Fostering the need for a healthy lifestyle. Report - Formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle.doc - Report "Formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle: opportunities for the educational process and extracurricular activities"
A healthy lifestyle includes the following basic elements: fruitful work, rational work and rest, eradication bad habits, optimal motor mode, personal hygiene, hardening, balanced diet and so on.
Fruitful work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Human health is influenced by biological and social factors, the main one of which is work.
Rational regime of work and rest - necessary element healthy lifestyle. With a correct and strictly observed regime, a clear and necessary rhythm of the body’s functioning is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest and thereby promotes health, improves performance and increases productivity.
The next step in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These health problems cause many diseases, sharply reduce life expectancy, reduce productivity, and have a detrimental effect on the health of the younger generation and the health of future children.
The next component of a healthy lifestyle is balanced nutrition. When talking about it, you should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health.
The first law is the balance of energy received and consumed. If the body receives more energy than it expends, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for normal human development, for work and well-being, we become fat. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a number of other ailments.
The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. The diet should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable because they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver.
Not every one of us knows that we need to learn a culture of reasonable consumption, to refrain from the temptation to take another piece of a tasty product that gives extra calories or introduces an imbalance. After all, any deviation from the laws of rational nutrition leads to poor health. The human body uses energy not only during physical activity(during work, playing sports, etc.), but also in a state of relative rest (during sleep, lying down), when energy is used to maintain the physiological functions of the body - maintaining a constant body temperature. It has been established that in a healthy middle-aged person with normal weight The body consumes 7 kilocalories per hour for every kilogram of body weight.
The first rule in any natural system nutrition should be: - Eating only when you feel hungry.
Refusal to eat in case of pain, mental and physical malaise, fever and elevated body temperature.
Refusal to eat immediately before bed, as well as before and after serious work, physical or mental.
It is very important to have free time for digestion of food. The idea that exercise after eating helps digestion is a grave mistake.
Meals should consist of mixed foods that are sources of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Only in this case is it possible to achieve a balanced ratio of nutrients and essential nutritional factors, to ensure not only high level digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also their transportation to tissues and cells, their complete assimilation at the cellular level.
Rational nutrition ensures proper growth and formation of the body, helps maintain health, high performance and prolong life.
People suffering from chronic diseases need to follow a diet.
Has an important impact on health and condition environment. Human intervention in the regulation of natural processes does not always bring the desired positive results. Violation of at least one of the natural components leads, due to the existing relationships between them, to a restructuring of the existing structure of natural-territorial components. Pollution of the land surface, hydrosphere, atmosphere and oceans, in turn, affects people’s health, the “ozone hole” effect affects the formation of malignant tumors, air pollution affects the health of respiratory tract, and water pollution affects digestion, sharply worsens the general health of mankind, and reduces life expectancy. However, health obtained from nature depends only 5% on parents, and 50% on the conditions surrounding us.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account another objective factor affecting health - heredity. This is the property inherent in all organisms to repeat the same signs and developmental features in a number of generations, the ability to transmit from one generation to another the material structures of the cell containing programs for the development of new individuals from them.
Biological rhythms also affect our health. One of the most important features processes occurring in a living organism is their rhythmic nature.
It has now been established that over three hundred processes occurring in the human body are subject to a circadian rhythm.
Optimal motor mode is the most important condition for a healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic exercise and sports, effectively problem solving strengthening the health and development of physical abilities of young people, maintaining health and motor skills, strengthening the prevention of adverse age-related changes. At the same time, physical education and sports act as the most important means of education.
It is useful to take the stairs without using the elevator. According to American doctors, each step gives a person 4 seconds of life. 70 steps burns 28 calories.
The main qualities that characterize a person’s physical development are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. Improving each of these qualities also helps improve health, but not to the same extent. You can become very fast by training in sprinting. Finally, it is a good idea to become dexterous and flexible by using gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. However, with all this it is not possible to form sufficient resistance to pathogenic influences.
For effective recovery and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance, in combination with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide the growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases.
Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, and maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism.
One more important element A healthy lifestyle is personal hygiene. Personal hygiene - it includes a rational daily regimen, body care, hygiene of clothes and shoes. The daily routine is also of particular importance. When followed correctly and strictly, a clear rhythm of the body’s functioning is developed. And this, in turn, creates the best conditions for work and recovery.
Uneven living, working and living conditions, individual differences between people do not allow us to recommend one daily regimen for everyone. However, its basic provisions must be observed by everyone: performing various types of activities at strictly defined times, correct alternation of work and rest, regular meals. Special attention You need to pay attention to sleep - the main and irreplaceable form of rest. Constant lack of sleep is dangerous because it can cause exhaustion of the nervous system, weakening of the body's defenses, decreased performance, and deterioration of well-being. The study of morbidity has led to the conclusion that the cause of the vast majority of diseases is various violations of the regime. Disorderly eating in different times inevitably leads to gastrointestinal diseases, going to bed at different times leads to insomnia and nervous exhaustion, disruption of the planned distribution of work and rest reduces performance.
The regime has not only health-improving, but also educational significance. Strict adherence to it fosters such qualities as discipline, accuracy, organization, and determination. The regime allows a person to rationally use every hour, every minute of his time, which significantly expands the possibility of a versatile and meaningful life. Each person should develop a regime based on the specific conditions of their life. It is important to follow the following daily routine: Get up at the same time every day, do regular morning exercises, eat at set hours, alternate mental work with physical exercise, observe the rules of personal hygiene, keep your body, clothes, shoes clean, work and sleep in good conditions. ventilated area, go to bed at the same time!
So, let's once again think through our life tasks and goals, thereby allocating time to strengthen our health.
The earliest of the definitions of health - the definition of Alcmaeon, has its supporters right up to today: “Health is the harmony of opposing forces.” Cicero described health as correct ratio various mental states. The Stoics and Epicureans valued health above all else, contrasting it with enthusiasm and the desire for everything immoderate and dangerous. The Epicureans believed that health is complete contentment provided that all needs are fully satisfied. According to K. Jaspers, psychiatrists view health as the ability to realize “the natural innate potential of human vocation.” There are other formulations: health - a person’s acquisition of his own self, “realization of the Self,” full and harmonious inclusion in the community of people. Valeology: Diagnostics, means and practice of ensuring health. St. Petersburg, 2007, 269 p. With. 114 K. Rogers also perceives a healthy person as mobile, open, and not constantly using defensive reactions, independent of external influences and self-reliant. Optimally actualized, such a person constantly lives in every new moment of life. This person is flexible and adapts well to changing conditions, is tolerant of others, emotional and reflective.
F. Perls considers a person as a whole, believing that mental health is associated with the maturity of the individual, manifested in the ability to understand one’s own needs, constructive behavior, healthy adaptability and the ability to take responsibility for oneself. A mature and healthy personality is authentic, spontaneous and internally free.
S. Freud believed that a psychologically healthy person is one who is able to reconcile the principle of pleasure with the principle of reality. According to K.G. For Jung, a healthy person can be a person who has assimilated the contents of his unconscious and is free from being captured by any archetype. From W. Reich's point of view, neurotic and psychosomatic disorders are interpreted as a consequence of stagnation of biological energy. Hence, healthy condition characterized by the free flow of energy.
The Constitution of the World Health Organization defines the concept of health: “...a state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects.”
