Breastfeeding in a MTF child. Is the baby getting enough milk? Breastfeeding without prying eyes

• GW Basics
• Doctor Komarovsky
• Rules and postures
• Nutrition
• Composition of breast milk
• Pumping
• Storage

Breastfeeding is recognized as the safest and most beneficial way to feed a baby in the first year of life. Despite the simplicity of breastfeeding, there are quite a few misconceptions and difficulties that can interfere with lactation. Let's look at such a natural process available to every woman who has given birth, like breastfeeding (HF), in more detail.

Benefit

Receiving breast milk, the baby will grow and develop harmoniously. The crumbs will feel good, the risk of developing anemia, allergies, rickets, gastrointestinal diseases and other pathologies will decrease. In addition, the emotional contact with the mother acquired during breastfeeding will contribute to the development of the personality of the little one in a positive way.

Why is breast milk necessary for babies?

More frequent breastfeeding, feeding the baby at night, changing the drinking regimen, good nutrition, showering and bathing for the breasts, and drinking special teas help to achieve an increase in milk production. It is very important that a woman be prepared for breastfeeding, know the correct feeding technique, contact counselors in a timely manner, and be provided with support from her family and other mothers with at least a year of breastfeeding experience.

Hyperlactation

Excess milk production in the breast causes great discomfort in a woman. She feels that the breast is bursting, the mammary glands become painful, the milk is leaking. In addition, during hyperlactation in the mother, the child receives too much liquid milk, which is called "forward", and, accordingly, receives less fat milk remaining in the rear sections of the glands. This leads to indigestion of the baby.

The most common cause of excessive milk production in women is intense and prolonged pumping after feedings. Also, hyperlactation can lead to an excess of fluid intake and products with a lactogenic effect. It happens that hyperlactation is an individual feature of the body of a nursing mother, and then it is not easy to cope with it. It is necessary to limit drinking and control the diet so that it does not contain products that provoke excess milk production.

When expressing, you need to take a responsible approach to the procedure, as it affects the health of the breast. Read about the types of pumping and the technique of pumping the chest with your hands in other articles.

In addition, we suggest watching a video on this topic.

Baby refuses to breastfeed

The reason for refusal may be a stuffy nose, ear inflammation, stomatitis, cutting teeth, colic and other health problems for the baby. Changing the mother's diet, such as eating spicy foods or spices, can affect the taste of milk, so the baby will refuse to suckle. The use of pacifiers and feeding the baby from a bottle quite often leads to refusal.

A fairly common situation is when a grown-up peanut at 3-6 months of age may refuse to feed, as its milk requirements decrease, and the pauses between feedings lengthen. During this period, the baby explores the world around with interest and is often distracted from sucking. Over the age of 8-9 months, breastfeeding can be triggered by a very active introduction of complementary foods.

Establishing contact between the baby and mother will help to solve the problem of refusal of the breast. The baby needs to be carried more often in her arms, hug, talk with the baby. It is necessary to give complementary foods, medicines or drinks only from a spoon or from a cup, it is advisable to refuse pacifiers, and the mother’s menu should not include foods that are unpleasant for the baby.

flooding

The baby may choke with too "greedy" sucking, but this situation may also indicate an excessively rapid flow of milk from the female breast. If the newborn began to choke during feeding, it is worth changing the position in which the child eats. It is best to sit up straight and support the baby's head up.

In the case when the cause of choking is an excess of milk, you can slightly strain the breast before offering the baby. If a change in posture and puffing did not help, consult a specialist, as the causes may be various pathologies of the oral cavity, larynx, or the functioning of the nervous system.

For the most common problems and how to solve them, see the video in which experienced obstetrician-gynecologists tell important nuances.

Do I need to wash my breasts before feeding?

Nursing mothers should not fanatically follow the rules of hygiene and wash the mammary glands before each feeding, especially using soap. It can destroy the natural protective film that covers the skin of the areola. As a result, frequent washing with soap causes cracks to appear, due to which it will be very painful to feed the baby.

In addition, detergents have the ability to interrupt the natural scent of the skin, even if the soap does not have a perfumed fragrance. It is very important for a newborn to catch the mother's smell during feeding, therefore, without feeling it, the baby will begin to worry and may even refuse to suck milk. To maintain cleanliness, it is enough to wash the female breast once or twice during the day, and only warm water should be used for washing.

Proper breast care for a nursing mother is an important point in avoiding many problems. See the video for more on this.

How to apply the baby to the breast?

When organizing breastfeeding, it is especially important that the capture of the crumbs of the breast is correct, since a violation of the capture of the breast threatens with excessive swallowing of air and insufficient weight gain. In the baby's mouth, there should be not only the nipple, but also a part of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe breast around the nipple, which is called the areola. In this case, the lips of the baby should be slightly turned out. In this case, the little one will be able to suck correctly.

Mom should not feel any pain during sucking, and feeding can continue for a long time. If the attachment of the baby is incorrect, the woman will experience pain during feeding, damage to the nipples is possible, the baby will not be able to suck out the amount of milk he needs and will not eat up.

Experiment and find the type of attachment to the breast that will be most comfortable for you and your baby. If the nipples are damaged, you can use an emollient cream such as Bepanthena.

How to understand that the child is full?

The duration of each feeding is individual and may differ both in different children and in one infant in different situations. Most babies take 15-20 minutes to empty their breasts and eat, but there are little ones who suck for at least 30 minutes. If you stop feeding such a child earlier, he will be malnourished. Mom will understand that the little one has eaten when the baby stops sucking and releases the breast. It is not worth picking up the breast until this moment.

The baby will release the breast on its own after feeding, when it is full

Debunking the Myths

Myth 1. Before childbirth, it is necessary to prepare the nipples

Women are advised to rub their nipples with a coarse cloth, but such actions are more dangerous than helpful. Stimulation of the nipples of a pregnant woman increases the risk of preterm labor, since there is a certain relationship between the breast and the uterus (if the nipple is stimulated, the uterus will contract).

Myth 2. A newborn needs to be fed with a mixture immediately, since milk does not come immediately

Mature milk, indeed, begins to stay from the 3-5th day after childbirth, however, until this moment, colostrum is released from the woman’s breast, which is quite enough for the baby.

Myth 3. For successful breastfeeding, you have to constantly pump after each feeding of the baby.

Pumping after feedings is recommended by close relatives and even sometimes by doctors ostensibly to prevent lactostasis, but in reality it is they who cause excess milk production and stagnation. It is worth decanting the breast only with pain and strong engorgement, when the crumbs fail to capture the nipple. In this case, you need to express a small amount of milk.

Myth 4. If a child cries a lot and often requires a breast, it means that he is hungry and does not eat enough.

Compared to formula feeding, the baby really asks for the breast more often, since women's milk is absorbed very quickly, and the mixture takes longer. In addition, sucking milk from a bottle is often easier for a baby than getting it from the breast. But this behavior does not at all indicate a lack of nutrition for the little one. You should focus only on weight gain per month and the number of times the baby urinates per day.

Myth 5. Different women have different milk fat content.

Some women are lucky and have fat milk, while others are not lucky because they have low-fat blue milk. This misconception is due to the color of the expressed milk, the front portion of which really has a bluish tint. This part of the milk is a drink for the crumbs, therefore, by its color it is impossible to judge what kind of milk a woman has as a whole. If mom could express milk from the back of the breast, then she would make sure of its fat content, but it is very difficult to manually achieve it.

Myth 6. The breast has stopped pouring, which means that the baby does not have enough milk.

This situation often occurs after a month or two of feeding, when it begins to seem to a woman that milk is no longer coming in the right amount. Experiences further worsen the situation and may lead to the completion of lactation. In fact, the absence of hot flashes has nothing to do with the amount of milk in the female breast, since 1-2 months after childbirth, milk begins to be produced exactly as much as is needed for the baby, and it often arrives in the gland in the process of sucking the baby's mother's breast.

Myth 7. Breastfeeding mothers need to eat more than usual.

