Speech therapist at home - how to organize speech therapy classes at home? Open lesson in speech therapy.

When a four-year-old toddler does not pronounce individual letters, lisps or distorts words, this causes concern for parents, especially if there are examples of peers with almost impeccable speech in the immediate environment. About what speech defects for children of 4 years old are considered the norm, and when to talk about, and what to do to eliminate this backlog - and will be discussed in this article.

Features of the speech apparatus at 4 years old

A child at the age of four is already sufficiently proficient in such a tool as speech, and knows how to use it to communicate with the outside world. A small person no longer simply pronounces words and puts them into sentences, but with the help of words he expresses his own thoughts and draws independent conclusions from information received from outside.

The circle of communication of children of this age group is also expanding significantly. The child already has little communication with parents and relatives, he wants contact with the world in the face of various strangers, and the child not only willingly makes such contact, but also acts as its initiator.
The word "why" most often flies off the language of parents in relation to the child during this particular period of his life. Experts believe that the more questions the “why” asks, the better mental development he demonstrates. The fact that after asking a question, your child often loses interest in the answer without listening to it to the end, is also the norm, the little man has not yet learned to concentrate, and parents should try to formulate answers simply and clearly.

Did you know? If it seems to you that your baby is silent only when falling asleep, do not be surprised: it should be so. At this age, the norm for a child is an almost continuous speech flow throughout the entire time of wakefulness.

The vocabulary of a four-year-old baby is rich enough to communicate, but still too poor to, for example, retell a fairy tale to his grandmother, told by his mother the day before, or describe in detail the events of the past day. On the other hand, thanks to an excellent memory, a rhyme or the same fairy tale, if it is short, the baby can literally repeat without even fully understanding the meaning of individual words and phrases.

Already realizing that all objects and actions around have their own names, the baby can independently replace an unknown name with a collective one, for example, call a violet a flower, and a herring a fish.
In addition to nouns and verbs, the little man already uses more complex parts of speech in conversation - pronouns, adverbs, interjections, conjunctions and prepositions. Case inconsistency and errors in the use of such service parts of speech are completely normal at this age.

To simple questions, the baby already gives not monosyllabic, but rather detailed answers.

The vocabulary of a child by the age of four reaches an average of two thousand words.

Further, this age is characterized by a very rapid improvement in speech, it improves right before our eyes, the baby begins to try to speak correctly, imitating adults (it turns out, of course, not immediately, but the attempts are obvious).

It is normal if, intuitively sensing the presence of complex words in the language (airplane, ship, etc.), the baby begins to invent his own new words in the same way.

In some cases, the little one even tries to explore rhymes and compose simple rhymes.
However, the speech apparatus at this age is still far from perfect. It is not a deviation from the norm if the baby:

• confuses cases, agreement of gender and number (opened the “door”, the cat “ran”, etc.);
• swaps or skips syllables or sounds in compound words;
• does not pronounce whistling, hissing and sonorous sounds: hissing sounds are replaced by whistling ones (“ezik” instead of “hedgehog”, “sum” instead of “noise”) and vice versa (“zhayats” instead of “hare”, “sheledka” instead of “herring”), and sonorous "l" and "p" are replaced by "le" and "y" respectively ("yiba" instead of "fish", "swallow" instead of "swallow").

At the same time, by the age of four, a growing person usually acquires the skill of a continuous pronunciation of words with two consonants in a row (plum, bomb, apple). This is facilitated by the strengthening of the muscular apparatus of the tongue and lips, as well as the coordination of their movements. The sounds “s”, “x”, “e”, which are incomprehensible at first, at this stage usually no longer cause difficulties.

In addition, the child already knows how to adjust the volume of speech depending on the specific circumstances (at home, speak quieter, and louder on a noisy street). Speech begins to take shape.

Another feature of this age is that the baby begins to notice speech errors in other children.

The main characteristics of a child's speech at 4 years old

All of the above is considered the norm rather conditionally. All children are individual both in mental abilities and in temperament, some develop faster, others slower, and to say that Olya knows two thousand words and writes poetry, and Vasya only a thousand and gets confused in simple sentences, therefore, is mentally retarded , is completely wrong.

Did you know? The concept of the norm for boys and girls is also very different: in terms of speech, four-year-old girls are ahead of their male peers by an average of 4 months, which is a lot for this age!

In addition, constant communication with loved ones for children of 4 years old is the best activity for the development of speech, therefore, in a child growing up in a loving and attentive family, the speech apparatus and vocabulary are objectively better developed than in a baby who is not needed by anyone.

However, there are objective indicators that indicate that something is wrong with the child's speech.

Pathology Tests

Test your child on their own by asking them to complete the following tasks(not necessarily immediately, otherwise the baby will lose interest in the “game” and stop trying, and the test result will be unreliable):

• pronounce your last name, first name and patronymic without prompting;
• list the names of parents, family members, close friends and other people who are in the immediate circle of constant communication;
• describe some interesting situation or adventure (wait for the right opportunity and choose the moment when something happened to the baby that was supposed to impress him);
• recognize a loved one in a group photo or in a photograph where he is depicted in his youth (pattern recognition test);
• divide into groups a certain set of edible-inedible items, clothes, dishes, etc.), and after completing the task, justify your choice;
• describe the signs of a particular object (sharp needle, sour apple, sweet strawberry, dark night, cold winter);
• name the action performed in the picture or in the proposed situation (the girl is crying, the boy is playing around, the cat is running away);
• verbatim repeat what they heard;
• retell what they saw or heard (fairy tale, cartoon);
• speak first loudly, then quietly.

Rate the results. But be kind to your child!

Important! The presence of errors in the performance of the task does not indicate speech disorders. If the faults are minor and the child is able to correct them after being told what the mistake was, there is no cause for concern.

The reason to think and consult a specialist is the presence of the following signs(not one, but a whole series of the following):

• the baby's speech is obviously too fast or too slow, so much so that it seems that the child is doing it on purpose;
• The “speaker” speaks as if he had taken porridge in his mouth, it is impossible to understand him even to close people;
• the child communicates in separate words, without putting them into sentences in accordance with the rules of grammar;
• the baby does not perceive what they say to him (do not confuse with whims and unwillingness to fulfill the requirements);
• "swallowing" the endings of words is constantly present;
• “one’s own opinion” is not visible in the speech, it consists entirely of phrases heard somewhere;
• the child's mouth is constantly ajar, even if he is silent, and there is so much saliva that it splashes during a conversation or hangs from his lips at rest.

Causes of speech disorders

There can be many reasons for speech disorders. Some of them are signs of a serious illness, while others simply indicate a lack of attention to the baby. In particular, there are such factors that can affect children's speech:

1. Hereditary factor (genetic abnormalities).
2. Intrauterine or generic.
3. Consequences of the transferred disease.
4. Unfavorable family environment.

