The child hit his head with a big bump on his forehead. The child fell and hit his forehead

Both bumps and bruises that occur after a blow are hematomas. They appear on those areas where there is a bone under the skin: on the forehead, knees, on the nose. The fact is that there are many blood vessels, and when they are damaged, blood flows under the skin. And as a result, a hematoma is formed, which looks like a voluminous bump.

Photo 1. A bump from a blow is not a reason to panic. Source: Flickr (duhe).

What to do if a child has a lump

First of all, parents need to remain calm, because their condition is quickly transmitted to the child: if the mother is scared, the baby will be scared too. Next, you need to provide first aid.

Necessary apply a cold compress. Cold will cause vasospasm and stop subcutaneous bleeding. This will slow down the formation of a hematoma, prevent it from becoming voluminous and reduce pain. The compress is made from ice, frozen foods, or simply applied to the cone with a cloth soaked in cold water. But the ice should not directly touch the skin, it must be wrapped in something. The compress is kept for at least 10 minutes.

child after injury can't sleep for a couple of hours so that you can notice dangerous symptoms that do not appear immediately, and the first night it is important to check if everything is normal with coordination.

Note! If a lump on the forehead grows and does not disappear in a few days, this is an alarming sign and a reason to contact a pediatrician.

How to ease the pain

Cold compress- the first remedy that reduces pain after a bruise. But you can give a medicine containing paracetamol. It relieves pain, which is especially important when disinfecting a wound: in pain, a child may not allow it to be treated properly.

Can be applied to the bump ointments with analgesic effect, such as Fastum-gel. Or after a while, apply a cold compress again, also for 10-20 minutes.

When to see a doctor urgently

There are a number of signs that indicate a serious injury that requires immediate medical attention. And if the child has at least one of the listed symptoms, it is impossible to delay going to the hospital:

• tissues at the site of injury sink down, nausea, vomiting occurs, the baby is pale;
• lips become bluish, breathing becomes heavy;
• the child behaves unnaturally;
• convulsions and fainting appear;
• the size of the pupils becomes different, strabismus appears;
• the bump grows very quickly, the child has drowsiness and weakness;
• there is lethargy and disorientation, speech is disturbed;
• bleeding from the nose or ears;
• sharp pain with any attempt to move;
• no hematoma, but body temperature rises;
• the child cries for a long time and continuously;
• the presence of deep damage to the skin.

Many of these symptoms appear only on the next day after the stroke, so you need to carefully monitor the child at this time. And in no case should you leave him alone during this period.

Note! Infants, even after a minor head injury, should be carried to a neurologist or surgeon, since their skull is at the stage of formation, and any injuries can be dangerous.

Treatment of bumps on the forehead of a child

Among the pharmaceutical remedies for bumps will help, which dissolve swelling.

Pharmacy funds

Very effective in treating bumps and bodyaga These are medicines that have been tested for years. You can buy creams or lotions based on badyagi. Heparin ointment fights inflammation and the effects of subcutaneous bleeding.

Compresses and folk remedies

Compresses help a lot. First of all, of course, from ice, but you can try others:

• potato compress when the potato tuber is carefully rubbed on a grater, wrapped in cloth and applied to the cone;
• cabbage compress, which is made from chopped cabbage leaves boiled in milk;
• lotions from sea ​​salt solution- they are impregnated with pieces of fabric and applied to the bump for 5 minutes (the solution should be cold);
• badyagi compress, helping not only immediately after the bruise, but throughout the day.

Out of the bumps effective plantain, because it relieves pain and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is necessary to apply a fresh leaf, or crushed in the form of a compress.

Can be used herbal arnica ointment, lubricating the bruised area before going to bed. And a cabbage leaf, if simply applied to a bump, fights swelling very effectively. In addition, the iodine mesh also helps - it also dissolves the hematoma, but it is quickly erased, so it must be drawn every day.