Without a doubt, the nutrition of a mother who is breastfeeding a baby must be of high quality and balanced. However, this should not significantly increase portions. The baby will receive all the nutrients with breast milk, even if the mother eats very little, but the health of the woman herself will be undermined by a lack of vitamins. So close attention should be paid to nutrition, but not the volume of dishes, but their usefulness. It should also be remembered that until the age of 9 months of the baby, nursing mothers should not go on diets and train hard.

Myth 8. Formula is almost identical to breast milk, so it’s the same as feeding a baby

No matter how manufacturers praise their high-quality mixtures and no matter what valuable ingredients they add, no artificial nutrition can be compared with milk from the female breast. An important difference between these two options for food for the baby is that the composition of human milk changes in accordance with the growth of the baby and the needs of the baby. Let's not forget about the psychological connection between a nursing mother and a baby.

Myth 9. After 6 months, the baby does not need milk anymore.

Although the six-month-old toddler is already beginning to introduce complementary foods, women's milk still remains the main food of the baby. It does not lose its valuable properties even when the child is one or two years old.

Myth 10

If cracks appear from sucking, then it is better to switch to a mixture. The situation when the baby rubs the nipples to the blood in the first days of sucking is quite frequent. The reason for it is incorrect application. And having corrected it, it is quite possible to breastfeed the baby for a long time. Also, the use of special overlays contributes to the rapid healing of cracks.

When should you stop HB?

According to experts, the best time to stop breastfeeding is the period of involution. Most often, this stage of lactation occurs at the age of a child from 1.5 to 2.5 years. To complete breastfeeding, it is important to take into account the readiness of both the child and the mother. The gradual curtailment of lactation will not harm either the mental state of the baby or the mother's breast.

There are situations when it is necessary to stop breastfeeding abruptly, for example, in case of an acute illness of the mother. In this case, you should be guided by the advice of a doctor so that the process of parting with the baby from the breast, and the mammary glands from milk, is the least painful for everyone.

Read more about stopping lactation in another article.

1. To successfully establish lactation, it is important to take care of the early attachment of the crumbs to the mother's breast. Ideally, the baby should be placed on the woman's stomach and find the breast immediately after delivery. Such contact will launch the natural mechanisms of regulation of lactation.
2. While waiting for the arrival of mature milk, you should not supplement the baby with a mixture. Due to the small amount of colostrum, many women worry, believing that the baby is starving. However, there are substances valuable for the baby in colostrum, and supplementary feeding with a mixture can greatly harm the development of lactation.
3. You should not replace your mother's breast with a pacifier. Let the baby get the breast whenever he wants to suckle. Using a pacifier will help distract your little one, but can negatively impact lactation, especially if it hasn't been established yet. In addition, the breast for a newborn is not only a source of food. During suckling, a deep psychological contact is established between the baby and the mother.
4. If you breastfeed your baby on demand, you don't need to supplement your baby with water. The first part of the sucked milk is represented by a more liquid part, containing a lot of water, therefore it serves as a drink for the baby. If you give your baby extra water, this can reduce the amount of lactation.
5. It is not necessary to express after feeding until completely empty. Such advice was common at a time when all children were advised to feed by the hour. Babies rarely latched on, and because of the lack of stimulation, less milk was produced, so milk production had to be additionally provoked by complete pumping. Now the breast is offered to the baby on demand, and during sucking, the baby gives a request for the next feeding - how much milk the baby sucks out, so much milk will be produced. If you additionally express the breast when the baby has already eaten, the next time there will be more milk than the little one needs. And this increases the risk of lactostasis.
6. Do not give your baby a second breast until the baby has emptied the first breast. In the first months, it is recommended to alternate breasts no more than every 1-2 hours. If you give the baby a second breast, when he has not yet sucked the hind milk from the first, this threatens with digestion problems. It may be necessary to feed a baby over 5 months of age from both breasts.
7. There is no need to rush to start introducing complementary foods into the children's diet. Exclusively breastfed infants receive adequate nutrition until 6 months of age. And even after six months, milk remains the main food for the baby, and with the help of all new products, the baby first simply learns tastes and textures that differ from women's milk.
8. Find out what are the positions for feeding, since a change in posture during the day will help prevent milk stagnation, because in a different position the baby will suck more actively from a different part of the breast. The main positions that every breastfeeding mother should master are lying down and feeding in a sitting position from under the arm.
9. Doctors call the minimum period of breastfeeding 1 year, and experts consider 2-3 years to be the optimal duration of breastfeeding. Earlier weaning can be difficult for both the infant's psyche and the woman's breasts.
10. It is not at all necessary to refuse breastfeeding for any illness of the mother. For example, if a woman has ARVI, it is not worth interrupting feeding, as the baby will receive antibodies from mother's milk. Only those diseases that we indicated in contraindications can interfere with lactation.

For successful breastfeeding, the World Health Organization recommends:

• Attach the baby for the first time to the mother's breast in the first hour after birth.
Rules and postures
• Nutrition

With the advent of the child into the world, every mother is faced with the question of the proper feeding of her baby. Proper feeding implies providing the body of the newborn with all the necessary nutrients for normal physical and neuropsychic development. Therefore, every mother should think about what kind of food she chooses for her child.

Why should you breastfeed?

The most useful and ideal nutrition for a newborn is breast milk, which ensures the best development of the baby. Nature has provided for the composition of breast milk, which is ideal for newborns, it contains proteins, they include essential amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, trace elements, vitamins contained in the right amount and easily absorbed by the baby's body. It also includes immune proteins and leukocytes, with the help of which the body's resistance to diseases increases, since infants have underdeveloped immunity.

Breast milk has an optimal temperature, sterility and is ready for use at any time, anywhere. Breastfeeding provides emotional contact between mother and child, the development of maternal instinct. When sucking on the breast, which has elasticity and softness, the child's bite is correctly formed. With problems that develop during the eruption of milk teeth, breast milk helps to relieve symptoms. It is also known that children who were breastfed at an older age are less prone to various diseases, compared with children who were fed artificially (infant formulas). Therefore, in order to achieve the best result in the development of the child, the development of immunity, it is necessary to use breastfeeding and for as long as possible, at least one year.

How to prepare breasts and nipples for breastfeeding?

Even during pregnancy, you should pay attention to the shape of the nipples, it depends on them how the baby will take the breast. Nipples are pronounced, flat or inverted. Pronounced nipples are the most comfortable for the baby at the moment of capturing the breast with the mouth, and flat and inverted are less comfortable. Recall that the child sucks the breast, not the nipple, but still with a comfortable nipple shape, the child takes the breast easier and with pleasure. Women with flat or inverted nipples should not be discouraged as all that is needed is a little nipple preparation before delivery.

Applying special silicone caps to the area of ​​the areola (peripapillary circle), which have a hole, the nipple is pulled into it. It is recommended to wear such caps 3-4 weeks before childbirth, and half an hour before each feeding in the first weeks of breastfeeding. If you still didn’t have time to prepare the nipples, it’s okay, using a breast pump after childbirth will solve this problem for you in a couple of weeks. For all breastfeeding mothers, it is recommended to wear special bras, they do not squeeze or press the enlarged breasts filled with milk, and also prevent harmful substances from clothing or the environment from entering the skin of the breast and nipples. In such bras, you can put special pads that collect leaking milk, preventing clothes from getting dirty.

It is also recommended to wear clothes for nursing mothers, they provide easy access to the breast. Be sure to wash your hands with soap before each feeding. The breast should be washed once a day, frequent washing of the breast a day leads to a violation of the natural microflora of the peripapillary region, and possible inflammatory processes. The chest is washed with warm water, without using soapy products (if you take a shower, then rinse with clean water), they are harmful to the health of your child.

What is the mechanism of milk formation, the composition of breast milk?

Breast milk is produced by the mammary gland, under the influence of oxytocin (a hormone that causes labor pains) and prolactin (a hormone whose concentration increases when a woman who has given birth sucks). Both hormones are produced by the pituitary gland (a gland located on the underside of the brain), and they influence the process of milk production. With an increase in the concentration of prolactin, milk production is stimulated by the cells of the mammary gland. Oxytocin helps push it out by contracting the muscles that are around the milk-forming cells, further along the milky canals (ducts), the milk comes to the nipple, the woman feels this process as breast engorgement (milk rush). The rate of milk production depends on the degree of breast emptying. When the breast is filled with milk, its production decreases, and when it is empty, its production increases accordingly. Also, the increased formation of milk contributes to the frequent application of the child to the breast. Enhanced milk production is noted only in the first 3-4 months of breastfeeding, in subsequent months it decreases.