The first group of these reasons includes not only the age at which the baby's parents began to speak, but also very specific birth defects - malocclusion, stuttering, violations of the structure of the palate or tongue, pathologies in certain areas of the cerebral cortex, problems with.

The second group of reasons is a number of diseases and other harmful factors that a woman could encounter during and (stress, infectious diseases, adoption, attempt, trauma, alcohol, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, harmful production, birth asphyxia, etc.) .

Speech problems can also be caused by those that have befallen the baby himself in the first years of his life. This is especially true of infectious diseases, injuries of the head and palate.
We will not talk separately about the unfavorable situation in the family, everything is clear here.

How to identify a speech disorder

Speech disorders in a child can manifest themselves in different ways. In the age group of interest to us, they are usually classified as follows:

• phonation(there is no intonation, it is impossible to adjust the volume of speech, etc.);
• structural-semantic(general problems with speech up to its complete absence);
• phonetic(defects in pronunciation and perception), etc.

Did you know? Humanity has known about speech problems for a long time. As follows from the Old Testament, even the prophet Moses had them. According to legend, the pharaoh wanted to kill little Moses because the baby allowed himself to play with the crown, which the priests saw as a bad omen. On the advice of another priest who stood up for the future prophet, the baby had to be shown gold and burning coals: if the baby chooses gold, he will die, if coals, he will live. Moved by the hand of the guardian angel, the child reached for the coal and raised it to his lips. Because of this, the speech of the prophet subsequently remained slurred.

At the first stage, parents, noticing certain signs of speech disorders in their 4-year-old child, should point out this problem to the pediatrician, the latter, in turn, recognizing the fears as justified, sends the baby to a speech therapist. In most cases, already at this stage, children and their parents receive the necessary recommendations and a set of speech therapy exercises for self-study at home.

But sometimes, in order to understand what exactly causes speech problems, the child sometimes needs to be comprehensively examined. To this end, a pediatrician and a speech therapist can involve narrow specialists, in particular:

• neurologist;
• otolaryngologist;
• psychiatrist;
• psychologist;
• audiologist.

To get a complete picture, the baby can be subjected to a number of laboratory and other procedures, in particular:

• magnetic resonance imaging;
• encephalogram;
• Ultrasound of the brain (echoencephalography).

This will eliminate the pathology of the head.
In addition, doctors will definitely conduct their own testing of the baby, study the motor skills of the facial muscles, and analyze information about the social and living conditions in which the child grows.

If, in general, everything is in order with the baby, his treatment will consist only in performing special exercises for the tongue, intended for children of 4 years old, taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular small patient.

The structure of a speech therapy lesson at home

Aimed at eliminating speech defects, it should be carried out methodically, systematically, only in this case you can count on a high result.

The psychological aspect of working with a child

First of all, parents should not forget about the age of the child. Everything needs to be done to turn the lessons into a fun game. Also, this time should be used to communicate with the baby, so you "kill two birds with one stone" and get a synergistic effect (properly performed exercises and parental attention together will enhance each other's action).

Gymnastics for fingers

It would seem, what is the connection between fingers and tongue? It turns out to be the most direct. The entire centuries-old experience of speech therapy (and this science has its roots in antiquity) indicates that the development of fine motor skills and speech are directly dependent. That is why speech therapy classes for children of 4 years old always include finger exercises, and when developing a child’s speech at home, this block should not be forgotten.

Gymnastics for fingers in such young children it is carried out not in the form of physical education, but in the form of a game. The child is offered to “make” a hedgehog, a cat, a flower, a ball or a flag with the handles, to show how the bird drinks water or flaps its wings, etc.

A specific set of finger games will be developed by a speech therapist, the task of parents is to strictly fulfill them, devoting at least five minutes a day to the game development of fine motor skills.

Articulation gymnastics with pictures

The next exercise is articulation gymnastics. Its task is to develop and strengthen the muscles of the tongue and lips so that they become strong, flexible and well "obeyed" their master.

The peculiarity of these speech therapy classes for children of 4 years old is that they are held in front of a mirror so that the child can see how his facial muscles work, what position the tongue is in, etc. For the first time, the speech therapist will show the baby's parents how to perform the exercises correctly, in the future this work will be done at home on their own.

The regularity of gymnastics is daily. It is better to give this lesson twice a day for 5-7 minutes than to torment the child for a quarter of an hour in a row and then leave it alone until tomorrow. Under the control of the parents, the baby licks his lips with his tongue, as if he had just eaten sweet jam, “cleans” his teeth, but not with a brush, but with his tongue, depicts a swing with it, etc.

Development of phonemic hearing

A very important part of the lesson is the development of speech (or phonemic) hearing. Our task is to teach the baby to hear and recognize sounds.

Doing these exercises with children at the age of 4 years is a real pleasure. You can come up with a lot of speech therapy games, you can design the attributes necessary for this with your own hands, or you can involve a baby in such a production, then at the same time he will develop fine motor skills, acquire useful skills and expand his horizons.

1. Invite the child to listen to how certain objects “sound” (paper rustles, wooden spoons knock, glass clinks on glass). Then the baby should recognize the same sounds, but with his eyes closed.
2. Pick up a video on the Internet where the voices of various animals or birds sound. Show them to the child and again offer to recognize the "beast" by the voice with closed eyes.
3. In the same way, find a video or sound recording with various noises - the sea, forests, city streets. Let the baby listen to them and ask him to recognize the source of each sound (car, motorcycle, train, wave, etc.).
4. Blindfold the child and move around the room with a bell, trying not to make noise. The task of the baby is to accurately show with his finger where exactly the ringing comes from.
5. Invite your child to imitate the sounds that various animals make. Pay the child’s attention not only to the appearance, but also to the age of the animal (perhaps the little kitten still doesn’t know how to say “meow”, it only squeaks plaintively and thinly, and can’t do it very loudly, because it’s just a baby). For such a lesson on the development of speech, it is good to use special speech therapy pictures or toys in the form of animals - at 4 years old it will be much easier and more interesting for a child.

One of the exercises for the development of phonemic hearing is the so-called logopedic rhythm. Come up with an interesting song, the performance of which is accompanied by certain movements (remember or rewatch the film "Bald Nanny" with Vin Diesel, there is a very vivid example of such logarithmics).

Fantasize, do not limit yourself to the exercises that the speech therapist has come up with for your child, and then your kid will perceive the classes as an interesting game and look forward to it!

Speech development

Speech, like muscles, needs to be developed. The vocabulary of the child should be replenished constantly, but how to do this if the baby performs the same routine actions all day long? Try to fill the life of your crumbs with new impressions, and then his speech will be enriched by itself, without any additional effort on your part.