Photo 2. Pharmaceutics offers a variety of means for resorption of hematomas.

On impact, especially with the head, a bump may appear. What to do in this case and when you need to go to the hospital.

Hitting his head hard on a hard surface, a person feels a sudden pain. It may not be felt for so long, but after the impact it can cause serious discomfort for much longer. Proven methods of traditional medicine and effective medications will help relieve puffiness and quickly get rid of unpleasant manifestations.

Symptoms of a bruise on different parts of the body can be qualitatively different. If the blow fell not on the head, but on another place, a bruise, a hematoma will appear, but the skin surface itself will remain even. A lump is formed on the head.

In general, when bruised, blood vessels are damaged and burst. Blood flows out of them. On all parts of the body, except for the head, it is absorbed into the subcutaneous layer of fiber, which leads to a characteristic change in the color of the skin in the bruised area, the appearance of a bruise. On the head, this layer of fiber is almost absent. There is nowhere for blood from burst vessels to be absorbed. It flows directly into the space between the scalp and the bones of the skull. A bump appears on the head. The more blood accumulated at the site of injury, the larger the size of the bump.

Actions to reduce and remove the consequences of an impact

The first necessary actions after a bruise, preventing the growth of the bump. At the first stage, it is important to stop the flow of blood from the vessels. To do this, it is necessary to achieve their narrowing. And you need to do this as quickly as possible. Therefore, first aid is to provide exposure to cold at the site of impact.

A rag soaked in cold water can be a suitable object. It should be applied for a few minutes before it warms up. As needed, it is necessary to replace the warm lotion with a cold one.

You can use what's in the fridge. It could be ice. You can put it in a plastic bag. The bag should be wrapped in a cloth and applied to the bruise. In order to avoid hypothermia, as a result of which complications and illness may occur, it is necessary to make applications at time intervals.

In addition to ice, there may be some frozen food in the refrigerator, such as meat. It can also be put in a bag, wrapped in a cloth or towel, and applied to the bump. If you have a cold drink bottle, that might also come in handy.

However, cold objects may not be nearby. For example, the following situation may happen: a man hit his head, a bump appeared, what to do if there is no way to apply cold?

In this case, vegetable oil can be of great help. It is necessary to carefully soak a piece of gauze or cotton wool with it and cover the bruised place for 30-35 minutes. The redness that appears after such a compress should pass, and the bump may not appear at all.

Next steps for injury

If for the first time in a day the most correct and effective method is exposure to cold, then after this time the actions should be aimed at gently warming up the impact site. Heat will help get rid of swelling, relieve swelling, as a result of which the bump will resolve and disappear.

Salt keeps warm for a long time. Wrapping it in a not very dense fabric, you need to keep the compress on the sore spot. A boiled egg will also stay warm for a long time and can be used for application.

Plants that help with bruises

Cabbage

It is an excellent remedy to help with swelling and bloating after an impact. First, its fresh leaves should be crushed. It is best to use a meat grinder for this. The resulting mass must be placed in a small amount of milk and boiled a little. Then, you should take out the cabbage on a napkin and apply the resulting warm healing compress to the bump for 1 hour. Then the damaged area must be washed.

Thyme

This plant has healing and decongestant properties. Its other name is creeping thyme. Its leaves should be applied fresh to the place where the bump on the head is located after the blow. It is believed that the medicinal plant even helps to restore memory, if its decoction is used to wipe the head.

Sagebrush

In a situation of bruising, the juice of the plant effectively helps. To obtain it, the grass should be thoroughly rubbed. The released juice must then be carefully applied to the bruised area.

Oak bark and daisy flowers

From these components you need to make a powder. Its amount should be equal to one tablespoon. Then you need to prepare a rich composition by pouring the powder with a glass of boiling water. It is necessary to infuse the solution for half an hour. A piece of tissue soaked in the resulting liquid is applied to the site of injury and the effects of the blow disappear faster.

