Types of face masks: what they are and which ones you need. Disposable medical masks, surgical masks, goggles

Medical mask: properties and methods of use.

With the onset of wet weather there is Great chance distribution viral diseases. In an elementary way protection is a medical mask. Is this product really effective? This article will answer this and other questions regarding the use of a protective mask.

What is a medical mask for? Does it protect against infection?

The best way protection against the spread of infection

A protective mask is worn to prevent the spread of viral diseases by people infected with them.

Most often these include:

1. Working staff in medical institutions when communicating with a large number of patients
2. Food production workers in the production of mass produced food
3. As well as other categories of infected people who do not want to contribute to the further spread of the infection

• Exists erroneous opinion that it is necessary for infected and healthy people to use a mask. According to doctors, this is not so.
• A protective bandage cannot 100% prevent the entry of infected air. This is explained by the fact that when worn, the degree of adherence to the skin is not significant, that is, the mask is unable to prevent a healthy person from becoming infected in a building with infected air.
• In this connection, it is necessary to use the protective measures in question directly to patients. This minimizes the possibility of spreading viruses through breathing, coughing and sneezing.
• Since a favorable atmosphere (warm and humid) is formed inside the protective item, conducive to the proliferation of microorganisms, when they come under the protective item they actively grow - using a mask in the absence of infection increases the possibility of disease.

How to wear a medical mask correctly, which side should you put on your face?

Masks have several different purposes and are divided into:

1. Dentists
2. Surgeons
3. Carrying out procedures
4. Common use

• For medical use, a nasal retainer is added to the product. In this case, there is no alternative to wearing a mask - definitely internal part to the face.
• In other options offered by the manufacturer, the following points should be taken into account:

1. In the presence of water-repellent impregnation- place the product with an unimpregnated dark layer inside
2. In the presence of different color- place the color layer outward
3. Ear loops and ties are sewn on the outside
4. If there are any specific features, the manufacturer usually indicates in the attached instructions. Pay attention to this.

Use the example shown in the photo to correct location protective device.

Correct fixation

How long can you wear a medical protective mask, how often should you change it: rules for using a medical mask

Follow the basic rules

The quality of the cleansing abilities of a disposable mask is affected by:

1. Its throughput properties
2. Filtration efficiency
3. Humidity and purity of atmospheric air
4. Continuous duration of mask use
5. Physical activity of the patient at the time of its application

The combination of these characteristics allows manufacturers to set the following temporary requirements:

• If you have a paper filter – 2 hours
• Treated with a bactericidal agent – ​​3-5 hours
• If the product is wet due to coughing, sneezing or breathing, remove it immediately

Can medical masks be washed?

Types of protective devices

1. There are no sterilization methods to restore the original protective quality of a mask intended for disposable. After use, it is immediately thrown away.
2. For reusable gauze masks wash in hot water With soap solution. After drying, iron on both sides using the hottest heat possible.

Don't ignore using a mask. Proper Use The product helps minimize the spread of viral diseases.

The evolution of protective dressings - from the “bird's beak” to respirators.

Doctors realized the need for protection when working with sick people a long time ago, long before the mechanisms of transmission of infectious agents were scientifically established. The plague that broke out in the 14th century, which claimed tens of millions of lives, proved that medieval medicine was unable to combat a pandemic. And only at the beginning of the 17th century, the French physician Charles Lorme created a special suit for the so-called “plague doctors,” which was supposed to protect doctors from the disease.

This costume consisted of a thick waxed coat, gloves, a hat with a brim and - the most characteristic feature- a special “nosed” mask that covered the entire face. The “nose,” similar to a bird’s beak, was stuffed with hay, dried herbs (lavender, mint, cloves, etc.), spices, camphor, or lined with a sponge dipped in vinegar. This whole structure was designed to ward off bad odors (at that time it was believed that the disease was caused by “miasmas”), and in fact acted as a respirator. In addition, the eye holes in the mask were covered with glass, and the “plague doctor” himself interacted with the patient or deceased mainly with the help of a cane.

