How clay is used in textile production. Characteristics and types

Pigments are inorganic compounds that color clay and glaze. Pigments can be divided into two groups: oxides and colorants. Oxides are the main material of natural origin, which is formed among the rocks of the earth's crust, cleaned and sprayed. The most commonly used are: copper oxide, which takes on a green color in an oxidizing firing environment; cobalt oxide, forming blue tones; iron oxide, which, when mixed with glaze, gives blue tones, and when mixed with clay, engobes of earthy tones. Chromium oxide gives clay an olive green color, magnesium oxide browns and purples, and nickel oxide grayish greens. All these oxides can be mixed with clay in a proportion of 0.5-6%. If you exceed their percentage, then the oxide will act as a flux, ponyzhyaya melting temperature of clay. When painting products, the temperature should not exceed 1020 ° C, otherwise firing will not give a result. The second group is dyes. They are obtained industrially or by mechanical processing of natural materials, which represent a full range of colors. Dyes are mixed with clay in a proportion of 5-20%, which determines the light or dark tone of the material. All specialist shops carry pigments and dyes for both clay and engobe.

The preparation of ceramic mass requires a lot of attention. It can be composed in two ways, which give completely different results. A more logical and reliable way: apply dyes under pressure. A simpler and, of course, less reliable method is to mix the dyes into the clay by hand. The second method is used if there is no exact idea of ​​​​the final coloring results, or if there is a need to repeat some specific colors.

materials used:

Dolors Ross. Ceramics: technique. Receptions. Products./Trans. with him. Yu.O. Bem. - M.: AST-PRESS BOOK, 2003.

We continue to move into the cosmic unknown. The world is looking more and more like futuristic fiction. Therefore, the essentially unnatural return to simple, natural materials seems so natural.

Another source of the modern desire for naturalness is the permanent fear of ecological collapse. Environmentally friendly design is in demand today more than ever. It is today that clay is beginning to be associated with value, despite the stable, directly opposite historical connotations. Contemporary design embraces clay, enthusiastically discovering its incredible decorative and practical potential.

Clay in construction

Clay as a material in a modern interior has a very wide application due to its plasticity. What other material can be equally used both in bulky construction and in the manufacture of the finest handicrafts?

Clay, different in composition and properties, can be used almost everywhere today. So, along with the traditional clay one! - brick, adobe blocks are very popular as a building material. Consisting of clay, sand and organic fillers, they have both extremely low cost and excellent technical characteristics.

Although the modern technology for making adobe blocks differs from the traditional one: as a rule, sawdust is used instead of straw, and the blocks themselves are not made manually, but mechanically, nevertheless, this material continues to retain the charm of ancient times.

Adobe blocks are actively used in construction today, and houses made from them show themselves in the best way, both in terms of technical criteria and aesthetically.

What you need to know to use clay

It is useful to know that in order to use clay independently, as a building or decorative material, to obtain a satisfactory, high-quality result, it is extremely important to be able to select the composition of the clay. This becomes more obvious if you know, for example, that the building mixtures themselves sometimes contain several types of clay at once, which tells them their qualities.

The amazing possibilities of clay

Clay as a material has a truly inexhaustible application possibilities. Known to man since ancient times of his formation, it still remains relevant. Like thousands of years ago, clay serves our most diverse needs, albeit in a different form than before: instead of unfired dishes, today we have at our disposal both universal faience and the finest porcelain; instead of adobe floors - a myriad of slabs and tiles - and so on.

Today, clay-based plasters for walls, building mixtures, roofing and cladding materials, stucco, sculptures, dishes, decorative items and much more are made. Despite the spread of innovative materials, clay firmly holds its traditional positions, and even penetrates into the camp of a competitor, constantly discovering new opportunities for its actualization.

Walls

Clay plasters are gaining more and more popularity today. The living surface of walls plastered using this material is not only very attractive, but also has many useful properties due to its naturalness and environmental friendliness.
Clay plaster is a hypoallergenic material that acts like a filter. It is able to absorb excess moisture, which contributes to the regulation of the microclimate inside the house. It is more than affordable. It is easy to apply. It has excellent protective characteristics and is resistant to microcracks, which prevents its destruction.

Floor

To date, there are a number of technologically different ways of arranging clay. At the same time, the composition and basic properties of these floors are almost identical.

