condition during pregnancy. Emotional palette of pregnant women

Each woman differently accepts the child growing in her. And, at the same time, a woman accepts each child differently. Pregnancy for pregnancy is not necessary even for the same mother. We are changing, the perception of the world around us is changing, the world itself is changing. Therefore, every time we are different, and different children we give birth to.

Of course, everyone knows that pregnancy must be spent contemplating the beautiful, thinking about the eternal, in peace and joy. But does any of us succeed? modern women? We are living people, we are overwhelmed with emotions, we are overwhelmed with feelings, and we cannot have an ideal pregnancy in an imperfect world. The question is how to relate to these experiences! If it's just emotional instability pregnant, it is best to treat her with humor.

Start over.

For the health of the unborn child, the mother needs positive emotions and the absence of stress. Then what is needed to make a pregnant woman laugh and rejoice?

Basically, nothing special:

remind her husband a couple of times a day that he loves her,

that he also loves his child - to show interest in the lifestyle of his pregnant wife (which means taking responsibility for walks before bedtime, evening massages, freshly squeezed juice in the morning, nuts and fruits in a vase on the table and attending classes together in a swimming pool)

But what is most terrible - in order for a pregnant woman to burst into tears and fill with tears all the surrounding hollows and hollows, nothing special is needed either!

It is quite normal for a pregnant woman to boil over nothing, cry for the same reason and laugh the same way - not seeing anything funny.

What should men do if all their efforts and worries lead to the opposite results?

It would be completely wrong to be offended and go with friends to drink beer. It is necessary to treat your wife like a child, comforting which is almost impossible, but necessary. In no case should you torment a woman with the question: “Darling, what happened?”

Yes, nothing happened! There is no answer to this question while waiting for the baby!

It's ok for physiological pregnancy! After a certain period of time, she will throw herself on your neck with the assurance that it is with you that she is infinitely happy.

But if there is no concern on your part, then it will not rush. It's one thing to cry about nothing. And then, as if nothing had happened, ask: “Poor thing! You probably didn't get enough sleep today? Did you run for flowers, did you make juice? And it’s a completely different thing, when a tear rolled down again, to think that no one gave flowers, squeezed juice - that means he doesn’t love me, and in general no one needs me, etc. And having wound yourself, and even not without a reason, to cry and cry forever.

You can joke about it. It is only necessary to remember that every tear brings suffering to your child, who lives inside with mother's emotions. And if we also take into account that his heart beats 2 times faster than ours, then he lives in his dimension for a much longer period of time in tears than we are here, outside.

I will give examples of real family situations where wise dads diverted streams of tears from their future children with thoughtful and beautiful deeds. You can’t call them indifferent husbands!

Remember the fairy tale about the ax that hung in the basement and scared the whole family with the possibility of falling on the head of the unborn child, when there was no pregnancy yet? The situation is one on one!

This all happened after a massive attack with massages, walks, flowers, etc. The reason was the TV. The program about the next hostilities made a strong impression on the expectant mother. With the words: “That’s how you give birth to a boy, and then he will be taken into the army, and he will end up in the war zone ... !!!” she gave herself up to sobs. All the assurances of the future father that he might not end up in this area, or maybe the girl would be born at all, did not lead to any result. The husband felt homesick, and it already began to seem to him that the ax would certainly fall on his head, when a minute later he heard a deep breath and an amazing phrase: “Oh, well, okay! Will you drink tea?" This was repeated several times. He realized that pregnancy is a diagnosis. However, the television was replaced by guitar songs, reading and discussion of carefully selected literature. After a while, he honestly admitted that there were fewer tears and life became easier.

The second situation was quite funny.