Invite the child to make an interesting and fascinating story on the topic: how I spent the summer (of course, this will only work if the baby really has something to remember). Such speech therapy tasks for children of 4 years old are much more interesting and, importantly, more effective than methodical exercises in front of a mirror.
Learn poems and tongue twisters with your child, read fairy tales to him, tell fascinating stories and just chat. Do not forget that at this age the baby's vocabulary is divided into two parts: the words that the baby uses during speech, and the words that he does not repeat yet, but already understands. Try to use as many new words as possible in your stories and don't be lazy to explain their meaning. By developing the baby's passive vocabulary, you thereby, albeit more slowly, expand and active.

Exercises for setting the sound "p"

For children 4 years old who do not pronounce individual letters, special exercises are used. For example, at this age, babies very often do not cope, simply skipping it or replacing it with “l”, also difficulties arise with hissing “sh”, “u”. Speech therapy rhymes help a lot with this. There are a huge number of them, they are classified according to specific problematic sounds, the most successful ones can be selected to your liking on the Web, without even resorting to the help of a speech therapist.

Important! The problem with the “p” sound often has a physiological character (insufficient development of the so-called “bridle”, in connection with which the tongue does not reach the palate, and the baby objectively cannot “growl”). It is for this reason that children who do not pronounce "r" are usually advised to show a specialist nevertheless. For self-control, listen, perhaps your baby “swallows” the letter “p” not always, but only in separate sounds, then, most likely, you just need to practice the skill.

Many exercises for "r" have been developed. Here are a few of them:

1. The child should open his mouth and press his tongue to the base of the upper teeth. In this position, you need to pronounce the sound “d” several times in a row. Further, the task becomes more difficult. All the same is accompanied by the exhalation of air with its direction to the tip of the tongue. The point is that the baby remembers the vibration that occurs during the exercise. It is she who is present in the pronunciation of the sound "r".
2. We pronounce "zh" with a wide open mouth, gradually raising the tongue to the upper teeth. At this time, an adult carefully places a special spatula under the child's tongue and makes movements to the sides to create vibration. The task of the child is to blow on the tongue.
3. The kid pulls the tongue back and says “for”, and the adult inserts the spatula under the tongue in the same way as in the previous exercise. If you perform the technique correctly, it will sound exactly “p”, and the child should remember this feeling.

Exercises for setting hissing

Of all the hissers, it is easiest to "agree" with the sound "sh", they usually begin the production with it. The baby is invited to say "sa", slowly raising the tongue to the base of the upper teeth until a hiss is heard. Now with the release of air from the lungs, the child adds "a" to pronounce "sha". An adult should help convert “sa” to “sha”, using the same spatula. We remember the sensations and hone the skill.

"Sch" also starts with a simple "s". The setting involves a spatula, with which the adult places the tongue in the correct position.

To set “h”, we pronounce “t” with an exhalation, and the adult pushes the tongue back with a spatula.

We do not forget about the mirror, and we also do not get tired of showing the child the correct pronunciation technique.

Your baby really wants to cope with the task, so that you can be proud of him! And children are natural imitators. Therefore, if a four-year-old child has speech disorders, but no other pathologies have been identified, the problem will be solved very quickly if you are patient and give your child a little attention and love.

Violations of the pronunciation of sounds are found in many children. The most common problems are the distortion of the sound of a letter (burr, lisp, etc.), its replacement with another, the omission of sounds that are difficult to pronounce. Speech therapy classes - whether on your own or under the guidance of a professional - will help eliminate the existing problem.

If the lessons of a speech therapist are not available to you for any reason, then you can deal with the child on your own, but adhering to certain recommendations.

In preschool children, games for the development of speech are recognized as the most effective method for eliminating various speech defects.

The game, aimed at improving speech abilities, not only attracts the child with its fascination, but is also the most useful of all methods for developing this most important skill. Speech therapy classes for children, conducted in a game format, contribute to the development of speech, the consolidation of new words, the formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds. In addition, the future basis for cognitive activity and the development of mental abilities is being laid.

Here are examples of the main types of activities aimed at developing the richness of speech in children:

• Addition of the sentence: in summer the leaves on the maple are green, and with the onset of autumn ...; we collect mushrooms in ..., and tomatoes - in ..., etc.
• Completion of the sentence: I want ....; I can…; I will draw...etc.
• Item description: pen - new, beautiful, colored ...; chamomile - white, beautiful, summer ...; a river - deep, wide, transparent ... etc.
• Names of domestic and forest animals with cubs: rooster, hen, chickens; hare, hare, hares, etc.
• Big - small (the child needs to choose a diminutive for the proposed word): vase - vase, mouse - mouse, leaf - leaflet, etc.
• Catch the ball (the speech therapist throws the ball and calls the noun, the child's task is to transform it into an adjective): autumn - autumn, birch - birch, etc.
• Expression of disagreement / agreement (the task of the lesson is to form the child's ability to approve or challenge the proposed thought with the ability to justify his opinion): It will soon begin to rain - No, because there are no clouds in the sky.
• Word formation (in the proposed word, you need to replace a specific sound): squirrel - roll, itself - catfish, give - blow.

Try to do the exercises using the pictures, the kids love them very much.

Speech therapy classes at home

Speech therapy sessions with a child may include:

• gymnastics for the development of articulation;
• games for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics;
• recitation of poems and tongue twisters.

It is necessary to deal with the child daily, carefully considering the course of the lesson, captivating him. If he is not interested, then the baby will not acquire the necessary skills.

When starting speech therapy classes at home, you need to remember the following rules:

• The duration of the lesson should be increased gradually. The first can last no more than 3 - 5 minutes.
• The lesson should be interesting and make the child want to learn. Forcing the baby to do something against his will is not worth it, otherwise he may refuse to do the exercises at all.
• You can arrange short classes, but several times a day.
• If something doesn’t work out for a child, you can’t yell at him. You need to try to find the cause of the "naughty tongue" and fix it.

finger games

Speech therapy classes for children should include finger games, as they contribute to the development of fine motor skills. Scientists have long proven a direct connection between the hands and the part of the brain responsible for the development of speech skills.

Learning texts in combination with finger gymnastics helps develop skills such as:

1. the ability to think spatially, to express their emotions;
2. imagination;
3. attention.

In a child, in addition to improving speech, there is an acceleration in the speed of reactions. Classes conducted in a playful way help to better memorize the text and make speech more expressive.

To get the desired result, you need to deal with the child every day, spending about 5 minutes of time on it.