The clay floor is poured or lined with a mixture of clay, sand, straw, gravel or other additives. As a result, the floor acquires a smooth, wear-resistant surface that is unique in its properties and appearance. Such floors have antiseptic and antistatic qualities. They contribute to maintaining an optimal balance of humidity, are able to contain and even neutralize unpleasant odors. In addition, they have the ability to retain heat: heating up during the day, they gradually release it at night.

It is also important that the surface of the clay floor does not require special maintenance and is easily repaired if necessary.

Facing

Facing exterior walls with clay is not an easy task: clay absorbs and releases water well when wet and heated, which results in cracking. This requires the use of special technologies in the processing of the finished coating and the production of facing materials. As such, clay can be used in the form of ceramic outdoor tiles and plaster mixes.

Walls made of adobe are also not very moisture resistant, so they need additional plastering. Lime is traditionally used for this purpose, compensating for the natural lack of clay blocks and imparting a special charm to the building.

Roof

Traditional ceramic tiles are made by simply firing clay. Despite the simple technology, which has not changed since ancient times, such tiles can serve for many decades, sometimes without even needing repair. Manufacturers, as a rule, give a guarantee for their products up to 30 years.

Such tiles are not afraid of temperature changes, overdrying from direct sunlight, and even open fire and acid rain. The clay roof cools and heats up very slowly, which provides a special comfortable climate inside.

When choosing a tile, it is recommended to pay attention to the fact that the pores on its surface must be closed: the more “porous” the tile, the higher its ability to retain and absorb moisture, which can eventually lead to its destruction. In addition, the tendency to absorb a large amount of moisture significantly reduces the frost resistance of clay tiles.

Pottery

Despite the huge number of newfangled materials for making dishes, clay does not lose its position. Products made of ceramics, porcelain, terracotta and faience are still common and in demand.

Ceramic cookware does not emit harmful substances when heated. There is no scale in it. It is chemically inert - in a word, ceramics is almost an ideal version of dishes used in our everyday life. Terracotta is made from special red varieties of clay. After firing, it acquires a characteristic texture, while it can be both coarse-grained and fine. The color of terracotta varies from red-brown to creamy flesh.

Today, terracotta is used to make dishes, which was not done before: there was an idea that terracotta did not like water. The development of terracotta production technology has changed the situation, and now many manufacturers have turned to this material in search of new interesting solutions.

home spa

Clay has a very unusual use in modern life. Since the same ancient times, clay has established itself not only as a building or decorative material, but also as a cosmetic product.

Clay well tones, disinfects, whitens the skin. Great for making hair masks, as it contains a large amount of silicon, which promotes the growth and strengthening of the hair follicle.

Although today clay, by a strange coincidence, as a building or decorative material is perceived by us with a slight touch of exoticism or even social disorder, nevertheless, the global craze is changing this state of affairs more and more actively.

Every year projects and ways of using clay become bolder and more interesting. So it is quite possible to expect that after some time the appearance of our dwellings and cities can change significantly, including thanks to clay.

Clay is a widespread rock. Clay is a rock that is very complex and unstable both in terms of the composition of its constituent minerals and in terms of physical and technological properties. The conditions for the formation of clays are also extremely diverse.

Pure clays, that is, not contaminated with various impurities, are rocks consisting of very small particles (about 0.01 mm or less), and these particles belong to certain minerals. Many researchers call them "clay" minerals. These minerals are complex chemical compounds that include aluminum, silicon and water. In mineralogy, they are called hydrous aluminosilicates.

Clays have the ability to soak, dissolve in water into separate particles, forming, depending on the amount of water, either plastic dough or “suspension” (turbidity), i.e. such liquid mixtures in which the smallest particles of clay are in suspension. Such clay suspensions have a pronounced viscosity.

Therefore, clay can be defined as an earthy rock, consisting mainly of aqueous aluminosilicates with a particle size of less than 0.01 mm, which readily dissolves in water, with the formation of viscous suspensions or plastic dough, which retains its shape after drying and acquires the hardness of a stone after firing. .

PROPERTIES OF CLAY

The properties of clays depend entirely on their chemical and mineral composition, as well as on the size of their constituent particles. These are already. facts point us to the most important properties of clays.