Coming from work future dad to the question: “Will you eat?” - answered that he had a snack at work, so he was not hungry. He did not expect the consequences. The range of accusations was too wide. He went from being bad husband he deliberately makes his wife laugh in front of the whole team when he eats before leaving home, to the point that he never loved her at all and did not want a child. Thinking about how to avoid a repetition of this, dad came to the conclusion that a joint dinner was necessary. And so that both sides were ready for him, he began to call back and find out the situation with neutral phrases: “Have you cooked dinner yet?” If the dinner was ready, he was full of praise, and if not, he said: “How good! And I just wanted to invite you to dine in one chic place!

Thank you from the bottom of my heart to such dads, who not only can console and reassure, but are even able to remove the reasons for tears! It just needs to be stated that dads who are expecting their first child are doing such things. When a woman is waiting for a second, etc. child, they still make fun of the emotional instability of pregnant women more than they help to cope with it.

Of course, we are women and we ourselves are already experienced and we understand what the state of pregnancy brings with it. We try our best to control ourselves. Tears are no longer shedding. But the fact of the matter is that they do not pour only from the outside. But from the inside they continue to disturb the child. Unfortunately, there are more significant reasons for this.

Rather, we acquire more solid skills in finding causes. It is already clear to ourselves that it is ridiculous to sob over trifles, but it is not possible to restrain sobs. Then an accusation is brought against the husband, more like not only good reason for tears, but also for a clear desire to ignite conflict and offend. After all, it is always clear that "... the least love goes to our most beloved people."

Men, God bless you! In this case, it is important to remember that this is the same "dinner" or "ax".

Only in subsequent pregnancies is it already more sophisticated. These are the same female hormones fireworks scattered over the body. Here you can only hope that you have accumulated wisdom, so as not only not to fall for the bait of discord yourself, but also to stop your wife. And then she immediately believes in what she says.

But now in your hands already emotional nutrition not just one child! This will also leave its mark on the elders. remember simple recommendations at the beginning of our conversation. Feel free to once again say that the whole family is loved by you. The same juices, massages, walks and flowers will help your wife to smile again, and your children to be carefree happy in a strong and loving family.

Happiness and smiles to you!

mood during pregnancy early dates can change like a sinusoid, from strong to weak, from joyful to depressed, from confidence to fear about the future. Big role changes in the body and the conditions of your life play in this.

Read in this article

Changes in the body and their effect on mood

Internal physiological changes accompanying the onset of pregnancy play a primary and key role. The restructuring of the body and the emotional state during early pregnancy are inseparable from each other:

• . Taste sensations change. As a result, the mood can also change. Some products (even previously loved ones) can be unbearable in taste, up to disgust. On the contrary, other foods will cause a passionate desire to eat them and as much as possible. You may also want to either not eat anything at all, or the feeling of hunger will haunt you all day long. In both cases, you should eat as recommended by your doctor - changes in mood and appetite in early pregnancy should not greatly affect the diet necessary for your health and the health of the baby.
• Restructuring in the central nervous system. The brain (or rather, its small but very important structural part - the hypothalamus) qualitatively and quantitatively controls the regulation of hormones. And hormones - mood, and quite long. It is impossible to regulate the work of the hypothalamus on your own, so you need to adapt and be prepared for the fact that the mood can change very much: from irritability and even anger to tears of happiness. An event and details that previously did not affect you can cause a very strong emotional reaction, and something that previously worried, disturbed or pleased you may no longer affect you. By the way, this may also apply to the perception of sounds, you may want to listen to certain music more often, or maybe it will be comfortable mainly in silence.
• Metamorphoses of smell. Closely associated with changes in the central nervous system. Formerly loved spirits can call in best case rejection and misunderstanding of how they could previously be used and admired. The same goes for food and cooking.

Smell is the strongest stimulant of memories and mood. If there have been changes in the perception of smells, you should surround yourself with those smells that cause, if not admiration, but at least a neutral attitude. Buy new perfumes, change something in the kitchen. You can’t ignore it: mood swings due to smell can be a cause of stress.

pathology in the mood

Far from always emotional swings and changes in mood can be explained solely by physiological reasons.