Exercises for the development of finger motor skills:

• Flower. The palms are folded together, fingers pointing up. From the palms we fold the flower bud, pressing them to each other. The child says aloud the quatrain:
  The sun is rising
  The flower opens, (fingers need to be spread apart, but the palms remain pressed)
  The sun is setting
  The flower goes to bed (fingers must be returned to their original position).
• Kitty. The palms lie on the table, gathered into a fist. The child pronounces the words “Fist - palm. I walk like a cat” and spreads his fingers without lifting his palms from the surface of the table, and then squeezes again. Repeat the exercises three to five times.
• A bird is flying. Arms crossed in front of you, palms facing. You need to hook your thumbs together. This will be the “head”, and the palms will act as wings. You need to wave them without separating your fingers.
  The bird has flown (waving wings),
  Sela - turned gray (the child separates his palms and presses them to his chest),
  She flew further.

Finger games can be used as moments of relaxation during the speech therapy session itself, helping to distract the child and allow him to switch attention.

Articulation gymnastics

Before starting to perform speech therapy exercises, it is necessary to conduct an articulation warm-up. Specialized gymnastics helps to strengthen the muscles of the articulatory apparatus and prepare it for speech therapy classes.

Articulation gymnastics is a set of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the lips and tongue. They are responsible for the pronunciation of sounds. If the muscles of the tongue are underdeveloped, then speech will sound slurred.

It is necessary to do gymnastics in front of a mirror. Then the child will be able to control the correctness of the movements. It is very important for him to observe the movements of the lips and tongue. So the baby will quickly understand what position they should occupy in order to pronounce sounds correctly.

Articulation exercises should be performed twice a day. The duration of the lesson is 5 ... 7 minutes. As a result, the child will be able to learn to speak not only correctly, but also as clearly and understandably as possible.

Articulation complex:

• The lips are stretched in a smile, but the teeth should not be visible. Fix the position for 30 seconds.
• Smile widely with open teeth. Lock in for half a minute.
• Open your mouth a little, put a relaxed tongue on the surface of the lower lip. Spank them, pronouncing the syllable "ПЯ". In this case, the upper lip touches the tongue.
• The mouth is open. The tongue should be pulled forward and try to roll it in the form of a tube. Fix the position for half a minute.
• At a slow pace, lick your lips with your tongue from corner to corner, without lifting your tongue from the surface of the lips. He must complete a full circle. First clockwise, then counterclockwise.
• On the face is a wide smile with a parted mouth. The tip of the tongue should touch either one corner or the other.
• Smiling face with open mouth. Press the tip of the tongue against the surface of the teeth and with a little effort draw along the back wall of the lower dentition. Repeat 10 times. Repeat the exercise, but it is necessary to pass the tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth.
• There is a wide smile on his face. At the expense of "one" we touch the lower teeth, at the expense of "two" - to the upper ones. Repeat exercises 5 times.
• The mouth is open. Let the child quickly stick out and hide the tip of the tongue. But it should not touch the teeth and tongue.
• There is a wide smile on his face. The tongue is relaxed and lies on the lower lip. Exhaling air, the child must blow on a ball of cotton lying on the table so that he can move.

Games for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia, logorhythmics

You need to supplement articulation gymnastics with other exercises. These should be exercises for the development of hearing, onomatopoeia and logorhythm.

Speech hearing helps the child to understand, distinguish and reproduce sounds. If it is not well developed, then the baby’s speech is fuzzy and contains errors.

Examples of exercises for the development of speech hearing:

• The child needs to demonstrate objects that can make sounds. It can be spoons, a drum, rattles and others. Then you need to let the baby listen to the sound of each. Then he turns his back and guesses which of the objects sounded. The purpose of the exercise is to improve speech hearing and to consolidate the skill in distinguishing sounds.
• An adult picks up a bell. The child is standing against the wall with his eyes closed. The adult moves around the room and periodically rings the bell. The task of the baby is to point to the sounding bell with his hand, without opening his eyes.

The development of onomatopoeia is another part of speech therapy classes. For the exercise, a plot picture is used in accordance with the age group of the child. It can be, for example, an image of a girl rocking a doll. Let the child begin to reproduce motion sickness and cradle the imaginary doll. It is important to control its articulation.

Good results are given by games based on the imitation of the voices of the animal world. Such speech therapy exercises will be more interesting if images of animals / birds, their figures and figures of cubs are used during the lesson.

An example is the game of mosquito. The picture should show a mosquito. "Let's meet the mosquito. His name is Arseny. He flies a lot and often sings his favorite song - "Z-Z-Z". Let's sing along with Arseniy too! "Z-Z-Z".

Then invite your child to catch a mosquito and listen to him sing his song. We grab empty air with our fist, listen and sing a mosquito song - “Z-Z-Z”.

Logorhythmics is a speech therapy exercise that combines movement, music and speech. All children really like such classes, because they always take place in a fun environment.

An adult reads a poem aloud and reproduces the movements described in the work. It is very important to choose the appropriate musical accompaniment in advance. Then the children repeat what they saw.

For the lesson, you can use, for example, the following poem:

On a narrow path (the child walks in one place)
Our legs walked (begins to take steps in place, raising his knees high)
On the pebbles, on the pebbles (trampling on the spot)
And boom in the hole (the kid jumps up and sits on the floor).

Recitation of poems and tongue twisters

Speech therapy sessions with a child should include reading aloud various children's poems. It is not worth teaching complex poems with a child; it is better to start with simple quatrains.

Excellent results can be achieved if speech therapy classes for children include tongue twisters. They are short rhyming sentences. They help to make speech clear, well-delivered, and also expand the child's vocabulary and improve diction.

Six mice rustle in the reeds.
Sasha hit the bumps with his hat, got a bruise on his forehead.

You can also come up with your own tongue twister, read about how to do it correctly in the “Speech Development” section on our website.

Independent speech therapy sessions with children will help solve problems with simple defects. In the presence of serious violations, a professional should deal with speech correction.

The first sounds and words of the little man are quite funny and make adults smile. However, no one will smile if they hear upside down words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is an important element of our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one's thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to the questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds is something that not only children, but also adults should strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home is a constant communication with the child in a playful way. Having interested the child, you can engage with him by playing games for the development of speech, such as

• finger games (games for the development of fine motor skills)
• articulation gymnastics
• games for the development of hearing, games for onomatopoeia and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and vocabulary replenishment

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious problem. After all, seating a little fidget is not so simple. But in general, it is not necessary to sit down, you can work with a child when he plays in his hut or jumps on the sofa. Classes should be held in the form of a game. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without tantrums and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting classes with children at home:

• classes should be initially short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• activities should be fun for the child. Do not force or insist, so you can completely discourage the child from hunting for anything.
• It is better to practice more often, but little by little. Often performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during class. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why he has such a naughty tongue and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. A close relationship has been established between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using "finger" gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, brings up the speed of reaction and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to do every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the organs of speech. The tongue needs to be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulatory gymnastics, you need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works, where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automatism, you need to constantly exercise. It is important to perform the exercises correctly, carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Onomatopoeia games, hearing development and logorhythmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to hear, recognize and distinguish sounds correctly.

