shape. In addition, this fabric is easy to work with and care for. Nylon poplin. Soft, lightweight, breathable, does not wrinkle. Combines the highest comfort with a spectacular modern look. Extremely easy to care for: washable at 30 degrees and does not require ironing. After drying, poplin clothes can be put on immediately.

satin- cotton, silk or woolen smooth fabric with a shiny surface. Cotton satin is recommended for dressing gowns, dresses, and work clothes. From woolen satin sew elegant ladies' clothes.

Grid- the canvas, consisting of small, delicate cells, resembles tulle and is used to make inserts and some distances of the dress, for example, an invisible neckline. Mesh - stretch with a printed floral pattern is a delicate soft fabric, especially relevant in the coming summer. It stretches superbly in all directions, is pleasant to the body and reflects the trend of lightness and transparency in clothing. Mesh-lace silver color is an embroidered floral motifs with the addition of lurex on a mesh basis. The pattern convex on both sides makes the fabric rather rigid, inelastic, but keeps its shape well and is very elegant.

Taffeta- elegant, crispy fabric, dense to the touch, with a characteristic, pronounced structure - a scar on the surface, a "dry" carcass and an unobtrusive sheen. Rigidity is given by finishing (chemical treatment) and therefore taffeta is heavily wrinkled. Another disadvantage is flowability and a tendency to shrink, which must be taken into account when cutting. Evening dresses, blouses are sewn from it. Covers are used for dresses, petticoats. It is also very suitable for classic evening trousers or stylish 3/4 trousers. Polyester taffeta is a dense, very smooth, wonderfully rustling fabric with a noble sheen, it is very suitable for an elegant dress. Viscose taffeta is good for a summer outfit: it is less rigid with a body-friendly "cotton" structure and a shimmering sheen. Tapestry taffeta is another "squeak", which resulted in a new flight of designers' imagination. It makes such charming vests and bell skirts! Taffeta welcomes the neighborhood with other exquisite materials, such as guipure, lace. This can be used in the evening model of trousers and dresses.

Knitwear. Such a multi-faceted, but always elastic, flowing, tight-fitting jersey is indispensable for the slim-line silhouette, which many prefer for an evening dress or suit. Knitwear jersey in a modern design is the thinnest, delicate, surprisingly pleasant to the touch fabric. It is able to fit perfectly and flow softly - it all depends on the silhouette you choose. It can be an open evening dress, a light suit in a sporty style, a top that sits like a second skin. Another plus of this fabric is the fashionable sand scale and safari shades. However, juicy stuffings, a variety of checks and stripes are also waiting for their application. Day-Night jersey is a translucent flowing fabric, which, thanks to the play of light, looks either matte or shiny. Knitwear with lurex is a rather dense, but light fabric with a pasted pattern. There are several interesting coating options: on one, strokes and patches of dazzlingly bright paint seem to be applied by hand; the other - dazzling white - as if thickly "powdered" with sparkling hoarfrost. Knitwear "Renovella" is a dense light fabric with a slightly velvety surface. Discreet jacquard pattern "veined" remotely resembles thin skin. A top or shirt made from this jersey will look great with any warm suit. The traditional combi-partner is a tweed two-piece, the actual one is trousers made of satin fabric. Polyester jersey is less elastic, but very effective material. By the way, you will have to wear jersey with jeans colors, because super trendy denim swimwear is expensive and not very comfortable to wear. Comfortable, delicate, unpretentious fabric - what could be better for a bathing suit? For bold, uninhibited girls - catchy shimmering knitwear. The most extravagant leotard will come out of the "Hologram" jersey - a fabric with a shiny finish.

Shanzhan. Using differently colored threads in the production of smooth fabrics, they get the effect of iridescent color - the effect of "shanzhan". Such a fabric, regardless of the composition, always looks elegant. Blouses, dresses, and even jackets are sewn from it.

Chiffon- a thin flowing fabric made of synthetic or silk threads of crepe twist with a plain weave with a characteristic granular surface. Very transparent, reminiscent of a veil. Now in stores you can find an infinite number of different chiffons. Double-sided chiffon is a material consisting of two layers freely connected to each other. The layers are designed in different overlapping tones, which form an interesting play of color and pattern. In our case, these are white exquisite floral motifs on light gray. Flip the fabric over and get gray on white. Chiffon with embroidery. Delicate floral patterns are usually embroidered with colored, silver or gold threads. Light capes for dresses are sewn from such chiffon. It can also serve as the top of a multilayer suit. Chiffon with lurex. A translucent and smooth fabric with a soft iridescent sheen. If you look closely, the longitudinal threads of Lurex are clearly visible. Chiffon with sequins. If you don't want your blouse or dress to be too "shine" - choose just such a chiffon. Under the many small sparkling sequins, the transparent base is not so noticeable. Looks very elegant! Satin chiffon combines the best qualities of two materials - transparency and perfect smoothness. The result is a delicate fabric suitable for elegant blouses and dresses. Chiffon - jacquard. It will make a great outfit - and a wedding dress, and evening, and graduation. Transparent elements in this fabric are interestingly combined with denser ones, making up an original abstract pattern.