The most important properties of clays are:

1) the ability "in a mixture with water to form thin "suspensions" (muddy puddles) and viscous dough;

2) the ability to swell in water;

3) the plasticity of clay dough, i.e., the ability to take and maintain any form in its raw form;

4) the ability to retain this shape even after "drying with a decrease in volume;

5) stickiness;

6) binding ability;

7) water resistance, i.e., the ability, after saturation with a certain amount of water, not to pass water through itself.

Various products are made from clay dough - jugs, krinks, pots, bowls, etc., which, after firing, become completely solid and do not let water through. Brick factories produce building bricks from clay, which also have high mechanical strength. This indicates another important property of clay - its ability to harden after firing, giving a material that does not soak in water and is impervious to it.

Clays can be of all colors - from white to black. In Ukraine and in some other regions, white clay serves as a material for whitewashing walls, stoves, etc. When they want to paint walls in colored tones, they take yellow, red, green and other clays. Thus, here we are dealing with a new property of clay - with its coloring and covering ability.

Some types of clays are used in oil refineries to refine petroleum products. They are also used to purify vegetable oils and fats. Thus, we are faced with another property of clay: its ability to absorb certain substances dissolved in it from a liquid. In technology, this property is called "sorption capacity".

Due to the fact that clays contain a large amount of aluminum oxide, they are also used as chemical raw materials, mainly for the production of sulfate salts of this metal.

These are the most important properties of clays, on which numerous types of their practical use are based. Of course, not all clays and not to the same extent have the listed properties.

VARIETY OF CLAY

The most valuable for the national economy are the following types of clay:

Kaolin is a white clay. It mainly consists of the mineral kaolinite. Usually less plastic than other white clays. It is the main raw material for the porcelain and faience and paper industries.

Refractory clays. These clays are characterized by white and gray-white color, sometimes with a slightly yellowish tint. During firing, they must withstand a temperature of at least 1580 ° without softening. The main minerals forming them are kaolinite and hydromicas. Their plasticity may be different. These clays are used for the production of refractory and porcelain-faience products.

Acid-resistant clays. These clays are a type of refractory clay with small amounts of iron, magnesium, calcium and sulfur. Used for chemical porcelain and faience products.

Molding clays are a variety of refractory clays with increased plasticity and increased binding capacity. They are used as a binding material in the manufacture of molds for metallurgical castings. Sometimes refractory clays are also used for these purposes (less stable during firing than refractory ones) and even low-melting bentonite clays.

Cement clays have different colors and different mineral composition. Magnesium is a harmful impurity. These clays are used to produce Portland cement.

Brick clays are fusible, usually with a significant admixture of quartz sand. Their mineral composition and color may vary. These clays are used to make bricks.

Bentonite clays. The main mineral forming them is montmorillonite. Their color is different. They swell a lot in water. They have a higher bleaching power than other clays. These clays are used to purify petroleum products, vegetable and lubricating oils, when drilling wells, and sometimes, as noted earlier, in the manufacture of foundry molds.

In industry and technology, other types of clays are often called: pottery, tiling, fulling, ceramic, drilling, faience, porcelain, capsule, building, colorful, etc. However, these names practically do not characterize the special properties of clays.

In production practice, there is also a division of clay into "fat" and "lean" (sandy loam, loam). Such a division of clays is associated with the degree of contamination with quartz sand. Quartz sand is the most frequent and almost always the predominant admixture in clays, especially in residual clay deposits. There is little sand in "fat" clays, and a lot of it in "skinny" clays.

As already mentioned, clays are widespread in nature and usually occur at a shallow depth from the surface. All this makes them a cheap type of mineral raw materials. However, transporting them over long distances is impractical. Therefore, they try to use them as mineral raw materials on the spot whenever possible. For example, all brick and tile factories are necessarily built on the clay deposit itself, since it is much more expedient to bring more expensive fuel to the factory than huge masses of wet and very heavy clay.

However, not all types of clays are found everywhere. Some varieties of them occur only in certain, few areas. Meanwhile, the demand for them is very high, and consumers (factories, construction sites, etc.) are often many hundreds and even thousands of kilometers away from the place of production. In such cases, long-distance transportation of clay becomes inevitable.