The first masks

The more familiar medical masks appeared only at the very end of the 19th century. Almost simultaneously they were invented by the Frenchman Paul Berger and the Pole Jan Mikulicz-Radetzki. Shortly before this, German microbiologist Karl Flügge discovered pathogens in saliva. Berger, having assumed that a doctor can transmit a disease to a patient during an operation through particles of saliva that are released when talking, coughing or sneezing, created a special protective mask.

In October 1897, he began wearing “a rectangular soft bandage made of 6 layers of muslin, sewn at the bottom edge to a sterilized linen apron (to hide his beard too), and top edge held on the nose by bandages that were tied around the neck.” For more than a year, Berger conducted observations and became convinced that the number of infections in patients with whom doctors worked wearing masks decreased.

In 1899, he read his report “On the use of a mask during surgery” to members of the surgical society in Paris. “For several years I was worried that droplets of fluid flying out of the mouth of the operating surgeon or his assistants could lead to outbreaks of infections ...,” Berger said. But most doctors were extremely skeptical of his conclusions, arguing that a threat could not come from the mouth of a person of such a noble profession.

Not everyone shared this misconception. Jan Mikulicz, one of the founders of the Krakow surgical school, not only invented several new surgical techniques and surgical instruments. One of the ardent defenders of antiseptics, he created his own gauze bandage on the face and was one of the first to use gloves during operations.

By the 20s of the 20th century, masks began to be widely used in operating rooms in many European countries. Such bandages became widespread not only among doctors, but also among the rest of the population during the Spanish flu epidemic (1918-1919) and the First World War - as protection against new chemical weapons.

Masks in our time: in medicine and in everyday life

Nowadays, the use of masks in medical institutions is a widespread practice. They not only protect the patient from possible infections carried medical staff, but also the doctors themselves from patient infections that can be transmitted through splashes of blood or other liquid.

In many Asian countries, such as Japan, China, Vietnam, wearing a bandage in public when sick is considered in good form and manifestation of social responsibility. In addition, a face mask prevents people from rubbing their nose and mouth with their hands - the main sources of the spread of infections.

If previously medical dressings were made of thin fabrics (gauze, muslin, etc.) with a layer of wool and cotton wool, now non-woven materials made of polymer fibers with high filtering properties are increasingly used for their production. Such masks are divided into procedural/everyday and specialized/surgical. The first usually consist of three layers - two outer ones and a filter that is located between them. They are used in clinics and in public places. Specialized masks have four layers - two outer layers, a filter and an anti-fluid layer that protects the face from biological fluids that may get on it during surgery. Surgical dressings, as the name implies, are used in operating rooms.

For the most part, both everyday and surgical masks are disposable, since sufficient effectiveness has not been proven in various ways their repeated sterilization.

Duration and effectiveness of protection

The duration of wearing a mask depends on the situation. During epidemics or in hospitals, it is recommended to change the bandage every 2-3 hours. To protect against man-made factors, such as air pollution and smog, it can be worn for up to six hours. In certain situations, such as humid climates, wearing time is no more than an hour. When wet, the mask should be changed, since the wet material on which infectious agents could settle begins to come into direct contact with the skin.

Despite the fact that in Lately The opinion is often expressed about the low effectiveness of masks; they are still widely used both in medical institutions and in everyday life. But there is also a more advanced type of protective face coverings - these are medical respirators, which provide better filtration, fit tightly to the skin and can be reused if necessary.

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Face masks in beauty salons

A face mask is one of the most common and affordable procedures offered by beauty salons in the complex. cosmetic procedures facial skin care. As a manipulation, a mask involves applying a mixture of components of a certain composition to previously cleansed facial skin for a certain period of time in order to achieve the desired effect.

The content of the article:

Mask for the face is one of the most common and affordable procedures offered by beauty salons as part of a complex of cosmetic facial skin care procedures.

As a manipulation, a mask involves applying a mixture of components of a certain composition to previously cleansed facial skin for a certain period of time in order to achieve the desired effect.

A little historical background

It is believed that the first cosmetic masks were invented by Egyptian queen Cleopatra is the greatest specialist of antiquity in all kinds of medicinal and decorative cosmetics.

