Hygienic care for bedridden patients. What is included in the list of hygiene procedures? Baby care

Excellent health, no skin problems, good immunity in a newborn depends on whether the mother can properly carry out hygiene procedures.

Newborn hygiene- This is a necessary, daily stage of baby care, which includes several mandatory procedures.

If you do not maintain the cleanliness of the newborn’s body, then health and skin problems will certainly arise, which will have to be solved with the help of a doctor and medications. It is necessary to constantly care for the baby’s skin; some procedures must be carried out in morning hours, others throughout the day.

Daily toilet of a newborn after waking up

After the baby wakes up in the morning, he needs to wash his eyes, clear his nose of mucus, remove dirt from the ears, and wash. The most prerequisite is the cleanliness of the mother’s hands - they must be washed thoroughly with soap, it is advisable that the nails are short, otherwise you risk injury delicate skin baby. Hygiene items for daily care you need to choose in advance, choosing the highest quality, safest and most convenient.

• Taking care of your eyes. It is necessary to prepare warm boiled water in a small container and cotton swabs, use cotton wool in pure form not recommended as it leaves lint behind. We wet the swab in water, wring it out lightly and wipe the eye, moving from the outer corner to the inner one. A separate swab should be used for each eye. If you see your baby waking up with heavy discharge, then you can use a decoction of chamomile, calendula, or strained light-colored tea leaves to wash your eyes.
• Caring for the nasal passages. During the night, mucus accumulates in the newborn's nose, which prevents him from breathing normally. If the discharge is liquid, then to remove it use cotton wool pads soaked in sterile vegetable oil. Using rotational movements, the turundum is inserted into the nasal passage and removed from the nose in the same way. Rotation helps to collect all the mucus, but the turunda should not be inserted deeply. The nasal passages are cleaned with separate flagella. If the mucus is dry, then you first need to soften it using droplets with a base of sea water. They are completely harmless and do not cause allergies. Read more about
• Ear care. It is necessary to clean only the outer auricle; the baby’s ear canal is too delicate and any careless movement can result in painful sensations for the baby. It is safer to clean the auricle by soaking it in water. cotton pads, you can also use soft ear sticks with special clips. Detailed article,
• The baby's face is wiped with cotton swabs soaked in warm boiled water. Be sure to wipe your forehead, cheeks, and chin.
• after waking up, it also involves washing the buttocks and genitals. Washing is carried out with warm water, after which the skin and folds must be thoroughly dried and treated with baby powder or a special one. The talc contained in such products absorbs excess moisture and...
• In the first days after the baby is born, you need to provide regular care umbilical wound. You will need 3% hydrogen peroxide, a solution of brilliant green and cotton buds. Soak a cotton swab or swab in peroxide and moisten the navel area well; it is advisable to wait one to two minutes for the crusts to soften. Then carefully remove the loose dry crusts. Again, use a clean cotton swab with peroxide to rinse the navel. Dry with a clean swab and treat with brilliant green. There is no need to lubricate the skin around the umbilical wound with an antiseptic; firstly, this is not advisable, and secondly, it will not allow you to notice changes in skin color. And the appearance of redness and an increase in temperature in this area indicates inflammation; if such phenomena are recorded, you must definitely call your pediatrician. Usually the umbilical wound heals in less than 10 days; slight bleeding during this period is also normal.

Video: Morning procedures

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Hygiene throughout the day

Caring for a baby is not limited to in the morning hours, personal hygiene of the newborn must be observed throughout the day.

After feeding, you need to make sure that the area near the mouth is clean; food debris quickly leads to the appearance of pinpoint pink rashes.

Note to moms!

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Changing the diaper. Washing

Nail care

Many parents are terrified of trimming the nails of their baby’s hands and feet for fear of hurting him. You can safely and quickly deal with overgrown nails using the advice of pediatricians.

1. It is necessary to purchase safety scissors with thin blades and rounded tips with protective caps. Some mothers find it more convenient to use special tweezers; such devices are also produced especially for babies - they have a conveniently mounted magnifying glass that enlarges the area of ​​the nail edge several times. Using these clippers, you won’t be afraid to cut your nails.
2. It is best to trim nails when the baby is sleeping - newborns sleep soundly and they do not feel careful manipulation at all.
3. You need to trim your nails regularly - long nails a child may scratch his face, because the baby does not yet know how to control his movements.