Cotton - stretch- dense, but surprisingly easy material. The addition of elastic fibers does not allow it to wrinkle much. A wide range of colors, based on many bright "summer" shades, makes this fabric versatile. Expensive stretch cottons have haute couture touches, such as feathers. The plastic fabric that emphasizes the lines of the body looks equally good in seductive tops and romantic dresses. Not to mention that cotton is one of the most comfortable materials on a hot day.

Types of fabrics and their characteristics.

High-quality, fashionable and beautiful fabric is the key to the success of any garment. The fabric is created by interlacing the warp and weft threads, located mutually perpendicular to each other, using a loom. Various types of fabrics are created due to the characteristics of the raw materials and weaving weaves that determine its structure, appearance and properties. What are the fabrics and what are their characteristics, properties, weaves? This will be discussed in this article. We will present the types of fabrics in detailed descriptions and with photos so that you can navigate this topic.

According to the type of raw materials, all types of fabrics can be divided into three large groups: natural, artificial and synthetic. There is also spinous tissue of mineral origin, but it is used only in the construction industry.

The first group includes fabrics made from fibers of plant and animal origin: cotton, linen, jute, hemp, wool and silk.

Artificial fabrics are obtained from natural substances of organic origin - cellulose, proteins, and inorganic - glass, metal. These are viscose, acetate, fabrics with metallic threads and lurex.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer threads. These include: polyamide fabrics - dederon, hemlon, silon; polyesters - tesil, sloter, diolen; polypropylene and polyvinyl fabrics - dralon and kashmilon.

The textural features of various types of fabrics - gloss, pile, "sandy surface" - largely depend on the type of weaving.

Plain (smooth or main) weaves of warp and weft threads are linen (taffeta), twill (twill) and satin (satin). Special weaves have crepe and fine-grained fabrics (canvas). Plaid and striped fabrics have a compound (combined) weave. Fabrics with complex patterns have a jacquard weave. To create pile fabrics, a weft-pile weave (semi-velvet, velveteen) or warp-pile weave (velvet, plush) is used. In the manufacture of fine-woven fabrics such as drape and some types of silk, a two-layer weave is used, in which two separate fabric sheets are formed, interconnected by special weft or warp threads.

According to the color scheme, the types of fabrics can be divided into plain and multi-color - melange, printed, multi-colored, mulirovanny.

Over the centuries-old history of weaving, a huge number of different types of fabrics have been created, striking with a variety of textures, patterns and surface effects.

The most famous types of fabrics and their names:

Openwork - a fabric made of cotton, woolen or silk yarn, which has a through ornament. It was very popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Alpaca is a light, soft, thin fabric made in plain or twill weave from the wool of the domestic animal of the same name, which is bred in Peru and Bolivia. A very valuable type of wool.

Angora (angora wool) - made from the wool of angora rabbits and goats bred on farms in England, France, Italy, Japan. Used in knitwear.

Satin - one-colored fabric made of silk threads with a shiny satin weave surface. Translated from Arabic, "atlas" means "smooth". Atlas has been known in Russia since the 15th century: it was widely used for making clothes for the nobility - caftans, feryazi, zipuns, sundresses and shirts. In modern fashion, women's dresses for special occasions, elegant blouses and suits are made from it. Satin is also used as a lining fabric.

Types of fabrics - photo: fabric satin, alpaca, velvet, cambric, supplex, boucle, velveteen, velor and viscose.

Acetate silk is a silk made from man-made fibers first obtained in 1925 by chemists Celanese Corp. of America (USA).

Velvet is a cotton, soft fabric with a pile surface. Velvet can be plain-dyed or patterned. It is used to make evening dresses and suits, trousers and jackets. Stretch velvet is superbly stretchable and fits the figure well thanks to the elastic fibers in the composition of the fabric. Used to make leggings and sweatshirts.

Batiste - light and dense, delicate to the touch, cotton or linen fabric with plain weave. The fabric is named after the Flemish weaver Baptiste of Cambrai, who first made it in the 13th century. Blouses, dresses, women's and children's underwear, handkerchiefs are made from cambric.

Brokat is a silk fabric with a smooth carded pattern and with gold or silver threads (lurex). The latest developments of this fabric are made from synthetic fibers. Brocat is used to make elegant blouses and dresses, as well as men's evening jackets.

Boston is a plain dyed twill weave made of high quality wool with increased wear resistance. Used to make costumes.

Boucle is a thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarn with large knots in the form of irregular loop-like thickenings, due to which “bumps” form on its surface. Used to make women's suits and coats.

Coarse calico - a dense cotton or linen fabric of plain weave, made from carded yarn. Used to make bed linen.

Velveteen cord is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 3-5 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Types of fabrics - photo: gabardine fabrics, guipure (lace), tapestry, devoré, jersey, drape, jacquard fabric, georgette, suede.

Corduroy rib is a cut-pile cotton fabric with pile strips 1 mm wide. It is plain dyed and printed.

Velor (from French Velours - velvet) - the general name for materials that have a pile, velvety front surface. These are not only fabrics (cotton, wool, rayon), but also leather and felt. In some countries, velveteen and velvet are called velor.

Viscose is the name of an artificial fiber made from cellulose and a fabric based on it. Viscose was first made in Great Britain at the end of the 19th century. In its pure form, it has a number of disadvantages (shrinkage during soaking, low strength), however, in combination with other fibers, high-quality fabrics are obtained.