Medications to get rid of bumps

Gel "Troxevasin"

The remedy strengthens capillaries and vascular walls, has an effect against edema and inflammation that has appeared. The bump on the head is lubricated with gel in the morning and evening. In this case, the therapeutic agent is gently rubbed into the skin until absorbed.

Gel "Troxerutin"

Used to relieve swelling. Well absorbed through the top layer of the skin. The agent can be applied only in the absence of open damage and wounds. Gel-treated areas should be protected from direct sunlight.

Ointment "Heparin"

The tool promotes the resorption of blood clots and prevents the formation of new ones. Reduces pain. The ointment is applied in a thin layer in the morning, afternoon and evening until the symptoms of bruising disappear.

Gel "Rescuer"

Promotes active cell growth and rapid recovery of injured skin. Has antimicrobial activity. Absorbs quickly. It is applied during the day 1-2 times. Apply in a thin layer.

When to See a Doctor for a Head Bruise

If, with a bruise, the symptoms are only swelling of the bump and pain at the site of impact, which gradually subsides, then it is not necessary to go to the hospital, it is enough to use the remedies described above. But sometimes the situation can be much more serious. The affected person may experience not only a bump from a blow on the head, but also signs of a sharp deterioration in the condition as a result of a concussion, intracerebral bleeding, or a skull fracture. Immediate medical attention is absolutely essential.

Signs of such especially serious conditions of the affected person are

1. The appearance of open wounds and bleeding from them, which does not stop for more than 10 minutes.
2. Sensation of severe pain in the head and neck.
3. Increasing character of pain.
4. Simultaneously with severe pain, bouts of nausea are observed.
5. Blood or other fluid flows from the ears and nose.
6. An increase in body temperature to a value greater than 38 degrees.
7. Speech disorder.
8. Sensation of "floating" in the eyes, pupils of different sizes.
9. Confused consciousness.

With these signs, the victim must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible, and before the ambulance arrives, the person should be completely calm and carefully monitor his breathing and consciousness.

A bump from a blow to the head may appear to a lesser extent or not appear at all. It all depends on how quickly the situation is assessed and the necessary actions are taken to improve the condition of the injured person.

A bruise, abrasion, a bruise, a bump are the constant companions of a child who learns the world during the period of growing up. Most often, injuries that occur after a fall gradually disappear without a trace, but sometimes one cannot do without the participation of physicians.

The child fell, a bump on his forehead ─ what to do, how to provide first aid and when is it necessary to seek medical help? If the child hit his forehead, the bump is a consequence of swelling of the soft tissues of the bruised area. Most often it appears on the head.

From the bursting vessels, the injured tissues are filled with blood, forming a hematoma protruding above the skin. And the biggest bumps just grow on the forehead, because in this area there are many small blood vessels. A quick and competent reaction of adults instead of panic will help speed up the recovery process.

Treatment

If, falling or hitting the sharp corner of the furniture, the child stuffed a bump on the forehead or other part of the head, in order to reduce swelling, urgent preventive measures must be taken.

1. First of all, it's important keep calm, because the mother’s too emotional state is immediately transmitted to the child, and then it will be difficult to calm him down.
2. If a child has a bump on his forehead, abrasions bleed from a blow on the skin, there is a wound with torn edges, they must be disinfected with any antiseptic and give the baby complete peace of mind.
3. To reduce swelling, you can for 10-15 minutes. apply a cold compress to the bump, ice wrapped in a towel, frozen semi-finished product from the refrigerator. If the baby fell on the street, you can use a bottle of cold water, a copper coin. Apply tightly and be sure to wrap the compress in a dry cloth to avoid hypothermia.

   Such a simple measure relieves pain, constricts blood vessels.

   Remember, if a child hits his forehead, the big bump from the cold water that some parents pour on the baby's head will not get smaller. And to provide him with a cold in this way is quite real!