Whitening clay and nourishing honey-milk masks evened and refreshed the complexion, giving the skin velvety and radiant. However, in those days, greater importance was still attached to decorative cosmetics, which often had ritual significance, while masks required long-term use to obtain the expected result.

Classification of masks

Face masks are classified according to many criteria. First of all, they come in professional grades and masks for home use.

Beauty salons use professional face masks. They often have a very complex composition, including many ingredients. Professional masks consist of a base and active components. Active components are introduced into them depending on the effect expected from the use of a particular mask. An example would be masks with ceramides, liposomal microemulsions, hyaluronic acid, alpha hydroxy acids, etc.

Types of masks by skin type

1. for oily skin
2. for normal skin
3. for dry skin
4. for combination skin
5. for sensitive, allergenic skin
6. for problem skin
7. for skin with couperose and rosacea
8. for skin with pigmentation

Types of masks by shape

Powdery– their components are in dry form, and to prepare the mask they must be diluted. Water, hydrogen peroxide or other special preparations are most often used as a diluent.

Paste masks include mineral fillers, usually clay or therapeutic mud. They are usually ready for use.

Creamy masks They have a more delicate texture and are divided into drying and non-drying. Used as moisturizing and nourishing.

Gel masks are formulated on the basis of aloe extract, alcohol, essential oils and are used for oily and problematic skin to tighten pores, dry and relieve inflammation.

Collagen sheets – special kind masks that are made on the basis of collagen; there are different sizes depending on the application. The main effect is lifting, so they have a good effect on aging skin of the face and neck.

Plasticizing masks (alginate masks) create a good lifting and anti-edematous effect, often used for age type skin. Ingredients: alginic acid salts (allow the mask to harden into dense rubber), resins, paraffin, gelling agents. Various additional components give additional effects. You can apply fatty creams or serums under the mask to enhance the effect.

Film masks freeze into a thin film. The main component is polyvinyl alcohol or vegetable glue. Thanks to these components, the mask adheres tightly to the horn cells, sebaceous plugs and with vellus hair. It is not done for people with abundant facial hair.

Types of masks by composition

1. clay
2. algae
3. paraffin
4. animal origin (placenta, collagen)
5. of plant origin.

Types of masks by drying

Drying out
- non-drying

Types of masks according to readiness

In the tube
prepared immediately before application.

Types of masks by action and problem solved

1. Moisturizing
2. Nutritious
3. Lifting (skin tightening)
4. Anti-inflammatory and soothing
5. Whitening agents (fight pigmentation)
6. Absorbent (narrows pores)
7. Cleansing
8. Toning and refreshing
9. Thermal masks (warming)
10. Masks for skin with rosacea (vascular strengthening)
11. Anti-aging or anti-aging
12. Masks for problem skin (fight acne)

Alginate masks

Alginate masks are a cosmetic product based on alginates - extracts from brown seaweed. Healing properties alginates are used not only in cosmetology, but also for the production of medicines that heal wounds and burns.

Alginate masks are made in the form of a powder, which is diluted with water for 3 minutes before application, mixed thoroughly and quickly applied to the skin of the face. The patient should undergo the procedure lying down, in a calm and relaxed state. After five minutes, the mask hardens, tightens slightly and resembles rubber. This feature increases blood circulation and improves the outflow of lymph in the facial area. Exposure time is 15-20 minutes. The alginate mask is applied with a spatula over massage lines, or from bottom to top on the face and neck, avoiding thyroid gland. Can be applied to lips and eyes if the person does not suffer from claustrophobia.

In addition, a number of effects make them unique means to prevent skin aging:

Cooling and refreshing facial skin
Narrowing of enlarged pores
Anti-inflammatory effect
Absorbing effect in the area of ​​stagnant spots after acne
Moisturizing dry skin and drying oily skin; nutrition for combination skin
Strengthening the ability of skin cells to absorb oxygen for normal functioning
Smoothing small wrinkles due to increased collagen production, and, as a result, tightening of facial contours - a lifting effect
Decongestant effect
Noticeable improvement in complexion

Moisturizing masks

The skin of the face is constantly exposed external factors, since it is always open, it is not protected by clothing, as on other parts of the body. Therefore, it quickly loses water, which leads to a decrease in turgor and elasticity, early appearance wrinkles and folds and aging in general.