Veil - a thin, transparent fabric made of cotton threads of plain weave. Weight of 1 square meter from 60 to 105 g.

Gabardine - (from Spanish - "gabardina" - protection from the elements) - a pure woolen or semi-woolen fabric of twill weave, on the surface of which there are pronounced diagonal scars. The fabric has high wear resistance and water resistance due to the density and uniformity of the surface. It is used for the manufacture of women's and men's suits, coats and raincoats.

Gas is a transparent, almost weightless silk or cotton fabric of a special weave, in which the weft and warp threads retain space. Depending on the manufacturing characteristics, gas was obtained as a satin, canvas or twill.

Garus is a type of woolen fabric named after the city of Arras in Flanders, where it was made.

Guipure is a lace fabric made of thin cotton or silk threads, consisting of fragments sewn with a needle or made using bobbins, interconnected. Today guipure is made by machine.

Denim (denim) - (from French De Nim - from Nimes) - cotton fabric of plain or twill weave, characterized by high strength and density. Named after the city of Nimes, where it was first made. In the beginning it was used for the manufacture of work clothes for gold miners, in our time - for everyday jeans.

Devore is a fabric, the pattern on which is obtained by burning (chemical etching) of part of the fibers.

Types of fabrics - photo: cashmere, crash, lycra, varnish, linen, organza, brocade, pique, plush.

Jersey is a knitted fabric (single or double) machine knitted with a small loop pitch, which has high stretch and a smooth surface. Jersey is made from combed wool, sometimes from cotton, silk or man-made fibres. Wool jersey was introduced into fashion by Coco Chanel.

Drap (from French Drap - cloth) - a soft woolen fabric with a smooth surface, on which, as a result of the roll, a felt-like covering is formed, covering the weaving. Drapes can be one- and two-faced, plain and multi-color, nap and smooth. Used for sewing men's and women's coats.

Cashmere is a woolen or semi-woolen fabric with a diagonal rib on the surface, made from the wool of the Himalayan goat. The name of the fabric comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from which the fabric was imported to Europe since the 18th century. However, this is also the name of the goat, from the wool of which this fabric is produced.

Crepe de Chine (fr. Crepe de Chine) - a fabric made from silk threads made from raw silk in the base and crepe silk in the weft or a fabric made from artificial threads made from a slightly twisted warp and a high crepe twist weft (surface density - 130 g /m2). Crepe de chine has a matte finish.

Crepe georgette is a thin, translucent fabric made of crepe-twist silk threads in a plain weave warp and weft. It is characterized by rigidity, elasticity, flowability of edges. It is used for making dresses, blouses, and also for decoration.

Crepe satin is a two-sided fabric made of artificial silk threads: one side is satin, the other is matte with a crepe effect. Both sides can be used as front.

Crepe-chiffon is a fabric made from natural twisted threads of silk-crepe in the warp and weft of plain weave (surface density 25 g/m2). The fabric has a matte surface, like all fabrics of the crepe group.

Linen is a fabric made from threads produced from flax stalks. Linen is a natural material with excellent hygienic properties: it allows air to pass through and pleasantly cools the skin on a hot summer day.

Organdy (from French Organdi - hard dressing fabric) is a thin, transparent, hard cotton fabric, which is native to East India.

Organza is a hard to the touch, transparent fabric made from natural silk or chemical fibers.

Brocade is a complex fabric with patterns of gold and silver threads. It was imported to Russia from Turkey and Iran, later from France and Italy, and from the 18th century its production was established in Russia.

Pique is a cotton or silk fabric with a complex interweaving of fibers, which has a characteristic texture of the front side in the form of longitudinal stripes. Used to make women's dresses, blouses, suits.

Polyamide (nylon) is a synthetic fiber and fabric made from it, which has high wear resistance and exceptional tensile strength.

Types of fabrics - photo from left to right: poplin, rep, cloth, taffeta, tweed, fukra, cotton, silk, silk satin.

Polyester is a new synthetic material with good breathability and softness.

Semi-velvet is a dense cotton fabric with a pile surface obtained due to a weft-pile weave.

Poplin is a dense plain weave fabric made from cotton, silk or woolen threads. It has a small transverse scar due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is greater than that of the weft threads. Silk poplin is used to make elegant dresses.

Rep is a dense fabric made of cotton, silk and woolen threads, made from combed yarn in the warp and weft, plain weave. The fabric has a “ribbed” texture due to the fact that the density of the warp threads is higher than the density of the weft threads: the surface of the fabric is formed from the warp threads, and the weft threads, being in the middle, form transverse scars.

Twill - a fabric made of silk or woolen threads of twill weave. Silk twill is an excellent material for lining, and woolen for outerwear.

Satin is a fabric with a shiny surface made of silk, cotton and woolen threads with a satin weave. Silk satin is a stunningly beautiful material for making wedding and elegant dresses. Cotton satin is used to make home and work clothes. Wool satin is used for outerwear.

Broadcloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, obtained by weaving medium thickness carded yarn in the warp and thick hardware yarn in the weft. In the process of finishing, the fabric is piled, then the pile is sheared and pressed. Cloth is used to make coats and suits.

