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Iraq (Kurdistan): public holidays, bank holidays, school holidays. Iran (Islamic Republic of): public holidays, bank holidays, school holidays

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On December 9, the Prime Minister, Supreme Commander Heydar al-Abadi announced the complete and final victory over the Islamic State (1) in Iraq and the restoration of control over the border with Syria. A day later, a military parade was held in Baghdad, and December 10 has now been declared an annual national holiday. The jubilation of the Baghdad authorities is understandable - the army was rehabilitated after the disgrace of 2014, when six deployed divisions fled in panic, abandoning equipment and weapons, and the threat of capturing the capital of the country was real ...

Now in Iraq they do not like to remember this, just as it is not customary to say that a civil war is going on in the country (like in Syria). On opposite sides of the barricades were, moreover, forcedly, the inhabitants of one country, and the number of alien "warriors of Islam" is only a small fraction. The bogey of ISIS is convenient for those who are interested in the chaos continuing, but being manageable, that is, contributing to the achievement of completely different goals. At the same time, the beneficiaries are located far from the place of events.

Speaking on the occasion of the "historic victory", H. al-Abadi said a lot of toasts to the glory of the Iraqi army, special services, police, paying special attention to the contribution of the Shiite "people's militia" fighters to the defeat of the enemy, but never mentioned the role of the Kurdish peshmerga formations. This fact was perceived with particular resentment in Iraqi Kurdistan, and not without reason - the Kurds played a crucial role in repelling the onslaught of the attackers and did a lot to ensure that the Baghdad regime withstood the then critical situation.

In Baghdad, quite deliberately, they want to "put in their place" the Iraqi Kurds, who staged an independence referendum at the end of September and came out in favor of expanding their rights. In response, harsh economic sanctions were imposed, and in mid-October a military operation was carried out, as a result of which Baghdad regained control of all disputed territories, including the strategically important oil fields in the Kirkuk region. The success of the action was largely predetermined by the coordinated actions of Turkey and Iran, which are extremely worried about the prospect of Kurdish independence due to the fact that they have the same problem on their territory. The results of the referendum showed the desire of the Kurds to gain independence, but then their unwillingness to bear the burden of their own statehood was revealed. Today, the situation in Iraqi Kurdistan is tense to the limit.

Baghdad has previously kept its autonomy on a starvation ration, not fulfilling its own legislative obligations, and now it is not without pleasure that they resort to collective punishment of the Kurds with economic measures. When H. al-Abadi told the Kurds: "The question of the referendum is closed and left in the past" and added a direct threat: "You will lose everything!", he was not bluffing. All calls for a dialogue with Erbil, for a compromise are now considered in Baghdad solely from the standpoint of diktat and coercive measures. The simplest and most effective way was blockade.

On September 29, the federal government imposed a ban on international flights at the airports of the autonomy of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah. The ban is still in effect - even humanitarian supplies are allowed only with the personal permission of the Prime Minister of Iraq. Sulaymaniyah airport director Tahir Abdellah says: "There is no hope of opening our airports in the near future." Meanwhile, there were reports in the media about the intention of the Iraqi federal authorities to create an international airport in Kirkuk, and to use the airports of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah only for domestic flights.

The air embargo is costing Iraqi Kurdistan almost half a million dollars a day, but that's nothing compared to the losses from exporting oil from fields that have come under central control and cutting federal funding. The crisis affected very quickly: due to a lack of money, a month later, the Kurdistan authorities began to cut salaries, and then completely stopped payments. Shops began to close one after another, the standard of living began to plummet, and on December 17, mass protests began in the autonomy against the lack of wages and services.

Unrest swept many Kurdish cities: Suleimaniya, Halabja, Ranni and others. The demonstrators set fire to government buildings, smashed the offices of political parties, not only the ruling Democratic Party of Kurdistan, but also others. The security forces were forced to open warning fire and use special equipment, and a state of emergency was introduced in the city of Kifri. The reaction from Baghdad was Jesuitical: Prime Minister H. al-Abadi called on the Kurdistan authorities to "respect peaceful demonstrations" and declared that he rejected any measures that deprive the protesters of their "constitutional right to freedom of speech and peaceful protest." At the same time, the head of the Cabinet of Ministers stressed that the government will not be able to provide salaries to civil servants of the Kurdistan region in full, since the information received from Erbil does not seem reliable to Baghdad. In the draft Iraqi budget for 2018, which is currently under consideration by the parliament, the deductions of the autonomy are also significantly reduced.

On December 16, a statement was released by Iraq's top Shia religious leader, Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, calling on the government to "avoid past mistakes" and focus on the next phase - rebuilding war-ravaged areas, returning refugees and displaced persons, fighting corruption, which is no less important to the fight against IS, if not more important. A member of the anti-corruption committee in the Iraqi parliament, Ardalan Nuraddin, admitted that Iraq is the most corrupt country after Sudan, and the level of corruption in the country cannot be measured. Corruption in Iraq has already crossed a red line, he said, especially during Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's tenure. The situation has not improved under the current government: the legislator claims that there are reports of 40,000 cases of corruption involving high-ranking officials, and all al-Abadi's statements about combating this phenomenon are nothing more than comments for the media. According to the deputy, huge sums were stolen in the oil sector and in arms deals.

