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Minimum length of service for granting a pension. How is Soviet work experience taken into account when calculating pensions?

Sooner or later every modern Russian woman thinking about retirement. What do we know about the current pension reform? It is known that in 2019 in Russia the pension system has already switched to new scheme work from January 1. Some Russian politicians (we won’t name them, but just express an opinion) believe: pension payments women are produced very early. That is, they could still work hard and plow for the benefit of the great Motherland, and already at fifty - fifty-five years old they are sitting at home in retirement, “well-deserved” rest.

So there is an opinion that modern reforms do not stimulate Russian women, but on the contrary, they strive to end their careers as soon as possible and relax, relax, relax... Is this really so? And is it true that women’s pension eligibility may increase in 2019? All this will be discussed in this article.

Is work experience important?

We always remember the age criterion: 55 years for female half society and 60 years for men. How many of us know why experience is needed? How long should it last to retire?

Having rummaged through dictionaries and read a lot of useful literature, we conclude that seniority– your hours worked, both at a permanent workplace and taking into account socially useful activities.

This is a factual justification not only for a pension, but also for a well-deserved vacation, receiving benefits, benefits, social payments, and in some cases, wage increases.

There are a few things to consider. Where is your accumulated experience recorded? In the work book - in a personal document that confirms your work. In Russia, these books appeared in 1939 to make it more convenient to check workdays. Now, if you have worked in some organization for more than five days, then this is recorded in such a document.

If it happened that you made an incorrect entry in it or lost it altogether, you will have to look for other documents that will confirm your work experience. This is an order for hiring, dismissal, employment contracts. Where can I find them? Ask the management of those organizations where you have worked. Although you can try to find them in the state repository, in the area in which they worked.

What are the new requirements for experience in 2019?

A woman who has worked at a “white” salary for 30 years can expect a 40% pension from lost income. But with minimal experience, the payment will be small - 24% of the salary.

As you can see, in order to receive a labor pension, a woman needs to have at least 5 years of work experience. What prospects do they offer us? By 2025, the minimum total length of service will be 15 years. That is, today’s 5 years will gradually increase over the next 10 years – 1 year at a time. Those women who total experience will be less than 15 years old, they will be able to apply to the Pension Fund for a social pension at the age of 60. A social supplement is also provided up to the subsistence level of the pensioner in the region of residence.

Longevity and pension for women workers in the Far North

Not only men live and work in the Far North, but also women. In these conditions, it is not grace periods that are taken into account, but calendar periods of service. The time of study, service, etc. is also counted. If a pensioner decided to leave an area with an unsuitable climate and moved to another region of Russia, then the pension will be calculated in a new way. That is, everything will depend on the woman’s place of residence. Although the “northern” experience will not change.

The insurance period for women working and, accordingly, living in the Far North is 20 years:

with two or more children (over 50 years old);
in special working conditions;
with permanent residence (45 years).

A year of experience corresponds to 9 months of work in the North.

Since the beginning of 2017, a new pension calculation has also been introduced in the compulsory pension insurance system. Labor has been transformed into insurance, as well as savings.

Be careful! To carry out the necessary mathematical operations, you need to know the number of your PBs, in other words, “individual pension coefficient" With the help of PB, each year of labor is assessed.

Now, to retire due to old age, you need to gain more than 30 PB. This year the minimum PB is 6.6. Each subsequent year this value will increase by 2.4 to 30 in 2025.

How much does PB cost? Since the beginning of 2017, 1PB = 64.1 rubles, and the size of the fixed payment is 3935 rubles. In some areas it is calculated taking into account the regional coefficient.

You may be wondering why pension points were introduced, since they only complicate the calculations? Experts explain it this way: all because of inflation, so that labor savings do not burn out and points are introduced.

Step-by-step instructions: how to determine the size of your future pension

Here you need to proceed in the following order:

Need to determine the size insurance period(according to the new law minimum size this year - 6 years).
The IPC should be calculated: the IK for the entire period of work of the pensioner is equal to the sum of the coefficients for the period before and after 2017: IK = K01 + K02.
Let's find out the size of the insurance pension (SP): we should take into account the increase in the price of IC - in the first half of the year it is less than in the second.
We calculate the total amount: joint venture + fixed payment (today – 3935 rubles).

Advice for women who are far from accounting: if you couldn’t understand this part of the article after reading it three times, don’t try to do it yourself, contact an experienced accountant.