• Asthenia is a strong decline, weakness and general constant sleepiness. Those tasks and responsibilities that were previously easy to do, seem impossible. Possible pallor and circles under the eyes. Get over this state better rest and sleep, regular meals, walking on fresh air. The main thing is not to bother yourself with activities that require strong emotional or physical involvement, so as not to expend energy that should be spent on restoring a healthy state.
• Stress during pregnancy in the early stages is a normal and frequent occurrence, since pregnancy, although natural, is a very strong load. And you should organize your day so that pregnancy remains the only strong load. The severity of stress in each person is individual and does not change much over the course of life. If you feel stressed, you should either sleep or switch to a pleasant activity, such as a hobby. This will distract you, and pleasant and desirable activities in themselves are not sources of stress.
• Depression in early pregnancy is actually rare. More often, a depressive syndrome occurs after childbirth (the so-called postpartum depression).

Depression

A serious psychiatric diagnosis that is treated with medication: often requires the simultaneous intervention of both a psychiatrist and a psychologist.

What causes depression:

• depressed mood after waking from sleep. Often the mood improves significantly with the onset of the late evening;
• simultaneous feeling of irritability and weakness;
• the feeling that the world has lost its colors, everything may seem gray;
• reluctance and a feeling of physical impossibility to do something. Severely weakened will.
• regular self-deprecating thoughts (“I bad woman and mother”, “I do not deserve life on earth”, “My whole life is terrible and meaningless”);
• suicidal thoughts and plans;
• self-harm attempts.

The above signs are also typical for asthenia and for the usual. These are sufficient reasons to consult a specialist.

Depression is a disease that needs to be treated. If most of the symptoms described above have been observed for more than two weeks (or the last three have only made themselves felt), you should immediately contact a psychotherapist. If a woman has harmed herself or attempted suicide, immediate psychiatric help is needed.

How to deal with depression

We recommend that you accept changes in your mood as normal. Often self-acceptance the best medicine. A change in mood during pregnancy in the early stages is a normal and correct signal, indicating that the necessary restructuring of the body is taking place.

You should more often turn to what brings joy and satisfaction, which can distract from everything bad (for each woman, of course, this is individual): a walk in the fresh air, reading books, watching movies, going to the theater or museum, cooking, work ( working during pregnancy is not harmful, but it’s impossible to recycle, and if possible, if there is a choice between work and taking care of yourself and your health, you need to choose the second), hobbies and hobbies (moreover, new hobbies may appear during this period), (which , of course, cannot and should not replace everything). Some women sexual desire fades away in the early stages, and even for the entire period of pregnancy; and for some, on the contrary, libido only intensifies. If you are concerned about this issue, then talk to your doctor, almost always sex during pregnancy is harmless and rather beneficial.

Professional help

Sometimes there may be a need for the help of specialists: an observing doctor or a psychologist.

You are not alone in your experiences, a change in mood during pregnancy in the early stages occurs to one degree or another in every woman. Accept your changes as normal and natural. Do not self-diagnose - if you have doubts about your health or emotional state, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Watch your diet and sleep patterns. Try to be in such conditions in which the mood, if it changes, is only for the better.

Before using any drugs, be sure to consult your doctor if there are any contraindications. You should not self-medicate!

Introduction

Chapter 1. Emotional condition women during pregnancy

1.1 Pregnancy and its impact on a woman's emotional state

1.2 The concept of neuropsychic stability

1.3 The concept of anxiety. Causes of women's anxiety during pregnancy

Chapter 2 Research Methods emotional sphere women during pregnancy

Chapter 3

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Application

Introduction

Peculiarities mental state women during pregnancy have attracted the attention of specialists for many years. At the same time, both the emotionally negative role of pregnancy and the positive one are noted. ABOUT favorable influence Hippocrates wrote about pregnancy.