The composition of milk changes over time. At the birth of a child, “colostrum” is released for several days, it is thick and sticky, yellow in color, contains a large amount of immune proteins, they provide the development of immunity, for adaptation, the sterile body of a born baby, to the environment. Colostrum is secreted in drops, and compared to milk, it is fatty, so even a very small amount is enough to saturate the baby.
"Transitional milk" appears on the 4th day after childbirth, it becomes more liquid, but its value remains the same as that of colostrum.

Mature milk appears on the 3rd week after childbirth, when breastfeeding the baby, it is white, liquid in consistency, less fatty than colostrum, but fully meets the requirements of the baby's body. Almost 90% consists of water, so you should not give water to children, this only applies to children who are purely breastfed. The fat content of breast milk is approximately 3-4%, but this figure often changes.

At the beginning of feeding, the so-called foremilk (the first portion) is released, there are fewer of them in it, therefore it is less high-calorie. In hindmilk (subsequent portions), the amount of fat increases, such milk is more high-calorie, and the child is saturated faster. In the first months of breastfeeding, milk is richer in fats than in the following months (starting from 5-6 months). Protein in breast milk is approximately 1%. The composition of proteins includes essential amino acids, which are easily absorbed by the baby's body. Among the usual beks that are necessary for the development of the child, there are also immune proteins that contribute to the development of immunity. Carbohydrates contain approximately 7%, the main representative is lactose. Lactose regulates the intestinal microflora, the absorption of calcium by the body. Also in the composition of milk, leukocytes (white blood cells) are included, when they enter the intestines of a child with milk, they destroy harmful bacteria. Milk also contains vitamins, various microelements involved in the complete satisfaction of the child's body.

How can you tell if your baby is getting enough milk?

A breastfed baby should be breastfed at will during the day and at least 3 times at night, averaging 10-12 times a day. Feeding on demand - this means that at the first sign of restlessness of the baby, it must be applied to the breast. In order for the child to be satiated, it must be properly attached to the breast, it must be sucked rhythmically for about 5-20 minutes, swallowing movements should be heard during sucking (swallowing milk), a well-fed child may fall asleep under the breast, after feeding the breast should become soft. Signs of hunger an infant: opens its mouth wide, turns its head in different directions (looking for a nipple), whimpers, sucks a fist.

A child suckles at the breast not only to quench thirst or hunger, but also to calm down, comfort, it is easier to fall asleep, recover, and get gassies out. Newborns are not able to regulate their bowels, so in order to push out gassies, they need a new portion of milk. Therefore, the younger the children, the more often they need to be applied to the chest. If the child is not naughty, gains weight well, neuropsychic development corresponds to age, this indicates that the body develops normally, it has enough food and enough milk, but this only applies to children under 6 months old. A child who is breastfed (up to 6 months), gain weight, must be at least 500 g per month, the upper limit of the increase for each child is individual. But if the process of eruption of milk teeth began earlier, then weight gain is possible and less than 500 g.

How to stimulate milk production?

• As mentioned above, the formation of milk occurs under the influence of two hormones, prolactin and oxytocin, which are produced in response to the suckling of the breast of a woman who has given birth. Therefore, in order to stimulate the production of milk, frequent stimulation of these two hormones is necessary, this implies frequent attachment of the child to the breast (necessarily night attachments), proper breast latch.
• Elimination of stress, tension, increased mental and physical tension, fatigue, these factors contribute to a decrease in the production of oxytocin and prolactin, and if they are not enough, the muscle cells will not be able to form and secrete milk, as a result of which the child will not be able to get the amount of milk he needs. Thus, all nursing mothers need: calmness, rest, calm environment, they should try to sleep well (daytime sleep is required, next to the child).
• Constant contact with the child (affects the production of hormones).
• A warm shower promotes better milk flow.
• Special lactogenic (better milk excretion) teas (sold in pharmacies) for nursing mothers.
• Lactic preparations, for example: Apilak.
• Walnut with honey also has a lactogenic effect, use honey with caution for mothers with children suffering from allergies.
• A nursing mother should follow a diet: eat on time, high-calorie foods and rich in vitamins (it doesn’t matter if your weight changes or not), drink more fluids, forget about any diets.
• Under no circumstances should you smoke or drink alcohol.

If there is insufficient milk production, it is urgent to seek help from a breastfeeding consultant.

How to apply the baby to the breast?

Proper attachment to the breast contributes to the sufficient supply of milk to the child, gaining weight, preventing the appearance of pain in the nipples and their cracks.

You can breastfeed while sitting or lying down, whichever is more comfortable for you. The baby should be turned with the whole body, and pressed against the mother. The baby's face should be close to the mother's chest. The baby's nose should be at the level of the nipple, tilting his head back a little, for free breathing through the nose, for convenience, a woman can hold her breasts at the base. The chin of the baby should touch the chest. The contact of the nipple with his lips will cause a search reflex and an opening of the mouth. The mouth should be wide open in order to capture the mother's breast with a full mouth, the lower lip should be turned outward, so the baby should capture almost the entire areola with his mouth. During attachment to the breast, he makes rhythmic deep sucking movements, while swallowing milk is heard.

Expression of milk - indications and methods

Indications for expressing milk:

• feeding a premature or sick baby (in the case when the baby cannot suckle);
• leave milk if the mother needs to leave the baby;
• in case of lactostasis (stagnation of milk), to prevent mastitis (inflammation of the breast);
• increased milk production (when the child has already eaten, and the breast is still full of milk).
• With mother's inverted nipples (temporary pumping).

Breast milk can be expressed in 3 ways:
Expressed milk can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours or in the freezer for up to 3 days.

Cracked nipples, what to do?

Cracked nipples are formed as a result of improper attachment of the child to the breast, or improper expression of milk, frequent washing of the breast and the use of soap (when taking a shower, it is recommended to rinse the breast with clean water). If an infection penetrates through a damaged nipple, then mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) may develop, therefore, if there are cracks, their timely treatment is necessary.

With small cracks, breastfeeding is continued through special silicone pads; with pronounced and painful cracks, it is recommended to stop feeding with a diseased breast, and the breast must be carefully expressed. For treatment, use: washing with a solution of furacilin, Bepanten ointment, Panthenol spray, 5% Synthomycin ointment, washing with 2% Chlorphyllipt solution, celandine juice and others. After each feeding, it is necessary to dry the nipple, treat it with one of the above means, cover the nipple with a sterile gauze pad.

Diet and hygiene of a nursing mother

A nursing mother should observe body hygiene (take a shower every day, rinsing her breasts with clean water), wear clean underwear, wash hands with soap before each feeding. Before each feeding, it is necessary to express a few drops of milk, to remove germs that could get from clothes.

A woman who is breastfeeding should not smoke, drink alcohol, drugs, strong tea, coffee, and, if possible, medicines.

Nursing mothers are recommended to take frequent walks with the baby in the fresh air, frequent rest and daytime sleep.
Observe the diet, exclude all diets, drink plenty of water. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins (vegetables and fruits), iron (found in meat, it is better to eat veal), foods rich in calcium (dairy products), rich in phosphorus (fish). With caution, use red vegetables and fruits (tomatoes, strawberries and others), eggs, as they can cause allergies in a child. Exclude citrus fruits from the diet, they also cause allergies. Products containing vegetable fiber (peas, beans) should also be excluded, as they lead to bloating in the baby. Garlic, onions, spices can spoil the taste of milk.

A miracle happened in your life - the long-awaited baby was born. The newly-made mother glows with happiness, and now the solemn moment of discharge from the hospital has come, and she brings her treasure home. The little man so needs his mother's care, and, especially, her tasty and healthy milk. And here a serious question arises before a woman - how to feed a newborn with breast milk?