More innovations

The Russian government is doing everything to encourage women to work beyond the threshold retirement age. If you did not apply for security immediately when you turned 55, then for each subsequent year you will receive bonus points and an increase in the fixed payment.

We talked about the fact that since January 2017 labor pension began to include insurance and savings. The state only pays insurance (if you have fulfilled certain conditions for transferring funds to the Pension Fund). The woman creates her own savings account. Let us remember that on this moment mandatory contributions to the Pension Fund from salaries are 22%. Of these, 16% can be divided at will: 10% – the insurance part, 6% – the savings part. But if a woman refuses funded funds, what does the state do in this case? Persuading? Begging? No, all 16% goes to the insurance part.

Of course, women are primarily interested in how maternity and parental leave, these same “non-insurance periods,” will be calculated in the PB. We answer: in such cases, a special coefficient for calculating the pension is assigned. During the period of caring for the first four children, a woman is awarded additional points: for 1 child - 1.8 PB, for 2 children - 3.6 PB, for 3 and

4 children – 5.4 PB. Another 6 years will be taken into account when calculating the old-age pension as length of service (currently only 3 years).

A few “ifs”...

If a woman has worked for more than 30 years in agriculture, in the internal affairs bodies, in military service, then from next year the government promises to increase the size of the pension.

What if a woman does not officially work? What to do with the pension in this case? Women housewives will not be able to receive insurance pension(no contributions to the Pension Fund, no experience accrued, no points) at 55 years old. But at 60 they can – socially.

What if a woman works unofficially? The situation is similar: only social pension at 60 years old.

The pension reform launched in Russia in 2015 involves an annual increase in the length of service required to calculate a pension. If before this period it was possible to retire after working for 5 years, then in 2019 the minimum work experience should be 10 years.

Principles for calculating pensions

The insurance benefit is calculated based on the number of pension points (IPC). The calculation procedure is specified in Federal Law No. 400-FZ “On Insurance Pensions”. It also says that a complete transition to the new conditions for entering a well-deserved retirement must take place within 10 years, that is, until 2025. Starting from 2015, every year the IPC increases in increments of 2.4 points, which corresponds to 1 year.

If in 2019, upon reaching retirement age, the account does not have the minimum 16.2 points, then the accrual of the pension will be delayed. The person is given another 5 years, during which he will be able to earn the missing working period. Otherwise, social benefits will be assigned.

Important! When calculating, it is not the total length of service that is taken into account, but the insurance period.

In the north, men must work for at least 25 years, and women 20, while the “northern” must be at least 15 calendar years(a year in such regions is equivalent to 9 months).

Accruals for various categories

From general rule there are always exceptions. For example, the pension reform for civil servants started only in 2016, and a gradual increase in six-month increments began on January 1, 2017. The length of service for civil servants in 2019 will be 16.5 years. In this case, it is the length of service that is very important: the pension is paid in the amount of 45 to 75% of average monthly earnings, and if the minimum is exceeded, then another plus 3% for each year on top.

As for the military and security forces, then in 2019 everything will remain the same for them. The length of service will remain at 20 years. On average, military personnel retire at the age of 40-45. At mixed experience You must serve in the armed forces for at least 12 years.

The minimum length of service for calculating benefits for disabled people is only 1 day; otherwise, the person is assigned social benefit. Moreover, if disability occurred before January 1, 2011, then the person himself has the right to choose what type of benefit to receive: social or labor. For group III disabled people, benefits are calculated based on length of service earned before 2002. If disability was established before this time, then an IPC of 0.3 is taken.

The survivor's insurance pension is assigned regardless of the years worked. It is paid to minor children (or children studying on a budget until they reach 23 years of age) and elderly parents of the deceased.

Persons who have performed certain types of work are also entitled to early appointments. For them, the concept of “length of service” is established:

Workers of mines and mines.
Employees of fishing companies working on ships.
Teachers and health workers.
Emergency responders.

Persons with the right to early accrual of pensions social reasons, while for them the concept of “insurance period” is preserved:

Mothers of many children (age 50 years and insurance experience 15 years).
Disabled people with eye injuries.
Persons who worked in the Far North.

How to calculate the minimum length of service

Length of service is the period of work for public service, in the public sector, special conditions, the right to which are:

officials at the federal, regional, municipal level;
military personnel;
law enforcement officers;
teaching staff;
health workers;
creative intelligentsia;
sailors;
aircraft manufacturers;
miners, open-pit mining workers.