According to S.V. Popova “If you think about this definition, you can conclude that absolute health is an abstraction and, moreover, that this definition initially excludes people who have any (congenital or acquired) physical defects, even at the stage of compensation.” Popov S.V. Valueology at school and at home // On the physical well-being of schoolchildren. St. Petersburg, 2007. p. 136
In 1968, WHO adopted the following formulation: “Health is the ability of a person to perform his biosocial functions in a changing environment, with overloads and without losses, in the absence of diseases and defects. Health is physical, mental and moral.”
G.L. Bilic, L.V. Nazarova, taking the definition of the World Health Organization as a basis, consider it necessary and justified to add two factors. So, “health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and the ability to adapt to constantly changing external and environmental conditions and the natural process of conservation, as well as the absence of disease and physical defects.”
In the Great Medical Encyclopedia, health is interpreted as the state of the human body, when the functions of all its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful changes. At the same time, throughout its development, it changes the forms of interaction with environmental conditions, while not so much the environment as the organism itself changes.
Academician N.M. Amosov believes that “the health of the body is determined by its quantity, which can be assessed by the maximum duration of the organs while maintaining the qualitative limits of their functions.” Amosov N.M. Thoughts about health. M., 2007 p. 44 V.P. Kaznacheev interprets health as “a process (dynamic state) of preservation and development of biological, physiological and mental functions optimal working capacity, social activity with maximum life expectancy.”
Academician Yu.P. is right. Lisitsyn that “human health cannot be reduced only to stating the absence of disease, illness, discomfort, it is a state that allows a person to lead an unnatural life in his freedom, to fully perform characteristic of man functions, primarily labor, to lead a healthy lifestyle, that is, to experience mental, physical and social well-being.”
I.I. Brekhman, the founder of the science of health - valeology, defines health as “a person’s ability to maintain age-appropriate stability in the face of sudden changes in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the triune flow of sensory, verbal and structural information. Brekhman I.I. Valeology is the science of health. - 4th ed. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 2004. p. 37
AND I. Ivanyushkin offers 3 levels to describe the value of health: 1) biological - initial health presupposes the perfection of self-regulation of the body, the harmony of physiological processes and, as a consequence, a minimum of adaptation; 2) social - health is a measure of social activity, a person’s active attitude to the world; 3) personal, psychological - health is not the absence of illness, but rather its denial, in the sense of overcoming it. Health in this case acts not only as a state of the body, but as a “strategy of human life.” Ivanyushkin A.Ya. “Health” and “illness” in the system of human value orientations // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2005. T.45. No. 1, pp. 49-58, No. 4, pp. 29-33.
So, health is considered as an integrative characteristic of a person, covering both his inner world and all the uniqueness of relationships with the environment and including physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects; as a state of equilibrium, balance between human adaptive capabilities and constantly changing environmental conditions. Moreover, it should not be considered as an end in itself; it is only a means for the fullest realization of a person’s life potential.
According to the conclusion of WHO experts, if we take the level of health as 100%, then the state of health depends only 10% on the activities of the health care system, 20% on hereditary factors, and 20% on the state of the environment. And the remaining 50% depends on the person himself, on the lifestyle he leads.
In another approach, the concept of lifestyle is considered as an integral way of being of an individual in the external and internal world, as “a system of relationships between a person and himself and factors of the external environment,” where the system of relationships between a person and himself is a complex set of actions and experiences, the presence of useful habits , strengthening the natural resource of health, the absence of harmful ones that destroy it.
A.M. Izutkin and G.Ts. Tsaregorod residents present the structure of their lifestyle in the form of the following elements: “1) transformative activity aimed at changing nature, society and man himself; 2) ways to satisfy material and spiritual needs; 3) forms of people’s participation in social and political activities and in government; 4) cognitive activity at the level of theoretical, empirical and value-oriented knowledge; 5) communicative activity, including communication between people in society and its subsystems (people, class, family, etc.); 6) medical and pedagogical activities aimed at the physical and spiritual development of a person.” Yu.P. Lisitsyn, N.V. Polunina, E.N. Savelyeva et al. propose such components (aspects) of lifestyle as industrial, socio-political, non-work, and medical activity. Lisitsyn Yu.P., Polunina I.V. Healthy lifestyle of a child. M., 2006.
Other authors include in the concept of lifestyle labor activity human, social, psycho-intellectual, physical activity, communication and everyday relationships, habits, routine, rhythm, pace of life, features of work, rest and communication.
Lifestyle is a type of human activity determined by the characteristics of the socio-economic formation. The main parameters of the lifestyle are work (study for the younger generation), everyday life, socio-political and cultural activities people, as well as various behavioral habits and manifestations. If their organization and content contribute to the promotion of health, then there is reason to talk about the implementation of a healthy lifestyle, which can be considered as a combination of activities that ensures optimal interaction of the individual with the environment.
We believe that S.V. Popov is right when he speaks about the lifestyle of S.V. Popov, that it should be remembered that although it is largely determined by socio-economic conditions, at the same time it largely depends on the motives of the activities of a particular person, on the characteristics of his psyche, health conditions and functionality body. This, in particular, explains the real variety of lifestyle options for different people. A person's lifestyle includes three categories: standard of living, quality of life and lifestyle. Popov S.V. Valueology at school and at home // On the physical well-being of schoolchildren. St. Petersburg, 2004. p. 196
The standard of living is primarily an economic category, representing the degree to which a person’s material, spiritual and cultural needs are satisfied. Quality of life is understood as the degree of comfort in meeting human needs (mainly social category). Lifestyle characterizes the behavioral characteristics of a person’s life, that is, a certain standard to which the psychology and psychophysiology of the individual (socio-psychological category) adapts.
Human health will primarily depend on lifestyle, which to a greater extent is personalized and determined by historical and national traditions (mentality) and personal inclinations (image).
The relationship between lifestyle and health is most fully expressed in the concept of a healthy lifestyle; This concept is the basis of valeology. A healthy lifestyle combines everything that contributes to a person’s performance of professional, social and everyday functions in optimal health conditions and expresses the orientation of the individual’s activities towards the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health.
In Western and Russian science, the problem of a healthy lifestyle was addressed by such doctors and thinkers as F. Bacon, B. Spinoza, H. De Roy, J. La Mettrie, P. J. J. Cabanis, M. Lomonosov, A. Radishchev. Vasilyeva O.S., Zhuravleva E.V. Study of ideas about a healthy lifestyle // Psychological Bulletin of the Russian State University. Rostov-on-Don, 2005, Issue 9. With. 422
B.N. Chumakov characterizes a healthy lifestyle as “the active activity of people, aimed, first of all, at maintaining and improving health. It should be taken into account that the way of life of a person and family does not develop on its own depending on circumstances, but is formed throughout life purposefully and constantly. Creating a healthy lifestyle is the main lever primary prevention in strengthening the health of the population through changes in style and lifestyle, its improvement using hygienic knowledge in the fight against bad habits, overcoming unfavorable aspects associated with life situations.” Chumakov B.N. Valeology. Selected lectures. M., 2004. p. 213
S.V. Popov highlights the biological and social principles of a healthy lifestyle. Biological principles are characterized by the following: the lifestyle should be age-appropriate, energetically secure, strengthening, rhythmic, ascetic.
Social principles make the following demands on the way of life: it must be aesthetic, moral, strong-willed, and self-limiting.
However, people's lifestyles cannot be the same, since we are all initially different. It is known that a healthy lifestyle is one that leads a person to optimal duration and quality of life. This is only possible when a person is truly interested in his health and is able to manage it.