During the day, you need to monitor the condition of the skin folds on the neck and interdigital spaces. Small lint from clothing quickly accumulates in these places; they can be removed with a damp swab or special baby wipes.

Bathing

When carrying out hygiene at home, the most important ritual in the evening is considered to be bathing the baby; this procedure should not be neglected and it is advisable to carry it out every day in the first weeks of life. Bathing in warm water not only cleanses the baby's skin of accumulated toxins, residues of biological fluids, sweat, but also soothes and relaxes, which guarantees restful sleep at night time.

How to bathe a child correctly:

1. The first step is to decide on a bathing room. If the bathroom is too small, you can bathe in the bedroom, but you need to warm up the room and check for drafts. For bathing you will need a bath, water with a temperature of up to 37 degrees, a thermometer to measure it, a jug with warm water for rinsing, a diaper, and a towel.
2. We carefully dip the baby into the prepared water (to prevent the baby from getting scared, you can first wrap him in a thin diaper; it allows the baby to adapt more gently to the changed conditions). First, the legs are immersed, then gradually the whole body. You need to make sure that the head and ears are not under water; special slides and rollers are sold that hold the baby’s body. We remove the diaper.
3. For washing you need to use a special baby shampoo, Not irritating And baby soap. Bathing for the first time lasts 5-7 minutes, then the time gradually increases. After bathing, the head and body are rinsed with prepared water, pouring in a thin stream.
Hygiene products

Hygiene products for a newborn need to be especially carefully selected; they should be designed for body care in the first months after birth. You will need several of the most popular ones in the first weeks:

1. Fragrance-free baby soap.
2. Talc. Special children's talc is produced in liquid form. When applied to the skin, it neutralizes moisture well and does not form lumps.
3. The shampoo should be labeled “tear-free.”
4. Wet wipes.
5. Anti-irritation cream Bepanten or D - Panthenol. For skin care without irritation, choose a simple moisturizer.

Proper skin care consists primarily of keeping it clean at all times. To do this, you need to regularly wash the entire skin with soap and water at least once a week. Depending on how dirty the skin is, washing can be done even every day.

When washing the body with soap and water, the skin is cleansed from sebum and sweat, from dust and dirt, from various substances that a person comes into contact with at work, from microbes that have fallen on the skin - pathogens of diseases, and finally, from horny tissues that have not yet fallen off the surface of the skin. scales. Under the influence of warm, and especially hot water, increased work begins sweat glands, with sweat, metabolic products - waste products - are removed from the body. Under the influence of water and rubbing, blood circulation in the skin increases, its tissue, nerves, glands and hair are better and more abundantly washed with blood and nourished. Metabolism in the body increases, which improves health. At the same time, both the condition of the skin and its appearance improves.

Water temperature for water procedures . For water procedures, use both warm and cold water. Cold means water room temperature or slightly lower. To keep your skin clean, you should use warm or even slightly hot water, which better washes away dirt and cleanses the skin. Cold water in the form of cold baths, washes and rubdowns is used to strengthen the body and harden and keep the skin in a healthy, fresh state.

Hygiene procedures with cold water. Cold water procedures are supposed to be taken in a state where a person feels slightly warmed up. The water should be at room temperature or slightly colder. The procedure lasts from several seconds to one minute. After this, vigorously rub the entire body with a dry towel until a feeling of pleasant warmth is felt, then quickly get dressed and make moderate movements. Cold water procedures can be taken only by those people who tolerate them well - who quickly experience reddening of the skin, a feeling of pleasant warmth and wellness. If after taking such a procedure the skin turns pale and blue, and the person is slightly chilled, then you should abstain from cold water procedures or take them carefully.

Bathing. It is very useful to swim in the sea or river, it improves health, strengthens the body and keeps the skin in good cosmetic condition. Swimming in the open air is very useful, since the effect of water is combined with the influence of sunlight and fresh, clean air.

It should be remembered that regular use of cold water can cause dry and hard skin in some people.