Each category has its own minimum length of service for calculation, which has an internal gradation. For example, medical workers have the right to retire with 30 years of experience if they worked in their specialty in urban conditions, 25 - in rural areas.

Minimum period for seniority appointment equal to 15-20 years, it is assumed:

senior civil servants of executive authorities;
separate categories employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
cultural sphere.

For municipal employees, the length of service based on seniority has increased annually by 6 months since 2016. IN 2018 he is 16 years old. TO 2026 will reach 20 years of age.

The time spent performing duties in different specialties is summed up. For example, work in a medical institution and emergency service, military service under contract and work in the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The minimum insurance period is equal to the duration of the transfer pension contributions to a personal account with the Pension Fund.

Additionally, the non-insurance period is considered:

passing conscript service;
receiving unemployment benefits;
time spent on sick leave;
care for persons with disabilities physical capabilities(group 1), over 80 years old;
children under 1.5 years old;
unjustified detention;
lack of work in military garrisons, outside the Russian Federation (for wives of military personnel, employees of diplomatic missions) for 5 years;
operational investigative work.

These periods are taken into account in the presence of insurance deductions. Otherwise they are not taken into account.

An example of calculating length of service under insurance

Let’s assume that Ivanov has three entries in his employment record about hiring and dismissal from work:

accepted 05/17/93, dismissed 03/23/07;
accepted 03/29/07, dismissed 08/31/07;
accepted 09/01/07, dismissed 09/14/08.

According to the calendar principle, a full month is equal to 30 days, a full year is 12 months:

write out date intervals - hiring and dismissal;
We count the sum of the numbers in the day, month and year separately, and write it in the same format:
(05/17/1993) + (03/29/2007) + (09/01/2007) = 47.17.6007 (hiring);
(03/23/2007) + (08/31/2007) + (09/14/2008) = 68.20.6022 (dismissals);
find the difference: 68206022 – 47176007 = 21030015
We write down the amount in date format – 03/21/0015, which gives us 15 years + 3 months + 21 days;
We add 3 days for each hiring and dismissal.

Final experience: 15 years + 3 months + 24 days
Worth knowing! 27 objects of the Russian Federation belong to the Far North and equivalent regions, they are located on both sides of 60° north latitude, and the period of work in such conditions is called “Northern experience”. Conditions under which the right to retire early is granted (men at 55 years old, women at 50):

25 years of experience for men and 20 for women;
work in northern conditions for at least 15 years or in equivalent conditions for at least 20.

How to increase length of service if it is not enough upon retirement

An insufficient amount insurance years means that old-age social benefits will be accrued. The benefit has a fixed amount and does not take into account the specifics of work activity. The adjustment occurs by government decision.

WITH 2015 it is possible to increase the length of service if it is not enough for old age pension.

There are 4 options for changing the insurance period:

A person temporarily lives and works abroad. There are no insurance transfers to the Pension Fund. To form an insurance fund, you must personally transfer payments to your pension account.
The person lives in the Russian Federation and does not officially work anywhere. You are required to make personal contributions to Pension Fund in your name.
One person can transfer payments for another person who does not work anywhere and does not have an account with the Pension Fund. For example, a working husband - for his wife.
Individual entrepreneur, making contributions from one minimum wage according to the law (minimum wage), may increase the contribution.

In this way, you can “purchase” ½ of the required insurance period. For example, out of 8 years, you can add 4 years. Deductions in the amount of 26% must be made from two minimum wages.

Attention! You can increase your insurance period, and therefore the number of pension points, by postponing retirement for a year or more.

The law provides for increasing coefficients for an individual pension score if the pensioner does not receive the required benefit. For each year of deferment, the IPC increases on average by 7% . For 10 years, the maximum permissible period, pension point will increase by 125% . The future pensioner needs to calculate the pension he is counting on and the number of years of work without registration.

What is included in the insurance period

Along with the working period, other cases are also taken into account for calculating insurance benefits:

Service in the armed forces.
The length of time military wives lived in areas where there were no opportunities for employment.
Period of temporary disability (receiving unemployment benefits).
Time to care for a child up to 1.5 years (or 2 or more children, but for no more than 6 years).
The period of serving a sentence in places of deprivation of liberty in the event of unjustified criminal prosecution.
Time spent by an able-bodied person caring for a disabled child, group I disabled person or person over 80 years of age.
Period of work abroad in consular offices and permanent missions Russian Federation abroad.