To maintain and restore health, it is not enough to passively wait for the nature of the body to do its job sooner or later. A person himself needs to do some work in this direction. But, unfortunately, most people realize the value of health only when a serious threat to health arises or it is largely lost, as a result of which the motivation arises to cure the disease and restore health. But positive motivation for improving health among healthy people is clearly not enough. I.I. Brekhman identifies two possible reasons for this: a person is not aware of his health, does not know the size of his reserves, and puts off taking care of it until later, for retirement or in case of illness. Brekhman I.I. Introduction to valeology - the science of health. L., 2005. 125 p. With. 84 At the same time, a healthy person can and should focus his lifestyle on the positive experience of the older generation and the negative experience of sick people. However, this approach does not work for everyone and is not strong enough. Many people, by their image and behavior, not only contribute to health, but destroy it.
Thus, a healthy lifestyle should be understood as typical forms and methods of daily human activity that strengthen and improve the body’s reserve capabilities, thereby ensuring the successful performance of one’s social and professional functions regardless of political, economic and socio-psychological situations. And it expresses the orientation of the individual’s activities towards the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health.
The task of early formation of a culture of health is relevant, timely and quite complex. How to strengthen and maintain the health of our children? How to promote the formation of a child’s physical culture? How to instill healthy lifestyle skills? When should this start? Preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to the age of seven that intensive development of organs and the formation of functional systems of the body occurs, the main personality traits are laid, and character is formed. It is important at this stage to form in children a base of knowledge and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.
Studying problems children's health in our time is of particular relevance.
The art of living long consists, first of all, in learning to take care of your health from childhood. What is missed in childhood is difficult to make up for. Therefore, the priority direction in preschool education today is to increase the level of health of children, develop their healthy lifestyle skills (HLS), as well as a sustainable need for regular physical exercise.
Data from various studies show that Lately number healthy preschoolers decreased by 5 times and constitutes only 10% of the number of children entering school.
It should be noted that children have no physical qualities(perseverance, the ability to exert yourself without harming your health, to simply correct your emotional state, to switch from one activity to another), that is, those indicators that are closely related to self-education. Consequently, there is a need to create a system of work in which health-improving activities were integrated into educational ones, which ultimately contributed to the preservation and strengthening of the child’s physical and mental health and the formation of healthy lifestyle habits.
Today, preserving and strengthening children's health is one of the main strategic objectives of the country's development. It is regulated and ensured by such regulatory and legal documents as the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Article 51), “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population”, as well as Decrees of the President of Russia “On Urgent Measures to Ensure the Health of the Population” Russian Federation", "On approval of the main directions of state social policy to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation", etc.
Health is not only the absence of disease, it is a state of optimal performance, creative output, emotional tone, that which creates the foundation for the future well-being of an individual.
Therefore, the main tasks to improve the health of children in kindergarten are the formation of their ideas about health as one of the main values of life, the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Teachers must teach the child to make the right choice in any situation, only what is beneficial to health and to reject everything harmful. Instill in a child from an early age the right attitude towards his health, a sense of responsibility for it. These problems must be solved by creating whole system to preserve the physical, mental and social well-being of the child.
Particular attention should be paid to the following components of a healthy lifestyle:
exercise, walks.
rational nutrition, compliance with personal hygiene rules: hardening, creating conditions for good sleep
Proper nutrition ensures the normal course of growth and development of the body, as well as maintaining health. Proper nutrition is of great importance for the development of the child’s body, in the prevention and treatment of many diseases.
The next factor in a healthy lifestyle is hardening. Almost everyone knows the saying: “Sun, air and water are our best friends.” And indeed, the use of these natural forces of nature, the use of reasonable, rational, leads to the fact that a person becomes hardened and successfully resists unfavorable environmental factors - hypothermia and overheating. Hardening is an effective means of strengthening human health. The success and effectiveness of hardening is possible only if a number of principles are observed:
Graduality;
Systematicity;
Complexity;
Taking into account individual characteristics.
Mental hardening also stimulates physiological protective mechanisms: immunity, the function of the endocrine glands. Speaking about positive emotions, one should also remember that in pedagogy, encouragement is considered a more effective lever of influence on a child than punishment. By encouraging a child, we preserve and strengthen his health
friendly attitude towards each other, development of listening and speaking skills, ability to distinguish lies from truth
respect for the environment and nature
medical education, timely visits to the doctor, implementation of various recommendations
formation of the concept “don’t harm yourself”
Physical education and health activities include:
Creating a system of physical activity during the day:
morning exercises (daily);
physical education classes (3 times a week);
musical and rhythmic classes (2 +2 times a week);
walks including outdoor games;
health jogging (daily);
finger gymnastics (daily during special moments)
visual, breathing, corrective gymnastics in appropriate classes
health-improving gymnastics after a nap (daily);
physical education minutes and breaks (during sedentary activities, daily);
emotional release, relaxation;
walking on massage mats, sand, pebbles (barefoot walking);
sports activities, entertainment, holidays (1 time per month)
The need to maintain and strengthen children's health.
A child’s need for health and a healthy lifestyle is also formed on the basis of ideas about himself, his physical and personal capabilities, about what is harmful to health and what is beneficial. For example, it is harmful not to brush your teeth, not to cut your nails, not to do gymnastics. Children acquire this knowledge in special classes in our kindergarten.
Objectives of work on developing a healthy lifestyle for preschool children:
to form the idea that being healthy is good and being sick is bad; about some signs of health;
develop healthy behavior skills: love to move, eat more vegetables and fruits; wash your hands after every contamination; don't get angry or worry; be friendly; spend more time in the fresh air; observe the regime;
help to master sustainable behavioral skills;
develop the ability to talk about your health and the health of loved ones;
develop skills correct posture;
enrich children's knowledge about physical education movement in general;
develop artistic interest
The task of preserving and strengthening the health of preschool children is the main one in the work of the kindergarten.
Therefore, it is especially important to form in them from preschool age an interested attitude towards their health. Based on this, the goal of our activities is to create a culture of healthy lifestyles among preschool children. I achieve the goal by solving the following tasks:
formation of vital motor skills of the child in accordance with his individual characteristics, development of physical qualities;
creating conditions to fulfill children’s needs for physical activity;
ensuring physical and mental well-being;
promote the preservation and strengthening of children's health;
cultivate a conscious attitude towards maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
form health-saving skills and habits.
In our work we rely on the “Program of Education and Training in Kindergarten” edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, main task which is the preservation and strengthening of children’s health, the formation interested attitude to your health.
I think it is important to form in children adequate ideas about the human body (about the structure own body); help them create a holistic view of their body; teach you to hear and listen to your body; realize the intrinsic value of your life and the value of the life of another person; to form the need for physical and moral self-improvement, for a healthy lifestyle; instill the skills of prevention and hygiene, first medical care, develop the ability to foresee the possible life-threatening consequences of their actions for themselves and their peers; develop protective self-awareness, an optimistic sense of world and self, cultivate respect for the life of another person, the ability to sympathize, empathize with the pain of others.
Based on the goals and objectives I set, I organized a development subject environment. The environment surrounding children in a group ensures life safety, promotes health and strengthens the children’s body, and also satisfies children’s innate need for movement, which serves an important condition formation of all systems and functions of the body, one of the ways to understand the world, navigate in it, as well as a means of all-round development of a preschooler.
The training area is well lit and has tables where classes take place. The tables are arranged in a circle, i.e. so that the teacher works “not on”, but “together” with the children. The functional role of this zone is educational and relaxation. Children are here not only in class, but can also organize games and relax. During the day, finger exercises (promoting neuropsychic development) and breathing exercises take place here.