During pregnancy, a woman's psyche changes, her attitude towards others, a pregnant woman reacts in a special way to external and internal stimuli. The psyche of a pregnant woman is filled with her own own feelings, it affects the function of the neurohumoral system, neurotrophic metabolism, as well as the synthesis of enzymes and other biochemical parameters. To a large extent, the reactivity of the whole organism of a woman changes, including the mental form.

Like all times of intense change, pregnancy presents us with new, sometimes quite difficult challenges. The very fact of its onset often makes you experience a whole storm of emotions, which is difficult to understand. Emotions come completely different, contradictory, even if a woman planned a pregnancy, anticipated and waited. Often in the representation of pregnancy is happy time, devoid of worries and problems, but in reality it turns out that along with its onset and quivering joy comes anxiety, fear of changing life, relationships in the family and with her husband, regret about something unfinished. At the same time, the woman continues to live her life, full of different experiences, problems. The situation may look even more difficult when the pregnancy is unexpected, and the family situation is not as stable as it could be. From the point of view of physiology, the beginning of pregnancy is also a difficult time: a powerful hormonal restructuring takes place in the woman’s body, the rate of formation and development of the child is very high, all this affects the well-being of the expectant mother

The problem of motherhood and, in particular, such milestone preparation for motherhood as pregnancy in the scientific literature is not very fully represented, attention has been paid to it only in the last decade and consideration of this problem can be found in a limited number of authors (Filippova G.G., Meshcheryakova, S.Yu., Brutman V.I. , L. Stone, L. De Maus, E. Shorter, D. Pollock, F. Aries, J. Kagan, M. S. Radionova, E. Badinter, V. A. Wagner, N. A. Tikh, E. Erickson, D. Winnicott, M. Mahler.)

Would like to note relevance studying the problem of changes in the emotional sphere of a woman during pregnancy.

Hypothesis of our study: the emotional sphere of a pregnant woman is characterized by emotional instability, increased anxiety.

aim Our study is to study the characteristics of the emotional state of women during pregnancy.

object studies are women different ages during pregnancy.

Subject of study- features of the emotional sphere of a pregnant woman.

To achieve the goal of the study, we set the following tasks:

1. study the literature on the problem of the emotional sphere of a pregnant woman

2. to study the level of neuropsychic stability and the level of anxiety of pregnant women and women who are not pregnant.

3. to analyze the relationship of neuropsychic stability and the level of anxiety with future motherhood.

To achieve our goals, we used the following methods:

1. From the organizational level, they chose the comparative method, since they compared anxiety and neuropsychic stability of pregnant women and women who are not pregnant.

2. From empirical methods, we used the method of determining the level of "neuropsychic stability" and "anxiety level" by J. Taylor

3. for mathematical data processing, the U - Mann-Whitney test was used

The study of pregnant women was conducted on the basis of maternity hospital No. 7.

The study was carried out in individual form. The study involved 15 pregnant women (ages 18 to 39) and 15 women who are not pregnant (ages 18 to 40).

Chapter 1: The emotional state of women during pregnancy: theoretical approaches to the problem

1.1 Pregnancy and its impact on the emotional state of women

Pregnancy is a very special time constant change, transformations. The process of development and growth of the child takes place in the mother's uterus, and the woman herself changes during pregnancy and childbirth - she becomes a mother, comprehends her female destiny. This process of transition to motherhood takes place at all levels: physical, mental, emotional, the body and soul of a woman is transformed. The hormonal background of pregnancy can lead to frequent shifts mood, increased anxiety, changes in libido, fatigue and tearfulness, to other unexpected emotional changes. Sometimes quite a lot of tests delivers to a woman her general life situation. All this that happens inside and around a pregnant woman often requires a lot of effort from her. At this time, the quality and sufficiency of the support that a woman receives is very important, it may turn out to be in demand professional help a psychologist, a midwife or an experienced woman who has had the experience of bearing and giving birth to a child.