It's great to have a loved one nearby who can help breastfeed a newborn baby, but, unfortunately, this is not always the case. Let's talk about how to properly breastfeed a small child, and discuss the most exciting moments of this process.

Breastfeeding Rules

Often, upon returning home, mothers find it difficult to figure out the nuances of breastfeeding on their own, and sometimes there is simply no one to turn to for advice. Don't worry, you're not alone: ​​try talking to more experienced moms on specialized forums and communities, and if something bothers you a lot, call a lactation consultant at home. He will help to resolve problem situations and teach the basic rules of breastfeeding.
It is advisable that the expectant mother inquire in advance about the issue of nutrition of the baby, but it will also be useful for mothers who have already taken place to learn some rules for breastfeeding:

• feed in a comfortable position - sitting, lying on your side, reclining, standing, while the baby's head should not be turned to the side, down or sideways (this interferes with swallowing);
• feed on demand and do not limit the duration of suckling;
• put aside all your affairs - ask your relatives to help with the housework, while you yourself relax with the crumbs and feed him along the way;
• keep a positive attitude and enjoy the moment of intimacy with the baby;
• try not to be nervous;
• eat tasty and varied;
• drink clean water, compotes, minimizing the consumption of drinks containing a lot of sugar and caffeine.

How to attach a baby to the breast?

In order for the baby to suck well and be able to get the volume of milk he needs, make sure that it is applied to the breast correctly:

• the spine of the crumbs should be straight;
• mother's hand goes under the child's neck, the back rests on the arm below the elbow;
• the baby is turned with his whole body to his mother;
• to attach the baby to the chest, take it with your hand at the base of the skull (not at the back of the head), neck and shoulder blades. Thus, the thumb and forefinger clasp the neck and skull, and the shoulder blades lie on the palm of your hand;
• The mother puts the thumb of the other hand on the breast with which she plans to feed the baby, namely, on the upper edge of the areola (dark circle around the nipple), and slightly pulls the nipple up with her finger. The remaining 4 fingers support the chest from below;
• lifting the chest, touch the baby's lower lip with it - he will open his mouth and be ready to suck;
• Place your breast on your baby's lower lip and insert the nipple into his mouth in a rolling motion.

• most of the areola is located above the upper lip of the child;
• the baby's mouth is wide open;
• the lower lip is turned outward;
• the chin of the crumbs is pressed to your chest;
• you see jaw movements and hear swallowing.

Feeding newborns in the first days

The first breastfeeding, or rather, the first application, if possible, should take place in the first hour after childbirth. Usually at this time the baby is already ready to suckle and is actively looking for the breast. Early attachment not only helps mom and her baby get closer, but also starts the hormonal process of milk production.

In the first 3-5 days, the mother feeds the baby with colostrum, which protects him from infections, allergies, promotes the maturation of the intestines and helps to get out the original feces - meconium. During this period, it is important not to give the child any other liquids, because his intestines are still very permeable, and extraneous food can harm his body.

Since the baby is still very small, he will be able to get enough of those valuable drops of colostrum that he will get from your breast.

How often should you breastfeed your newborn?

It is advisable not to limit the number and duration of breastfeeding, at least in the first few weeks. The more often the baby suckles, the more milk is produced. In the first weeks, lactation begins (the mother's body determines how much milk is required), so it is extremely important to give the child to breastfeed without restrictions. When asked how many times to feed a newborn with breast milk, you can answer the following: the minimum number of applications is 12 times a day.

In addition, in addition to the desire to get enough, in the first 2 months, babies experience an acute need for sucking, which, in turn, stimulates milk production. If for some reason you can't let your baby latch on as often and for as long as he wants, use a pacifier between feeds. However, remember: frequent sucking on a pacifier can lead to problems with breastfeeding (reduced milk supply, improper attachment).
Keep an eye on the uniform emptying of both breasts - this will save you from stagnation of milk and the inflammatory processes associated with this condition. If you feel uncomfortable heaviness and fullness between feedings, express some milk until relieved. The frequency of breast changes will depend on the intensity of the infant's suckling.

Problem situations while breastfeeding

While mother and baby are getting used to each other, the occurrence of exciting moments, such as falling asleep or choking while feeding, is not excluded. However, a dream at the breast testifies to the complete satisfaction of the baby - he is full, satisfied and decided to rest. Choking occurs during the so-called "tide" of milk, when it actively flows out or even spurts from the breast. It is difficult for a baby to calmly swallow such a stream of liquid, so he chokes. To help the baby, wean him from the breast at the time of the rush and wait out the strong flow of milk (you can attach a towel). When the situation becomes calmer, put the baby to the breast again.

Every mother wants to see her child healthy and from the first days of his life begins to give him everything he needs. This is breast milk, which has useful substances and trace elements necessary for the growth and strengthening of the child's body.

However, in addition to the feeding process itself, other factors are also important - proper breast care, comfort of position, pumping, the need for supplementary feeding, etc.

Find out all the nuances from our article: how to properly feed a newborn baby, the rules for feeding with breast milk and formula, nutritional features with mixed feeding, how often and after what period of time to feed the baby (schedule and rate of food intake for the baby).

natural feeding

In the first year, breast milk is a vital food for an infant. In order for this period to bring only joy to the baby and mother, you should know about the basic rules of feeding.

What determines the amount of milk a mother has

The amount of milk can be affected by:

• transferred stresses;
• insufficient sleep;
• mother's dietary habits;
• insufficient physical activity;
• fatigue
• hereditary predisposition;
• lack of rest.

Breast size does not affect the amount of milk. Neither the shape of the nipple nor the type of milk matters.

Read on our website! Let's talk about the manufacturer and the composition of the product, how it differs from other infant formulas.

Breastfeeding rules and breast care

When feeding, there is only one rule - feeding should be carried out in a separate room where there is no one but mother and baby.

It does not matter what position will be taken during feeding - sitting, lying, standing; the main thing is complete relaxation and comfort.

Separately, you need to talk about pumping and breast massage. These procedures should be carried out in the first 3-4 weeks after childbirth. Then the flow of milk is normalized.

Before expressing and massaging, hands and breasts should be washed with soap and water. Alcohol-based products should not be used.

Ordinary baby soap is an excellent antiseptic. It is also necessary to ensure that the detergent does not remain on the chest after washing procedures.

It is not recommended to use soap before each feeding.. The tool is able to remove the fatty film that protects the mammary glands from external influences.

That's why wash your breasts only once a day. If necessary, warm running water is sufficient.

The massage itself is not difficult.. However, make sure that the glands are of the same density. When seals are detected, massage is carried out in this area more intensively.

The chest is supported by one hand from below. The second, with the help of 4 fingers, you need to massage the mammary gland in a circular motion, starting from the ribs and moving towards the nipple. The hand that supports the chest from below should not be inactive - the technique is similar.

At the site of compaction, movements do not increase, only the duration of the massage increases.

Pumping is an important step for a nursing mother. If left unattended, an excess amount of milk will lead to the development of mastitis.

So, only two fingers should be involved in pumping - index and thumb. It is important to press not on the nipple, but on the tissue of the gland. The most effective pumping method is using a breast pump..

The many difficulties associated with breastfeeding consist in the appearance of cracks and abrasions on the nipples. These phenomena occur due to:

• child's activity;
• characteristics of the mother's skin;
• inadequate hygiene.

Preventive measures must be followed. This includes:

• the nipple after feeding should always be dry (for this, it is blotted with sterile gauze);
• cleanliness of the chest;
• a nursing mother should not wear underwear containing synthetics - only cotton;
• the child should capture the areola (halo), and not the nipple;
• if a crack is found, treatment is started immediately;
• mother's nails should be short (so as not to be scratched during pumping);
• do not keep the baby near the chest for more than 20 minutes;
• you can not bring the baby to such a degree of hunger that he pounces on the chest;
• perform massage and pumping;
• Keep your chest open as much as possible.

For the treatment of abrasions and cracks, vitamin A is used on an oily basis (sold in pharmacies), Bepanten, sea buckthorn oil, special aerosols (without antibiotics).