The green laboratory was created to develop children's cognitive interest in research activities and contributes to the formation of a scientific worldview. The center of “water and sand” is also located here. Children enjoy exploring the sand, learning its properties, splashing in the water, discovering its secrets. Children's games with water help improve breathing and harden the body (the hands, like the feet, are heat exchanger zones; 70% of the heat passes through these zones; the water temperature should be at least 28 degrees). The functional role of the center is educational and health-improving. In the laboratory we set up a “garden on the windowsill” - where all year round We grow onions, dill, parsley, and then use all this in the children’s diet, thereby increasing the supply of vitamins.
All famous teachers from ancient times to the present day note: movement is an important means of education. By moving, the child learns the world, learns to love it and purposefully act in it. Movements are the first sources of courage, endurance, and determination of a small child. The living conditions of children in kindergarten should be considered as the foundation on which the construction of the child’s personality is laid. The starting point is the following: everything that is in the kindergarten (in the premises, on the territory) must be acceptable for the child and in no way should be detrimental to his health and well-being (physical, mental, social).
Physical activity helps to increase mental performance, speech development, full formation of voluntary movements and actions that underlie human motor behavior. It is the progress in the development of movements (the motor analyzer) that largely determines the progress in the development of human brain functions. The more diverse the movements, the more information enters the child’s brain, the more intense his development. In addition, the child can carry out continuous activity for 12–15 minutes, after which rest or a change of activity is necessary. An older child can maintain a forced static position for 3–4 minutes, after which it is necessary to change it. Based on this, when conducting training sessions, I try to organize the children so that their dynamic posture during the lesson changes throughout its entire duration - the children sit at the table, in a semicircle on chairs, on the carpet, etc. Also during classes I use various forms of organizing children - they work in pairs, individually and collectively. Moreover, given the short length going concern children, physical education sessions are held during classes, dynamic pauses. Their topics correspond to the topic of the lesson.
In addition, I try to fill children’s lives with movement not only in the classroom, but also in Everyday life. I have compiled a card index of outdoor games and exercises, and I constantly use them in my work with children.
I organize finger games every day, because... they allow you to satisfy the need for movement not only of large muscles, but also of smaller ones (fingers). Systematic finger exercises are a powerful way to improve brain performance. I widely use finger games without objects in my free time and on walks. During classes, in the morning, and during games, I suggest children do exercises with objects: clothespins, corks, counting sticks, buttons, hedgehog balls, handkerchiefs, etc. Gymnastics for the fingers develops mental activity, memory, and attention of the child. The group contains files of finger games, various items and exercise massagers.
Thus, I take care of satisfying motor activity during classes and in children’s free activities, and movement for a child is the path not only to health, but also to the development of intelligence.
To improve children's health, I also use various hardening methods. One of the most popular is walking on salt paths after a nap. This operating moment in our group it has been turned into a fun game - exercises on individual and general massage mats are accompanied by various nursery rhymes. Children also really enjoy pouring water over their hands up to the elbows. room temperature. Since children are immuno-weakened, I use gentle hardening in my work.
Many people know what massage is. The word massage comes from the Arabic word mass - to touch. The beneficial effects of massage on the body cannot be overestimated. Massage is one of the means of therapeutic and preventive work. And it is also very important that massage does not require special expensive equipment. How can we ensure that the beneficial effects of massage most fully influence the health and well-being of each child? I decided to teach every child self-massage. I selected different types of self-massage taking into account the age, capabilities of the children and the conditions of the kindergarten. Many self-massage complexes have a playful form; the exercises are given names that children can understand. Each type of massage has a specific time in the daily routine.
On the face of any person there are massage zones associated with the regulation of immunity and hardening of the body (developed by A.A. Umanskaya). We call local impact on these areas acupressure. It includes five main zones: on the forehead (middle of the forehead), at the inner ends of the eyebrows (parallel), at the wings of the nose (parallel), at the corners of the mouth (parallel) and between the large and index fingers(first on one hand, then on the other). These points are available to children from 4–5 years of age.
I also use the “Five Little Doctors” massage. This is a self-massage of the fingers. On the finger zones there is a representation of the whole organism: massage of the thumb by rubbing increases the activity of the brain, the index finger - the activity of the stomach, the middle finger - has a positive effect on the functioning of the intestines, the ring finger - normalizes liver function, the little finger - stimulates the work of the heart. Self-massage is available to everyone, even kids, which is great! And, of course, health!
I use music extensively during classes. Using music in physical education makes it fun and effective. It lifts the mood, organizes the movement of children and, in some cases, makes it easier for them to learn. Music helps improve posture, gives expressiveness to movements, and promotes the development of accuracy and coordination.
I try to pay special attention to the children's walks. During walks, various water games, breathing exercises, barefoot walking, sunbathing.
The health of children depends not only on their physical characteristics, but also on living conditions in the family. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve positive results in solving the assigned tasks if a community of children - parents - teacher is created in the group.
Conversations are held with parents about the influence of lifestyle on health;
at meetings I talk about the importance of movements in the lives of preschool children;
at general parent meetings with the involvement of specialists from the institution: instructor physical culture, speech therapist, music managers, doctor, senior nurses, st. We tell the teacher about our plans, ideas and emerging problems;
designed a health corner for parents with recommendations and medical advice on health improvement, where health sheets are posted monthly, where parents learn that the health index of our children is increasing;
We conduct a survey on healthy lifestyle.
The results of the survey indicate that our parents are very concerned about the health of their children, and they are ready to be our helpers and allies. This leads to close contact when working with parents, since only parents can bring to our attention those characteristics of the child that he exhibits in home environment, it’s no secret that in our practice there are children who behave differently in kindergarten and at home.
I was convinced that the introduction of health-saving technologies into the pedagogical process helps to preserve and strengthen the health of children, as well as their intellectual development. Children have developed health-saving skills and habits. All this has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of the child’s body. Allows you to systematically solve the complex issue of preserving and strengthening the physical and mental health of children, creating a healthy lifestyle.
The main idea of the Concept for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in the system of continuing education is the development of the physical and mental health of the younger generation, which will become an important component philosophical humanistic education necessary to solve the problem of understanding the value of the life of each person in the general system of the universe.
Because the physical health forms an inextricable unity with mental health And emotional well-being, then all the life activities of a child in a preschool educational institution (DOU) should have a health-improving focus. And first of all, the organization must meet the principle of health-improving orientation physical education preschoolers.
It should be noted that the preservation and strengthening of health is facilitated by a system of health-preserving forms of human life activity - a healthy lifestyle, which is established with early age. The formation of a system of knowledge and skills in the field of a child’s knowledge of himself, his capabilities and methods of their development is most influenced by educational institutions, which are entrusted with the task of creating a culture of a healthy lifestyle, based on the social foundations of health and awareness of society’s responsibility for the health of children.
The implementation of a health-improving focus on physical education of preschool children will be effective if:
Preschoolers have developed knowledge about the elements of a healthy lifestyle (compliance with the regime, hygiene procedures, physical activity) and an emotionally positive attitude towards these elements, as well as the ability to implement them in behavior and activities;
Teachers, in an accessible form, convey information to preschoolers about the basics of a healthy lifestyle and, on this basis, form an emotionally positive attitude towards this process;
Cooperation between a preschool educational institution and a family has been organized, based on the unity of educational interaction.