4. All these measures are only first aid and doctor's advice will not replace.
   

first aid b

How to anoint a bump on the forehead of a child? If the lump is large, it can be treated with one of the special ointments that relieve soft tissue swelling. In any home first aid kit there is "Bruise-off", "Ambulance", "Troxevasin", "Lioton", "Aibolit", "Traumeel S" or "Rescuer", which can be purchased without a prescription at a pharmacy. Bodyagi, heparin ointment, iodine-based mesh are also considered classic remedies for bruises.

If a child stuffed a bump on his forehead, what to do when there are no pharmacy products at hand? Folk remedies will help here: applying burdock, plantain or cabbage leaves to the edematous area, in extreme cases, grated raw potatoes.

Grind the plantain or burdock, beat off the cabbage leaf and attach to the bump, wrapping the drug in a bandage. Fix everything with a gauze bandage, and the antiseptic properties of these plants will relieve swelling and inflammation.

Usually bumps, abrasions and bruises with minor injuries go away in a few days.

Swelling at the site of the former injury may be due to cicatricial changes in the injured soft tissues. It is impossible to influence this process, the Contractubex ointment, which softens the scars, will help reduce the manifestations.

By the end of the third week, the hematoma resolves, and if not, then the issue of puncture and removal of the contents can be discussed. More important than the bumps at this moment is the condition of the child, which must be constantly monitored. If the child has a bump on his forehead or there are complaints about well-being, do not postpone a visit to the doctor.

severe injury

Bumps on the forehead are less dangerous than injuries on the temples and in the parietal part of the head. If a stroke is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Constant pain;
• Convulsions, nausea and vomiting;
• Bleeding (nose or ear);
• Continuous and prolonged crying of the child (15 minutes or more);
• Instead of a bump on the child's forehead, a depression formed;
• Unusual behavior the baby (he is too excited or too calm, slowed down, speaks with difficulty);
• Loss of consciousness (even short-term or intermittent);
• General weakness, pale skin, blue lips and heavy breathing during sleep;
• Bad Orientation in space;
• pupils of different sizes, first noticed strabismus.

If even one of the listed signs is observed, it is urgent to call an ambulance. These symptoms may indicate a concussion.

In infants of the first year of life, head injuries are especially dangerous, since the baby’s skull is still being formed, and the baby cannot always clearly explain what exactly worries him.

After the fall of such a child, even from a small height, it must be examined by a surgeon and a neurologist. You may need to do an x-ray or ultrasound. The consequences of an injury can manifest themselves in a day or later, sharply worsening the condition of the child, so it is better to play it safe.

Severe and advanced cases require special conditions for treatment. Late diagnosis is wasted time, prolonging the recovery period and increasing the likelihood of complications.

Other reasons

Sometimes a big bump on the forehead of a child does not appear from a blow, but for no apparent reason. Most often, such defects do not pose a danger, they are associated with the individual characteristics of the anatomical structure of the skull (with the exception of craniostenosis). If this is a hereditary form of the skull, then over time these bulges will become less noticeable.

In another version, the appearance of a bump in the forehead area is explained by the development of a benign neoplasm.

Such a tumor can increase in size over time, change shape and structure. Usually, such bumps turn out to be wen (lipoma, atheroma), arising from blockage of the sebaceous glands.

Types of wen differ in growth rates and the clinical picture of the disease - atheroma, can cause suppuration and inflammation. If not from a blow, a bump on the forehead of a child, what should I do? Such tumors are eliminated by surgical methods.

They are also treated by the method of cryodestruction, destroying the wen with strong cold. It is impossible to self-medicate or ignore the problem: the bump grows, becomes dense, and when pierced, you can catch a dangerous infection. If you avoid blockage of pores, competently caring for your skin, eliminating black spots in time, you can avoid the appearance of such bumps.

Fibroma, which occurs in different parts of the body, including the face, is also referred to benign neoplasms. The reasons for their appearance are not fully understood, if the bump is small in size and does not interfere with the baby, a simple cosmetic defect can not be removed.