Clays are mineral raw materials of mass consumption. They are used in a wide variety of sectors of the economy, for a variety of purposes. Here are just a few of them:

brick production

It is the largest consumer of clays. It does not impose particularly strict requirements on raw materials. For the production of ordinary building bricks, widely used low-melting sandy (“lean”) clays of any color are used. Deposits of such clays are found almost everywhere and a large number of local brick factories are based on them.

In addition to "lean" clays, brick production can also use "fat" plastic clays, however, in this case, quartz sand is added to them to make the bricks more stable during drying and firing. Brick clay should not contain crushed stone, pebbles, gravel, large pieces of limestone, gypsum and other impurities. The firing of building bricks is carried out at a temperature of 900-1000 °.

Along with small brick factories serving small consumers, in our country, near large industrial centers and large new buildings, powerful, fully mechanized enterprises are being created, which annually produce many millions of bricks. Such enterprises require powerful raw material bases, the preparation of which is the most important national economic task.

Cement production

Portland cement is a finely ground powder obtained from a mixture of clay and limestone fired at a temperature of 1450-1500 ° (with a small addition of gypsum). This fired mixture is called "clinker" in the technique. Clinker can be prepared either from marl, which is a natural mixture of limestone and clay, or from an artificial mixture of them in approximately a ratio of 1 part clay and 3 parts limestone.

The quality requirements for clays used in the Portland cement industry are not very strict. Widespread sandy brown and red clays are quite suitable, even with a very high iron content (up to 8-10%). Magnesium oxide is a harmful impurity. The presence of coarse sand, pebbles, crushed stone and other large parts is not allowed. The possibility of using one or another type of clay largely depends on the chemical composition of the limestone mixed with it and is determined in almost every specific case.

Clay cement is a powder obtained by joint grinding of fired clay at a temperature of 750-900 °, dry slaked lime and gypsum in a ratio of 80: 20: 2.

Art

Plastic green, gray-green and gray clays are widely used in sculpture. Usually, all sculptors initially create their works from clay, followed by casting them from plaster or bronze. Only in rare cases is a clay original fired. Fired, unglazed clay sculpture is called "terracotta", glazed - "majolica".

Other consumers

There are many other industries that use clays. These include, for example, soap, perfume, textile, abrasive, pencil and a number of others.

Clays, in addition, are widely used in everyday life, especially in agriculture: for laying furnaces, claying currents, whitewashing walls, etc. The use of swelling clays of the bentonite type in the construction of dams, reservoirs and other similar structures has great prospects. Clay is an important and necessary mineral for many sectors of the national economy.

Clay is one of the most famous and widespread materials used in construction. It is formed as a result of the destruction of clay rocks in a natural way or with the help of mechanical and biochemical influences in the course of evolution.

What is clay made of?

This rock is quite complex and unstable, both in composition and in its characteristics. Pure clay, which does not contain impurities, consists of small particles of minerals no larger than 0.01 mm in size. They are usually plate-shaped.

Such "clay" materials are complex compounds of aluminum, silicon and water. They not only include water in their structure (such water is called chemically bound), but also hold it in the form of interlayers between particles (such water is called physically bound).

If the material is wetted, water enters the space between the layers of the material, and as a result, they are easily shifted in relation to each other. It is thanks to this feature that clay has high plasticity.

Clay contains impurities of substances such as calcium carbonate, quartz, iron sulfide, iron hydroxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, etc. Depending on the chemical composition, clay materials such as kaolinites, halloysites, illites and montmorillonites are isolated.

Based on the purpose of the raw material, it is normalized depending on the percentage of iron oxides, quartz sand, and various impurities. The degree of refractoriness of the material depends on the content of alumina in it. To make refractory products, clay is used, which contains at least 28% alumina.

This is what a clay sample looks like under a microscope:

Specifications and properties

The characteristics of clay are determined by the chemical and mineral composition and particle size.

The volume and specific gravity of refractory ground clay is 1300-1400 kg/m3, fireclay - 1800 kg/m3, dry clay in powder - 900 kg/m3. The density of wet clay is 1600-1820 kg/m3, dry clay is about 100 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity of dry raw materials is 0.1-0.3 W / (m * K), wet - from 0.4 to 3.0 W / (m * K).