The third year of a baby’s life is the final period of early childhood. Hehas its own, unique to this year, age-related characteristics. During this period, the intensity of physical development, so characteristic of the first two years, slows down. Due to accelerated growth arms and especially legs, the proportions of the body change. Posture changes, children become slimmer. Their muscles are more clearly defined; As a result of the development of small muscles of the hands and fingers, the accuracy of movements improves. Cartilage tissue is being intensively replaced by bone tissue. The bones of the skull, hands and feet grow rapidly. But the intensity of growth in length decreases, but individual fluctuations are possible. B: on average per year, body weight increases by 2 kg, body length increases by 7-8 cm. By the age of 3, the child’s body weight usually reaches 14.8-15.0 kg, body length 95-96 cm, chest circumference cells 52 cm.
In the third year of life, the eruption of baby teeth ends. After 2 years, the absolute and relative values of annual increases in total body size decrease
At the age of 3 to 3.5 years, there is an accelerated development of physical qualities associated with an expansion of range of motion. This is the first critical period in the development of motor function.
Jr preschool age- this is a period of active improvement of the quality of movements that the child mastered at the previous stages. The movements of the arms and legs become more coordinated, and the unnecessary movements that the child made before disappear. At this age, children master all types of basic movements such as walking, running, climbing, throwing, throwing, jumping.
work completed:
Yusupova N.V. teacher of biology and geography,
classroom teacher,
GBOU Pestrechinsky boarding school
for children with disabilities of type VIII;
scientific adviser:
Takhtamysheva Gulnara Chingizovna,
Associate Professor IRO RT
Analysis of the effectiveness of an educational institution
Project concept
“Health is a precious thing, and besides
the only one for which I really
you should not only spare no time, effort,
labors and all sorts of benefits, but also to sacrifice
for his sake, a particle of life itself,
because life without him becomes
unbearable and humiliating."
Michel de Montaigne
The current state of health of all children, and especially the mentally retarded, is of serious concern. Only 5% of school graduates are practically healthy, 40% of schoolchildren are chronically ill, 50% have morphophysiological deviations, instead of acceleration there is deceleration (a 20-fold increase in the number of short people), every year up to 300 thousand young men do not go to school. military service By medical indications. Up to 80% of children suffer from various neuropsychiatric disorders.
In the Concept of health protection approved by the Government of the Russian Federationvillages of the Russian Federation in the transition period of reformeconomy and social sphere Changing the behavior of the population has been identified as one of the priority tasks. This is due not only to diseases that lead to premature death in adults, but also to the increase in socially determined diseases in adolescents.According to the research conducted, the prerequisites for behavior associatedposed with a risk to health, are laid before the age of 18 years. That's whyIn the Concepts of Education and Health Protection, great importance is attached to strengtheningcooperation between health care and institutionseducationand primarily in closed institutions (boarding schools).This is especially true for auxiliary schools 8 species, because they have a special mode of life. But, taking into account the peculiarities of physical development, the state of the nervous system and the health of the pupils of these schools, the regimemust be protective in nature. Therefore, the work of teachers and educators should be aimed at strengthening the physical condition of children, their nervous system and health.
Of course, the reasons for the decline in health are manifold: family history, environmental problems, and social crisis. Modern school, with its increased physical and mental stress, often has a dramatic impact on children’s weakened bodies. negative impact, causing disadaptation, provoking the growth of diseases. The choice of a healthy lifestyle for a child must be conscious. That is why, any general educational institution should become a “healthy lifestyle school” for students, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating, physical activity, etc.) will have a health-improving and pedagogical orientation, and will contribute to the education of children habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding maintaining and strengthening one’s health.
Relevance of the project -
The relevance of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is caused by both an increase and a change in the nature of stress on the body in conditions modern life, which is associated with an increase in environmental, psychological and man-made risks. Stress, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, TV addiction, passion for computer games, and “bad” habits accompany the life of a modern person.
The concept of “healthy lifestyle” has not yet been clearly defined. Representatives of the philosophical and sociological direction (P. A. Vinogradov, B. S. Erasov, O. A. Milshtein, V. A. Ponomarchuk, V. I. Stolyarov, etc.) consider a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem, an integral part of life of society as a whole. In the psychological and pedagogical direction (G. P. Aksenov, V. K. Balsevich, M. Ya. Vilensky, R. Ditls, I. O. Martynyuk, L. S. Kobelyanskaya, etc.) healthy lifestyle is considered from the point of view of consciousness, human psychology, motivation. There are other points of view (for example, medical and biological), but there is no sharp line between them, since they are aimed at solving one problem - improving the health of the individual.
Health - the category of reserves of life, the vitality of a person as an integral being in the unity of his bodily and mental characteristics. Such reserves and vitality are formed in the process of education. And this is the field of pedagogy. This means that health is a pedagogical category. Health is either strengthened or lost in the process of raising a person in the family and school.
From all of the above, we can conclude that the current situation is complex and requires immediate action. In order to preserve the health of a child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all the adults around him (parents, teachers, educators, doctors, etc.), in order to create around him an atmosphere filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, with early years a certain culture of behavior and a corresponding lifestyle are formed.
And if the problem of a healthy lifestyle is not addressed today, then “perhaps” there will be no one to think about it tomorrow. Priority areas of work teaching staff steel: maintaining and strengthening the health of schoolchildren, nurturing the internal need to lead a healthy lifestyle.Analyzing the CURRENT situation, there was a need to review the formation of a healthy lifestyle and create“Healthy Lifestyle” program.
A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of other aspects of human life, the achievement of active longevity and the full performance of social functions. As the saying goes:“Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing.”
Elements of a healthy lifestyle are implemented through a set of actions in all main forms of human life:
labor,
public,
family household,
leisure.
Every day we face a choice, make decisions - choose the path to follow. Our life consists of these decisions-paths. And the main task of a child’s teacher is to teach him to make the right choice!
From elementary school in a special (correctional) boarding school of type 8, a certain culture of behavior and a corresponding lifestyle are formed. This is especially true in relation to caring for the health of children with intellectual disabilities. When drawing up the program, the mental disabilities of children and age characteristics were taken into account. Therefore, “The ABC of Health” consists of six sections and in each of them, classes are allocated for younger, middle and older ages.
Basic principles of the program:
Humanization and democratization- definedevelopment of specific goals and objectives of education, educationresearch and personal development, creating a comfortable environmentand conditions for its self-realization;
Correspondence of goals and content objectivespro-grams national strategy, the interests of the statemilitary and regional policy;
Scientific— introduce re-advanced scientific experienceteachers to create health-savingtechnology;
Participation — attracting pupils to non-means and conscious participation in purposefulactive activities to improve the health of your body,rational usetime,carried outimplementation of health education work;
Continuity— providing comprehensiveth approach in health education between differentnym age groups;
Highlight three aspects of health or well-being:
physical,
mental (psycho-emotional)
social health
Lifestyle is shaped by the society or group in which a person lives. Therefore, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is primarily an educational task. The program highlightsmain components of a healthy lifestyle:
1.favorable social environment;
2.spiritual and moral well-being;
3. optimal motor mode (culture of movement);
4.hardening the body;
5.rational nutrition;
6.personal hygiene;
7.refusal of harmful addictions (smoking, drinking alcohol)
drinks, drugs);
Human health (a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being) depends on lifestyle (up to 70%), heredity (15%), environment (8-10%), medicine (8-10%). Consequently, the main task in preserving and strengthening the health of children is the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Main project lines
Based on the study of the works of V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakov can be distinguishedmain components of a healthy lifestyle:
1. Balanced nutrition.
Food must cover the body's energy costs, be complete in chemical composition and contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates (1-1-4), vitamins, mineral salts and trace elements, be chemically harmless and safe from the point of view of bacterial composition.