Taffeta is a dense silk fabric, one-colored or multicolored, with a ribbed texture. Used for ball gowns.

Types of fabrics - photo: wool, chiffon, staple fabric. Weaves of fabric from left to right: plain, twill and satin weave.

Tweed (English, tweed) is a coarse woolen fabric with a twill weave. Named after the river in Scotland, along the banks of which there were textile enterprises for the production of these fabrics.

Taktel is a fabric made of fine fiber containing 100% cellulose, has high wear resistance, windproofness and good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, "breathes".

Flannel is a cotton or wool fabric of rep (weft) or twill weave, which has a double-sided sparse pile. Cotton flannel is used to make linen. Men's and women's clothing is made from soft and warm woolen flannel: suits, skirts, trousers.

Cotton is a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Shanzhan - natural or artificial silk with an iridescent effect, obtained thanks to multi-colored warp and weft threads.

Cheviot is a one-color sparse woolen fabric of twill weave, which is subjected to felting and shearing. It is used for the manufacture of outerwear.

Silk is a lightweight fabric made from threads obtained from silkworm cocoons.

Wool - a fabric made from natural fibers made from the wool of sheep, camels, goats.

Chiffon is a very thin, delicate translucent fabric made from threads of silk, cotton, viscose or synthetic crepe twist. Silk chiffon is considered the best - smooth, shiny, flowing.

Tartan - a term for a fabric with a pattern in a large check.

Staple - a soft fabric made of silky fiber based on cellulose with the addition of cotton, has good hygienic properties and is used in the summer range of clothing.

A variety of fabrics allow every woman to find her own unique look and style!

Irina Shestakova for fammeo.ru

Currently, the industry offers a huge range of different fabrics for clothing, each of which has its own characteristics, structure and properties. The properties of fabrics are determined by the characteristics of the fibers included in their composition. Today, sewing materials are produced on the basis of natural and chemical fibers.

natural fabrics and the fibers used for their production can be of vegetable, animal and mineral (asbestos) origin. The first group (plant tissues) includes those made from cotton fibers, flax stalks, hemp, jute, gorse, etc. The group of natural animal tissues is woolen, as well as those made from down of sheep, goats, rabbits, vicuña, llamas, camels, alpacas.

An independent group of fibers of animal origin is natural silk fiber, which is a frozen secretion from the special glands of silkworm caterpillars.

chemical fiber conventionally divided into 2 groups: artificial and synthetic. The former are obtained through special processing of raw materials that are of mineral, vegetable or animal origin. Synthetic fiber is produced by the method of synthesis of initial substances, which can be gas, oil, coal, etc.

Of the artificial fabrics, the most popular are viscose (obtained on the basis of a solution of cellulose polymer), acetate (made by processing a solution of cellulose acetate), as well as copper-ammonia. Chemical synthetic fabrics are made from nylon, lavsan, chlorine and nitron fibers.

Fabric properties

As noted above, all fabrics differ in properties that depend on the quality and characteristics of the raw material. Below are the characteristics of the most common and frequently used fabrics in the sewing business.

Cotton fabrics. It is one of the most common materials for the manufacture of clothing, linen, and household accessories. Their popularity is due to their high quality and special properties, which include hygroscopicity, strength and a high degree of hygiene.

Products made of cotton fabrics have an attractive appearance. In addition, they are easy to wash and iron.

Cotton fabrics are produced both using pure raw materials (cotton) and with additives (natural and artificial fibers).

Linen fabrics. As well as cotton, linen fabrics belong to the group of dresses and underwear. In comparison with the first ones, they are somewhat rougher in texture, but they are not inferior to them in terms of hygiene, wear resistance and strength, and are easily erased.

It is known that fabrics made from pure linen are very wrinkled and quite difficult to iron. The addition of artificial or synthetic fibers to the initial raw material during the production process makes it possible to give linen fabrics a significant increase in elasticity and crease resistance.

Fabrics made from high-quality linen varieties are characterized by silkiness, shine, plasticity and elasticity.

Natural silk fabrics. Fabrics made from natural silk fibers have a very attractive appearance. Their main characteristics are hygiene, wear resistance and strength. Silk has a characteristic luster, the degree of which depends on the method of weaving and the type of twist of the warp and weft threads.

Silk fabric is light and delicate in texture. It is plastic, which allows it to be draped when sewing clothes, it is easy to wash and iron. Silk fabrics of the crepe group are resistant to creasing.

Woolen fabrics. The raw materials for the production of woolen fabrics are wool and down of animals (sheep, rabbits, llamas, etc.). Wool fabrics are durable and hygienic. In addition, they retain heat well.

Depending on the thickness of the threads, woolen fabrics are thin (crepe) and thick (drape, tweed). Thin woolen fabric has a slight silky sheen.

Wool fabrics are plastic, soft, durable. The addition of other types of fibers to the raw material makes it possible to make them more elastic, resistant to felting (pilling) and creasing.

Viscose fabrics. The chemical composition of viscose fabrics is similar to linen and cotton. As well as the latter, they are hygienic and have an attractive appearance. In addition, they are easy to wash.

Viscose staple is especially popular in the clothing industry, the main characteristics of which are a light silky or matte sheen, softness, plasticity, fluidity, thanks to which it can be draped.