Basic properties:

• getting into the water, the clay soaks, is divided into separate particles and forms either a plastic mass or a suspension;
• clay dough is very plastic, in its raw form it can take any shape. Plastic clays are called "oily" because they feel like a greasy material to the touch. Clays with low plasticity are called "skinny". Bricks made from such clay crumble quickly and have poor strength;
• after drying, the clay retains its shape, somewhat decreasing in volume, and as a result of firing it becomes hard, like a stone. It is thanks to this ability that it has long been one of the most popular materials for the production of dishes. Bricks are also made from clay, which have high mechanical strength;
• has adhesiveness and binding ability;
• saturated with a certain volume of water, clay no longer passes water, that is, it has water resistance;
• clay has a covering power. Therefore, in the old days it was widely used for whitewashing stoves and house walls;
• clay has a sorption capacity, that is, it absorbs substances dissolved in a liquid. This allows it to be used to purify refined petroleum products and vegetable fats.

The properties of the material ensure a long service life, but only if they are properly cared for and no mistakes were made during the manufacturing process.

Origin and extraction of clay

Clay can have a different origin - sedimentary or residual. Sedimentary rocks are formed when weathering products are transferred to another place. They can be maritime or continental.

Marine clays are formed in coastal areas, river deltas, lagoons, and on the shelves. Continental clays can be deluvial, proluvial, lacustrine, fluvial, or residual.

Residual rocks are formed by the weathering of rocks in the sea or on land. An example of continental residual clays is kaolin (white clay). Marine residual rocks are usually bleaching.

How mining works

Most types of clay are easy to find because they are often found in nature, are shallow, and are cheap to mine.

But, due to the large weight and high humidity, it is unprofitable to transport the material over long distances, so production is usually arranged near the development site. So, factories for the production of bricks are always built right on the field.

Individual varieties are found only in some regions. Since the demand for them is high, and the plants are often located at a distance from the field, it is necessary to resort to the transportation of raw materials.

Clay occurs in the form of lenses or layers, between which there are layers of sand. Usually there are about 3-6 layers of clay in the deposit, sometimes up to 20. The thickness of the layer can be either 2-5 or 20-30 m.

Previously, clay was mined mainly on the banks of lakes and rivers. Now it is mined mainly in quarries. Development is usually carried out in an open way with the help of excavators. Before the start of mining, preparatory work is carried out: geological exploration to determine the type of occurrence and assessment of raw material reserves, cleaning the surface of vegetation, removing unsuitable rocks.

Clay necessarily undergoes natural processing, during which it is frozen and aged. After that, using special equipment, mechanical processing of the material is performed.

You can see how this happens in the video below:

Types and varieties of clay

Clay of various types is found on Earth, which differ in composition, characteristics and even color. The color of the material depends on the chemical composition. Clay can be white, yellow, red, blue, grey, brown, green and even black.

Varieties of clay are distinguished according to various criteria: plasticity, caking, fire resistance, sensitivity to drying, etc.

There are the following types:

• bentonite- it is used mainly for the purification of vegetable fats, oil products, in the process of drilling wells, less often - in the production of foundry molds .;
• natural red- contains a lot of iron, great elasticity allows it to be used for working with clay plates or for modeling small sculptures .;
• burnt— differs in the increased durability;
• abrasive— it is applied to a scraper of polishing of metals;
• construction- suitable for foundations, blind areas and solutions;
• ceramic- used for the manufacture of dishes and decorative items;
• powder— it is convenient for preparation of various solutions and mixes;
• refractory– suitable for the production of fireclay bricks;
• montmorillonite- used as a bleaching material for cleaning molasses, syrups, beer, wines, fruit juices, vegetable oils, petroleum products, as an additive to soaps that improves their quality; also in the production of medicinal pills and agricultural pest control products;
• fireclay- It is often used for exterior decoration of buildings. The mixture is prepared by adding water to the powder. To get the desired consistency, it is insisted for three days, stirring occasionally, etc.

It is formed during the chemical decomposition of volcanic ash. Such clay swells well in water and has a high bleaching ability compared to other varieties. It may have different colors.

The video details the types of clay and demonstrates their samples:

What is the price

The cost of clay can vary significantly depending on its type and characteristics. The price for it is from 100 to 500 rubles. for 1 cu. m. The sale of clay is quite popular. This is due to the minimal cost of production and its rather large reserve in the bowels of the earth.

It is a clay fired at a high temperature (more than 340 degrees) and ground into powder.