In case of suppuration, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Catering by the hour or on demand

After how many hours should a newborn baby be breastfed?

Two breastfeeding options are being considered– feeding by the hour and on demand. Both options are equally relevant and acceptable.

Feeding by the hour is carried out strictly at a certain time every 3 hours. At night there is a break - 6 hours.

This mode lasts up to 2 months. Then the interval between feedings increases to 3.5 hours, and at night - up to 7 hours.

The advantage of the method is teaching the child to discipline from early childhood. Otherwise, this method is a radical choice on the part of the mother, since not all children agree with the regimen.

Feeding on demand is the most popular choice among modern parents.

After birth, the child experiences severe stress, and the only effective way to get rid of it is physical contact with the mother. That's why it is so important to put the baby to the breast when he wants it. After all, sucking is not only the process of getting food, but also an effective method of calming the baby.

This method is a highly effective means of maintaining lactation.

However, frequent feeding will not allow mom to do household chores., therefore, the baby should not be applied to the chest at the first signs of anxiety, smacking lips, grunting, sniffing, but when the baby really needs food - 1 time in 2 hours with a 20-minute feeding duration.

A few words about the breastfeeding regimen and how to properly feed a newborn baby with breast milk, Dr. Komarovsky will tell:

Which option to choose

Basic rule - A healthy child knows when he needs food. You should not wake him up just because, according to his mother, it is time for him to eat. Exceptions are such cases:

• if the mother needs to leave urgently;
• children who are underweight.

The optimal interval between feedings in children under 1 month is 2-3 hours. Further, the baby himself will gradually increase it as he grows and develops.

An important condition is attachment to only one breast during one feeding. This rule is irrelevant if the baby has not eaten enough or the mother has cracks on the nipples.

Make sure that the baby performs swallowing movements during attachment, and not sucking. If you don’t stop his desire to “hang” on his mother’s chest in time, then in the future it will be hard enough to wean him from his favorite thing.

Bottle feeding baby

Bottle feeding a baby is different from breastfeeding. In the latter case, he himself determines the volume of milk and the duration of the meal. Due to this, milk production adapts to the needs of the baby. and changes as it grows.

Breastfeeding a baby if the mother is not around can be done in different ways. This situation is justified due to the inability of the mother to put the baby to the breast (severe pain, urgent departure, etc.).

Then it is allowed to feed from a bottle with a nipple. Today, this method is in demand for artificial and mixed feeding or in case the mother is not around.

Nipple advantage- the safest and most natural process of eating food.

However, there are significant differences between bottle sucking and breastfeeding. In the first case, the baby makes less effort. Therefore, after meeting with the bottle, many babies refuse their mother's breasts.

The alternative is the choice of a special nipple.

• When the bottle is tilted, no milk drops should come out of the nipple.
• When pressing on a wide area of ​​the nipple, a trickle should go.

Remember to take care of your bottle. It is necessary to regularly rinse and rinse children's containers with boiling water.

Expressed breast milk can be frozen. This will save all the vitamins and useful trace elements, and the newborn will not remain hungry if the mother has left on business. Mixing milk after several pumpings is not recommended. The frozen liquid is stored no more than 2 months.

What to do if there is no lactation

What to feed a newborn baby if there is no milk? Often in medical practice there are cases when the mother does not have enough milk to adequately feed the baby. Additional measures agreed with the doctor can correct the situation..

• Mom should drink at least 2 liters of water per day.
• Apply crumbs in the first days of his life should be as often as possible.
• Do not replace mother's milk with other fluids.
• Night application is the main condition for good lactation.
• Proper nutrition for the mother is also important.

10-15 minutes before feeding, the mother needs to drink a glass of warm sweet tea with milk or dried fruit compote.

No stress and worries: with emotional disorders in women, lactation worsens.

Why not grapes while breastfeeding? You will find answers to questions about the nutrition of nursing mothers.

Introduction of formula into the infant's diet

If, despite all the efforts of the mother, there is still enough milk, then, willy-nilly, you will have to use additional nutrition - switch to mixed feeding. In the case of a complete transfer to milk formulas, we can talk about artificial nutrition.

What to give

The baby should receive food that is as close as possible in composition to breast milk. These products are mixtures. All mixtures are divided into 3 groups:

• partially adapted (children after a year);
• less adapted (after 6 months);
• maximally adapted (up to 6 months).

The best will be the mixture, on the packaging of which it is indicated:"Designed to feed children from birth to 1 year."

You should not change baby food often, because the baby may develop unpleasant reactions in the form of diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, allergic rashes, etc.

It is necessary to switch to another mixture in case of:

• if the baby is not gaining weight;
• if he has frequent constipation.

It is unacceptable to give diluted cow's milk as a supplement (full feeding). This can lead to irreversible consequences.

The product does not contain those beneficial minerals and vitamins that are found in an adapted formula or mother's milk.

Mixed feeding rules

• Breastfeed first, then formula.
• Only one feeding can be replaced with a mixture.

You need to introduce the product gradually, starting with a small amount. The temperature of the mixture should not exceed the temperature of the child's body. It is necessary to dilute the product only with boiled water.

Here is another interesting video featuring Evgeny Komarovsky, from which you will learn about the feeding regimen of a newborn, whether it is necessary to feed him at night and how many times this can be done:

Feeding hours and dosage

How to properly feed a newborn baby with a mixture and do I need to do it on time?

With artificial feeding in the first months of life, 6-7 meals a day are recommended with an interval of 3-3.5 hours.

At night, a 6-hour interval should be done. It is important to take into account the required volume, which is calculated depending on age and weight.

So, for the first six months of life, an infant needs 115 kcal per 1 kg, after 6 months - 110 kcal.

The daily amount of food needed by a baby with normal weight indicators is:

• from 7 days to 2 months - 1/5 of body weight;
• from 2 to 4 - 1/6 of body weight;
• from 6 to 12 months - 1/8.

Introduce a new mixture according to the following schedule:

• 1 day - 10 ml 1 time per day;
• 2 day - 10 ml 3 times a day;
• Day 3 - 20 ml 3 times a day;
• Day 4 - 50 ml 5 times a day;
• Day 5 - 100 ml 4 times a day;
• Day 6 - 150 ml 4 times a day.

Start of complementary foods

Learn to distinguish between "complementary foods" and "supplementary foods". In the first situation, the baby receives additional food to prepare for adulthood and food. In the second, it is supplemented in case of a lack of milk with mixtures.

Complementary foods are introduced at 6 months of age- with breastfeeding and 5 - with artificial nutrition. Until this period, except for mother's milk, formula and water, nothing can be given.

Start slowly and with caution. The first time you need to give half a teaspoon of complementary foods, and then supplement with milk or formula. A "test" is possible before the second feeding, at 9-11 am.

Evaluate the child's reaction to a new product. If rash, irritation, anxiety, constipation (diarrhea) is not found, then the next day you can give 2 times more.

In no case should you introduce an unfamiliar product during illness or after vaccination. If any reaction occurs, the start of complementary foods is delayed for 1-2 weeks.

Don't force your child to eat. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready for a new stage in life.

Find out more on our website! We will tell you how the drug works, what are the indications for its use.

And how to give the baby the drug Espumizan Baby? you will find out how effective this remedy is for stomach discomfort in the little ones!

Collected reviews about the dry mix Malyutka and the composition of this product.

Where to start feeding

It's best to start with vegetables. These are zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli. Any vegetable is thoroughly washed and boiled (in a double boiler or in a regular saucepan). Then grind with a blender.

On the first day - half a teaspoon. Then the dose is increased by 2 times every day and brought to normal.

If there are no extraneous reactions to a new product, after 4 days you can try another vegetable, and then mash from the previously proposed products. After 10 days, one intake of dairy food should be completely replaced.

For 7 months you can offer porridge. This should be done at the very last reception - before a night's sleep. To begin with, the baby should be introduced to buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, then gradually expand the diet.

Use special baby cereals intended for 7 months of age. Giving semolina at this age is not recommended due to the presence of gluten in it.

At 8 months, two feedings are already being replaced. Now you can introduce your child to fermented milk products - kefir. On the 4th day, offer low-fat cottage cheese.