The study of the psychological state of women during childbearing (V.I. Brutman, A.Ya. Varga, M.S. Radionova, G.G. Filippova, I.Yu. Khamitova and others) suggests that pregnancy has its own , its inherent dynamics of exacerbation and weakening of a woman's problems. In the first trimester, problems with one's own mother and other objects of affection, problems of relations with her husband are actualized, and acutely experienced. In the second and third trimesters, a pronounced avoidance of negative emotions appears, the problems of the first trimester are clearly weakened, the fear of childbirth and incompetence in the postpartum period become relevant. At the beginning of the third trimester, the “nest arrangement syndrome” is expressed, which manifests itself in an increase in activity, the desire to streamline existing problems. The direction of activity during this period is to prepare for childbirth and postpartum period correlates with favorable dynamics of the course of pregnancy and the value of the child, activity not related to the child - with unfavorable dynamics. By the end of pregnancy, the fear of childbirth, their incompetence, are most often weakened, and the tension of all other problems is reduced. The reverse situation reflects the pronounced unfavorable dynamics of the experience of pregnancy and the value of the child.

The crisis of the first pregnancy at the subjective level may be accompanied by negative emotional states. These include irritability, emotional instability, special sensitivity to stressful factors, ambiguity of life prospects, a feeling of loneliness. Faced with this crisis, often a woman tries not to notice how her life situation has changed, although at the same time she may feel unhappy, depressed and disappointed. Complete absence negative emotions, the serene experience of pregnancy may be a symptom of the abandonment of efforts to overcome the crisis. Women who ignored difficulties by exaggerating positive feelings during pregnancy subsequently did not believe in themselves as a mother, they worsened marital relations, labor was more difficult, they were more negative about breastfeeding, their children were less developed than others.

The change in the self-consciousness of a woman is largely due to the action of evolutionarily developed biological mechanisms for the formation maternal attitude to the child (attachment). An important role in the formation of attachment in the mother plays special role"paraceptive" experience (i.e., the experience associated with the mother's sensation of the movements of the fetus, causing the expectant mother to feel "affinity" with own child). (basics of family psychology and family counseling)

Considering pregnancy, we can highlight the main distinguishing characteristics of this period. In our opinion, the changes affect three levels human life: physiological, psychophysiological and psychological. Consider the psychological level of change.

Psychological changes during pregnancy are manifested in the so-called pregnancy syndrome. In relation to pregnancy, the syndrome is a new psychogenic state, limited to a certain period of time, which does not begin on the day of conception, but when the woman realizes her new position and ends not in childbirth, but at the moment of pygmalionization of her child. The pregnancy syndrome is experienced by a woman at an unconscious level, has certain time limits and is characterized by the following symptoms

At the first stage, the affect of awareness of being pregnant is most often experienced. Within the framework of this symptom, as a rule, the following difference appears: the higher the social and intellectual level of a pregnant woman, the more independent and professionally successful she is, the more questions about the meaning of childbearing she will put before herself, the more difficult it will be for her to decide to become a mother.

The next stage in the development of the pregnancy syndrome is the reflexive acceptance of a new self-image: "I am in a position." This stage is characterized by the recognition physiological changes in your body. The actual biological and neuroendocrine changes that accompany pregnancy can have profound psychological impact for expectant mothers.

Almost a joke: “After the first pregnancy, my brain did not recover, and now, when new belly is growing, my stupidity has reached its apex. Yesterday, going to the pharmacy, she demanded two kilograms of cucumbers. To the confused young saleswoman in response: “We don’t have cucumbers ...” she grumpily and loudly asked: “Well, at least give me tomatoes?” The people in line behind me were convulsing with laughter.” Taken from the women's forum on the Internet.

Indeed, during pregnancy, the psyche changes so much that a woman can ask for cucumbers in a pharmacy?

Can a man understand a pregnant woman?