The above conditions are included in the length of service only if the able-bodied person worked before or after them. Otherwise, a person can only count on social benefits in old age. If the insurance and non-insurance periods coincide, then the pensioner has the right to choose which period suits him best.

Russian legislation provides for many different state guarantees for people of retirement age. Magnitude future pension depends on the number of years worked. What to do if you have no work experience? What will the pension be and is it possible to accrue it without length of service?

Types of pensions

In order to find out whether it is possible to calculate pension payments without length of service, you must first consider what types of pensions exist in the Russian Federation. Pension sharing:

insurance (accrued when a citizen worked officially; the amount of these payments depends on the total length of service);
social (accrued according to old age in cases where there is no work experience).

How long must the work experience be to qualify for a pension? In the first case - at least 7 years, in the second its presence is not necessary.

General terms

To receive social benefits, you must:

be a citizen of the Russian Federation, have lived in Russia for at least 15 years, and have reached retirement age;
have a disability or be unable to work;
be a person supported by the state for the loss of a breadwinner.

Families (wives who did not remarry) of deceased military personnel.
Families of liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Families of deceased astronauts.

Age categories

Previously, we found out what length of service is needed for a pension and for which categories of citizens. But the calculation of payments also depends on the age of citizens:

Men - 65 years old, women - 60 years old, if you have a Russian Federation passport, a period of residence in the Russian Federation of at least 15 years, but no Russian citizenship.
Men - 55 years old, women - 50 years old, if they are indigenous people of the North living in their homeland.

Insurance experience

Before we talk in detail about what the pension will be if there is no work experience, let’s look at the concept of insurance length. This is the total period of any labor activity of a citizen, during which the employer paid for the employee insurance premiums. What periods are included in the insurance period:

The time when a person was officially employed or had his own business. During this period, insurance premiums must be paid to the Pension Fund.
Time of maternity leave and time to care for a child up to 1.5 years. The total amount of the entire period should not exceed 4.5 years.
The time when the citizen was temporarily disabled.
Time spent in the army.
A period of imprisonment due to unsubstantiated criminal charges and subsequent rehabilitation.
Period of stay at the employment center.
The period of performance of paid public works.
Days of moving to a permanent place of residence with employment in another city in the direction of the employment center.
A time for military wives and contract workers when they couldn’t get a job. The maximum established period is up to five years.
The period of caring for a disabled person of group 1, for elderly relatives over 80 years of age.
The length of time the wives or husbands of Russian diplomats lived abroad when they were unable to find employment.

In order for non-working periods to be included in the insurance period, the following conditions must be met:

there were working periods before the period of unemployment or informal employment;
after unemployment or informal employment there were working periods.

What is the length of service required to retire in in this case? At least five years.

Points

The individual pension coefficient is total points for all years of work. That is, all insurance periods are recalculated into points and summarized. In order to receive such a benefit, you must work a certain number of years with a salary, when the contributions paid exceed the level established by law.

Example: an employee has been working since 2010 for a salary of 100,000 rubles. in year. Over a five-year work experience, the employee received 10 points each year. In addition, he received 20 points from 2015 - 2017. The total amount of collected individual pension coefficients is: 7.39+7.83+8.26=23.48.

It is legally established that a minimum of 15 years of total experience is required. If the employee continues to work, then over the next 7 years he will accumulate another 77.4 points. Therefore, 107.44 points will be taken for calculation.

The IPC value is recalculated every year. This indicator depends on the level of wages and maximum accruals, which increase much faster. For example, 2015 increased the IPC by 14%, and wages by only 9%. Therefore, you probably shouldn’t hope that the state will “give” good pension, you need to think about other ways to save.

It is important to remember that the total number of points accumulated in one calendar year (in other words, the annual individual pension ratio) has some limitations. taking into account provision 4 to Federal Law-400 of 2016, maximum limit the annual coefficient is 7.83 points. And this indicator is relevant only for those persons who sent all insurance contributions to create the insurance part of their pension. And for those citizens who at the same time form and savings part payments, the maximum IPC level is 4.89 points.

Accrual principle

So, we found out what length of service is required to receive a pension, but in addition, in order to be able to receive these accruals, you need to score at least 30 points.

Every year the state passes laws that determine:

maximum earnings from which insurance deductions are made;
pension point price.