Fruits are introduced into complementary foods when the first tooth appears in the baby.. The first is an apple. It is not recommended to fully replace feeding with fruit. They are given in addition to the main food.

Meat is introduced at 9 months of age and fish at 10 months. You can add half the yolk and vegetable oil to the diet. From 10 months, soup is already being prepared on meat, fish broth, where bread crumb is added. The introduction of vegetable oil and cookies is allowed.

By one year of age, all 5 feedings should be completely replaced. Although some mothers still put the baby to the breast at night.

Water must be included in the diet. Its temperature should correspond to the body temperature of the baby.

The most important thing while breastfeeding is to eat well.. Prohibited during this period:

• consume alcoholic beverages;
• eat spicy, salty, spicy food.

Necessary:

• exclude cow's milk, peas, beans, white cabbage from the diet;
• limit the use of caffeine, chocolate;
• exclude fast food and convenience foods.

During the feeding period, stress should be avoided, sleep and rest should be adhered to.

From this video lesson, you will learn a lot of useful information about the positions for breastfeeding a newborn, how to properly feed a baby in a sitting position and lying on your side, in which position it will be best for you and your baby:

In contact with

If a harmonious series of numbers is eliminated from the union “and”, there will be no error. Because, you know, there can be not only 101 tips, but millions of times more. But only those 100 and 1 that we have prepared for you will be really useful.

1. In the 1-5th days after childbirth, when your milk has not yet come, the child has enough colostrum: his kidneys can only withstand these 2-5 ml. And the benefits to his health and your breasts are enormous!

2. From colostrum the child receives immunoglobulins that will protect it if insemination by pathogenic flora occurs during passage through the birth canal. Therefore, demand to attach the baby to your chest in the first minutes after birth.

3.Forbid putting the baby to the breast you can be on the delivery table only if: you had a caesarean section with general anesthesia; you lost a lot of blood in childbirth; you have HIV, syphilis or other viruses; the child's condition on the Apgar scale is below 7 points, he has asphyxia or intracranial birth trauma. 2-3 hours after birth, the effect will not be the same.

4. Attaching the crumbs to the chest on the birth table provokes uterine contractions - the placenta separates faster. It also starts the mechanism of normal lactation and helps to establish better psycho-emotional contact with the baby.

5.If you want to breastfeed your baby immediately, on the delivery table, but you are shown delivery only by caesarean section, choose not general anesthesia, but epidural.

6. Refusing to bring a baby on feeding doctors have the right if: the newborn is in serious condition and is in intensive care; you are undergoing antibiotic treatment or are also in intensive care. A cold, runny nose or bronchitis is not a reason to refuse you feeding. Enough for the time breastfeeding put on a gauze bandage on your face.

7.Breast size is not affected on the power of lactation. From the first minutes of a child's life, regularly apply it to the breast. The main thing is to be completely sure that you will feed the baby safely.

8.If in the first days after childbirth breastfeeding is not possible, be sure to pump with your hands or with a breast pump. If the fluid does not leave the chest, lactostasis will develop, followed by mastitis. Regular outflow of milk from the first days after childbirth is the key to a long, full-fledged lactation in the future.

9. In the first 6 weeks after childbirth put the baby to the breast at his first request. No need to set, mode feeding. Indeed, in these weeks, the baby develops all life attitudes and trust in the world into which he has come.

10. In the first 3 months of lactation, and also at the 7-8th month of feeding, so-called milk crises are observed. At this time, it may seem that the amount of milk decreases. In no case do not supplement the baby with a mixture, just breastfeed more often. After 3-6 days, lactation will be restored.

11. The less weight a child was born, the less milk he sucks in one feeding and the more often he will demand breast. But the stronger he becomes, the less often he needs feeding.

12. Don't Breastfeed Your Baby at the first sign of unease, if only he would shut up. Maybe he's just hot (or cold) or has his diaper dirty. Or maybe he wants to "talk"?

13. From the 3rd-4th day after birth the child may demand breast up to 12-20 times a day, intervals between feeding- from 15 minutes to 3-4 hours. A relatively regular regimen should be established by 2-2.5 months after birth.

14. Try to choose for breastfeeding pose, most convenient for you. If you are uncomfortable (pain in the neck, back, excessive tension in the lower back and arms), you may develop negative associations with feeding, and this will be the first step towards unjustified weaning of the crumbs from chest.

15. If you have cracked nipples, use a cream to heal cracks. Don't stop feeding your baby. Breastfeed through a special silicone pad that you can buy at a pharmacy or maternity supply store.

16. So that you do not have cracked nipples, make sure the child takes it correctly breast. When capturing the nipple with his lips, the baby must take into his mouth not only the nipple, but also the areola - a dark circle around it. If he didn't, pull back the skin around the nipple, take it out and offer again breast.

17. Feed your baby with expressed milk. from a bottle due to the appearance of cracked nipples in you is very dangerous for lactation. Already after 2-3 “bottle” feedings, the baby will learn that mother’s milk flows easier from the nipple (in order to eat, you don’t have to “work” and suck), and will soon refuse to eat from your breast. And this directly leads to an early cessation of lactation, since no breast pump can completely empty the breast like a child.

18. If the child has premature pick up the breast and offer the second one, he will not suck out the “rear” more nutritious and saturated with useful substances milk from the first one. It will also turn into a lazy sucker - it will not try to pull milk out of the breast and will get used to it, there is only fore milk, which literally pours from the breast. Poorly satiated, he will soon again demand food.

19. As a rule, the child has enough milk from one breast. Large children sometimes need to "finish" from the second gland. It is important to adjust lactation so that in one chest sufficient milk was produced for the next feeding. To do this, let the strong man "finish" from the second breast. At the next feeding, start feeding from that chest on which you ended the past feeding. Gradually the balance will be restored.

20. Do not force the child breastfeeding at the "supposed" time: this makes him nervous and does not contribute to the establishment of the "regime".

21. Most children are full in 10-20 minutes, but there are also “sloths” who need at least 40-60 minutes to feel full. During this time, they eat the same amount of milk as "agile" children. They just make sucking movements less intensively, they suck less. Accordingly, more time is spent on eating.

22. Learn to recognize a hungry cry baby and crying is a demand for your attention. When the baby wants to eat, he smacks his lips, turns his head in search of a nipple, tries to suck your finger. These reactions are observed long before crying. If you don't respond, the baby will soon begin to cry. Try not to bring it to this, otherwise the baby will learn the formula: attention and feeding can only be obtained by screaming.

23. If the milk before feeding flowing from chest, the newborn may "choke". To prevent this from happening, express some fore, watery milk.

24. How to properly breastfeed your baby

• Place the baby on the inside of your elbow. Lift him up so that his face is against the nipple.
• "Tickle" his cheek or lips with the nipple. Flatten the breast near the areola.
• Insert the nipple and part of the areola into the baby's mouth.
• During feeding hold on breast so that she does not close the baby's nostrils.

25. If you can't give up an addiction to cigarettes, try not to smoke immediately before breastfeeding, since nicotine provokes vasoconstriction - milk is produced and excreted worse.

26. With the start of breastfeeding get a special bra. It is more convenient to feed with it, as its design allows you to quickly and easily give the baby a nipple without unfastening or removing the entire accessory.

27. When choosing a bra, make sure so that the cups fit snugly against the chest (but do not squeeze it). Models without elastane are not able to support the glands well, and they can sag.

28. As a rule, milk from the breast it leaks a little. Therefore, at night and during the day, insert disposable cotton or fabric discs into the bra. They are sold in pharmacies or any baby supply store. Buy them already when you are packing a bag for a trip to the hospital.

29. Poses for breastfeeding

• The classic pose is the head of the child on the elbow bend. Most comfortable for small breasts.
• Pose "child at hand." Suitable for mothers with very large breasts (size 4-6) and low nipples.
• Feeding lying down: the position is comfortable if the breast does not slip out of your hands.

30.Women who are physiologically are not able to "give" the child enough milk, only 3-8%. To say that you have “little milk” after childbirth is possible only if you have hormonal pathologies, physiological infantilism, diseases of the internal secretion organs, or you are over 35 years old.