Hearing development games

1. "Ears - rumors"

Target: to consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden, metal spoons, crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. "Who said "Meow?""

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of pets by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of the voices of pets.

3. "Who is standing at the traffic light?"

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name modes of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noises.

The speech therapist turns on an audio recording with the sounds of the street. Children listen to the sounds and name the transport that has stopped at the traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. "Where does it ring?"

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point with their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game "Thunderstorm"

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

dripped drops (tap on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tap loudly with four fingers).
The hail has gone (knocking with the bones of their fingers, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder (drumming fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw a lightning bolt in the air with your fingers, make a sh sound).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap hands, hands are hidden behind the back).
The sun shines bright in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction after the speaker of the sounds, words, phrases uttered by him.

To play, use figurines or pictures of animals. Moms and their babies. After all, the mother frog shouts KVA, and the frog screams KVA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, the father bear growls loudly, the mother bear is quieter, and the bear cub squeaks.

Games to imitate everyday noises:

• The clock is ticking - tic-tac
• Water drips - CAP-CAP
• The kid stomps - TOP-TOP
• Hammer knocks knock-knock
• Scissors cut CHIC-CHIC
• We swing on the swing
• We eat carrot Khrum-khrum
• The car is driving bb

Logopedic rhythm or logorhythm- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children are fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary rhymes in advance and learn the movements to them. Also, you need to choose the musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to practice in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along the narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By pebbles, by pebbles (shifting from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... boom! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercises for practicing clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase the child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently, to be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child says)

Initially, the child's active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive vocabulary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

For classes with my child, I use various manuals, one of the last successful acquisitions is the “Big Album for the Development of Speech” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for the development of speech.

«»

This book consists of 3 sections, each section contains detailed instructions on how to do it.

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Hand exercises (page 8-29)
  • 2 group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pp. 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic Finger Exercises (page 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented with the help of fairy tales with verses, there are additional cards plus there are images of the correct result of the exercise. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing, auditory attention.
• Tongue Twisters. Grouped according to "difficult" sounds to help your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing the speech of the baby (page 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulation gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• We develop the speech of a younger preschooler (pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• We develop the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, developing logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book Ozone appeared), but there is a separate books for toddlers children from 3 to 6 years old And older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I didn’t worry, my daughter is growing up, and we will study with her in the first block.

Work with your child only in a good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and dearer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you deal with a child? What do you use for this? Does the child like to play? Please share in the comments your methods of developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

How to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.

Children with defects in sound pronunciation have increased significantly in recent years. A decade ago, the picture was different. The most common problems are burriness, distortion of sounds, replacement or omission of those that are difficult to pronounce. These types of defects are considered mild and are referred to as dislocation. They are relatively easy to correct in the classroom with a speech therapist.

But there are more complex variants of them that lie in the defeat of the central nervous system, in which there are problems with the normal functioning of the tongue or the entire lower jaw. Such defects are corrected very, very hard. At the same time, uttering hissing and whistling sounds, the child sticks out his tongue between his teeth, which is why instead of a whistling sound he gets the sound "f" ("mafyna" - instead of "machine"). The incorrect pronunciation of the sound "r" (laryngeal or its complete absence) is also very common. As a rule, start speech therapy 3-4 years, sometimes earlier.

The nature of speech therapy disorders

Complex defects arise for a number of reasons - such as infectious diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy, birth injuries or fetal hypoxia. If the child who was born subsequently underwent a serious illness, the result may be a circulatory disorder with damage to the nerve endings and, as a result, speech defects.

Among the reasons is an incorrect bite, and the source of certain disorders (for example, the throat "r") can even be the imitation of a baby by one of the adults who also distorts speech. In addition, a child can also copy the heroes of modern cartoons, which are very harmful for development.

Illiteracy is directly related to incorrect pronunciation. That is why the parents of each preschooler must make sure that the baby is corrected in time. The problem may lie in the inability of parents to detect a speech defect in children. It is believed that any baby burrs, and this will pass by itself.

When to start worrying

But most often, regular sessions with a speech therapist are indispensable. If a one-and-a-half-year-old baby does not know how to make phrases from individual words, or if a two-year-old child has practically no speech, an appeal to a speech therapist will most likely be required. The planning of speech therapy classes by prudent parents is carried out ahead of time, taking into account the dynamics of child development.

The speech therapist works with each child individually. The production of one individual sound, as a rule, takes place over several sessions. If there are serious developmental deviations, it will take much longer to attend speech therapy sessions.

It happens that the cause of the violation is too tight frenulum of the tongue, while there are no organic lesions. Then at home you should do stretching exercises with your baby. A speech pathologist will help you with this.

The parent family is the basis of everything

Often in the family it is not customary to talk a lot with the baby. They can communicate with him in a lisp "childish" language. Or he becomes a witness to family scandals. In all these cases, as a rule, the development of speech is inhibited.

For the normal development of language skills, a favorable home environment is extremely important. You should always talk with your baby - during a game or a walk, at meals and at bedtime. Be sure to memorize poems and read books aloud to your baby.

If you have recorded even a slight violation of sound pronunciation in a son or daughter, do not fence yourself off from the problem. It is quite possible to organize speech therapy classes at home, since specialized literature is now a dime a dozen. For example, you can arrange a game with singing special songs. And only when homework does not give the desired effect, you should think about visiting a specialist.

Do you need a speech therapy kindergarten?

Often parents tend to send their baby not to an ordinary kindergarten, but to a speech therapy one. There is an opinion that the conditions there are preferable for solving the problems that have arisen. Is it really that important to get there? If yes, at what age? Will speech therapy classes in kindergarten bring real benefits to your child?

As a rule, giving a child younger than 3-4 years old into the hands of specialists is not very effective. Parents can successfully deal with the smallest, after consulting with a speech therapist. He will tell you a set of measures and the necessary activities with a child of 3-4 years old are already able to give a lasting effect.

The arsenal of parental communication with children is huge. This is constant correct and active verbal communication with the baby, finger gymnastics, a lot of speech games, hand massage, special exercises designed to develop fine motor skills, drawing, modeling, and so on.

When to go there

Most often, speech defects in a baby under 3-4 years of age are classified as physiological. If by four years of self-correction of speech has not occurred, you can turn to specialists. By this time, the child's initial speech skills should already be formed. And it is then that it makes sense to send the baby to a speech therapy kindergarten.

The advantage of the latter is saving parental time and money in private lessons with a specialist. There are free speech therapy classes in public kindergartens. If the benefits of visiting the group are not found for a long time, most likely, you will need the services of a speech pathologist-defectologist for the purpose of general speech development.

When communicating with the baby, try to forever abandon the funny children's language, which mothers and, especially, grandmothers often suffer from. As mentioned above, communication in such a "corrupted" manner inhibits the development of normal children's speech.