If the child fell, the bump on the forehead may not be from a blow. If it is soft to the touch and noticeably reddened, it may be an abscess.

The accumulation of pus can be located deep enough, on top, on the skin, resembling an ordinary bump.

The type of inflammation will be determined by the pediatrician, who will also select the course of treatment. Vitamins, antibiotics and other general strengthening therapy are usually prescribed. If such treatment is ineffective, a surgeon may be involved. A lump on a child's forehead after a blow may turn out to be not a simple hematoma, but a hemangioma, and even melanoma. In such cases, a favorable outcome is guaranteed only by timely treatment.

Conclusion

The life of any normal child, if he is not a baby tightly wrapped in diapers, is impossible without bumps and abrasions. Caring for young children involves constant monitoring of their behavior and condition.

From an early age, when the baby gets to know the world, it is important not to hide everything from him, threatening: “Don’t run ─ you will fall, don’t get in ─ you will get dirty”, but constantly monitor, conduct conversations about safe behavior on the street, during games, at school breaks. If, nevertheless, the child hit his forehead, a bump ─ what to do? The main thing is not to lose control over the situation, but these tips will help provide competent first aid.

Often our children fall and we ask ourselves: "should I call an ambulance?". Here, I found an interesting article on one of the sites about the signs of traumatic brain injury and first aid for a child.

Often in a situation where a child falls out of bed or a changing table, the mother does not know what to do. Do I need to run to the doctor, call an ambulance or help the child on my own? It all depends on the severity of the damage, but the most important thing is to calm down and think soberly.

The child fell out of bed and hit his head: possible injuries

When small children fall, a blow to the head is inevitable. What is important is not exactly which place he hit when he fell (on the forehead or the back of the head), but the severity of the brain damage.

A child's body differs in many ways from an adult's, the bones of the skull have not fully fused up to a year (they are easily displaced), and the brain tissues are fragile and immature. All of these factors predispose to more severe brain damage.

All traumatic brain injuries are divided into:
- open (damaged bones and soft tissues)
-closed (when the integrity of the bones of the skull and soft tissues is not broken)

Closed brain injuries are divided into:
-brain concussion
- brain injury
- compression of the brain

With a concussion, there are no changes in the structure of the substance of the brain, with a bruise, foci of destruction of the brain substance occur, and compression appears against the background of a bruise due to rupture of blood vessels or fragments of the skull.

If the child fell and hit his head (back of the head or forehead), there may be a soft tissue injury - the easiest injury when the brain does not suffer in any way. Then there is a bump or abrasion at the site of impact.

Symptoms of a brain injury

A concussion of the brain is manifested by a short-term loss of consciousness. In children younger than a year, it can be difficult to notice. It is possible to assume such a state if some time (1-3 minutes) has passed from the moment of falling to the appearance of crying. The child may vomit. Up to 3 months, vomiting can be repeated. There is blanching of the skin, separation of sweat, as well as drowsiness and refusal to eat. Children under one year old do not sleep well the first night after an injury.

With a brain contusion, loss of consciousness may be longer (more than an hour), signs of respiratory and cardiac activity may appear.

If a child falls out of bed and falls in such a way that the bones of the skull are fractured, their condition may be severe. Perhaps the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (clear liquid) or blood from the nose, ear. There are bruises around the eyes (a symptom of glasses). However, symptoms may appear several hours after the injury.

How to assess the severity of the injury if the child fell and hit his head?

If the child has fallen from the bed (sofa, changing table or other surfaces), it is necessary to closely monitor his condition. In the case when everything ended with 10-15 minutes of crying, and the child's condition has not changed, you can not go to the doctor.

If the mother has at least some doubt that the injury is not dangerous, it is better to call a doctor, because it is more reliable to make sure that the child is healthy than to treat serious consequences later.