Advantages and disadvantages

Nowadays, clay is used in construction mainly as an auxiliary material or raw material for the production of other materials (brick, ceramics). Clay-based materials have a lot of advantages, and clay itself can be used for construction and decoration.

The main advantages of clay as a building material are:

• complete environmental friendliness;
• high temperature resistance;
• hypoallergenicity;
• maintaining the humidity level at an optimal level;
• free passage of air through the walls;
• absorption of harmful substances;
• waste-free production.

Among the shortcomings of the material, significant shrinkage, deformation of the walls after drying, the need for additional waterproofing of the structure should be noted.

Since ancient times, man has used clay for his needs. It was the basis of building materials, they made dishes from it, used it for treatment. Clay is an integral part of the world in which we live, like earth, trees, water. Clay deposits are found all over the world. Some species are used as a component for the production of building materials. Other types of clay are used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. We are interested in the last clay, the one that can be used for healing and maintaining health.

What is clay made of?

Clay is a soft, loose earthy material containing particles smaller than 4 microns. Clay is formed as a result of weathering and erosion of rocks, which contains the mineral feldspar. During the weathering of feldspar under the influence of water, its composition changes and clay minerals are formed, such as kaolinite (the main mineral of kaolin clays) and smectite (the main mineral of bentonite clays).

Kaolinite has a flat, dense lamellar structure and consists mainly of silicate and aluminate.

Smectites, unlike kaolinite, have a four, six, octahedral structure, through which water freely penetrates, forming a gel. There are two main types. This is sodium and potassium bentonite, depending on the content of potassium or sodium in it.

Useful and healing properties of clay

Clay is one of the oldest remedies used by man to treat many diseases. Its beauty properties are passed down from generation to generation.

Depending on the minerals (silicon, iron, magnesium, calcium) contained in the clay, its color and properties may vary. Clay is able to absorb unpleasant odors, fight germs and bacteria, soothe pain, cleanse the skin, leaving it clean and smooth.

Clay can bring great benefits to the human body and maintain health. It is used in the treatment of dermatitis, rheumatism, it is able to relieve stress and calm. The chemical composition of clay gives this mineral substance truly unique healing properties. Here are just a few of its medicinal properties.

Antiseptic and bactericidal. Clay is a sterile complex that can create an environment that is not viable for the development of bacteria, inhibit their reproduction and is completely safe for humans.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Due to its ability to absorb heat, clay soothes and relieves inflammation. This property is used for burns, sprains, bruises, in cosmetology.

Remineralization. The finely dispersed structure of clay allows the release and absorption of minerals from it, which can be successfully used for joint diseases, fractures, osteoporosis, and anemia.

Adsorbent and antitoxic properties. The ability of clay to absorb a large amount of water allows you to draw out toxins, poisons from the body, especially water-soluble ones, and also reduce gas formation. At the same time, it "shares" the mineral composition with the body. This property of clay is used for poisoning, flatulence. The action of the well-known means "Smekta" is based precisely on this property of clay.

regenerating properties. Clay stimulates blood clotting and accelerates tissue regeneration (this applies only to clays containing aluminum).

alkalizing properties. The high content of the basic elements of the composition of the clay has an alkalizing effect on the human body.

Tonic properties. The complex of minerals improves body functions and gives energy. The high calcium content, for example, helps to strengthen bones and give elasticity to tissues. Magnesium can relieve nervous tension and muscle fatigue. The high content of silica in clay is especially useful for anemia, chronic fatigue, and weak immunity.

Types of clay

Clay is now available at any pharmacy or store. Its classification depends on the color of the clay, which in turn depend on the chemical composition, location of the clay deposit. In general, there are two main types of clay. These are kaolin clay and bentonite. Multi-colored clay belongs to kaolinic. Although bentonite may also vary slightly in color depending on the deposit.

Green clay. Green clay is about 50 percent silica and about 14 percent aluminum compound. It is alkaline and has strong anti-inflammatory properties. Such clay is most often used externally to treat eczema, acne, dark spots. It absorbs sebum well and is often used in cosmetology.

White clay. This type of clay contains a large amount of silicon dioxide, about 48 percent, and aluminum (about 36 percent). Often referred to simply as kaolin or white clay, it is considered the best clay of all for internal use. It removes fermentation in the intestines, has intoxication properties.