What should a child be able to do by 4 years old?

But even if everyone in the family speaks correctly, but there are still problems, do not rush to get upset. It is not so difficult to organize speech therapy classes with a child of 3-4 years old at home. And the main thing here is a sensitive attitude to the baby's speech and careful monitoring of any changes.

As a rule, the vocabulary of a two-three-year-old child is about a thousand words. A four-year-old kid should normally be able to tell or describe something using prepositions and various parts of speech, build a simple dialogue. But his speech apparatus may still not be sufficiently trained, which is why a clear pronunciation of complex phonemic structures does not work.

Well, if speech disorders occur at the age of 5-6, this is a serious reason to think about it. The following simple exercises related to will help parents at home to get results.

Activities with a child at home

To stretch the short frenulum of the tongue for 5 or 10 minutes daily, follow these steps. You need to ask the child to lick his upper lip with his tongue, invite him to knock on their teeth like a horse with hooves, open his mouth wider and try to reach his upper teeth with his tongue.

Everyone knows that the areas of the brain responsible for fine motor skills and speech development are interconnected. That is, the more deftly the baby wields his hands and fingers, the less problems he has with speech.

There are simple exercises for speech therapy classes that teach the pronunciation of whistling sounds ("s", "z"), as well as hissing ("zh", "sh", "h" and "u"). In addition, there are often problems with the sounds "r" and "l", but this can be corrected independently at home. Being engaged, the child needs to be planted, putting a mirror in front of him for self-control. Home speech therapy classes "r" will not always be able to "put" this sound is considered one of the most difficult and usually requires the intervention of a specialist.

Exercise examples

• Exercise "Pipe". Ask the baby to close his teeth, stretch his lips with a pipe as far as he can. Make sure that when lifting the tongue, the lower lip remains motionless. The exercise should be repeated 3 to 5 times.
• Exercise "Cup". Open your mouth wider, stick out your tongue and try to give it the shape of a cup, lifting the tip and edges. While you are counting up to a certain number, let the child try to hold the tongue in this position. The exercise is also repeated 3 to 5 times.
• Exercise "painter". Smile, then open your mouth. After that, with the tip of the tongue, like a brush, "paint" the sky from the inside.
• "Drummer". Quickly strike with the tip of the tongue behind the upper row of teeth, keeping the mouth open. Another thing is to remove the tip of the tongue alternately behind the upper and lower teeth. The exercise is done counting.
• "We eat jam." Smile with your mouth open. Widely lick the upper lip, watching the immobility of the lower jaw.

After completing the exercises, proceed to the repetition of words containing problematic sounds. You can prepare cards with them in advance. The sound that is being worked on should be repeated first separately several times (from 7 to 10), then in words. It is very useful to choose tongue twisters with the right words, their pronunciation greatly speeds up the correction of shortcomings.

Where do speech disorders come from?

Speech defects can also appear in an adult - due to a major operation, trauma, or a serious emotional experience. This can be the loss or death of a loved one, divorce, serious financial troubles. Speech deficiencies also occur when the main organs associated with sound pronunciation are injured - the tongue, teeth, lips, ligaments and muscles of the larynx, as well as the palate.

This happens when there is damage to the center located in the cerebral cortex and responsible for our speech. Even chronic emotional stress can cause speech problems.

Normal speech means the pronunciation of all the letters of the language, without exception, distinctly and clearly. Such speech must be rhythmic and smooth. If the words of the speaker are difficult to make out, it is undoubtedly a violation. Adults and children with speech disorders have the same types of speech defects. These include dumbness, stuttering, lisping, lack of correct pronunciation of individual sounds, and much more.

Types of speech pathologies

The most widespread of these are:

• Aphonia. This term refers to disturbed phonation (that is, incorrect sound pronunciation). Aphonia (or dysphonia) develops as a result of changes in the speech apparatus that are pathological in nature.
• Dyslalia call the phonetic speech defects of an adult or a child with impaired hearing and grammatically correct speech.
• Stuttering- a type of disorder that occurs in the case of convulsive reduction of the muscles related to the vocal apparatus. It is found as a violation of the tempo of speech, its rhythm and regularity.
• Another disorder that manifests itself in an abnormally slow speech rate is called bradilalia.
• The opposite of it (when a person speaks too fast) - tachilalia.

• Rhinolalia- a type of speech pathology associated with a violation of the anatomical nature of the organs that form the speech apparatus. Manifested in a distorted sound pronunciation and voice timbre.
• dysarthria- a type of disorder when the nerve endings that provide communication between the cerebral cortex and the speech apparatus do not function enough.
• aphasia call the complete or partial loss of speech that occurs as a result of damage to the central nervous system.
• If the speech of a child or an adult is underdeveloped, which often occurs with lesions of the cerebral cortex, we are talking about alalia.

Experts will help you

These anomalies can be caused by various factors. These are birth defects such as cleft palate or upper lip, abnormal bite, malformed jaws, defects in the lips, tongue or teeth. Acquired disorders are found in cases of diseases of the ENT organs or the central nervous system. Violations can be either permanent or temporary.

The peculiarity of young children is that each of them strictly individually proceeds such a phenomenon as the development of speech. Speech therapy classes are held in every kindergarten - not only in a specialized one.

If your child was sent to speech therapy classes, you should not refuse - they will not bring any harm to the child, and the benefits will be undeniable.

For children 3-4 years old, speech therapy classes exist in two forms - individual or group. One-on-one sessions with a specialist (individual) are most effective. In turn, being engaged in a group, the baby feels more comfortable and relaxed.

Individual speech therapy session

What are these speech development classes? They usually take the form of simple games and activities. Toddlers most often do not understand that some kind of purposeful work is being done with them. With a speech therapist they play, have fun and have fun.

A child is usually sent to an individual speech therapy lesson when the violation consists in the incorrect pronunciation of any individual sounds. With the help of specially selected games and exercises, the speech therapist corrects the defect. If the baby stutters, the already mentioned exercises for the tongue (as well as others) are combined with learning the skill to properly distribute the breath.

Singing songs, the child trains to breathe correctly, and stuttering spontaneously disappears. Gradually, children learn to control their own breathing, and the better this skill is mastered, the more likely it will be possible to get rid of stuttering once and for all.

Front lessons

Group speech therapy classes (otherwise they are called frontal) are conducted among children with various deviations in the development of speech. These include not only impaired sound pronunciation and hearing problems. For example, a baby may not distinguish between paired sounds. Other problems of the same series are a violation of speech grammar, a lack of communication between spoken words.

Groups for classes are selected in the amount of 6-8 people of the same age with similar speech problems. Speech therapy lesson plans contain a common goal - to expand and improve vocabulary. Children purposefully learn oral speech, are engaged in practical development of the skills learned in individual lessons. Most often, most children are engaged both in a group and individually.