For example, in 2017, the maximum earnings for the year were 718 thousand rubles, therefore, per month - this is 59,833 rubles. If the payment amount is more than this amount, then no contribution is taken from the balance. Based on these data and the fact that the contribution rate is 16%, for the year it turns out to be 114,880 rubles.

1 pension point is equal to 1 minimum wage, with possible bonuses for deferment upon retirement. The maximum score is 10 per year.

Differences

Let's look at the main differences between insurance and social benefits:

Retirement age occurs earlier with insurance payments.
The amount of insurance payments is several times larger.
If the pensioner works, the labor pension is periodically recalculated.
Social benefits may be suspended or terminated.

If you have no experience

In 2017 the average size social payments amounted to 8,600 rubles. What pension without work experience will be next year, time will tell, but taking into account the fact that indexation occurs annually, it will increase slightly.

In order to receive social benefits upon reaching retirement age, you must not only reach the specified age, but also have at least five years of experience (labor or insurance) behind you.

If a citizen is provided with social benefits for old age, he will receive fixed cash payments every month, indexed annually.

What is the length of service for a pension for women? This indicator is no different from the male one, there are only concessions for age. As you know, women retire for five years before men. As for social benefits, Special attention military wives received. In their case, there is no need to rush into processing social benefits if they can prove that they were in a military unit for five years and were also on maternity leave. In addition, to obtain a more profitable pension, you need to have only six months of official employment behind you.

Documentation

The social pension is established by the pension fund at the citizen’s place of residence. If there is no work experience, what the pension will be depends on a number of factors discussed earlier. But first you need to collect and provide a number of documents:

Application for establishment of pension payments.
Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
SNILS.
A document that confirms the period of residence in the Russian Federation.
A document that confirms that a person belongs to the people of the North.

If a situation arises that, simultaneously with pension payments, it is necessary to establish payments for the loss of a breadwinner, the citizen must present the appropriate documents confirming these circumstances.

Accrual

If there is no work experience, we found out what the pension will be earlier. Now it’s worth talking about the calculation of these payments. At pension accruals a number of conditions are taken into account:

Payments are indexed every year. The coefficient is determined according to the increase in the cost of living.
In the Far North and in those areas that are equated to it, an additional coefficient has been introduced that applies to all types of pensions. If a citizen changes his place of residence, the old-age pension is recalculated.
If a citizen received disability payments, he cannot receive a social pension in smaller amounts.

Termination of payments. Changes

In some situations, a citizen may be deprived of social pension payments. Payments are terminated in the following cases:

when moving from the Russian Federation to permanent residence;
upon receipt of a second citizenship;
when starting work or resuming it;
if there is no demand Money within 6 months.

The peoples of the Far North cannot lose their social pension. What kind of work experience is required does not matter. And even if a citizen starts working, he still receives old-age payments.

If cash payments are not claimed for six months, the accrual of the pension is suspended for the same period.

Complete cancellation of the pension can only occur when the citizen has not applied for the renewal of payments.

Let's look at some of the changes that affected pension payments in 2017 and may occur in the future:

increasing the age for pensioners to 65 years and making it equal to given age both women and men;
increasing the required value of labor soot for public sector employees;
a unified social insurance tariff, which is determined based on the amount of wages;
cancel from legislative norms funded pension(to be able to independently decide if it is necessary);
reduction of indexation of payments;
exclusion of certain payments for working pensioners;
abolition of early retirement for employees in hazardous industries.

So, if there is no work experience, what will the pension be? According to the laws of the Russian Federation, it will be minimal, albeit with constant indexation.

Today's Russian legislation does not allow even those citizens who do not have work experience to remain without accruals. Therefore, when applying to a pension fund, it is possible to establish social pension payments in old age (of course, if the necessary conditions, mentioned earlier).

The pension reform encourages Russians to understand how length of service is taken into account when calculating pensions, what will happen if they do not work a certain minimum of years, and at the same time determine their chances of retiring early.

Types of experience

The work experience for calculating an old-age pension may include several different concepts depending on the:

Positions:
- State - time spent in the service of the state.
- Insurance (labor) - labor or other activity accompanied by regular contributions to the Pension Fund.
- Special - providing the opportunity to retire earlier deadline. Its peculiarity is working in industries that are harmful to health, in a debilitating climate, in areas with increased radioactivity.
Continuity:
- General, which includes all periods of labor activity (with regular payment of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund), regardless of the presence and duration of breaks.
- Continuous, implying the last time period during which the employee worked (in one or more organizations) without breaks (or their duration did not exceed those established by law).