2. Optimal physical activity for the body.
The role of physical activity in determining human health has been known for a long time. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato considered movement “the healing part of medicine.” The great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy wrote: “You must definitely shake yourself up physically in order to be morally healthy.”
3. Maintaining a daily routine (taking into account individual biorhythms).
I.N. Pavlov believed that the basis of the regime is a “dynamic stereotype”, i.e. regularly repeating activity, but not inert, monotonous, but dynamic, changing depending on the influence of the environment. This helps the child develop good adaptation to changing conditions. Be sure to follow only the basic components of your daily routine (waking up and falling asleep, eating, walking). Other types of children's activities can be changed according to the time and duration of implementation. And if, in addition, the regime is based on the characteristics of the individual “biorhythmological portrait” of the child, the systems of his body will be in better operating conditions.
4 . Prevention of bad habits (or abandonment of them) and formation of useful habits.
Useful habits and hygiene skills are better reinforced when they are realized. As for bad habits, the basis for acquiring and getting rid of them is will.
5.Increasing psycho-emotional stability.
Judging by experiments, it is not active emotions that are especially dangerous to health, but passive ones - despair, anxiety, fearfulness, depression. In humans, these emotions often take on the social connotation of guilt, regret, and remorse.
That is why positive thinking is considered one of the components of health. Positive thinking is not an innate property; it is achieved through persistent training. It is important to teach a child to rejoice even in his own small victory, and even more so in the success of others.
6. “Meaningful life” (the meaning of life).
It has a lot to do with health. Everything else - nutrition, movement, and hygiene makes sense only when a person has something to get out of bed for every morning, if there is a task that no one else can do except him or better than him, there is an interest in the world, there is love for at least one anything.
When compiling the program we used following methods research and impact.
Research methods I: study, observation, experiment.
Methods of influence : verbal, practical, visual.
The need for widespread use of verbal methods is due to the fact that pupils with intellectual underdevelopment, especially children, have a limited vocabulary and do not understand the content of many words. A conversation is often used, organized using a system of questions that gradually leads them to assimilate new material. During partial-search conversations, problematic situations are created (questions are posed, tasks are proposed), and a collective discussion is organized.
Using the illustration method (showing posters, sketches on the board,
pictures, etc.) and demonstration method (demonstration of real objects,
experiments) made it possible to increase the effectiveness of classes. Dedicated great attention example method. In classes, the techniques of “training” and “exercise” are actively used. In order to increase emotional background classes were used didactic games(various topics and content), elements of visual activity, motor exercises.
When compiling the program, various educational and methodological literature. In the book " Extracurricular activities in correctional classes" contains developments for the day of health - "If you want to be healthy, try hard!", lesson - advice - "How to learn to maintain a daily routine", compiled by G.P. Popova. The book by L.A. Obukhova and others “New 135 health lessons, or the School of Doctors of Nature” (Teacher’s Workshop) provided great methodological assistance. It contains a fully developed course of lessons for schoolchildren with planning. A practical guide was the manual for educators “Organization and planning of educational work in a special boarding school, orphanage” by E.D. Khudenko.
The program is a synthesis of knowledge about the main factors of healthy lifestyle and
includes 6 interconnected blocks of lessons:
Each program block consists of three subsections designed for threeage groups of pupils:
Average;
Senior;
Graduates;
Each age has its own lesson theme.
For example, section"Proper nutrition":
| Correct nutrition. | Middle level: 1. Nutrition is a necessary condition for life (conversation). 2.Healthy food for the whole family (presentation). 3.Nutrition is the basis of life (oral journal). 4.How to become Hercules? (correspondence travel). 5.Vegetables and fruits - vitamin products (conversation). 6.What are nutrients? (Questions and answers). 7. “Healthy” and “harmful” foods (crossword puzzle). 8.What rules of eating do you know? (generalization of knowledge and skills). 9.What does a person need in food? (nutrition rules) Senior level: 1.Healthy eating (question and answer hour). 2Features of nutrition according to the seasons of the year (drawing up recommendations). 3. House doctor (conversation with the “doctor”). 4.The path of the pie (presentation). 5. The connection between nutrition and disease (auction of opinions). 6. Health pantry in the forest, in the garden (correspondence trip). 7. “Evil products” (compiling a crossword puzzle). 8.Avitaminosis and exacerbation of chronic diseases (role play). 9. Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation). Graduates: 1. Basic foods and human health (oral journal). 2. Reasonable diet (working with the menu). 3.Diet - pros and cons (auction of interests). 4.Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation). 5. Vitamin deficiency and poor health (doctor’s advice). 6.Vitamins and chronic diseases (“going” to a nutritionist). 7.Analysis of the daily menu (workshop). 8. Product expiration date and my health (working with food packaging). |
Work with students begins with consolidating basic knowledge about human nutrition in the form of conversations, game moments, and entertaining moments; then at the senior level, more attention is paid to practical and research work.
The number of children suffering from gastrointestinal diseases was analyzed.
| No./item | Types of diseases | Number of students | |
| 1 . | Liver disease. | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract | 25,0 |
||
| Gastritis | 25,0 |
||
| Musculoskeletal disorders | |||
| Respiratory diseases | 33,4 |
||
| Total | 12 | 100 |
From the data in the table it can be seen that almost every one of the pupils (7 people) has gastrointestinal diseases. And mostly these diseases are acquired.
Children were surveyed during extracurricular activities. Example “Your food preferences.”
Questionnaire.
1. What foods do you like to eat? A) fruits B) flour products C) chips D) crackers E) other
2 .Which drink do you prefer when purchasing? A) juice B) Coca-Cola C) Sprite D) lemonade E) mineral water E) other drinks
3. Do you know the benefits or harms of these foods and drinks? A) yes B) I have a vague idea C) I don’t know D) I don’t care
After analyzing this questionnaire, we obtained the following results: Diagram.
Finally school year The results have changed for the better:
| Question 3 | Question 2 | Question 3 |
|
| Option A | 20% | 31% | 48% |
| Option B | 33% | 27% | 50% |
| Option B | 35% | 16% | 1% |
| Option D | 2% | 10% | 1% |
| Option D | 10% | 7% | |
| Option E | 9% |
Thus, Healthy lifestyle program provides
a large-scale health-saving culture for pupils, with
taking into account the capabilities and conditions of the boarding school. It provides
mechanisms for the transition of the external culture of a healthy lifestyle into the internal culture of the pupil’s personality, primarily through the construction of a route for personal development, the formation of the pupil’s self-awareness. The program provides a connection between the physical, moral, mental components of the child and the corresponding types of health. Considering individual characteristics child, special approaches are selected for each child raised through non-standard,active forms and methods of training and education.
Objective of the project : developing in pupils the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Project objectives: 1. Formation of mo-motivation and responsibility for preserving one’s ownhealth, ensuring a healthy lifestyle by creating an environment in the group that is favorable for strengthening healthhealth
2. Organization of diverse and versatile activities of children to form a physically healthy personality,
3. Development of a holistichealth care systemsand its application for indigenousimproving the state and quality of health of all participants in the educational process;
Project target group: students of special general educationcorrectional boarding schoolVIIIkind
Project participants : administration, teacher-class teacher, teacher,teachers, school psychologist, medical staff boarding schools, students with disabilities, parents.