Children under 1.5 years old can do neurosonography. This procedure is painless, inexpensive and performed using an ultrasound machine. With its help, an increase in intracranial pressure and the presence of life-threatening hemorrhages are determined. At a later age, such a study will not work if a large fontanel is overgrown.

The child fell out of bed - first aid

If a bump appears at the site of impact, you can apply ice in a napkin or something cold. Magnesium has a resolving effect, lotions with such a solution should be done 2 times a day.

In the presence of bleeding, tissue in the form of a tampon is applied to the wound. If the bleeding does not stop for more than 15 minutes, you need to call an ambulance.

If the child fell and hit his forehead or the back of his head, then he should not sleep for an hour (this applies to children older than a year), because. by the adequacy of his answers and reactions to your questions, you can understand whether the brain has suffered. You can (and should) wake up and check your coordination at night.

The child must be monitored very closely and cared for for 7 days if the doctor has allowed to stay at home. The child needs peace and lack of visual stress (especially for children older than 1.5-2 years).

Should I call an ambulance if the child fell and hit his head?

In case of loss of consciousness and severe bleeding from the wound, it is urgent to call an ambulance. Before her arrival, it is better to lay the baby on its side, especially if there is vomiting (in this position, it will not choke).

If a child falls from a great height on his head or back, damage to the spine is possible. Then change the position of the baby should be very careful to avoid injury to the spinal cord.

An ambulance should be called when any of the alarming symptoms appear:
- deterioration of well-being
- the child "falls asleep on the go", feels dizzy (this applies to older children)
- spasms or twitching of the muscles of the body
- wide pupils do not constrict from bright light or pupils of different sizes
- severe pallor
-blood in urine, feces, or vomit
paresis or paralysis of muscles

In severe brain injuries, appropriate treatment is prescribed only after a thorough examination of the child.

Prevention of head injuries in children due to falls

The situation when a child falls out of bed or a changing table happens most often with children under one year old. Therefore, you should not leave the baby alone, especially if he has already learned to roll over. It is better to leave the child on the floor (not naked, of course).

A changing table is a very dangerous thing, as it has a small area. Therefore, the mere presence of adults is not enough, you need to hold the child with your hand. It is better to swaddle the baby on the bed or sofa.

You can lay something soft or put pillows on the floor, in case the child does fall out of bed.

Children also "love" to fall out of strollers. Therefore, it is better to purchase lower models and strollers with high sides, do not neglect fastening the child.

When a child begins to walk, falls are common. The reason for this may be slippery floors (parquet). The child can wear socks with rubberized inserts (they will not let slip). Rugs and rugs should not “ride” on the floor, they can also provoke a fall.

I would like to note the psychological side of the issue. You don’t need to be afraid all the time that the child will fall and hit his head - after all, exactly what a person is very afraid of happens. In addition, you can transfer this fear to the child himself.

Our children are perpetual motion machines that jump, run everywhere, climb trees and slide off the roofs of garages. At the same time, they very often receive various injuries: bruises, abrasions, cuts, dislocations, fractures. Consider one of these injuries - a bruise.

A bruise is damage to soft tissues when it hits a surface or is caused by a blunt object. At the same time, at the site of impact, the skin is stretched, due to elasticity and elasticity, it reduces the force of impact, and is not damaged. However, the skin cannot extinguish all the impact energy, and it spreads to deeper tissues: subcutaneous fat, muscles, ligaments, blood vessels. These tissues do not have the properties that the skin has (elasticity, firmness) and therefore they are damaged. In this case, rupture of ligaments and muscles, violation of the integrity of blood vessels can occur.

Blood vessels permeate almost all tissues in our body, therefore, in case of a bruise, hemorrhage will be observed to some extent (depending on the area of ​​damage and how large the vessels were affected).

bruise symptoms

With bruises, the main symptoms are: bruising, swelling, soreness, in some cases, restriction of movement.