The main disadvantage of viscose fabric is the relatively low strength (especially when wet). In addition, after washing, it shrinks significantly and is easily wrinkled.

The above negative properties of viscose fabrics during their production are reduced by adding synthetic and other types of fiber to the feedstock.

Acetate fabrics. These fabrics belong to the group of artificial, differ in appearance and texture. In most cases, the acetate fabric with its shiny and smooth surface resembles silk.

Acetate fabrics have a number of significant disadvantages, among which should be noted easy crease, low hygiene, relatively low strength. Such a fabric is ironed only when wet.

polyamide fabrics. The main properties of polyamide fabrics are attractive appearance, strength, resistance to wrinkling, low hygroscopicity. Such fabrics

have a silky surface. They are easy to wash. Among other things, the main advantages of the polyamide fabric include high dirt and water repellency.

Among the disadvantages should be mentioned the decrease in strength and the decrease in the brightness of the color with prolonged exposure to sunlight, as well as the rapid absorption of fat.

Mixed fabrics. Blended fabrics are fabrics in the production of which several types of fiber were used. Most of these fabrics are characterized by increased resistance to creasing, hygiene and strength. As a rule, they are easy to wash and iron.

Knitted fabric

Knitted is a fabric made from one or more threads. It is produced using special knitting machines.

When sewing and using knitwear, consider its basic properties. The main characteristic of a knitted fabric is its significant extensibility in comparison with other fabrics. At the same time, it can be stretched in different directions.

One of the advantages of knitwear is low flowability. Thanks to this, the edges of the cut parts can not be processed, leaving the cuts open. However, cutting through the threads can lead to damage to the fabric, which subsequently leads to the opening of the loops.

nonwoven fabric

Non-woven materials - synthetic winterizer, interlining, proclamelin, etc. - are used mainly to strengthen the main details of the cut.

Interlining- a modern material widely used in the clothing industry for the manufacture of cushioning parts. Today, he has replaced such cushioning fabrics as calico, beading and calico.

Gaskets cut from it most often strengthen belts, collars and cuffs.

Sintepon, which once replaced such a popular lining material as batting, is made from synthetic fiber.

The main characteristics of the synthetic winterizer are elasticity, the ability to retain heat and retain shape. In addition, it is non-hygroscopic, so it does not get wet. It is easy to wash and dry.

Alphabetical index of fabrics

OPENWORK: A woven or knit fabric with delicate, lace-like see-through patterns.

VELVET: fabric with thick, long (2-3mm), straight pile. Velvet is often cut against the pile.

Batiste: Lightweight plain-weave fabric made from fine-stapled cotton, linen, wool or viscose.

BELSET: microfiber fabric with peach-skin-like fleecy and soft surface, velor look.

BOUCLET: fabric with an uneven, knotty surface, which is formed by yarn with bulges.

VELVET, RIBBED VELVET: the collective name for velvet fabrics with longitudinal ribs of different widths, from very narrow to wide (1).

VELURE: the collective name for soft fleecy fabrics with a dense short pile.

VICHI: two-tone fabric with contrasting rectangular checks, in cotton or mixed fibres.

HAIR STRETCH: A thin jersey with a velvet-like brushed surface.

VEIL: A sheer, plain-weave fabric, most commonly made of cotton.

KNITTED FABRIC: material imitating hand knitting (9).

GABARDINE: A dense fabric made of cotton, wool or man-made fibers with a pronounced small diagonal rib on the front side, always going from left to bottom to top to right.

The rib gives the gabardine a striped effect (5).

GLENCEK: fabric with a pattern of superimposed cells. Cells may differ in color or be tone-on-tone (6).

Tapestry: A variegated patterned fabric in muted colors with blurry transitions from one color to another.

DOUBLE-SIDED FABRIC: Collective name for fabrics that have two different faces.

DENIM: Denim that has only its warp thread dyed. Weft thread - white. Due to this weave, the front side is most often blue or black, and the wrong side is white (2).

JERSEY: Collective name for a variety of knit fabrics, from lightweight polo jersey to thick wool jersey.

DENIM FABRICS: Predominantly cotton fabrics, often with a little pile. Pre-washed for a slightly worn denim look.

DRAP: soft voluminous fabrics with a long pile.

DUVETIN: the so-called fake velvet is a satin weave fabric made of cotton or viscose with thickened weft threads. After dyeing, the fabric is combed, and it becomes rough.

DUCHES: very shiny, high-quality satin made from silk or man-made fibres.

JACQUARD: the collective name for all fabrics in the pattern of which various types of interweaving of threads alternate. The use of different warp and weft threads (for example, matte and shiny, light and dark) enhances this effect (7).

GEORGETTE AND CREPE-GEORGETTE: A highly twisted crepe-twist fabric with an uneven, finely structured surface. The fabric is soft, flowing to the touch - "sandy".

FAUX FUR: A collective name for fabrics or knitted fabrics covered with thick pile, which mimic real furs well and are very variable in pile length and color.

CLOQUET: crepe two-layer weaving with a "bubble" surface. During the finishing process, the lower layer of the fabric is pulled together, and the upper layer forms uneven swellings. Cloquet cannot be ironed.

LEATHER: natural animal skins. There are nappa leather (like) with a smooth surface and velor leather with a fleecy surface.