Project location: State budgetary educational institution for students and pupils with disabilities “Pestrechinskaya boarding school of the VIII type”
Project implementation timeline: 2013-2016.
Life cycle and stages of project implementation
I stage. Information and analytical - 2013-2014.
Stage II. Practical - 2014-2015
Stage III. Practice-summarizing 2015 -2016
Chapter I . Theoretical foundations of the project:
1.1
The first direction is "Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle"
A healthy lifestyle is a rational lifestyle, an integral feature of which is active activity aimed at maintaining and improving health. A lifestyle that promotes social and individual health, is the basis for prevention, protection and promotion of public health.
1.2
The second direction "Cultivating a culture of health"
Nurturing a culture of health is the creation of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the student’s personality as a subject of health-improving activities in accordance with his interests, inclinations, abilities, value systems for self-preservation of health, as well as knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a reasonable healthy lifestyle.
1.3
The third direction is “Prevention of bad habits”.
A bad habit is a way of behavior fixed in a person in relation to the person himself. The quality of life depends not only on compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle, but also on the habits that a person developed at a given age. The referral has a preventive effect on a number of bad habits, such as smoking, alcohol and drug use.
1.4
Fourth direction "Active and educational games"
Play is a natural companion of a child’s life and therefore meets the laws laid down by nature itself in developing organism a child - his insatiable need for cheerful movements. The advantage of active and educational games over strictly dosed exercises is that the game is always associated with initiative, imagination, creativity, is emotional, and stimulates motor activity.
Chapter II . Project implementation mechanism
2.1Structure of a complex of health and physical education activities used in a boarding school
(A) During the educational process
Physical education lessons from 1
12th grade 2-3 times a week;
Outside of physical education lessons:
Morning exercises;
Moving change;
Physical education minutes.
(B) During extracurricular and
extracurricular work
Prevention:
Poor posture;
Visual impairment.
Exercise therapy classes from 1st to 6th grade
2 times per week
Holding Health Days
and health lessons;
Classes in sports sections;
Carrying out sports
holidays.
2.2 Health-improving moments in the classroom and during extracurricular and extracurricular activities:
Physical education minutes, dynamic breaks
Minutes of relaxation
Breathing exercises
Gymnastics for the eyes
Massage of active points
2.3 Indicators (project effectiveness criteria, diagnostic methods) To solve the problems, a research method was used: analysis of methodological, psychological, pedagogical sources on the stated topic.
2.4 Expected results of the project implementation
1. Accepting the value of health as one of the main human values will allow students with disabilities to orient their behavior towards preserving and strengthening the health of themselves and those around them;
2. Successfully adapt to the educational and social space;
3. Expand Creative skills for students with disabilities;
4. To realize personal potential to the fullest and increase success in sports.
During the work to improve the health of children with disabilities, a system was developed that made it possible to record positive results: the incidence of illness in children has decreased, a culture of healthy lifestyle is being formed, and independent beliefs about health are being developed.
Previously, when only health workers had information about their health status, educators did not always have complete information. Filling out a health passport made it possible to work purposefully with children and conduct conversations about those disorders that are most common in the group.
Currently developed a large number of healthy lifestyle events. This includes the radio line “Travel around the city Zdoroveyka”, the correspondence trip “Why do teeth hurt”, the drawing competition “In healthy body-healthy mind”, lesson “Vegetables and fruits - vitamin products”, presentation “If you want to be healthy!”, “Say no to drugs!”, “Smoking is harmful to health”, compiling a crossword puzzle “Evil products”, etc. Topics of the DRC (diagnostics, regulation and correction) carried out in a group: the health of students in the daily routine of a boarding school; the student’s condition and level of comfort in school and group.
She has spoken repeatedly at methodological associations and pedagogical councils with topics on healthy lifestyles (“The influence of psychoactive substances on a teenager”), and we share our experience of working with “Methodological piggy bank of the group”.
The problem of children's health is in the hands of our teachers, doctors, parents, and no matter what the socio-economic conditions surround us. Protecting the health of children is our top priority. Health will become a value for a child if: - He develops an interest in this problem; - Is supported by entertaining, playful activities;
“Caring for human health, especially the health of a child, is, first of all, caring for the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity.”
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Literature:
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation;
3. Law of the Russian Federation "On Education";
4. Sanitary standards and rules approved by the joint
by resolution of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision;
5. Order 1418 of May 15, 2001 of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “On approval of the approximate regulations on the center for promoting the health of students and pupils of an educational institution.”
6. V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakova
“The main components of a healthy lifestyle in the educational process”, M., 2003.
7 G.P.Popova. “Extracurricular activities in correctional classes”, M., 2000.
8. L.A. Obukhova “New 135 health lessons, or the School of Doctors of Nature» Rotov on/D: Phoenix, 2009.
9. E.D. Khudenko “Organization and planning of educational work in a special boarding school, orphanage,” M., 2006.
10. Kvach N.V. Health-saving pedagogy. - M., “VLADOS”, 2001.
11. The health of our children.// Primary School, No. 8.9 - 2004
Applications
Appendix No. 1
Healthy lifestyle formation system
FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Fostering a healthy lifestyle culture
Treatment and preventive measures
physical Culture and sport
Wellness activities
Educational work
Introduction of new technologies
Program
extracurricular activities “Sport is health”
Goal and objectives of the program
Target: ensure the possibility of maintaining children’s health while studying at school; to teach children to be healthy in soul and body, to strive to create their own health, using knowledge and skills in accordance with the laws of nature, the laws of existence.
Tasks:
to develop in children the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for a healthy lifestyle;
to form in children the motivational sphere of hygienic behavior, safe life, physical education;
ensure physical and mental self-development;
teach how to use the acquired knowledge in everyday life;
achieve the need to comply with basic health rules.
Features of the program
This program is being builton the principles :
Scientific ; which are based on an analysis of statistical medical studies on the health status of schoolchildren.
Availability ; which determines the content of the course in accordance with the age characteristics of junior schoolchildren.
Systematicity ; defining the relationship and integrity of the content, forms and principles of the proposed course.
In this case, it is necessary to highlightpractical orientation course.
Providing motivation
Being healthy means being happy and successful in your future adult life.
The classes are of a scientific and educational nature.
Main activities of students:
discussion communication skills;
experiments;
a game.
The study of program material begins in 1st grade at a level accessible to primary schoolchildren, mainly in the form educational games and in the process of practical activity. In addition, each individual section of the course includes additional activities:
learning and performing songs;
organization of outdoor games;
conducting experiments;
performing physical exercises, exercises for relaxation, concentration, development of imagination;
The organization of educational classes assumes that any activity for children should become a lesson in joy, revealing to each child his own individuality and reserve capabilities of the body, which ensure increased levels of performance and adaptability.
It should not be a “memorization” lesson, in which, instead of achieving a healing effect, only an additional burden is created. Each lesson should become a real lesson in “health creativity”.
The program is designed for children 7-10 years old and has been implemented for 4 years. The number of students is 10-15 people.
Expected results
As a result of mastering the program, students should be able to:
comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements: maintain personal hygiene and exercise hygiene procedures during the day;
carry out active recreational activities;
shape your health.
Students should know:
factors affecting human health;
causes of certain diseases;
causes of injuries and rules of first aid;
types of hardening (staying in the fresh air, dousing, rubbing, sunbathing) and rules for hardening the body; influence of hardening on physical state and strengthening human health;
about the benefits of physical exercise for the harmonious development of a person;
basic forms physical activities and types of physical exercise.