A bruise (bruise) is formed at the site of the bruise - this is blood that has leaked from damaged vessels. If a lot of blood flows out, a limited accumulation of blood is formed at the site of the bruise - a hematoma. The bruising can be minor, in which case the blood permeates the tissues and the bruise takes on an irregular shape, if the damage occurs inside the fascia that covers the muscle, then the bruise takes the form of a muscle, and if the blood pours into the interfascial space between the muscles, then, most often, the bruise has elongated shape.

Normally, a bruise goes through several stages of development:

1. Formation of a bruise. This is the period when the damage is just done, and there is an outpouring of blood into the tissues. At this time, a "crimson" bruise is formed.
2. The period of blue-green bruising. At this time, the destruction of the formed elements of the blood, which has poured into the tissue, occurs.
3. Period of green-yellow bruising. At this time, there is an enzymatic change in the compounds released from the destroyed blood cells, in particular hemoglobin, which is part of the erythrocytes.
4. Permission period. At this time, complete resorption of the bruise and restoration of body functions can occur. However, other options are possible when calcifications are formed. In this case, the site of injury is limited to a capsule, into the wall of which calcium molecules are gradually embedded, it becomes dense and is no longer able to resolve.

Hemorrhage can be not only in the tissue, but also in the cavity: in the joints or the abdominal cavity, with blows to the stomach. With a hemorrhage in the joint, there may be a restriction of movement in this joint, it becomes swollen, with palpation (feeling with the hands), fluctuation is observed (feeling of the movement of fluid in the joint).

Also, bruises differ in the place of damage. It can be, for example, a bruise of the head, a bruise of the elbow, knee joints, a bruise of the chest, a bruise of the right forearm, and others. Bruises also vary in area. And here black Soviet humor comes to mind: bruises sized 3, 5 and 10 kopecks were found on the corpse, with a total amount of 4 rubles 18 kopecks. Sometimes bruises can be very extensive, and capture both half of the child's body and the entire body. This can happen in car accidents or falls from a height. Such bruises are very dangerous, as there is extensive blood loss, and a very large amount of toxins are formed that enter the bloodstream.

First aid for a child with a bruise and treatment of bruises

Usually minor bruises pass in 7-10 days. At the same time, pain is observed only in the first days, there is a slight swelling, which also passes quickly, in the first hours the child may experience a slight increase in body temperature up to 37.3-37.5º C (this is the body's general reaction to damage). The bruise goes through all stages of formation: purple - blue - green - yellow, and safely resolves without any consequences. Children with such bruises do not need medical attention and medicines.

In order to speed up the process of resorption of the bruise, you can use an ointment with heparin. In this case, heparin helps to ensure that fewer blood clots form and they dissolve faster. This pharmacy drug is more effective than any folk remedies for bruises.

However, if a child has a fever not in the first hours after the injury, but a few days after the injury, then this should alert the parents, and it is imperative to consult a doctor for advice. In this case it is possible injury site infection. Blood elements are a very good substrate for the reproduction of bacteria, so if a bacterial infection penetrates the site of a bruise, the bacteria begin to multiply actively and inflammation develops. Also, in this condition, there is an increase in the impact site due to edema, the skin over the bruise becomes warm, it stretches, and pain increases. In this case, the site of the bruise is opened, naturally, in a hospital, blood clots are removed, the wound is washed with antiseptic solutions, a pressure bandage is applied, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

At the formation of calcifications it is also necessary to consult a doctor, since such an education is not capable of resolving on its own, and surgical assistance is necessary. Such a condition can be suspected if the swelling at the site of the bruise persists for more than 3 weeks, while there is no pain at the site of impact, and a slight crunch (crepitus) is felt on palpation or a “bump” is felt.