Moisturizing masks are designed to saturate the skin with moisture and improve it appearance. Used to care for all types of skin, especially warm time. Well suited for dry, dehydrated and combination skin. These masks contain lipophilic components that strengthen the stratum corneum of the epidermis and thus prevent the evaporation of water from the surface of the facial skin. The second main component of moisturizing masks is hydrophilic, i.e. promoting the attraction of moisture from the surrounding air.

The composition usually includes: main components water and oils, plant collagen, algae, vitamins, minerals, hyaluronic acid, glycerin, fruit acids, plant extracts. Usually they are cream or gel masks, as a rule, do not dry out, with the exception of kaolin (white clay).

You should be warned against the common misconception that a high-quality moisturizing mask can be made at home using folk remedies. Only an experienced cosmetologist is able to objectively assess the degree of dehydration of facial skin and select optimal combination active components of a professional moisturizing mask.

Nourishing masks

A nourishing mask is an element of facial skin care from 25-30 years old according to indications. To choose such a mask, the cosmetologist is guided by the client’s skin type. Professional nutritional masks, as a rule, include special conductor substances that ensure the delivery of nutrients through the intercellular space deep into the skin.

Nourishing masks most often have a creamy consistency and are much richer in composition than moisturizing ones. Main components: biologically active substances (BAS) that nourish the skin fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, substances of plant and animal origin (collagen, hyaluronic acid, placenta extracts).

The Internet is literally inundated with all sorts of folk recipes nourishing masks intended for home use. However, the effect of such procedures is purely theoretical. Proteins egg yolk or milk have too large a molecular weight, while the skin is capable of allowing only very small particles to pass through.

That's why salon care applied to the face nourishes the skin much more effectively than spreading leftover mayonnaise or sour cream on the face.

The frequency of use of nourishing masks is approximately twice a week for 2-3 months. The course is conducted twice a year; certainly - in the spring, when the skin of the face is depleted by the stressful effects of winter wind and frost, and in the fall - in order to safely survive the winter.

Anti-aging masks

Aging of the skin in general and facial skin in particular is an inevitable and irreversible process. Moreover, it has not yet been sufficiently studied. Therefore, you should not be deluded by advertising claims about wonderful creams that literally smooth out wrinkles in a matter of days and give the skin a peachy velvety feel.

Prevention of aging, which will keep your facial skin youthful long years without resorting to plastic surgery is one of most important tasks professional cosmetology. And to implement it she has powerful tool– rejuvenating masks.

Collagen and placental-collagen masks among professional means skin care products are the undisputed leaders. Collagen is a protein substance of animal origin. Under the epidermis, it forms a framework that maintains skin elasticity and tone. With age, collagen synthesis decreases, and the skin on the face begins to “sag”.

Collagen is extracted from the skin of animals and fish. Special processing gives it special properties, including antioxidant ones. They allow collagen molecules to penetrate into the underlying layers of the skin, enhancing its turgor and smoothing out folds and wrinkles. Marine collagen resembles human collagen, but can cause allergies.

There is also plant collagen made from wheat proteins, it is very well absorbed by the skin and promotes the production of its own collagen.

Thanks to a course of anti-aging masks, the oval of the face is more clearly outlined, and the skin becomes soft and fresh. Thanks to collagen, a kind of protective layer is formed on its surface that retains moisture. In addition, collagen masks have a moisturizing, regenerating effect, and increase the synthesis of fibroblasts. Masks can be used at any age, more often after chemical peels and mesotherapy for sensitive skin. However, they have also been developed special compounds collagen masks of “instant beauty”, they are indispensable when you urgently need to “fix your face”: before some important event or going out.

Collagen sheet one type of collagen mask consists of a thin fibrous sheet containing a high percentage of collagen of plant or animal origin, soaked in an aqueous solution. Apply to the skin of the face and neck for 20-30 minutes.