CREP: The collective name for fabrics with a grainy, knotted surface, acquired by crepe yarn, weaving threads or embossing on the fabric.

LONGITUDINAL PLEASE CRÉPE: A man-made crepe with a bark-like surface.

CREPE DE CHINE: fine weave with an irregular surface of crepe twist yarn with a plain weave, with a grained surface.

KRINKLE, CRASH: crinkled fabrics. The folds are often wrinkled in the lobar direction and more or less pronounced.

LACE: There are many varieties of lace: embroidered (Plauen), woven (machine), bobbed (Valenciennes) or crocheted (framural).

LAVABLE: washable, light, crepe-like, flowing fabric, with a smooth surface, made of silk or man-made fibres.

LAME: A lustrous, iridescent fabric with metallic and other shiny, showy threads.

LODEN: medium to heavy woolen fabrics, very dense due to felting, and very wearable. Fleecy loden - a fabric covered with a long pile adjacent to one side, cloth-loden - weaving with a matte, lint-free surface resembling felt.

MATLASSE: double fabric with a relief, as if "quilted" pattern.

TERRY FABRIC: A voluminous soft weave made from looped yarns.

WET SILK: A silk fabric that, after washing and rubbing, has a slightly fluffy "peach" surface. Wet silk is not washed, but dry-cleaned.

MUIR: grosgrain weave with fine warp threads. It has a wavy pattern, which is applied during embossing (calendering).

MUSLIN: A light and loose fabric with a plain weave, predominantly cotton or wool.

ORGANZA: sheer rigid plain weave fabric.

PALETTE: fabric or knitted fabric with glittering metal plates sewn on.

PAN VELVET: Very shiny pressed pile velvet fabric.

Papillon: wool poplin with fine cross ribs.

PEPITA: small light dark checkered fabric (6).

PIQUET: A fabric with an embossed pattern reminiscent of machine stitching.

HEAVY TAFFETA: Medium-weight plain weave cotton fabric.

LINING TWILL: a fabric with both sides "faced": one surface is crepe, matt, and the other is shiny, smooth.

POPLIN: A rep weave made with very fine warp threads and thicker weft threads.

REPS: a fabric with pronounced scars, most often transverse.

RIBANA: Stretch fabric with visible cross weaves. Both on the wrong side and on the front side, you can see peculiar pigtails made of small loops of yarn. Basically, ribana fabric is used for finishing finished products - for forming cuffs, collars, etc. However, it can also be used as the main material for sewing underwear or wardrobe items.

"ROMAN JERSEY": heavy, low-elastic double-sided jersey, most often made of high-quality natural wool, with front loops on both sides.

TWILL: Rough cotton fabric with a diagonal effect.

SATIN: Very smooth, softly falling fabric with a shiny surface.

JERSEY WITH TERRY/BREAKING INTERNAL SIDE: cotton or cotton blends with other fibers (8).

SEERSUCKER: a fabric whose entire surface or individual stripes resemble tree bark. In a real fabric with this name, the effect is achieved due to a special weave of threads, in a “fake seersucker” - due to the finishing (chemical treatment) of the fabric.

BLOAD: Woolen fabric with a plain weave that, through felting and a final nap, has a felt-like surface.

TAFFETA: Fabric made from natural silk or man-made fibres. Rigidity is acquired during the finishing process (chemical treatment), and therefore taffeta is heavily wrinkled.

TWEED: A rough knotted wool fabric with a hand-finished look. Warp and weft often come in different colors.

THERMOVELURE: fluffy fabric with double-sided pile, very warm, breathable.

HERBLINE FABRIC: twill weave with pronounced diagonal stripes (4).

FABRIC "CHICKEN'S FOOT": fabric with a small check pattern. The tissue is characterized by denticles at the corners of the cells (3).

RIBBED JERSEY: Stretch material with alternating knit and purl loops.

TULLE: sheer mesh fabric, often with a honeycomb structure.

FASHIONED: weaving with a small pattern, which is formed by changing the type of weave. Most often with a matte-shiny effect.

FIL-A-FIL: fabric with a stepped fine pattern, which is formed by alternating light and dark warp and weft threads.

FLANNEL: The collective name for fabrics made of cotton, viscose or wool, with a one- or two-sided fleece.

How to find out the type of material

To check what kind of material you have, hold a lighted match to a narrow strip of fabric.

Natural plant fibers (cotton, linen, hemp) are easily set on fire. They burn with a big bright flame. There is a smell of burnt paper. After combustion, airborne gray-white ash remains.

Natural animal fibers (wool) burn slowly. The flame is weak, flickering. There is a characteristic smell of burnt hair. The ash is black or brown, crumbling easily.

Natural silk. When burning, the smell of singed hair is felt, less unpleasant than when burning wool. At the end of the burning thread, a charred brittle ball is formed, which is easily crushed.

Man-made fibers (viscose silk, cotton-like and wool-like) burn quickly with a bright flame, like vegetable fibers. There is a smell of burnt paper. Ash is light.

Polyamide fibers burn without smell and melt at the same time. After being removed from the fire, combustion stops. At the end of the burning thread, a slowly cooling plastic mass is formed, which burns strongly. After cooling, it turns into a solid ball.