I went to the chief doctor of the city maternity hospital for a consultation. General medical experience of 22 years. During this time I observed various pregnant women. And balanced, and not very.
- Psychological condition women are changing, that's for sure, - says Vasily. - During pregnancy, a woman is easily offended. And on the little things. For what in normal condition would not pay attention. He reacts painfully to insult. Like crying for no reason. Moments of uplift and joy often alternate with depression.
Emotional imbalance is due to changes in the hormonal state. And pregnancy is not a disease, it is physiological state.

How to calm the nerves of a pregnant woman?

You can drink valerian or "Fitosed" (collection of herbs, has a calming effect). But first of all, the mind must be included. A woman should know that during pregnancy it is impossible to react strongly: neither be upset, nor rejoice. In stressful conditions, adrenaline (the hormone of the adrenal medulla) is released. It causes uterine contractions. And this is a threat of miscarriage. arose unpleasant situation? Better turn around and leave. And don't let it through.
Men should be aware of changes in the psyche of pregnant women. And treat them kindly. Explain, talk. If she loves, wear it on her hands during pregnancy.

- Pregnancy for a woman is like an army for a man.
Time stretches endlessly, you get dumber, get fatter, you always want to sleep and eat. (Not always! Not everyone, - Ed.). I want something salty, sometimes sweet, sometimes herring, sometimes sour cream. Well, why not a deviation in the psyche?
- During pregnancy, you can only citrus fruits and chocolate, they cause allergies. By thirty weeks, we do not limit our patients by the amount of food. But after 30 weeks, you need to restrain yourself. Include all willpower. The maximum you can gain is 12 kilograms. Let's calculate: a child - let's say three and a half kilograms, blood (additional, which circulates in the body of a pregnant woman) - three and a half, placenta - from about 900 grams to 1200 grams, about amniotic fluid. It happens that a woman gains both 15 and 20 kilograms. It too. It's hard to lose weight afterwards. Better not get better. If a woman eats a little, the child will still take everything that she needs for the body. Received through the blood. In the hungry besieged Leningrad, thin, emaciated women gave birth healthy children weighing three to three and a half kilograms.

- What are the other features of the change in the psyche of women in demolition?
- In pregnant women, the instinct of self-preservation is aggravated, they want to protect themselves, their child, which they experience in the womb. They develop compassion and love for other children.
A woman begins to think mainly about pregnancy. Pays less attention to the man. A woman has a maternal instinct, a man does not have such an instinct.
A man sees his wife's indifference. And even begins to be jealous of children. This may provoke family conflicts. How to avoid them? Trying to understand a woman!

To feel the state of a pregnant woman, men are jokingly advised to tie sandbags to their feet. First a kilogram, and then two!
- Pregnant women, indeed, have very heavy legs, - Vasily explains. - Especially in the evening. After all, the volume of blood circulating in the body of a pregnant woman doubles or even two and a half times. Can you imagine the load on the body? Legs are swollen. A man will not feel this (without pouches. - Auth.).
How can a pregnant woman avoid edema? Wear comfortable shoes. Don't stand in one place for a long time. Do not overwork, rest with raised legs. Eat less salt.

Another of the playful tips for a man is to tie a mattress with water in front of his stomach. When dressing, putting on shoes, do not untie the mattress. Sleep with a mattress too, on your side.
- In the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), you can even sleep on your stomach, - the specialist clarifies. - In the second and third trimesters - on the side. Hands, feet can be put anywhere. Sleeping on your back is not recommended. Because it is possible to transfer large abdominal vessels. They are located behind the uterus. Clamping of blood vessels can cause a threat of termination of pregnancy.
To better understand a pregnant woman, chief physician maternity hospital advises men: participate in partner births. With women, they gave birth, there were mothers, older sisters, and most of all - beloved men.
- They supported during fights, - Vasily tells. - Some remained in the delivery room at birth. Some came out during childbirth. In the delivery room - sofa. You can relax and drink tea.

When our men during partner births hand out scissors? When will the father himself be able to cut the umbilical cord?
So far, none of the parents have shown such a desire. And we didn't offer. Childbirth is stressful situation. One will behave adequately, the other, we assume, will not.