Anti-aging masks also include nourishing masks with biologically active substances: amniotic fluid(bovine fetal bladder), placenta extracts (bovine and human), bovine semen, collagenase (from crab liver), and bee products.

Anti-inflammatory masks

The nature of inflammatory phenomena on the skin can be correctly assessed by a cosmetologist. In accordance with your skin type and its characteristics, he will select the optimal composition of the anti-inflammatory mask. The therapeutic effect of such a mask will be noticeable after two or three procedures: inflammatory infiltrates fade, blood circulation in the capillary network improves and the outflow of inflammatory products into the lymphatic network accelerates. The secretion of sebum is regulated, the functioning of the sweat glands is normalized.

The basis of anti-inflammatory masks is often blue clay– it, along with powerful detoxifying properties, has the ability to relieve inflammation. It disinfects well, tightens pores, reduces the amount and severity of acne, tones and whitens the skin. To enhance the effect, various biologically active components are added to the clay. More suitable for oily skin.

Masks with red clay have a good anti-inflammatory effect. They are suitable for sensitive, allergy-prone skin. This mask is indicated for a lack of iron in the body. A mask with gray-black or dark brown clay also has a good anti-inflammatory effect.

Masks with a lifting effect

“Lifting” is translated as “tightening.” Masks with a lifting effect can be one of the types of anti-aging masks.

Lifting can be deep - “slow”, and fast - superficial. The goal of deep lifting is to enhance the production of your own collagen. An example of masks for deep lifting is collagen and placental-collagen.

Rapid lifting involves the formation of the thinnest transparent film, which allows air to pass through and tightens the contour of the face, like a bandage. Such masks are often called “instant” because they literally transform the skin after application. Unfortunately, their effect lasts until the film is washed off.

Paraffin masks

Paraffin masks can be used at any age. The action is accompanied by redness of the skin, a feeling of increasing warmth, and there may be tingling.

Contraindications to paraffin masks

1. Cuperosis
2. Telangiectasia
3. Pustular skin diseases
4. Diseases of the cardiovascular system
5. Herpes virus.

The effect of paraffin masks

1. Skin nutrition
2. Skin hydration
3. Oxygen saturation
4. Lymphatic drainage effect (decongestant)
5. Muscle relaxation
6. Resorption of congestion and bruises
7. Lifting effect

Paraffin masks provide deep tissue heating, retain moisture, and provide an analgesic effect. A nourishing product must be applied under the paraffin mask. fat cream. Compresses with tonic should be applied to the eyes. The paraffin mask is applied with a brush in several layers on a bandage or gauze. Exposure time is 15-20 minutes.

Made from brown, red or blue-green algae.

Used in the form of crushed powder, diluted immediately before application. Ingredients: mineral salts, enzymes, phytohormones, microelements, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, alginic acid salts or alginic acids. An alginate mask is one of the types of algae masks.

General effect of algae

1. Regenerating
2. Moisturizing
3. Nutritious
4. Antioxidant
5. Whitening
6. Lipolytic
7. Remove excess fluid and toxins
8. Stimulate metabolism.

Suitable for all skin types especially oily. Compound: natural clay, starch, zinc, bran, camphor, yeast, mineral salts. Can be applied locally to problem areas.

The effect of cleansing masks
1. deep cleansing
2. anti-inflammatory
3. antiseptic
4. keratolytic
5. brightening
6. pigmenting.

What skin problems can be solved with masks?

As a rule, problems with facial skin arise depending on the type of skin - oily, dry, sensitive, aging, etc.

Oily skin more often prone to acne, it has enlarged pores, greasy shine, blackheads (comedones). A mask for oily skin performs several functions - it reduces secretion sebaceous glands and their blockage, has an anti-inflammatory and drying effect.

Dry skin it often peels off, does not tolerate washing water well - after this there is a feeling of tightness and irritation. Signs of aging appear much earlier on dry skin because it lacks moisture, which gives it freshness and elasticity.
Moisturizing and nourishing masks help solve dry skin problems.

Facial skin sometimes shows increased sensitivity to external irritating factors – strong wind, cold, ultraviolet radiation. Facial skin irritation often occurs in people prone to allergic reactions.
It’s difficult to do without the help of a professional – an experienced cosmetologist.