Polyester fibers burn like polyamide fibers, but are more resistant to elevated temperatures.

Polyacrylonitrile fibers burn odorless and melt. After being removed from the fire, they continue to burn, turning into a plastic mass. When cooled, they form a hard ball.

The fabric has a wide range of applications. It can be used not only for tailoring, but also for tailoring curtains. Curtains are an important part of any interior, because with their help you can fill the room with coziness and comfort. Today, fabrics for curtains are presented in a wide range, which allows you to choose the most suitable option and embody any design idea.

Shiny fabric - for the most radiant outfits

Shiny, shimmering with all colors clothes invariably attracts the eye. Without a doubt, the owner of such a dress will always be in the spotlight. What shiny fabrics the textile industry produces, their properties, characteristics and tailoring features are detailed in our article.

The peak of fashion for shimmering and iridescent fabrics fell on the 80s - early 90s of the twentieth century - the height of the multi-color disco style. After that, for two decades, shiny clothes could only be seen on the stage or concert venues. But everything comes back at some point. And today, shining dresses, blouses, vests, hats, bags can be seen again not only in a nightclub, but also in a normal everyday environment.

Shine and radiance in fabrics are achieved by various means. The main ones are the following:

special weave of threads, giving a smooth shiny surface;
the composition of the fibers, due to which the canvas shimmers;
special spraying;
weaving metal threads;
use of sequins.

Each group of fabrics has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Chic and shine of satin and satin fabrics

The very word "atlas", which in Arabic means "smooth", speaks of the appearance of the material. Whatever products are sewn from it - wedding dresses, bedding, curtains or tablecloths - they all look simply “brilliant”.

This appearance of the fabric is achieved through a special weave, which is called satin. Its distinguishing feature is the predominance of warp threads on the surface, completely covering the wefts. This structure allows the use of blended fibers for production: silk comes out on the front side, and the reverse side is cotton or synthetic.

By the way, silk fibers are not always used as a basis. The satin-weave fabric eraser is 100% cotton, but still has a pleasant sheen. It is used when sewing dresses, skirts, shirts, shirts and other clothes. You can often see curtains, tablecloths, napkins made of eraser.

Another weave of threads, in which the fabrics get a characteristic sheen, is satin. It is the direct opposite of satin: weft threads come out on the front surface, and the main ones are hidden under them.

Satin is the most beautiful and expensive of all cotton materials. Bed linen made from it impresses with its magnificent shiny surface. Mako satin is considered the highest quality, for the production of which only certain varieties of cotton grown in India and Egypt are used.

Oriental overflows of organza and taffeta

Unlike natural fibers, many synthetic fibers are inherently lustrous and shimmery and do not require special craftsmanship to manufacture. Such shining fabrics are used more often not for tailoring (with the exception of evening and stage costumes), but in the production of home textiles.

To give the interior an oriental flavor, curtains made of organza, a gorgeous shiny fabric made from polyester, will help. Sometimes natural silk and viscose are added to the material, which only increases its radiance and iridescent effect.

For the same purpose, manufacturers produce several modifications of organza: crash - with the texture of cracked glass, harvester - with multiple creases and folds or with a special coating.

Interesting to know! Shanzhan organza or, as it is commonly called, “chameleon”, is especially popular among lovers of brilliance. Due to the special interweaving of multi-colored threads, the surface plays with new colors from different angles of view.

Another polyester fabric, taffeta, uses tightly twisted fibers connected by a simple plain weave. This is what gives the material its characteristic radiance.

Taffeta is used for tailoring evening and wedding dresses, carnival and theatrical costumes, beautiful stoles and shawls. Curtains for living rooms, offices or halls, sofa cushions and pillows, tablecloths, bedspreads and various decorative ornaments are often made from this fabric. Many are attracted by the shiny taffeta upholstery on sofas, chairs and armchairs.

Both organza and taffeta bring holiday elements into everyday life. With such fabrics, the rooms look elegant and fabulously rich.

Coated materials: always in the spotlight

The thinnest metallized layer is applied to the fabric in special units under vacuum. Powder particles settle on the surface, firmly connecting with the fibers. The same 100% polyester is used as the basis.

There are materials with a single-color coating or made in the form of fancy drawings and patterns. Glitter can be both saturated and muted, more delicate, but in any case, it always gives the materials a unique charm.

Metallized fabrics are used not only for tailoring beautiful clothes. They are used in the manufacture of curtains and fashionable roller blinds. In this case, the coating plays not only a decorative role, but also serves to reflect the sun's rays, which reduces the temperature in the room and brings comfort.

Interesting to know! Shiny pearl-coated fabric curtains look organic in any interior. In addition to protection from light, they have dirt-repellent and antistatic properties, which are achieved with the help of special impregnations.

Lurex fabrics - temptation and seduction

This is how the word "Lurex" sounds in translation from English, and this is quite true. Elegant dresses, blouses, skirts, underwear, tights and stockings - this is not a complete list of products that, thanks to lurex, look especially attractive and sexy.

By the way, Lurex is not a fabric, but just the thinnest metallized thread, which is pulled from aluminum, copper or nickel foil. It is produced in the USA, Italy, Japan and, of course, in China. Such threads can be mixed with any fibers - cotton, synthetic, silk and even wool. Knitwear made of yarn with metallized threads is very attractive.