Modern society and the rapid pace of its change place ever higher demands on people and their health. In recent years, more and more studies have considered the concept of “healthy lifestyle (HLS)” as a set of health measures that contribute to the improvement and strengthening of human health. And the components include: work activity, optimal motor mode, giving up bad habits, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition. In our opinion, a healthy lifestyle cannot be considered as a series of events. Compliance with a healthy lifestyle also depends on the internal mood, needs of a person, and his general culture.
Their mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the health and cheerfulness of children. Teenagers perceive their health as something natural, given for life. And children don’t even think about the fact that they need to take care of their health. It is possible to change a teenager’s attitude towards his health and personal lifestyle if he understands these values. It is known that water wears away stones, therefore, by creating an educational environment aimed at a single goal, it is possible to form in students a value-based attitude towards their health.
The goal of the work to create the need for a healthy lifestyle is to teach each student how to maintain and preserve health, to educate and develop children on the basis of health-saving knowledge, skills and abilities; formation of an emotional and value-based attitude towards one’s health.
This goal will contribute to the main goal of training and education - the achievement by each graduate of the maximum possible independence and autonomy. Pedagogical tasks corresponding to the formed goal:
· Correctional and educational: formation of knowledge about the human body, its functioning in different social and natural conditions, about health factors and healthy lifestyle.
· Correctional and developmental: correction and development among pupils cognitive processes(perception, thinking, memory, attention) based on establishing the relationship between the human body and the environment, developing the will in accepting and implementing the components of a healthy lifestyle.
· Correctional and educational: the formation of a personality adapted to natural and social conditions, responsible for their health and the health of other people, strengthening their physical health, striving to protect the immediate environment.
The organization of work to create the need for a healthy lifestyle in an orphanage has its own characteristics.
Success correctional work is aimed at overcoming shortcomings in the development of children; in a specialized orphanage, it depends on the complex interaction of all adults participating in the educational process.
Children with intellectual disabilities of any clinical grade, due to the characteristics of their psychophysical development, have various defects that aggravate the secondary defect - a persistent impairment of the cognitive sphere. Therefore, the problems of correction and elimination, smoothing out violations must be considered from the perspective of improvement and enrichment through a properly organized correctional and developmental environment.
Pedagogical conditions should be “provoking development.” From childhood on, it is necessary to create an educational and cognitive environment around our children that would be saturated with the attributes and customs of a healthy lifestyle. The implementation of healthy lifestyle in the daily activities of children should be carried out on the basis of the formation of traditions. Creating traditions is a long-term process. It is important not only to accumulate knowledge, but also to find practical and constant application for it at the level of natural needs, habits and attachments. It is not enough to know and understand, it is important to live it.
Cultivating healthy lifestyle habits involves the unity of two components:
First component designed to equip students with knowledge about the culture of health and physical culture. For this purpose, classes are conducted to familiarize and reinforce the rules of personal hygiene, life safety, as well as the formation of skills and abilities in matters of personal hygiene, nutrition, correct posture, preservation of vision and hearing, prevention of diseases and bad habits. We begin the story about health in the narrow sense - the absence of diseases in a person (a healthy person is active, cheerful, has good mood, it is easier for him to study and work). What does health depend on? Nutrition, daily routine, personal hygiene, physical activity, walks in the fresh air, hardening. Gradually the material becomes more complex.
Second component– physical education and health activities during the day: gymnastics, walking, correctional breaks, physical education holidays, health days, hardening, massage.
Program consists of three blocks:
I. Correctional and educational activities.
II. Physical education and health activities.
III. Lesson program "Know yourself."
Correctional and educational activities:
1)Creation of gentle, favorable conditions for children: strict adherence to the daily routine, inclusion in a healthy sleep regimen after lunch.
2) Conditions have been created to satisfy the biological need of children for movement: basketball and volleyball courts, a sports and gymnastics complex, and a football field are equipped on the territory of the orphanage. The orphanage building has a gym, tennis table, and mini trampoline. For physical education classes purchased: skis, skates, scooters, footballs and basketballs, darts. The orphanage also has equipment for tourist work - it purchased its own catamaran. The accumulated didactic material allows you to properly organize correctional and educational work.
3) An effective means of preventing fatigue and improving general condition is physical education; they are carried out during self-preparation.
4) Correctional breaks are carried out throughout the day in the orphanage. Corrective breaks include a variety of eye exercises, acupressure, and finger exercises.
5) Prevention of postural disorders - in groups, teachers conduct morning exercises, taking into account correction. It includes a traditional set of simulation exercises to develop attention and accuracy in performing actions. The main purpose of morning exercises is to lift your mood and muscle tone child, as well as to ensure the prevention of poor posture.
6) A set of recreational activities: organizing physical activity while walking.
7) Swimming in the pool.
8)Use of massage in correctional work:
a) Acupressure is the use of fingers on biologically active points (performed by a specialist).
b) Self-massage of fingers and hands - develops fine motor skills of the hands.
V) Finger gymnastics– is necessary to relieve tension from the fingers, as well as to develop their mobility and flexibility.
Physical education and health activities:
The main emphasis is on developing skills and teaching children movements, motor actions, formation of physical qualities, familiarization with the rules of physical exercise.
1) Organization of motor mode: motor activity creates the energy basis for the growth and formation of the body system, normal physical and psychological development.
Physical activity is a good means of child mental hygiene. The concentration of excitation in the nerve centers associated with the work of muscles leads them to active inhibition, which take on the load during mental work. Movement relieves mental tension, stress, irritation and fatigue, and improves the well-being of children.
During physical exercise, such personal qualities like endurance, courage. By moving, the child learns about the world around him.
Maintaining and strengthening health is impossible without observing the rules of personal hygiene - a set of measures to care for the skin of the body, hair, oral cavity, clothing, and shoes. When developing hygiene skills, you must adhere to the following rules:
* systematic, gradual and sequence of activities,
*taking into account the psycho-emotional state of the child,
*conformity of methods and techniques age characteristics pupils,
*coordination of actions and demands of adults,
*example of others,
*justification of the importance of acquiring and consolidating basic hygiene skills.
Skills become strong if they are constantly reinforced: at home, at a party, on hikes.
Of great importance leisure, whose main task is to give children pleasure and create a joyful mood. It is very important that all children are active, joyful, relaxed, and friendly towards each other. Participation in sports and games improves the formation of speech and thinking.
An effective means of education, training and health improvement is hiking trip. The main goal of the hike is health-improving, and the most important goal is the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
Joint activities in nature contribute not only to physical development, but also moral education, creates positive emotions, unites children.
Cycle of lessons “Know yourself”
In order for the work to create the need for a healthy lifestyle to be more effective, it is not enough just to create the necessary conditions for correctional, restorative and physical education activities. It is necessary that every student realize the value of his life, learn to take care of himself and his health, so that he develops a need for a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary that the words “A healthy mind in a healthy body!” acquired personal meaning for the student. For this purpose, special classes. For new children, classes are aimed at learning and reinforcing the rules of personal hygiene and life safety. In the future, knowledge and skills are deepened in matters of personal hygiene, nutrition, correct posture, preservation of vision and hearing, prevention of diseases and bad habits, methods of first aid, and familiarization with elementary medicinal plants. Pupils are reinforced with ideas about the importance of cultural and hygienic skills in human life, they develop ideas about the integrity of the human body, the interdependence of all its systems, as well as about their own relationships with the outside world.