Masks for sensitive skin Most often they are made on the basis of natural high-quality oils, or have a delicate creamy structure. Before applying the mask, such skin is not cleaned with additional scrubs, but clean water, slightly warmed to body temperature, is used to rinse. The face is carefully blotted with a napkin (without using a towel), and a hypoallergenic cream for sensitive skin is applied.

Procedure for applying the mask

It is important to remember that cosmetic mask- This is not just a facial skin care procedure. This is a whole ritual action in which there are no trifles or insignificant moments. It involves a calm environment, quiet relaxing music, warm and soft hands cosmetologist, his calm, unhurried manner of communication with the client.

If a relaxing effect is not achieved during the procedure, if after it the client does not feel rested and freed from daily stress and tension, you should not count on the desired cosmetic result of the mask.

Equally important is a thorough diagnosis of the skin condition and professional approach to the choice of mask composition. This once again demonstrates that you need to trust your face to professionals.

A good cosmetologist will certainly conduct an allergy test before applying a mask to the client’s face. Usually, it is enough to apply a small amount of the composition to the extensor surface of the forearm. If after 5-10 minutes there is no redness, burning or itching at the test site, the mask can be applied to the face.

Sometimes complications arise psychological nature in persons suffering from claustrophobia. Some types of masks compress when they harden soft fabrics faces (lifting, paraffin, alginate). This can create a feeling of enclosed space, cause panic in the client and reduce the benefits of the procedure to zero. Therefore, the cosmetologist must clarify this point before applying the mask.

Before applying the mask, the facial skin must be thoroughly cleansed. Sometimes vaporization is used - treating the skin with a jet of steam mixed with ozone, or hot compress. Both of these procedures help open the skin pores, and during vaporization, bactericidal treatment of the skin also occurs.

Moisturize the skin only in cases where this is specified in the instructions for use of the mask. Not all mask compositions can be applied to the eyelids and the area above upper lip. In this case, special tampons moistened with lotion or chamomile decoction are placed on the eye area; they prevent the composition from getting into the eyes. It is also unacceptable to get the mask into your nose.

Apply the mask from bottom to top along massage lines: from the chin to the earlobes, from the corners of the lips to the middle of the auricle, from the nose to the temples, then from the middle of the forehead to the temples.

To apply the mask, spatulas and special brushes are used that resemble makeup brushes, but are stiffer, flatter and wider. Sometimes the mask is applied by hand. In any case, take it from a jar with a ready-made mask with a sterile spatula, setting aside required amount. If the ingredients of the mask are mixed immediately before use, the cosmetologist determines their required volume in advance. Containers, spatulas, and sponges for rinsing, as a rule, should be single use and disposed of after each client.

The mask is applied in a layer slightly thicker than usual nutritious cream. Exposure time is from 10 to 40 minutes, according to the annotation. The client must maintain facial calm and cannot talk during the procedure.

Application of collagen masks: a hole for the nose is cut out of the collagen sheet, the mask is moistened with the recommended solution and applied to the face. After the exposure time has expired, it is removed and applied to the face afterwards. daily cream according to skin type.

The mask should be washed off easily, without moving the skin. In this case, gels and foams for washing are not used, only cotton swabs or sponges moistened with cool water if the skin is oily, and warm water if dry. If the mask dries out after exposure, it is carefully soaked and carefully washed off, avoiding unnecessary trauma to the skin.

After the procedure, it is not recommended to apply makeup for two hours (at least!); you can only apply a light moisturizer.

What did we get as a result?

Relieved facial skin from environmental stress
Enriched it with moisture
Improved blood circulation and lymphatic drainage in the facial area
“Corrected” the appearance - tightened the oval of the face, gave the skin freshness and velvety, reduced pores
Saturated it with nutrients
Regulated the secretion of the sebaceous glands
Relieved irritation and inflammation
Improved mood and self-esteem

Today, a medical mask is one of the most reliable ways to protect against viruses, bacteria and polluted environments. Today, no one is surprised by the sight of a passerby wearing a mask on the street or on public transport.