Total length of service is the total duration of periods of work and other social useful activity until January 1, 2002.

Labor and insurance experience

A citizen’s work experience is the sum of periods of work at all places of work, periods of other socially useful activities and other periods specified in pension and labor legislation ( army service, maternity leave and etc.).

Reform pension system led to the emergence of a new concept - insurance experience. This is the total period of labor or other activity of a citizen during which insurance contributions were transferred to the Pension Fund of Russia.

Hence the interest in whether the pension depends on length of service or whether only the amount of insurance contributions is now taken into account.

Insurance amount pension benefit consists of the sum of a fixed payment and an insurance pension. The latter is determined by the individual number of pension points, depending both on the size of the salary and the period of its receipt - length of service.

The law also establishes a minimum insurance period that allows you to receive an old-age insurance pension.

Service and old age pension

How is length of service calculated?

Having determined whether the length of service affects the amount of the pension, we move on to the procedure for calculating the insurance period.

The insurance pension period, just like the previous work experience, is preserved for able-bodied citizens during special periods. Their list is written out in Art. 12 Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions” No. 400-FZ:

military or equivalent service;
periods of care for born children - no more than one and a half years for one child and no more than six years in total;
time spent caring for a disabled person of the first group, an elderly person (a person over 80 years of age) or a disabled child;
periods of being registered with the employment service and receiving unemployment benefits;
the period of residence of the wives of military personnel in areas where employment was impossible, as well as the spouses of diplomatic workers abroad;
the time of serving the sentence by persons brought to criminal liability unjustifiably.

Work experience before January 1, 2003 is confirmed by documents issued by employers, archival institutions and other organizations that have relevant information about the work and (or) activities of the citizen.

Such documents are a work book, certificates, written employment contracts and agreements with notes on their implementation, civil contracts, certificates about the period of payment of mandatory insurance contributions to the Social Protection Fund of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter referred to as the Fund) and about the amount of wages (income) from which these contributions were paid - in cases provided for by law.

Provided that contributions to the Pension Fund are paid not less than the minimum fixed amount, the following pension period is accrued:

individual entrepreneurs;
notaries, lawyers and other persons who provide themselves with work independently;
members of farms;
other citizens mentioned in Art. 13 Federal Law No. 400-FZ.

Work experience accumulated up to pension reform 2002, enrolled in total term pension length of service, and points for the specified period are calculated in the order of valorization (revaluation of value) of pension rights. The direct dependence of pensions on length of service is evident here as well.

The insurance period is calculated according to the calendar duration of periods of work or other activity, summing days into months and months into years. An exception is provided in two cases:

for seasonal workers in a number of industrial sectors;
for those working at water transport during navigation periods.

These citizens are credited with a full year of experience in calendar year, during which the work period falls.

Watch a video that will tell you how to calculate length of service and pension

Minimum experience

After we figured out that length of service matters when calculating a pension, let’s talk about how much full years you must have it to receive payments from the Pension Fund at retirement age.

Before the 2015 reform minimum experience to receive an insurance pension was 5 years.
Now this figure is increasing by one every year. In 2015 it reached 6 years, in 2016 – 7 years, in 2017 – 8 years.
The gradual increase will end in 2024, when the minimum length of service reaches 15 years.

Pension

There are two types of pension:

Insurance. Its value depends on the length of work experience.
Social. Accrued in case of absence or insufficient length of service.

Insurance

Officially employed citizens have the right to count on receiving an insurance pension. Currently, it is prescribed when women reach 55 and men reach 60 years of age. Early exit retirement is possible in case of dismissal due to staff reduction, if the employee has 20 years of experience - for women and 25 - for men. Its size increases according to the years worked. These also include certain periods of time when work activity was not carried out:

Important information

For each socially significant non-work period, a certain number of pension points is awarded. For example, a year of military service is worth 1.8 points. The same amount is estimated for a year of caring for a disabled child, a disabled person of the 1st group and the first healthy child. The second child will bring parents 3.6 points per year, the third and subsequent ones - 5.4 points.

Pregnancy and raising children. Each child is allocated 1.5 years (but not more than 6 years in total).
Compulsory service in the army, internal affairs bodies.
Job search (for persons registered with the Employment Service).
Public Works.
Serving time in prison (for persons who have undergone rehabilitation).
Caring for disabled people of group I, childhood, and people over 80 years old.