31. Weak milk production after childbirth it happens if the mother suffered severe toxicosis in late pregnancy, severe bleeding during or after childbirth, obstetric surgery, postpartum infection. But this is not a reason for refusing to stimulate the glands. Keep breastfeeding or pumping and lactation will return.

32. It happens that lactation is normal is set, but then decreases. The reasons for this are violations in the regime feeding baby, irregular attachment to chest, long breaks between feeding, sluggish sucking baby chest. So the glands are not stimulated enough and “produce” less and less milk.

33. Milk production process controlled by the brain, not by the chest. Therefore, in the first 3-4 months after childbirth, exclude any factors that can cause stress: work, family and friends that make you nervous, television news.

34. To support the skin of the chest in good shape, do contrasting douches on the chest daily, wipe the mammary glands with a coarse washcloth and a terry towel.

35. For feeding, choose in the apartment a quiet gloomy place where there is no TV, phone, pets and other annoying factors that can distract you and the child from the process breastfeeding.

36. If the baby takes the nipple incorrectly(does not capture the areola), while sucking, he can swallow air. This phenomenon is called aerophagia. It is observed in all children (which is why babies after feeding regurgitate). Normally, if the volume of air swallowed is not more than 10% of the volume of the stomach. Otherwise, the baby will not suck out the prescribed amount of milk: the air will stretch the stomach and create a feeling of satiety.

37. The calorie content of the diet should be 300 kcal more than in the 3rd trimester - 2600-3100 kcal. But do not overeat: three meals a day and 3-4 light snacks a day are enough. Get your calories from lean meats, vegetables, fruits, whole grain breads, cereals, and dairy products.

38. During breastfeeding Can use creams for nipple cracks with lanolin. Buy them only in pharmacies or specialized stores for mothers. As a rule, the composition of such funds includes components that are safe for the health of the child.

39. When there is too much milk, there is a risk of stagnation, and excessive pumping will only increase milk production. feed child breastfeeding, and with excessive tension of the gland, express a little, literally 5-10 ml.

40. If you have milk stasis, The breast pump will not drain the breast. An experienced midwife who knows the techniques of "anti-congestion" massage can help. She can teach you this too.

41.Breast produces so much milk how much is the baby sucking. If you'll be pumping after feeding more milk will come out.

42. So that cracks do not appear on the nipples, you need to help the skin to harden on them. To do this, for the whole day, put shreds of linen, terry or waffle fabric into the cups of the bra at the level of the nipples.

43. Some foods can cause allergy in a child through milk.

44. Inverted or flat nipples can be pulled out. To do this, stretch the nipples 2-3 times a day and scroll between your fingers for 3-4 minutes. Do this daily for a month, preferably in the second trimester.

45. Cream against stretch marks is better to apply during pregnancy or after the end of lactation: it is impossible to know for sure that its components will not penetrate the milk and will not harm the baby.

46. ​​The amount of milk produced no matter how much you eat. The main thing is that the diet is balanced and contains the necessary vitamins and minerals.

47. The reason for the appearance of colic in a child is still not clear. It is only known that some foods eaten by the mother can cause increased gas formation through milk.

48. Take a vitamin complex for pregnant and lactating. It will provide the child with those vitamins and minerals that you may not get from regular foods.

49. Scientists say that in mother's milk there are substances that can prevent the appearance of intestinal colic. When the baby suckles, he calms down, and the pain from colic may also recede. Often, intestinal colic appears precisely in excitable, nervous children who do not find comfort in the chest.

50. Night feeding are a means to maintain sufficient lactation. This is due to the increased production during these hours of the lactation hormone - prolactin. Therefore, do not exclude from the night mode breastfeeding. They are necessary to continue natural feeding.

51. By the age of 2 months in a baby should spontaneously establish a mode feeding. He will ask for a breast every 3.5-4 hours: so much time does the child's body need to digest a portion of food. If the mode is not set in any way, the baby often wakes up at night, which means that something is irritating him. Make sure that the situation in the house is calm, because the baby feels EVERYTHING and requires you to calm down.

52. To completely relax and enjoy skin-to-skin contact with your baby, try feeding lying down in warm bath water.

53. Give the child water (tea) in the first 6 months after birth is not necessary! Colostrum and milk contain the necessary amount of liquid (they are 87-90% water) and provide the needs of the crumbs even in the heat. Liquid from milk is healthier and better absorbed than from other products.

54. When supplementing a baby creates a false sense of fullness; because of this he sucks sluggishly breast, sucks less milk, weakly gains weight. If the child needs to give tea for colic, do it 40-50 minutes after feeding.

55. Drink at least 2 liters of fluid in a day. Milk is mostly water, and your body needs enough of it.

56.Lactation must associated not with work, but with rest: this is the key to successful long-term feeding. Select for breastfeeding the most comfortable position, in an easy chair or on a bed. When feeding the baby, establish a very important eye-to-eye contact, think about the baby, mentally and aloud praise him, caress, smile.

57. If the child “hangs” on the chest for hours, does not let the nipple out of his mouth, and when he tries to “tear it off”, he starts crying heavily, which means that he is in a state of increased anxiety. Try to resolve possible family conflicts, do not be nervous, avoid communicating with people who annoy you.

58. To increase lactation, you can drink teas and decoctions from cumin seeds, dill, anise, fennel, alfalfa, oregano. However, the best remedy is your attitude and confidence that you can breastfeed.

59. Skin-to-skin contact between a child and mother welcomed by pediatricians and psychologists and recommended from the first minutes of a baby's life. This is how acquaintance and the formation of attachment, additional hormonal stimulation of lactation, which is very important in the first weeks of its formation and during lactation crises, occurs.

60. If you have a headache or a toothache, take half a tablet of analgin or paracetamol. These medicines, if passed into milk in small doses, will not harm the baby and will help bring down your temperature.

61. Have you caught a cold? Enough to wear for a while feeding gauze mask. The child will not become infected if you do not stop feeding, because it is in your breast milk that all the immunoglobulins necessary for the baby are contained, which can protect his body from infections.

62. Avoid taking drugs, depressing lactation: diuretics, ether anesthesia, DOPA, parlodel, bromocriptine, dostinex; drugs containing gestagens, androgens, camphor, ergot alkaloids. Reduce lactation infusion and tea from ergot and sage.

63. If you get sick but don't want to take medicines and are treated with "herbs", check out the list of plants prohibited for use during breastfeeding. Through milk, they can cause allergies, irritability, or more serious disorders (dehydration, vomiting, convulsions, respiratory arrest) in a child.

64. Never think badly about her breasts: she can “take offense” and “respond” with illness or lack of milk. And mentally and aloud praise her, admire and admire her!

65. If the baby is over 3 months old but he often asks for breasts, perhaps he needs your attention and love. It is possible that the baby is very nervous. So instead of supplementing with formula, restore a calm atmosphere in the house, hug your baby more often and continue to feed only breast milk.

66. Doctors, parents, girlfriends can assure that you do not have enough milk, the child is malnourished, does not gain weight. Most often they are wrong. Only children's electronic scales will give reliable information: weigh the baby before and after feeding. If he has gained weight by at least 50-70 g, then everything is in order with milk and it is NOT NECESSARY to supplement the baby with the mixture.

67. If the child is not gaining weight, The “fault” for this may not be weak lactation, but the peculiarities of the digestion of the crumbs, possible violations in the assimilation of food. Don't stop breastfeed, do not supplement the crumbs with a mixture. Get your child's stool tested first to see if his digestion is okay.

68. If you think that you have little milk, express more often. Breast milk contains a substance - an inhibitor (suppressor) of lactation. It accumulates in a full breast and reduces lactation. The outflow of milk stimulates the glands.

69. To understand if a child has enough milk, do a wet diaper test. For a day, save the baby from diapers and put only a diaper on. If the child urinates 6 or more times a day, the urine is colorless or pale yellow, then he has enough milk.