Water quality. For washing, washing and others hygiene procedures soft water should be used. This water does not contain lime and magnesium salts and does not irritate the skin. Soft water is rain, snow, and partly river water. When using such water, soap lathers easily, which determines good cleansing skin.

Water that contains lime and magnesium salts is hard. Washing with such water makes the skin tight, dry, rough and unsightly. Prolonged use of hard water can lead to skin irritation, especially for people whose facial skin is dry and thin. Therefore, you should not use hard water for hygiene procedures.

Any hard water(well, from sources) is made soft if it long time boil. Hard water can be made soft by adding baking soda to it at the rate of 1-2 teaspoons per basin of water or 1-2 tablespoons of borax.

Often the seriously ill person you are caring for at home is completely helpless. Days go by, the patient becomes weaker, and your problems caring for him accumulate.

And one of the problems of care, which is complex in nature, is various hygiene procedures. They must be carried out without fail, since untidiness and dirt lead to the development of infections and complications of the underlying disease. For the patient himself, everything connected with untidiness is, as a rule, painful, but he cannot always complain about it, being ashamed or not wanting to once again burden the person who is caring for him. Therefore, dear nurses, please be attentive to your charges, take pity on them and do everything possible in a timely manner to make your patient feel good. And we continue to tell you how to provide care, presenting it in a simple form.

How to clean a patient's nose?

Mucus and dust gradually accumulate in the nose, which combine to form crusts. In an unkempt patient, they can be so large that they make breathing difficult.

To soften the crusts, cotton flagella (turundas) moistened with petroleum jelly are inserted into the nostrils with rotational movements to a depth of 1.5-2 cm and left for 1-3 minutes. Then, using the same movements, the turundas with softened crusts are removed. If necessary, the procedure is repeated using dry turundas.

Mucus and pus from the nasal passages can be removed with a cotton swab soaked in Vaseline, menthol, peach or some other oil. It is also possible to use a weak solution to rinse the nose. saline solution, prepared at the rate of 1 hour. l. salt per 1 liter of boiled water, as well as infusions of chamomile and linden blossom.

How to put medicinal drops into the nose and lubricate it?

If the patient is sitting or in a semi-sitting position, then his head should be tilted back slightly, and if he is lying on his back, then his head should be turned to one side and then to the other.

Examine the patient's nasal passages and, if necessary, clean them. Take the drops prescribed by your doctor into a pipette, insert the pipette into the nostril 1-1.5 cm, squeeze out the drops and press cotton ball the wing of the nose to the nasal septum for 1-2 minutes so that they are absorbed into the nasal mucosa. Healing ointment it is inserted into the nose using a turunda.

Carry out procedures with the patient’s nose with clean hands, using sterile care items (cotton wool, pipettes, etc.).

How to wash your eyelids?

Often the patient’s eyes begin to fester. This is especially noticeable in the morning, when eyelashes can even stick together with discharge from the eyes.

I used products to wash my eyelids traditional medicine- strained through thick fabric a decoction of eucalyptus leaves (3 tsp per glass of water) and infusion of chamomile and calendula (1 tbsp per glass of water). I did the procedure 3 times a day, especially carefully in the morning, removing all the crusts.

You can also wash your eyelids with a solution of furatsilin (1:5000).

Rinsing should be done with gentle cleansing movements using a cotton swab soaked in a healing solution. Movements should be directed from the inner corner of the eye (located near the nose) to the outer.

All care items must be very clean, cotton wool must be sterile, and hands must be thoroughly washed.

How to instill medicinal drops into the eyes?

The drops prescribed by the doctor are dripped into the patient’s eyes with a sterile (boiled) pipette. When doing this procedure, exercise maximum caution, that is, try not to touch the pipette eyeball. Pull the lower eyelid with your finger, place the required number of drops behind it and closed eye Press the inner corner of the eye with a cotton swab for 1-2 minutes. This is done to ensure that the medicine does not leave the eye through the tear duct. Blot the leaked tear with a sterile napkin.

How to care for a patient's ears?

The patient's ears should be washed daily with soap during the morning toilet.