At head bruises mothers should be alert for concussions. With a concussion, children lose consciousness for a short time after being injured (from a few seconds to five minutes), so the child does not start crying immediately, but some time after the impact. However, it is very common for children to get hit while playing outside when they are out of their parent's line of sight, so parents cannot always tell if a child has fainted. Therefore, after receiving a head injury for 3 days, careful monitoring of the child is necessary. If a child develops lethargy, muscle weakness, unreasonable drowsiness, vomiting, one of the pupils becomes larger than the other, an urgent need to consult a doctor. In this case, hospitalization of the child in a hospital for further treatment is indicated.

Facial bruises have their own peculiarity: the subcutaneous fat of the face is very loose, so any blows to the face cause massive swelling. Children most often manage to "plant" a bruise under their eyes. In this case, the eye may swell, which temporarily impairs vision. In order to prevent this from happening, in the first minutes after the injury, it is advisable to apply something cold to the damaged area: it can be an apple from the refrigerator or an ice pack in water. Simply applying ice is not recommended, as this can cause frostbite on the skin area. Cold helps to stop bleeding faster and edema does not develop. With a broken nose, a symptom such as a symptom of "glasses" may develop. In this case, due to a fracture of the bones of the nose, hemorrhage occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the eyes, and bruises form around them. If a similar condition develops after an injury, it is necessary to urgently seek an appointment with an ENT doctor. With bruises on the frontal part of the head, a bruise may not appear, since in this place the muscle layer is quite thin, however, upon impact, the periosteum (a small connective tissue film covering the bones) may exfoliate. Fluid leaks into the space formed between the bone and the periosteum and a small ball is formed - a bump. In this case, the application of cold is also indicated to relieve swelling.

Also very dangerous abdominal trauma. In this case, rupture of the spleen may occur. The spleen is very rich in blood vessels and at the same time has a dense capsule, therefore, when the spleen ruptures, blood loss is very extensive, but blood is not found in the abdominal cavity, since it accumulates in the spleen capsule. This makes it difficult to make a diagnosis and therefore time is sometimes lost, which can be fatal for a child. The main signs of massive blood loss during rupture of the spleen are: pallor of the skin, weakness, dry mouth and thirst, a drop in blood pressure. If at least one of these signs appears in a child who has received a blow to the stomach, it is urgent to seek help from a doctor. Medical care for such children is provided only in a hospital, they are shown an urgent operation. Depending on the extent of damage, the affected spleen is either sutured or removed to stop blood loss.

At bruised limbs soreness at the site of impact can hide a more severe injury - a fracture. In this case, the child has a pronounced limitation of movements in the injured limb: he does not stand on the leg, with his healthy hand he supports the injured arm, pressing it to the body. In this case, it is necessary to contact the surgeon to exclude a fracture. To exclude a fracture, an X-ray examination of the injured limb is performed. If it's just a bruise, there won't be any changes in the picture, since the soft tissues remain almost invisible on x-rays, but if it's a fracture, then a change in the structure of the bone will be visible.

Another type of injury can be called " long-term compression syndrome". In this case, some part of the child's body is under pressure for a long time, sandwiched between objects. This very often happens when a building collapses during an earthquake, when help cannot quickly reach the victims. Since the part of the body is pinched, there is no blood flow in it. The tissues do not receive an influx of oxygen, which is necessary for the normal functioning of tissues and organs. In this case, a large amount of toxins (substances harmful to the body) begin to form in the compressed tissues. If such a child is released from the rubble without prior preparation, the blood begins to fill the blood vessels of the released part of the body and flush out toxins, spreading them throughout the child's body. In this case, damage to the kidneys, liver, heart of the child occurs, a state of shock develops and the child may die. Therefore, in no case should you independently remove a child from under the rubble before the arrival of rescuers and doctors, especially if more than a day has passed since the collapse of the building. When extracting, a tourniquet is applied to the squeezed part of the body to prevent blood circulation through it, and the tourniquet is removed only after the child begins infusion therapy (droppers) in order to remove the pathological effect of toxins.

Pediatrician Litashov M.V.