Against this backdrop, a group of Shiite MPs in Iraq's parliament decided in early December to return to what they saw as the most pressing issue - considering amendments to the Personal Status Law, which defines the provisions governing marriage. The amendments effectively legalize marital rape (a husband has the right to have sex with his wife even if she does not want to), contain a ban on women leaving the house without the permission of a spouse, and in the event of a divorce, all children over two years old automatically go under the guardianship of the father. The most outrageous provisions relate to changing the age of marriage - it is proposed to reduce it for boys to 15 years old, and for girls, or rather girls, to 9 years old!

The first attempt to introduce such a norm was made back in 2003, a couple of months after the American occupation, but then this initiative was blocked by the Paul Bremer administration, which considered it too democratic. The next time the topic arose during the 2014 parliamentary elections; the adoption of such amendments was one of the campaign promises of the then Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, the government approved the bill, and the matter remained with the parliament. The maps were confused by the start of a large-scale civil war, when parliamentarians rushed to buy property abroad and pack their bags. Now, in their opinion, the threat has passed, and the time has come for a final consideration of this vital topic.

The argument of the supporters of the amendments is simple: Aisha, one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, was betrothed to him at the age of 6, and married at the age of 9. The enlightened part of Iraqi society is protesting, the UN noted that these changes in legal norms may lead to violations by Iraq of its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Various non-governmental and human rights organizations made quite harsh appeals, but criticism had no effect: if in 2014 the press secretary of the Ministry of Justice (it was it that introduced the project) said: “There are people who do not like this law, but we don’t give a damn about them, because they are opponents of Islam,” now the supporters of the amendments have a new trump card: “We are not interested in the opinion about the institution of the family from countries where same-sex marriages are approved at the legislative level.”

1) The organization is prohibited in Russia.

German national holiday since 1990, is celebrated in accordance with the German Unification Treaty on October 3, the day the GDR joins the Federal Republic of Germany, informs "vedmochka.net". It is a non-working day. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the "Day of German Unity" was introduced in 1954 to commemorate the events of June 17, 1953 in the GDR and was celebrated on June 17 from 1954 to 1990. After the unification of the country in 1990, the national holiday of the united country was first supposed to be moved to November 9 - the day the Berlin Wall fell. However, since this day was associated with dark periods in the history of Germany (the beer putsch in 1923 and the November pogroms of 1938), a different date was chosen for the new public holiday - October 3, 1990 - the day of the final unification of the two German states.

The date of October 3 was enshrined in Article 2 of the German Unification Treaty of August 31, 1990 as the new date for the celebration of the "Day of German Unity". Today, October 3rd is the only public holiday in Germany established at the federal level. All other holidays are regulated by the Länder.

Holiday in the Republic of Korea October 3, 2017 — State formation day. The national holiday of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is National Foundation Day (Gaecheonjeol), celebrated on October 3rd. It was established to commemorate the founding of the first Korean kingdom of Gojoseon (ancient Joseon). Gojoseon is considered the first Korean state entity. Its legendary founder is Tangun Wangom. According to the chronicle "Samguk Yusa", in 2333 BC. e. he founded a kingdom on the banks of the Taedong and Liaohe rivers. The founding date of ancient Joseon is doubted by most modern scholars, but it is known for sure that it existed until 108 BC. e. As the State Foundation Day, it is not the actual anniversary of the founding of Joseon, but the day when, according to legend, the father of Tangun Wangom, the son of the king of heaven, descended to Earth to live with people.

In 1909, this day acquired the status of a national holiday. It was originally celebrated on the third day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, but in 1949 it was decided to celebrate it on October 3rd of the Gregorian calendar. This holiday is also celebrated in North Korea, but it does not have a state status. On this day, a ceremony is held at the Tangun mausoleum near the capital of the DPRK, Pyongyang.

Holiday in Iraq October 3, 2017 — Independence Day. Iraqi Independence Day is celebrated annually on October 3rd. This national holiday was established in memory of the fact that on this day in 1932 Iraq gained independence from Britain. The territory of present-day Iraq has been under the rule of various invaders for centuries: for example, in 1258 it was captured by the Mongols, and in 1534 by the Ottoman Turks. Since Baghdad was quite remote from the capital of the Ottoman Empire, the real power here was usually in the hands of the governors. During World War I, southern Iraq was invaded by Great Britain. By 1918, the British had gained control of the entire territory of Iraq. Finally, its colonial status was approved by the League of Nations at a conference in San Remo: in 1920, Great Britain received a mandate to govern Iraq. In 1921, the Kingdom of Iraq was formed, headed by Emir Faisal from the Hashemite dynasty.

A constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament was established in the kingdom, but in fact all the real levers of power remained with the UK. On October 3, 1932, the formal independence of Iraq from Great Britain was declared. This date is celebrated in Iraq as Independence Day - one of the main national holidays of the state.

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