These deadlines are taken into account only if there was a period of work immediately before or after them.

Social

The social pension is designed to protect the interests of persons who, by virtue of their physical condition, heavy life situations or unofficial employment have not acquired the required length of experience. If there is no work experience, whether a pension is due depends on the following circumstances:

Having citizenship of the Russian Federation or living in the country for 15 years.
Turning 60 years old for women and 65 years old for men, with the exception of residents of the Far North. Due to the peculiarities of living in difficult climatic conditions, their retirement age is 50 years old for women, and 55 years old for men.

The pension in the absence of work experience is small, but is of interest to persons entitled to survivor benefits. In this case, it is possible to receive both types of payments, if the second is not related to social benefits and is assigned:

To the parents or spouse of a serviceman who died while participating in hostilities.
To family members who survived the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.
Relatives of the deceased astronaut.

Details about work experience and pensions are described in the video.

Size

How a pension is calculated if there is no work experience depends on the base rate, which is 3,626 rubles. However, it is subject to annual indexation, carried out in early April to take into account inflation and the cost of living. In 2019, when recalculating, a coefficient of 1.03 is used, bringing the pension amount to 8,600 rubles. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this coefficient (and, accordingly, minimum pension without work experience) has a higher value. But this advantage is lost if you move to another region.

The duration of work when paying funds to the Pension Fund does not affect the assignment of a pension. Only general experience is required and the requirements for it vary depending on the category of citizens and the type of pension received.

The size of pension payments cannot be lower than the subsistence level for pensioners. Whenever similar situation the missing amount is accrued as an additional benefit. The specific cost of living is set by regional authorities. In Moscow for 2016 it corresponds to 8528 rubles.
Pension benefits may be increased if:

presence of dependents;
reaching 80 years of age.

It is impossible to receive old age and disability pensions at the same time. The latter ceases to be paid from the date of retirement of the disabled person. If the pension amount is less than the disability benefit, the deficiency is compensated by additional payments.

Pension for years of service below the minimum

A citizen whose pension length is lower the required minimum, has the right to receive not an insurance pension, but a social pension, the amount of which is much lower.
If an insurance pension is assigned to men at 60 years old, and women at 55 years old, then the age limit for a social pension is exactly 5 years higher:

for women – 60 years;
for men – 65 years.

The amount of the social pension depends on the average salary in the subject of the federation where the elderly citizen lives.

Work experience after January 1, 2003 can be confirmed by individual (personalized) registration data in the state social insurance system. In particular, an extract from the individual personal account of the insured person, issued by the district departments of the Fund.

When assigning a pension to a specific person (if he is nominated for a pension in in the prescribed manner or a personal application for a pension), this extract is requested by the district (city) department (department) for labor, employment and social protection.

How does high length of service increase your pension?

Now let’s look at how work experience affects the size of the pension of a person who has worked not a small number of years, but a large one.
After reaching the minimum length of service pension capital, calculated in points, increases due to an additional coefficient.
The points on the account of a citizen who continues to work after reaching retirement age also grow faster.

Please note: in addition to the minimum, the law also provides for a maximum length of service that is taken into account when calculating a pension:

for women – 40 years;
for men – 45 years.

Working beyond this period will not increase your pension benefit.

Who is eligible to retire early?

Important information

The work book confirms work experience and is the main document. In the absence of it, as well as in cases where it contains incorrect and inaccurate information or there are no records about individual periods of work, certificates issued on the basis of orders, personal accounts, payroll statements and others can be accepted as confirmation of length of service. documents, written employment contracts and agreements with notes on their implementation.

Having covered the topic of how a pension depends on length of service, it remains to say under what conditions a working citizen has the right to retire early (a man under 60 or a woman under 55).

Reasons for early appointment old age pensions are written out in Ch. 6 Federal Law No. 400-FZ.

Receiving an early pension is provided for persons of two categories:

on the basis of labor output of a set duration - for healthcare workers, teachers, rescuers, miners, workers of fishing vessels, etc.;
By social reasons– visually impaired people and those injured during combat operations, mothers of many children, as well as persons with legally established work experience in the Far North or equivalent areas.

The “Northern” pension is due early:

at 50 years old for men / at 45 years old for women living in the Far North (FN) and having worked for 25/20 years as commercial hunters, fishermen, and reindeer herders;
at 50 years of age for women who have given birth to two or more children and have earned 12 years of experience in the RKS or 17 years in equivalent areas;
at 55/50 years old for men/women with a total experience of 25/20 years, of which 15 years have worked in the RKS or 20 in equivalent areas.