Unlike green clay, which can cause constipation when used internally, white clay, on the contrary, stimulates intestinal motility. When used internally, white clay absorbs bacteria and viruses, toxins that are present in the digestive system, reduces gas formation, which is useful for poisoning and bloating.

In addition, white clay relieves stomach pain caused by high acidity, heartburn and normalizes ph. It is also used to speed up wound healing and reduce inflammation.
when used externally, it can be used to make masks. It improves skin condition, removes wrinkles, peeling, cleanses the skin of excess sebum, tightens pores and tightens the contour of the face.

White clay is hypoallergenic and can be used to care for sensitive skin and even baby skin in the form of powder.

Red clay. The red color of the clay is due to ferric iron. There is practically no aluminum in this clay. It was used by the ancient Romans to treat joint pain. She treated horse injuries and washed them with this clay to prevent infections and diseases.

Today, red clay is used in cosmetology in many masks and creams. It can be used for sore gums: just brush your teeth and gums and then rinse your mouth well.
Red clay is recommended for sensitive delicate skin, with dermatitis, as it has good adsorbing properties, relieves irritation and pain.

This type of clay can be used for bruises, hematomas, muscle pain. It relieves swelling and pain. It is recommended to use red clay for those who often suffer from headaches, abscesses, boils, migraines, gout, as it improves blood circulation.

Yellow clay. The yellow color of the clay is due to the presence of iron and copper in it. It can be used for pain in the back, neck, spine. When mixed with green clay, it is used to treat joints, relieve pain, relieve fatigue, and restore muscles and ligaments. Sometimes it is used internally.

Gray clay. Such clay can be found under the name blue, blue clay. Although in fact it is closer to gray. The gray color of the clay is due to the high content of silicon dioxide. Its in it about 60 percent.

Inside, gray clay is used for stomach problems associated with increased production of gastric juice and intestines. It also removes excess fluid and has an alkalizing effect. This clay is also an excellent adsorbent, perhaps even better than green clay.

Since it contains almost 60 percent silica and about 20 percent aluminum, gray clay has good anti-inflammatory properties. It can be used for treatment both internally and externally.

Pink clay. In general, this is not a separate type of clay, but a mixture of white and red clay. But it can often be seen in the pharmacy. This clay has a balanced composition of iron oxide, mineral salts and silica. It is used in the form of masks and is suitable for all skin types.

Red clay cleanses the skin of toxins and excess sebum secreted. White clay relieves irritation and dryness. In pink clay, these two properties are combined.

It well stimulates blood circulation, exfoliates and cleanses the skin.

This clay is often used to make homemade scrubs, powders and soaps.

How to apply clay

Unfortunately, we sell clay only in the form of a powder and as a cosmetic product. Although in the same Asian countries, you can find other commercial forms. But it is still important to know how to use clay for various purposes.

Clay can be applied both inside and topically on the skin in the form of masks, poultices, compresses, dry powder. It is added to the bath. In this case, clay can be of different grinding.

Clay with larger particles is used only in the bath, including foot baths, for large compresses or dressings. Fine clay can be used for the same purposes. But besides this, such clay can be used inside.

When treating clay, you can add essential oils to it, depending on the problem you want to solve.

clay for oral administration

Oral clay is usually prepared in the evening to drink on an empty stomach. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute a tablespoon of clay (without top, at the level of the edge of the spoon) in 3/4 cup of water.

Clay is stirred with a wooden spoon and, covered with a napkin or gauze, left until the morning.

At first, you can drink only that part of the water that is on top, leaving a clay sediment. The course of admission is 1 month. Clay water can be drunk with anemia, intestinal and gastric problems, to cleanse the body of toxins.

Dried clay in the form of sticks. Clay sticks are sold in India, China, South America. Use them for resorption, not for drinking.

Clay tablets. Essential oils can be added to such tablets. They are also dissipated. During the day, you can take up to 3 tablets. Course - 1 month.

External application. To prepare clay in the form of a poultice, it is mixed only in wooden, ceramic or glassware and a wooden spoon. Never use metal utensils.

For cosmetic purposes

Use the same utensils as for preparation for external use. Pour clay with mineral or purified water so that it is completely covered with water.

Leave for about an hour and then add the essential oil. The amount of clay and essential oil varies depending on the purpose of use. Stir only with a wooden spoon.