Speech therapy lesson on the theme "Autumn"

Consider how you can build a remedial lesson with children using a specific topic, for example, the seasons. Let us have an "autumn" lesson. It is good to spend it in September or October, decorating the room with yellow leaves.

At the lesson, a speech therapist, using the theme of autumn and natural phenomena, expands and activates the vocabulary on the topic, teaches children from pictures to first make separate sentences, and then from them - a coherent story. Along the way, children reinforce the skills of answering with a full sentence and coordinating speech and movements.

A speech therapy lesson on the theme "Autumn" solves the problem of a correctional and developmental plan - improving fine motor skills with the help of finger gymnastics, developing memory, thinking through exercises and games. Children learn the poems of Russian poets about autumn, listen to the music “Sounds of the Autumn Forest”, list the signs of autumn weather, guess riddles on the “autumn” theme.

Kids collect bouquets of leaves, squeezing their fingers into fists blow on the leaves, depicting the autumn wind (breathing exercises).

We continue at home

Those skills that speech therapist lessons give must be worked out and consolidated in the family, at home. To do this, experts conduct explanatory work with parents, give the most detailed recommendations on building homework.

A lot here depends on the responsible approach of parents to solving the problem. If mom or dad is not too lazy to regularly set aside a few minutes a day for the development of the child's speech, then success will not be long in coming. The most important task of parents at the same time is to help the child gain a sense of confidence in the fight against the fear of communication and speaking in public.

Future mothers and fathers should encourage the child. Even the smallest success should be appreciated. As a result, the self-esteem of the baby grows, there is an incentive for further achievements.

Be tactful

At the same time, one should not be too zealous and fundamentally force the child to constantly use only correctly constructed words and phrases. This will lead to unnecessary stress, it can discourage the baby from exercising. Let him be a child. We remind you once again - speech therapy classes with a child of 3-4 years old should be built exclusively in the form of a game!

With a baby, exercises should be performed unobtrusively, without focusing on existing problems. If, as a result, the baby is upset or depressed, such training will not bring success. You will achieve nothing but isolation and an aggressive reaction.

Between sessions, let him continue to speak with errors that may disappear spontaneously. At one point, parents will discover with surprise and joy that the baby himself is trying to control the correctness of speech.

For the development of fine motor skills, it is useful to massage each finger for the child, bend and unbend them, and play board games. More often let the baby sort out the grits or mess around in the sand. At home, any bulk material is suitable instead. Do not forget about articulation gymnastics. Pay as much attention as possible to reading, learn simple songs and rhymes with your baby.

Exciting for many parents and far from being the simplest topic in itself, the topic of staging sounds in children of five years of age requires careful consideration. Speech therapy classes in children are often given very little attention, and completely in vain. Adults dismiss it, they say, it will go away on its own with age, but it may not go away. Often the "clumsy" speech of an adult takes its origins precisely from these children's "half-educated".

Incorrect impure speech creates first a child, and then an adult, a lot of complexes. He becomes withdrawn and uncommunicative. Hurry up to correct the shortcomings now to help the baby avoid similar problems in the future. This can be done at home too. The home environment liberates the child, and it is easier for him to study freely. We bring to your attention a number of useful and interesting games that you can organize yourself.

The study of speech in a child should begin from preschool age.

Types of defects

Let us first consider the main types of speech disorders. There are a huge number of them, but each eventually becomes unique, as it belongs to a particular child:

• Stuttering (we recommend reading:). This phenomenon occurs most often. You can notice it already closer to three years, when the child begins to build his first big sentences. To correct the defect, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. It is also important to monitor progress and not give up playing exercises, because there are times when the “disease” returned again.
• Dyslalia (we recommend reading:). This tricky word means nothing more than a confusion in the pronunciation of individual consonant sounds. Most often, this phenomenon covers the sounds "r", "l" and "sh".
• Nasal. This phenomenon also occurs among defects, but most likely the problem lies precisely in the incorrect structure of the speech apparatus, then mom and dad have a direct road to the ENT, who will try to solve it and correct it as much as possible.
• General underdevelopment of speech or. Often this phenomenon is deeply connected with the wrong approach in communicating with the child. In a family with a baby, they often lisped, distorted words and endings. All this created a huge confusion in the child's head, and now he himself constantly confuses prepositions, endings, etc. Hurry up to fix it, because the school is just around the corner!
• Congenital diseases on a neurological basis. In this case, consultation and treatment with a neurologist is strictly necessary.
• Delayed speech development or SRR. This disease can manifest itself closer to the age of three. The average child usually speaks at this age a lot and incessantly, but if there is a clear paucity of speech, it is worth visiting a specialist for advice.

Always be on the lookout. No flaws should escape your close attention. Noticing something was wrong, do not delay treatment, but contact experienced doctors as soon as possible.

If the paucity of speech of a preschooler is striking, you need to consult with an experienced speech therapist - it is possible that certain deviations will be identified

Help speech therapist: when is it time?

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We must sadly admit that modern means of communication, such as TV, computer, have sharply and thoroughly ousted communication from life. Reading books has been reduced to a minimum, but watching TV shows and cartoons takes almost half a day. Children communicate too little with both parents and with each other. TV offers a wide range of everything interesting and exciting, which means there is no point in looking for other ways to get information.

Hence there are problems with sound pronunciation. They occur more and more often, and the aggravation of the problem sometimes becomes fast. Behind the TV and monitor, the parent may not notice that the child needs help, and it should be provided the sooner the better. Any problem, in particular speech therapy, is urgent, then the opportunity to correct the wrong and deliver the correct speech increases significantly.

Home lessons in speech therapy

Most often, parents with children after the age of four visit doctors-specialists in speech therapy. This is the age when children can already master the pronunciation of complex consonants, and also know how to build logically complete sentences. At the age of six, a child can easily build a story - for example, from a picture. Such a task is not up to your child? This is a reason to worry and ask for help from a specialist.

Diagnosis by a speech therapist or other specialist will involve attending classes - usually several times a week. It is imperative to follow the schedule, otherwise it will be quite difficult to achieve a sustainable result.

Perseverance and perseverance will certainly give their worthy and pleasant fruits in the form of pure speech. It is advisable to play games at home in a good mood and not force the crumbs to engage in against his will. We will bring to your attention interesting and useful exercises that can be done at home, starting from the existing problem.

Parents can also work with the child at home, using didactic materials for this.

For the pronunciation of sounds

Most often, the sounds L, R and Sh fall into the field of activity of a speech therapist. They are the most insidious. The baby may at first simply skip them in words and not pronounce them. This is a variant of the norm, over time the baby will master these sounds, but the situation becomes more complicated when the child chooses lighter sounds to replace them and replaces them with difficult pronunciation.