Brocade is considered one of the most expensive and rich fabrics with Lurex. Initially, real gold or silver fibers were added to it. Recently, in order to reduce the cost and weight of the canvas, thin foil is used in a polyester sheath, painted in various colors.

Brocade is used for sewing concert outfits, historical costumes for theatrical performances, massive curtains and draperies. Many brides prefer to sew wedding dresses from this expensive and, undoubtedly, the most luxurious material.

Another fabric that is brilliant in every sense and deserves attention is lamé, which means “metal plate” in French. The material is in many ways similar to brocade, but several times thinner and therefore lighter.

The front side of the canvas has a sparkling surface with matte patterns, and the wrong side is its complete opposite. This texture allows fashion designers and designers to embody the most interesting ideas. Lame is used for evening dresses, theatrical and masquerade costumes, curtains, bedspreads and other products. The fabric is very fragile and easily destroyed under the influence of even minor loads.

Interesting to know! Metallized lamé fabric conducts electricity well. Therefore, vests are sewn from it, capable of responding to the slightest touch of a sword, which are worn by fencers.

Lurex thread is often added to jacquard or tapestry fabrics. Curtains, curtains, bedspreads and furniture upholstery made from such canvases have a truly royal look.

Sequin fabrics: beauty requires sacrifice

This is not just a figure of speech familiar to everyone, but the truth, since such canvases are very capricious not only in cutting and tailoring, but also in wearing. The basis in most cases is a light cotton fabric, such as chiffon, or a synthetic mesh.

There are two types of sequins: thin metal or plastic. Methods of attachment to matter are also different. They are sewn on with threads or glued on. Fabrics with sequins planted on glue are quite cheap. But you need to wear such clothes very carefully so that on the first day you don’t lose most of the “beauty”.

With threads, the situation is also not easy. On high-quality (but, of course, more expensive) canvases, the thread with which they are sewn is woven into the material itself, so breaking one or two pieces will not entail any special consequences. In more budget options, the thread is on top, and if it breaks, you can lose a lot of jewelry.

The style should be chosen as simple as possible, with a minimum number of seams. For work, you need to use thin needles that will easily pierce the sequins.

In most cases, it is better to put products on a case so that metal parts do not scratch or irritate the skin. Wash such clothes only by hand, without wringing and twisting. They usually don't need ironing.

Interesting to know! Fabric products with sequins are very difficult to sew on a typewriter. To facilitate the task, experienced craftswomen advise moistening the material with colorless synthetic oil.

Today, sparkling and iridescent canvases are back in trend. But to look really stylish, it is important not to overdo it with shine and shine. Here are some recommendations from leading fashion designers:

Shiny fabrics include many design studios in their collections: Dolche & Gabbana, Alexander McQueen, Gucci, Max Mara and others. Each fashionista can choose the degree of radiance that is suitable only for her.

Instruction

First of all, decide on the choice of style. The more complex the cut of the selected model, the softer and thinner the selected the cloth. If a large number of assemblies, draperies or flounces are envisaged, chiffon, acetate or natural silk, fine taffeta and crepe are ideal choices.

If there is a need to hide excess fat at the waist and at the same time emphasize the figure, the best choice for tailoring dresses will become a dense taffeta. It perfectly holds its shape and drapes well with hard folds.

A dress made of natural silk will become an adornment of your wardrobe. Silk is called the king of fabrics for a reason. It is lightweight, breathable and very durable. A dress made of natural silk can have an arbitrarily complex structure, the seams and folds will be perfect. But keep in mind that, like all natural fibers, silk is very easy to wrinkle. Therefore, in such a dress, you should not come to an event where you will often have to get up and sit down: the skirt will very quickly take on a “chewed” look.

Natural silk and satin have a very slippery surface, keep this in mind when choosing a model. Otherwise, you will have to constantly adjust the sliding straps or hangers.

If your figure is not perfect, do not choose for dresses fabrics with a shiny surface, this visually adds volume. Satin, silk, moire taffeta, satin are more suitable for slim ones.

Do not choose acetate satin for a tight bodice. It stretches and loses its shape very quickly, especially at the seams. In general, a satin dress should look as if the seamstress's hand did not touch it. It's perfect the cloth for free flowing models with light draperies.

A fabric with a complex structure, embroidery, sequins is suitable for very simple models. In addition, such fabrics are not suitable for public events, because few people can appreciate the sophistication of the pattern or decoration up close. If you plan to appear in front of a large audience, choose to dresses crepe, matt taffeta or wet silk.

Brocade woven with gold or silver thread is ideal the cloth for the evening dresses, which you will wear in the cool season for a date or a romantic dinner. It is quite dense and will keep its shape perfectly throughout the event. Due to the high content of metallized fibers, expensive brocade practically does not wrinkle.

Please note that the larger the pattern on the fabric, the more it distorts the proportions of the figure. A fabric with a large pattern is categorically not suitable for miniature ones. In addition, a large pattern does not look good on models with a complex cut of the bodice.

the only the cloth, which easily tolerates washing in, is an artificial crepe. Therefore, if you plan to wear a dress often, choose it. Otherwise, you will have to spend a small fortune on dry cleaning.