In addition, it is necessary to periodically clear the ear canals of wax accumulated in them. This cannot be done with sharp objects. Ears are cleaned with special sticks sold in pharmacies. If a small amount of wax in the ears has dried there, then, pulling back the earlobe, drop a few drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide into it, wait 2-3 minutes, insert a gauze pad into the ear canal with rotational movements and remove the softened wax.

The resulting large sulfur plugs, which lead to hearing loss, are removed nurse or a doctor whom you can call to a bedridden patient’s home.

Hygiene – essential element care infant, the key to successful development and good health newborn It includes morning routine, and procedures that are carried out throughout the day.

After the baby wakes up, the first thing you need to do is wash the eyes, clean the ears and nose, and wash. At the same time, pay attention to your hygiene. Before starting the procedure, be sure to wash your hands with soap. Choose only high-quality and safe products. Let's take a closer look at how to properly carry out morning procedures for a newborn baby.

Morning baby care

Eye care carried out using a cotton swab, which is moistened in warm boiled water. Wipe the eye with a swab external corner to the inner. Get a new tampon for each eye! When a child’s eyes are very watery, you can prepare a special infusion of chamomile or calendula. Dilute 1-1.5 tablespoons of the herb with 200 ml of boiling water and leave for an hour. Then wipe each eye with the infusion. For children older than 3-4 months, the infusion can be instilled into the eyes, this will prevent the appearance of.



Nose care It is important to do this every day so that the snot does not clog the mucous membranes and interfere with normal breathing. A newborn is characterized by a physiological runny nose, which goes away on its own by 2.5-3 months. At this age, the baby does not yet know how to blow his nose, so the baby’s nasal passages need to be cleaned. The nose can be cleaned with soft cotton swabs dipped in vegetable oil. Instead of cotton swabs, flagella from cotton swabs are also used, as they are softer and safer.

Liquid mucus is removed using light rotational movements with a stick or flagellum, dry mucus is removed using sea water. Sea water does not cause allergies and is safe for newborns. It eliminates allergies, colds and other types of runny nose. How else to treat a runny nose, and how to properly clean a newborn’s nose, read.

Ear care must be done very carefully and at least once a week. You only need to clean the outer ear, since the delicate ear canals of a newborn are easily damaged. To clean, take soft cotton swabs and soak them in water, then gently wipe your ears.



Facial care carried out after you have cleaned your nose, eyes and ears. Wipe baby's face wet wipes or wash with running water. In addition, you can use a special chamomile decoction. To do this, pour two tablespoons of dry chamomile into a liter of boiling water and let it brew for half an hour. Moisten a cotton pad with the infusion and wipe your face. After washing, it is important to wipe the skin dry using disposable wipes.

Caring for the umbilical wound needed in the first days of a newborn’s life, since the wound heals 10 days after birth. Sometimes she bleeds at this time, which is normal for babies. For processing, take hydrogen peroxide 3% and brilliant green. Soak a cotton swab or swab in peroxide and wipe the navel area. Remove dry crusts when they soften. Then clean the wound again with peroxide, dry it and treat it with brilliant green.



Intimate hygiene is also very important for the newborn. Washing the genitals and buttocks is done with warm water without soap, and wiping is best done with dry wipes, as towels dry out and irritate skin. In addition, disposable wipes are more hygienic. After drying the skin and skin folds are treated with special means, which can be used as baby diaper creams or powders containing talc.

Caring for your baby during the day

In addition to morning hygiene, it is important to perform other procedures throughout the day. So, after each bowel movement, you need to organize washing for the baby. When the skin is dry, apply baby cream with talc or powder to the skin folds. For dry skin, baby moisturizing oil or milk is better, and for oily skin, powder. After feeding, carefully wipe the corners of the baby's mouth; leftover milk or food can lead to allergies, thrush and other problems.

Change the diaper after each bowel movement and every 3-4 hours, regardless of the degree of wetness. It's important to do air baths after the diaper, since it negatively affects the baby’s skin, can cause allergies and leads to diaper rash.



Regularly check the skin folds on your neck and the spaces between your fingers, as they often accumulate in such places. small threads and villi. Wipe with wet and dry wipes.