70. At the age of 3-6 weeks, 3; 7; 11 and 12 months the child's need for food increases due to the growth of activity and the body. At this time, it may seem that he does not have enough breast milk. Just don't stop breastfeed, and soon the glands will "adjust" to the new needs of the little one.

71. Taste and smell of onion, garlic and other spices are transferred to milk, and the baby may refuse to breastfeed. If the baby does not breastfeed because of this, let him “think better” for 30-60 minutes.

72. To keep the chest in shape, once every 2-3 days, do exercises for the muscles of the chest.

• Join your palms at chest level. Straighten your back and firmly press the bases of your palms together. Relax after a second. Repeat contraction-relaxation 25 more times.
• Grasp your wrists, holding your hands firmly in this position, stretching them as if you are trying to break the clutch. Do 25 repetitions.
• This analogue of the first exercise is good because it involves not only the pectoral muscles, but also the muscles that support the shoulder joint. Just as described in the 1st exercise, squeeze your palms above your head. Do 25 repetitions.

73. If you have too much milk, let's go to one feeding only one breast and do not express milk from it. If the other one is too swollen at the same time, express 10-15 ml (but no more) to ease the tension. Into the next feeding give the child that breast, which was expressed, and do not apply to another (which was fed last time).

74. If a child sucks for a minute, and then comes off the chest crying, this may indicate that:

• the baby has a runny nose, stuffy nose;
• sore throat;
• headache;
• stomach ache (or colic);
• inflammation in the mouth (thrush, teething);
• you somehow prevent him from sucking (twitch, move);
• you are nervous, and this is transmitted to the baby;
• milk flows too much.

75. The smell of your perfume, deodorant or the strong smell of sweat can push the baby away from you. During the feeding period, try not to “water” with perfume and take a shower more often. The most favorite and soothing for a little man is the smell of your skin. Certainly clean.

76. Are you sure that the child is refusing the breast? After all, a little man can simply:

• for a long time "aims" at the nipple, turn his head;
• it is easy to be distracted by extraneous sounds (movement, the appearance in the room or the departure of another person), which is typical for the age of 4-8 months.

77. So that the baby does not refuse the breast, hold it in your arms more often; ensure skin-to-skin, eye-to-eye contacts; sleep with him and feed him at night; exclude pacifiers; try other poses breastfeeding.

78. Natural feeding does not negatively affect your intimate relationship with your husband. Quite the contrary: many men consider the process breastfeeding very sexy. But if you are hiding from your husband at the same time, there may be something wrong in your relationship. Contact a family psychologist!

79. A good way to maintain breastfeeding is the approval of the husband. It's good if he compliments you when you feed the baby; especially if he emphasizes that you are beautiful just at the time feeding and it is very important for him that you give his child exactly breast milk. If he himself does not guess to do this, tactfully “hint”.

80. Don't let your husband speak negatively about your "expanded" chest, to compare you with a "milking cow". This reduces your mental attitude to breastfeeding, which inevitably leads to a decrease in lactation and weaning.

81. Reject any negative statements about breastfeeding by the grandmothers of the newborn. Especially those that reduce your confidence in the ability breastfeed. The only thing worth listening to in this regard is the stories about how long breastfed and how glad they are that you can give your baby your milk too.

82. If you suspect a lack of milk the baby's grandmothers should only support you. Do not take on faith phrases like "I fed you with a mixture (broth, porridge, cow's milk, etc.) - and nothing." Even the most modern mixtures cannot replace your milk for crumbs, and decoctions, cereals, and even more so cow's milk, will only harm the crumbs at his age!

83. Physical and emotional overwork may cause a decrease in lactation. Therefore, try to leave home 2-3 times a week for 2-3 hours. Take a walk, go to a hairdresser, go shopping, visit a friend, visit a theater, a museum. Successful feeding requires periodic emotional discharge.

84. Often in favor of supplementary feeding pediatricians in district clinics speak out. If the doctor has not tried to find out the cause of the decrease in lactation and improve your breastfeeding for at least 2 weeks and immediately prescribed supplementary foods, naming mixtures of 1-3 certain brands ... say goodbye to him and choose another pediatrician.

85. If you are lactating the pediatrician can only prescribe therapeutic mixtures that give 30-50 g at the end breastfeeding milk. Their packaging indicates that the mixture is therapeutic and is not a substitute for breast milk. If the doctor unreasonably recommends supplementary feeding, he violates the recommendations of the WHO.

86. Going to do fitness, wear a bra with maximum support. Now that the weight of each of the mammary glands has increased due to lactation, the risk of stretch marks and sagging breasts is also higher.

87.Most suitable sports for nursing mothers are yoga, Pilates, callanetics. Drink more water while exercising. It will help to quickly remove metabolic products from the body, "bypassing" breast milk.

88. After your first fitness session the baby may begin to refuse breast milk, not sleep after eating, or suffer from colic. It’s just that during classes, toxins and toxins are removed from the body that can get into milk and cause colic. Reduce the load, and over time, the composition of the milk will return to normal.

89. Intense cardio training cause increased lactation. The baby cannot suck out all the milk, and over time it begins to “burn out”. This leads to a decrease and cessation of milk production, as well as to a change in its taste and properties. Do not be zealous with training and choose a fitness that is more suitable during this period.

90. If you moved(to the dacha, or to another apartment), the child may often require breasts. Do not deny him this in such circumstances, because the feeling of your closeness gives him a sense of security, and he adapts faster.

91. If you can't wait to swim in the summer in open water, do it in a large river or sea. In stagnant water of ponds, lakes, pits filled with water or small rivers, the concentration of pathogenic bacteria is higher. Once in the milk duct or mouth, they can cause infection (breast, intestines, whole body), and breastfeed child can be dangerous. Do not swim where there are waterfowl.

92. Planning to go to work and transfer the child to feeding pumped milk from a bottle, stock up on a good breast pump, 3-5 bottles, bags for storing milk in a frozen state. The bottle nipple should have a very small hole (1 or 3) so that the baby does not forget how to make an effort to "get" milk. Otherwise, he will no longer suck your breast.

93. Having gone to work, at first, leave the house for no more than half a working day. The transition to feeding expressed milk from a bottle should be gradual. This is important both for the baby's psyche (abrupt weaning from the mother will provoke severe stress), and for lactation (natural breast sucking by the child supports lactation better than pumping).

94. Bottled milk store in the refrigerator. After a few hours of standing, it can be divided into 2 layers, "cream" will emerge. This does not mean that the milk has gone bad. It is enough to shake it, warm it up, and the baby can be fed.

95. For the preservation of frozen milk what matters is the conditions under which it was collected. Therefore, before pumping, wash the parts of the breast pump that will touch the breasts, nipples, and hands with hot water and soap. Store milk in special disposable plastic bags for expressed milk.

96. Warm up your expressed milk only in a water bath and do not bring it to a boil, otherwise all useful substances will be destroyed. Reheating milk in a “microwave” is dangerous: with this type of heat treatment, hot spots form in the milk, and the child can severely burn the mouth and esophagus.

97. Be sure to express milk and at work. To do this, take a portable manual or electric breast pump with you. If you don't express, the milk may "burn out" and lactation will stop.

98. At room temperature(23-25 ​​degrees C) expressed milk can be stored for 4-5 hours, in the refrigerator (0 - +3) - 2 days. In a frozen state in the freezer of a single-chamber refrigerator (-4 - 5 degrees C), it is stored for 8 days, in the freezer of a two-chamber refrigerator - 2 months. In the freezer (-18 - 25 degrees C), milk will be stored - up to 6 months.

99. Breastfeed your baby only needed until at least 6 months of age. Therefore, until this time, do not introduce any other products into his diet. The baby should suckle at the breast and thus stimulate lactation.

100. Consider canceling breastfeeding possible by 12-14 months after childbirth. Weaning will go unnoticed if you correctly introduced adult table products into the child’s menu after 6 months of age. If the fidget continues to often ask for a breast, this may be a sign of increased nervousness and hyperexcitability of your child.

101. The best lactagon- “lactation dominant” is the mother’s conviction that she can feed child breastfeeding, her milk is the best and is the ideal and indispensable food for the crumbs. In a word, the main thing is to believe and know!