History of the medical mask

The history of the creation of a medical face mask goes back to the distant times of the Middle Ages. Even in those years when the plague was raging everywhere, people began to think about protection from pathogenic microbes. The ancient mask was a massive structure.

Doctors of those times ensured their protection with the help of an anti-plague suit, which consisted of a cloak, gloves, a hat with wide brim and masks with beaks, into which various flavored mixtures consisting of thyme and rosemary salts were placed. The cloak was impregnated with wax, and the composition of aromatic salts in the mask made it easier to endure the stench of rotting bodies.

It was only in the 18th century that the physician Joseph Lister created the doctrine of antiseptics. And the first bandage consisting of cotton wool and gauze - a medical face mask - appeared in 1916, during the Spanish flu epidemic. A few years later they introduced mandatory wearing masks by all healthcare workers.

The first gauze masks

Scientists have found that effective protection Not all masks can protect against viruses and bacteria. Products made from gauze do not have a sufficient degree of protection for both the medical worker and the patient, and have increased permeability (up to 90%). Microscopic droplets of saliva not only penetrate loose fabric, but also accumulate on the layer adjacent to the face. The benefit of such a means of protection is very doubtful.

But the first masks were made precisely according to this principle. Gauze or bandage was folded into four layers, and ties were sewn to them. Medical workers They taught not only the rules for using and disinfecting gauze, but also how to wear a medical mask correctly. It must be worn so that it covers the nose and lower part of the face, tightly covering it. The mask was put on over the cap and secured to the back of the head and back of the neck with ties.

Modern medical mask

Nowadays, medical disposable masks have become widely popular, which have proven to be more effective than cloth ones. Made from non-woven materials, they have proven to be the most practical and safe for health. Liquid does not penetrate through them and secretions do not accumulate. These products are made using modern technologies made from materials that do not cause allergies.

Considering the increasing needs modern medicine in products medical purposes, products constantly undergo new stages of modification. They began to respond most high requirements. Very easy-to-use medical masks with elastic bands have appeared. Various types of products became available.

Types of medical masks

Another difference between masks is the method of fastening - elastic bands or ties.

How to put on a medical mask correctly

Before putting on a medical mask, you must thoroughly wash your hands. The package is opened along the edge and the product is removed by the elastic bands.

Holding both elastic bands (strings) with both hands, the mask is applied to the face on either side so that the nose, mouth and chin are covered. After this, the elastic bands are placed behind the ears, and with the help of a nose clip, the mask is pressed tightly to the bridge of the nose and the product is fixed. It should fit tightly around the lower part of the face.

Do not touch the mask during use. It should also be removed by the elastic bands, after which your hands should be carefully washed with soap.

How to wear a medical mask correctly

If during the epidemic years there is a need to visit places large cluster people, it is better to use such protection as a disposable medical mask.

After the mask is put on, you should not touch it with your hands, since it is not always possible to wash them with soap. When touched protective functions the product will decline sharply and will have to be replaced more often. The medical device must fit snugly to the bridge of the nose and to the lower part of the face.

Do not wear a mask around your neck or in your pocket. After contact with clothing, it makes no sense to put it on your face, since it will no longer perform a protective function.

If after a certain time the mask becomes damp or damp, it must be changed. Between the layers of the product there is a filter that protects against the penetration of bacteria. Breathing causes moisture to settle on the mask, causing the filter pores to become clogged. This beautiful environment for the reproduction of viruses and bacteria.

What does a medical mask protect against and who should wear it?

Since a medical device serves as a barrier to infection, you should know not only how to wear a medical mask correctly, but also what diseases it will protect against.

Diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets:

• flu;
• whooping cough;
• rubella;
• chicken pox;
• measles;
• diphtheria;
• mumps epidemic (mumps);
• meningococcal infection.

Not only healthy people if necessary, they can use a medical mask; it is important that the sick person puts it on, since when he coughs and sneezes, he sends environment mass of pathogenic microorganisms.

Today, a medical mask is the most public method protection. Don't forget about prevention methods. This will help maintain health and good mood.