Women stars with large feet. What shoes do stars with very large feet wear?

There are 3 main body types: 1. Thin-boned (asthenic) body type. In women with this body type, the limbs are long, the bones are thin, the neck is also long and thin, the muscles are relatively poorly developed. As a rule, representatives of the thin-boned type have light weight; they are active, active and even

Choosing a diet, any woman hopes to become more attractive, to please others, to get a chance to climb the corporate ladder. By setting a goal, you can put up with some food restrictions, and then they will not seem debilitating. But first you should still find out what result you need to strive for.

Ideal figure - ideal weight

First of all, you will have to buy scales in order to find out your real weight with their help. Only after that it will be possible to determine how many kilograms to get rid of. True, there are situations when you have to increase the weight to get the perfect figure. After all, people differ from each other not only in character, appearance, but also in the structure of the body. Therefore, in order to establish ideal proportions it is very important to correctly define customized type physique.

Body types of a woman

There are 3 main body types:
1. Thin-boned (asthenic) body type. In women with this body type, the limbs are long, the bones are thin, the neck is also long and thin, the muscles are relatively poorly developed. As a rule, representatives of the thin-boned type are light in weight; they are active, active, and even with enhanced nutrition, they do not immediately gain weight, as they spend energy faster than they accumulate.
2. Normal (normosthenic) body type. Women of this physique were lucky. As a rule, they have a beautiful, proportionally folded figure. The main dimensions of the body differ in the correct ratio.
3. Broad-boned (hypersthenic). In representatives of this body type, the transverse dimensions of the body are larger than in normosthenics and asthenics. They are distinguished by wide, thick and heavy bones; their shoulders, chest and hips are wide; legs are short. Women with this type of physique are the most prone to fullness. They have to be especially strict about their diet.

To determine the type of physique, it is enough to measure the circumference of the wrist working hand: in asthenics it is less than 16 cm, in normosthenics it is from 16 to 18.5 cm, in hypersthenics it is more than 18.5 cm.

growth rate

A woman's height plays an important role in determining her ideal weight. For a long time The following gradations of women's height were considered classic:
- low - 150 cm and below;
- below average - 151-156 cm;
- medium - 157-167 cm;
- high - 168-175 cm;
- very high - 176 cm and above.

In the last quarter of the XX century. in connection with acceleration, changes were made to this scale: for women with large bones and with normal type average (normal) physique can be considered from 166 to 170 cm, and for thin-boned - from 168 to 172 cm.

Leg length

Obviously, height is largely dependent on the length of the legs. After the profession of fashion model has become one of the most prestigious and highly paid, long legs came into vogue. But in practice, of course, one has to be content with what nature has given. The length of the legs should be measured from the trochanteric point (this is the tubercle femur opposite hip joint) to the floor.

As a rule, long legs are characteristic of tall women of normosthenic and especially asthenic type physique. Small women usually have short legs, but if they are proportional to height, then the figure does not suffer. If the length of the legs is more than half the height, the physique can be considered correct (proportions are observed). Legs are considered short only if their length is less than half the height. Most often, this disproportion occurs in short women hypersthenic body type. But even in this case, you can visually hide the existing disproportion with the help of shoes with heels.

A beautiful figure can also be considered if the length of the legs is more than half the height by the following value:
- in broad-boned - by 2-4 cm or more;
- in those with a normal body type - by 4-6 cm;
- in thin-boned - by 6-9 cm.

For example, if with a height of 168 cm and a normal body type, the length of a woman’s legs is 90 cm, then the proportions of her figure can be considered ideal: 90 - (168: 2) = 6.

Harmony of horizontal lines

Having found out the norms of vertical proportions, you can begin to determine the horizontal ratios. First you need to measure the circumference of the chest, waist and hips. The traditional fashion model standards (90-60-90) are good for tall beauties on the catwalk. A short, plump woman who wants to look stately and attractive should strive for other standards.

For women with a normal body type, the ideal ratio is in which the circumference chest is equal to half the height plus 2-5 cm. To determine the size of the bust, you need to measure the circumference of the chest and add 8-10 cm to the resulting result. To calculate the ideal waist size, subtract 100-105 cm from the height indicator. about 30 cm.

For thin-boned girls, the ratio can be considered normal, in which the circumference of the chest is 84-86 cm, and the circumference of the bust is 4-6 cm more than these values. The waist of such girls is usually thin - 60-64 cm, and the hip circumference is about 30 cm larger. In women with a broad-boned body type, these figures are much higher. So, the circumference of the chest should exceed half the height by 8-10 cm; to determine the circumference of the bust, another 8-10 cm should be added to the circumference of the chest. With a height of 166-168 cm, a waist with a circumference of 70-76 cm will be ideal; the circumference of the hips should be 25-28 cm more.