Also early retirement appointed by the Pension Fund at the suggestion of the employment service to persons pre-retirement age registered with it, no earlier than two years before retirement age (Article 32 of the Law “On Employment in the Russian Federation” No. 1032-1 of April 19, 1991).

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Work experience is the period when a person was engaged in official work. It is this concept that is taken into account when calculating sick leave benefits, vacation pay and pensions.

Reference. At the moment, there are several types of length of service, but pension payments are affected only by insurance and special work experience.

Is it necessary to receive social benefits?

In order for a person who has reached retirement age to receive benefits, he needs a minimum insurance period to be assigned, which must be at least 8 years (as of 2017).

The number of points that are awarded when paying contributions for an employee to the Pension Fund is also taken into account. The minimum value of the number of points gradually increases.

How are pension benefits calculated?

Required to receive such payments experience includes the duration of service official service, insurance part and special experience(Article 3 of Federal Law No. 400 of 2013). Insurance part represents the time when the Pension Fund received contributions for the employee.

And special experience includes time spent working in hazardous industries or working with special conditions. Moreover, in order for a special type of output to be accrued, you need to work in such an area for a certain number of years.

How many years of experience do you need to retire in Russia?

As of 2017, according to the new legislation, in order to be eligible for an old-age insurance pension, a citizen of the Russian Federation must have minimum insurance period of at least 8 years. It is worth noting that this indicator will increase by 1 value annually until 2024, that is, when it reaches 15 years.

In addition, on pension account a person must have required amount points. In 2017, this figure is 11.4. The minimum value also increases annually by 2.4 points. The growth of this criterion will stop in 2024, at around 30 points (Federal Law No. 400).

How does work activity affect the amount of benefits?

The amount of pension payments directly depends on the duration of the official work activity person. That is, than more years transfers were made for the employee, and the greater their value, the a large amount the person will receive after retirement.

Reference. To receive payments, a citizen must reach a certain age: 55 years for women and 60 years for men.

If a person who has reached the age criteria has not retired, then for each year worked he is accrued a certain coefficient.

Such coefficients increase both the value of the fixed payment and the amount of the insurance part of the benefit. For example, according to average indicators, if a person worked for another 5 years after retirement age, then the amount of his payments may be higher by approximately 35 - 45%.

General procedure for registration

A person who has reached retirement age or is retiring after service, To receive a pension, you must apply to the Pension Fund at your place of residence. Russian citizens can apply to the Pension Fund at their place of actual residence.

IN necessary set documents include a passport and documents that can confirm the duration of official employment. Such important papers include the original and a copy of the work book, as well as the pension insurance certificate. In some cases, in order to apply for a pension, you must also provide Pension Fund certificates From the job.

Such certificates must indicate:

An example of a document in the photo below:

In addition, the fund must include a certificate of average wages until 2012 for 60 consecutive months. The application can be filled out right on the spot or in advance by downloading it from the official website of the fund. A citizen can write a retirement application and receive payments a month before reaching retirement age or at any time after reaching it.

Important! Sometimes, fund employees may request additional documents. In this case, they immediately accept the application and give the applicant a three-month period to collect necessary papers. If during this time the citizen does not bring the missing documents, then all certificates must be collected again.

If he meets the deadline, the pension will be considered issued on the day of the first application. An application from a citizen of the Russian Federation to receive a pension should be considered no more than 10 working days.

What can you count on if you lack experience?

As mentioned above, an insurance pension is accrued only if a person has accumulated a minimum length of service and a minimum number of points. But what can people count on who have not accumulated the required amount of insurance experience?

In this case, they cannot count on an insurance pension, but they so-called social pension payments may be paid. But the social pension is assigned from the age of 60 for women and from the age of 65 for men.

Attention! The missing number of years of work experience can be completed after reaching retirement age. Moreover, the value of the required minimum length of service is fixed in the year in which the person reached retirement age.

That is, if a man turned 60 in 2017, then the minimum length of service for him is 8 years, regardless of what this figure will be in the year when he actually retires. It should also be taken into account that the length of service includes maternity leave for child care for women and time of service in the armed forces for men (Article 12 of Federal Law No. 400).

Has work experience great importance for pension payments. Therefore, it will be useful for each person to know how many years he needs to work in order to be able to receive insurance benefits.