Next, apply clay to the face. If clay is used to treat skin diseases, then spread evenly on gauze or a napkin. Leave from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Fix the bandage so that it does not mix.

Clay treatment at home

The use of clay for healing is not a new practice. In some countries, it still occupies not the last place. Although clay is better known in our country and used for cosmetic purposes. Therefore, here are some recipes on how to use clay to treat certain diseases.

Circulatory disorders. Prepare a clay talker, in which you can add cypress essential oil, and apply to diseased veins. In addition to cypress, you can add essential oil of geranium, lemon, for example, 3 drops of geranium and 5 drops of lemon oil.

Intestinal spasms, colic, convulsions. Dilute the clay, but not liquid. Wrap in a napkin and heat in a water bath. Apply a compress to the abdomen. Do such a compress no earlier than half an hour after eating. Essential oils of Roman chamomile, lavender, lemon balm, fennel can be added to the clay in this proportion: 3 drops of chamomile, 2 drops of lavender and lemon balm, 3 drops of fennel.

With insomnia. Make a hot compress with clay in the area of ​​the spine and neck, adding 4 drops of bitter orange essential oil, 3 drops of Roman chamomile, 4 drops of lavender oil to it.

The use of clay in the form of a bandage. This is done when you need to apply clay to a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. It is necessary to cut gauze or cloth corresponding to the width of the area on which the clay will be applied. Prepare a clay mash and soak a cloth in it.

At a temperature. At a temperature, a cold talker is made of clay. Add 2 drops of bergamot essential oil, 1 drop of mint and eucalyptus essential oils to the solution. Apply a moistened bandage to the forehead and leave for several hours.

With inflammation of the mouth and gums. For this, rinsing with a solution of clay is used, which is insisted for at least 2 hours. Stir the clay well before rinsing. After rinsing, rinse your mouth well with water.

Clay baths. Baths can be done either for the whole body, or just for the arms or legs. You can do a sitz bath. To prepare a bath, dilute 500 grams of clay in water. You can add an essential oil, depending on the purpose of use. Since clay can clog the drain, it is still best to do sitz baths or use a separate tub.

For rheumatism, add 8 drops of juniper essential oil and 2 drops of laurel oil to a clay bath.

For physical fatigue: 7 drops of rosemary essential oil and 2 drops of thyme oil.

You need to take baths for no more than 15-20 minutes and do them every other day.

Ointment with clay

To prepare the ointment, finely dispersed clay is used. You can dilute it with a decoction of medicinal herbs or hydrolate. Essential oils are also added. For medicinal ointments, green clay or bentonite is usually used. For cosmetics - white kaolin

Clay for the face. Clay masks

Clay is used in many cosmetic procedures: body wraps, scrubs, hair masks. But the most commonly used method is face masks.

To prepare a face mask, you need to mix 10 grams of clay with 10-15 ml of liquid (it can be herbal decoctions, just water or flower water). For oily skin, fruit or vegetable juices such as tomato, cucumber, lemon or orange juice can be used to dilute the clay. For dry and normal skin, milk, honey, olive or other cosmetic oil, egg yolks are suitable.

Mix to a paste. The mask is applied for 20-30 minutes and then washed off with warm water. After the mask, apply a moisturizer.

For oily skin, you can add 1 drop of lemon essential oil and 2 drops of lavender oil to the mask.

For dry skin, 1 drop of sweet orange and 2 drops of sandalwood.

Clay as a powder. Clay can be used as talc. It is great for treating ulcers, wounds, eczema, and is able to soothe just irritated red areas of the skin.

In addition, clay acts as a deodorant, absorbs excess fat, helps relieve irritation and heal.

Clay for cellulite

With puffiness of the skin, make such a compress: 5 drops of lemon juice, 4 drops of lemon balm essential oil, 2 drops of oregano oil. Apply a compress to the legs and buttocks.

In case of circulatory disorders: 4 drops of geranium essential oil, 4 drops of cypress oil, 3 drops of rosemary oil.

For thickened peel: 6 drops of bitter orange essential oil, 2 drops each of cedar and ginger oils.

The use of clay, even just for purely cosmetic purposes, will allow you to preserve the beauty of your skin for a long time and prolong youth.

Different types of clay can be mixed with each other. This will only enhance the mutual action of the clay.