In addition, the baby needs to cut his nails regularly, since long edges of the nails can lead to wounds and scratches on the skin, because the baby cannot yet follow the movements. The child begins to understand and control the movements of the arms and legs only after three months. It is better to cut nails when the baby is sleeping. For this procedure, choose scissors with rounded edges and thin blades. If you are afraid of injuring your baby, purchase special pliers with a magnifying glass that will enlarge the area of ​​the nail.



Bathing is one of the main rituals when caring for a baby, which should be done every day! The first time, bathing is carried out for 10-15 minutes at a temperature not lower than 37 degrees above zero. Then you can gradually reduce the levels by one degree every four to five days. But for babies under four months, the temperature cannot be lowered below 32 degrees. After bathing, it is important to dry your child thoroughly with a towel so that no moisture remains on the skin. Otherwise, the child will become hypothermic and get sick.

Bathing and swimming are important for more than just hygiene. Exercises in water develop muscles, help the child’s legs, arms and fingers straighten faster, improve blood circulation and normalize blood pressure. Bathing strengthens the immune system, and procedures before bedtime relax and calm the baby. As a result, the child will sleep soundly and peacefully.



Hygiene products for infants

It is important to choose the right hygiene products for newborns, because many formulations can cause allergic reaction. As a rule, an allergy in an infant manifests itself within two days. If you haven't appeared during this time negative reaction, you can safely use creams, lotions and other cosmetic items. If your baby has an allergy, stop using this product immediately and consult a doctor.

What products will you need to care for your baby:

• Baby liquid soap;
• Baby shampoo “no tears”;
• Cotton pads and cotton swabs;
• Powders in the form of liquid talc;
• Wet and dry wipes;
• Baby oils and lotions;
• Baby creams with moisturizing properties;
• Clean towels;
• Diapers;
• Hydrogen peroxide 3% and brilliant green;
• Nail scissors and hair brush.

Take only special means for babies from the first days of life. Before purchasing, carefully study the expiration dates and composition, and check the packaging for integrity. Let's find out in more detail which products are suitable for children under one year old.



How to choose hygiene products for babies

Choose wet wipes impregnated with lavender, chamomile, calendula and other plant extracts, as they are less likely to cause allergies. Do not use products containing alcohol and chlorine, chemicals and various preservatives!

Choose cotton swabs for children under one year old with special restraints. Standard adult products can penetrate too deeply and injure your baby. It is important to choose high-quality sticks with cotton wool tightly attached so that it does not accidentally remain in the nasal or ear canal. Choose napkins and cotton swabs in sealed plastic containers.

Oils and lotions for newborns are used during massage and bathing. Such oils moisturize the skin, relax and remove crusts on the head. Choose only natural remedies without dyes or other chemicals. Choose neutral, plant-based, fragrance-free liquid soap for newborns. It is desirable that the composition includes glycerin or lanolin. Such substances soften the skin. Liquid soap, oils and lotions, take them in sealed containers with a dispenser.



Also choose plant-based creams with or without glycerin. mineral oils. The cream may contain almond or olive oils. Please note that shorter period suitability of the product, more natural composition. Moisturizer is used after swimming and water procedures. Additionally, you can purchase a special cream for diaper rash.

In the second or third month of your baby's life, you will need shampoo. It will effectively cope with dirt and excess fat on the head. Baby shampoos will strengthen hair follicles and improve hair growth. Avoid products containing sulfates, diethanolamine, dioxane and formaldehyde. Choose “tearless” shampoos for children under one year of age, as they do not contain fragrances and do not cause allergies, and are characterized by mild and gentle cleaning properties.



Baby powders absorb moisture well, which prevents irritation, diaper rash and redness. Today, powdered powders, which our grandmothers and mothers are accustomed to, are rarely used. Such products, when interacting with moisture, form lumps, which causes discomfort to the child. Modern mothers choose liquid talc, which does not create lumps and forms protective layer on the baby's skin.

Brushes are not used for combing, because a baby at this age still has very little hair. Brushes with fine and soft bristles made from natural quality materials effectively massage the scalp and stimulate hair growth. In addition, they remove crusts from the newborn's head. After six months, when your baby’s hair has already increased, buy a special baby comb with rounded teeth. Don't forget about nail clippers. They should have rounded edges and a thin blade.