R sound

It is important to stretch the entire articulatory apparatus before the games. Everything should work for children - the tongue, the lips, and the palate. Let's start with the sound R. The following exercises will be good helpers:

• The mouth should be wide open and smile in this position. The lower jaw remains motionless. The tongue with its tip makes stroking movements back and forth along the upper sky. Practice yourself in order to be able to explain this to the child later in a more visual and accessible way.
• The tip of the tongue makes cleaning movements of the teeth from their inside. The mouth is open wide. The correct explanation will help any 5-year-old to cope with this exercise.
• A good exercise would be such a developmental option. A small ball with a hole should be put on a stick. We ask the little one to open his mouth and say: “DDRRR”. At this point, you need to hold the ball under the tongue. Movements must be fast.
• The kid is given the task to say the word "yes". The tip of the tongue rests on the upper teeth. Then the sound of "Dy", now the tongue rests against the upper palate.

Correctly put the articulation for pronouncing the sound "r" will help you with the training video, which you will see below. Let's move on to the next difficult sound.

Sound L

We pronounce the sound "L":

• The mouth is wide open, and the tongue rests on the lower lip. Helping yourself with your hand, supporting your chin, say the syllables "la", "lo", "li", "lu".
• Make coloring movements with a tongue across the surface of the sky.
• Invite the baby to reach the tip of the nose with his tongue.
• We lick the lips, as if there was jam left.

Sound Sh

Let's move on to the complex sound "Sh":

• Place the very tip of the tongue under the upper lip. Now a sharp jerk down, you should get a resounding click.
• Pull the lips forward with a tube and freeze in this position for about 7 seconds.
• Put a small piece of cotton on your baby's nose and offer to blow it off. The task of the crumbs is to lift the fleece up. This exercise is very fun and your baby will surely like it.

These were exercises on articulation and the correct setting of sounds. Below we will consider interesting options for exercises for daily developmental activities.

Activities for clear speech

Five-year-old children are already very smart and perfectly able to repeat after adults, to reproduce even very complex actions. Indeed, tasks for articulation can sometimes be very difficult. We have eliminated all the most difficult and left only those exercises that are easy to perform and at the same time very effective. They will be an excellent workout for children with ONR.

Articulation gymnastics

• Smile widely, showing everyone your teeth. Then pull the lips forward with a tube.
• Tighten the muscles of the lips as much as possible, then make a smooth relaxation.
• Lightly bite the lower and upper lips alternately.
• We depict the clatter of hooves with the tongue. All kids love to do this.

The warm-up time will take no more than 15 minutes. All exercises will be useful not only for children, but also for adults who have some disorders in diction.

We will also offer fun and effective speech games for children 5-6 years old for the correct setting of sound pronunciation:

• Play baby cry: "Wah-wah!"
• We feed like mice: “Pee-pee-pee.”
• We shout as if we are lost in the forest: “Ay! Ay!
• We buzz like the wind in the mountains: “Uuuuu!”
• We combine vowels and consonants. We scream like animals: “Meow”, “Woof”, “Kwa-kva”, “Ga-ha-ha”.
• We growl like bears: “Rrrrr!”
• We sing a song: "La-la-la, la-la-la."

By the way, singing is very useful for learning correct speech. Any favorite song will come in handy. Many children are very fond of songs like “There was a birch in the field” or “Two cheerful geese lived with a grandmother.” They will be great helpers, because there is a smooth stretching of sounds, and for correcting pronunciation, this is a great thing. It is not for nothing that in kindergartens, music classes are necessarily included in the educational program, although they do not exclude the activities of a speech therapist, who is also present there.

Singing, even amateur, helps the child to develop correct speech skills faster.

Classes in kindergarten

In kindergartens, as a rule, speech therapy games are held, which are divided into 2 main types:

• Individual. When a certain child has a problem that needs to be solved.
• Group. Classes are held simultaneously with several children who have similar speech defects.

Such classes are necessary in every preschool institution, but the truth is not everywhere. Closer to school age, speech therapy classes become mandatory, because preparation for school is underway. Chanting will be a great workout. It seems to be songs, but not simple ones. Sound pronunciation occurs along with the performance of certain actions.

Good game "Flying Plane". The kids in chorus imitate the sound of a flying plane: “Uuuuuu!”. At the same time, for persuasiveness, you should spread your arms-wings. We command:

• The plane flies closer (the buzz becomes louder), the plane flies away (the sound becomes quieter).
• Breaking! Simultaneously with the buzz, the babies hit themselves on the chest with their palms.
• Let's land! Keep humming, "Whoo!" airplanes land and sit on their chairs.

Practice with the microphone. Try to show the children how the volume of the sound changes when we move the microphone closer and further away.

Remember that most problems are solvable. The main thing is not to start and not to dump everything to chance, but to engage and develop, then even diagnoses like ZPR or ZPRR will not seem so scary.

Working with a microphone allows you to develop the artistry of the child, and he himself gives the opportunity to hear his speech from the side.

When the doctor put "ZPR"

In addition to parents who are ready to independently find a lot of shortcomings in their blood, there are those who, on the contrary, do not notice the obvious. At the age of five, a child should be able to freely and coherently express his thoughts. It is unacceptable to confuse syllables in words at this age.

Here are a number of diagnoses, the formulation of which often scares parents very much:

• ZRR. Only the pronunciation side lags behind in its development with this diagnosis. Mental functions are not violated. Early diagnosis will allow not to develop ZRR into ZPRR.
• ZPRR - delayed psychoverbal development (we recommend reading:). In this case, not only speech suffers, but also the psyche, and with it the mental abilities.
• ZPR - mental retardation. An extensive diagnosis that, among other areas, also affects the pronunciation skills of the child.

When making one of the diagnoses, you should seek help from specialists as soon as possible, because the sooner the treatment process is started, the faster and more efficiently rehabilitation will occur. Neglect can occur in any kind of disease, so do not delay starting therapy.

Loving parents should first of all create a positive and calm external environment for the child, as well as look for smart doctors. Here, most likely, you will need a speech therapist and a neurologist. Below we provide a small list of didactic literature that can be very useful in corrective exercises with a child.

Literature

When someone in the family has speech defects, didactic thematic books must be at hand and on the shelves. Competent authors offer sets of lessons for speech therapy games that will be very useful.

• “Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with ONR”, author Teremkova N.E. This is the first of four albums. Each album is devoted to separate lexical topics.
• "Speech therapy group: game classes with children 5-7 years old", author Derbina A.I. The best way to teach a child something is through play. The game form of presenting the material will be appropriate for preschool children. This book is suitable for parents of children with complex speech defects.
• “Lessons of a speech therapist. Games for the development of speech”, author Kosinova E.M. This book also offers a playful form of presenting material, and another big plus is that it can be used with children of completely different ages: from 6 months to 6 years old! The book contains tasks for finger and articulation gymnastics (we recommend reading:).