The ratio of height and weight. Methods for determining weight

So, body weight depends on the type of physique, height and age of a person. Modern woman the easiest way to define your normal weight trusting the calculations of science. The easiest way is to use the formula proposed back in the 19th century. famous French anthropologist Paul Broca: weight in kilograms is equal to height in centimeters minus 100. Today, this formula can be left for older people. For 18-50 year olds the latest ideas, it is necessary to subtract another 5-10% of the weight from the resulting result.

You can calculate normal weight quite accurately using the so-called Quetelet index: weight in grams must be divided by height in centimeters. For women aged 16 to 40 years, height in centimeters should be multiplied by a weight-to-height factor appropriate for age and body type. On average, it may look like this: with a thin-boned body type, it is enough to have 325 g of weight for each centimeter of growth; for women with a normal body type - 350 g, and for those who have a large-boned type - 375 g.

It must be emphasized that ideal weight women (especially those whose height is below 160 cm) should be 10-15% less than normal. For short women up to at least 20 years of age, it is desirable to have a weight of 3-5 kg ​​less than normal.


Table of the ratio of height and weight of women

Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg
148 46,4 149 46,8 150 47,4 151 47,8
152 48,3 153 48,9 154 49,4 155 49,9
156 50,5 157 51,0 158 51,6 159 52,1
160 52,6 161 53,2 162 53,9 163 54,5
164 55,1 165 55,8 166 56,6 167 57,4
168 58,1 169 58,8 170 59.5 171 60,2
172 60,9 173 61,7 174 62,4 175 63,1
176 63,8 177 64,5 178 65,2 179 65,9
180 66,7 181 67,4 182 68,1 183 68,8
184 69,5 185 70,2


Table of the ratio of height and weight of men

Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg Height, cm Weight, kg
158 56,4 159 57,0 160 57,6 161 58,2
162 58,7 163 59,2 164 59,8 165 60,3
166 60,9 167 61,5 168 62,2 169 62,9
170 63,7 171 64,4 172 65,2 173 66,0
174 66,7 175 67,4 176 68,1 177 68,9
178 69,6 179 70,4 180 71,2 181 72,0
182 72,8 183 73,6 184 74,4 185 75,2
186 76,0 187 76,8 188 77,6 189 78,5
190 79,4 191 80,3 192 81,2 193 82,1
194 83,0 195 839

A large foot size is not a reason for frustration - nature does not make "consumer goods". Yes, and men do not choose the size of their feet, there is nothing to be ashamed of. A similar "problem" exists with movie stars and stage stars - and they do not complex.

Uma Thurman (Shoe size: 42 Height: 183 cm)

The legs of Uma Thurman were sung by the great entertainer and original director Quentin Tarantino in his sensational film Kill Bill. He literally praised the imperfect and long feet of his muse for several minutes, aiming a camera at them. Many even joke that Tarantino is in love with legs, because ordinary women to achieve success with the master is unrealistic.

Nicole Kidman (Shoe size: 42 Height: 180 cm)

The red-haired beauty also does not differ in small feet, however, this does not prevent her from running 10 km daily and being considered an actress whose legs can be inscribed in the ideals of beauty.

Michelle Obama (Shoe size: 42 Height: 182 cm)

The wife of US President Barack Obama allows herself to be shown in public in shorts. And according to polls, 83% of Americans approve of it. Therefore, the first lady is considered one of the most elegant women America.

Paris Hilton (Shoe size: 43. Height: 173 cm)

The problem with the 43rd leg size prevented fashionista Paris from wearing the most trendy new items of the season, which she talked about more than once in her interviews. Having suffered with her problem, Paris decided to create a women's line of shoes for women with non-standard foot sizes. It is worth noting that the idea was implemented quite successfully, and Paris was able to make good money on her business.

Monica Bellucci (Shoe size: 44. Height: 178 cm)

Huge by standard standards, the size of Monica's legs does not prevent her from being. Since childhood, this beauty - the daughter of an Italian and an Iranian - street vendors shouted after her, "Your grandmother has sinned with the devil!" And now all the women of the world envy her, and men cannot look away.

What to do if you are still shy?

  1. Choose black shoes, as they visually attract less attention. The same applies to patent leather shoes, it is better not to wear them.
  2. Pay attention to shoes with rounded toes. But not stretched out.
  3. If you are the owner of a large foot, then you are better off buying shoes with heels. The difference in the location of the toe and heel visually reduces the foot.
  4. There should be some colorful or bright detail in the clothes, it always distracts the eyes of others from your legs.

For most of us, it is very interesting to observe the style of celebrities. What clothes do they choose, what hairstyle do they choose, what designers do they prefer, how do they do their makeup, etc. What shoes do they wear ..
A small graceful leg - was considered the ideal of perfection
Owners of the 35th size of the foot - Cinderella :) Hayden Panettiere, Christina Aguilera 35.5, Sarah Jessica Parker 36.5
But ... what about the owners of the legs from the 41st size .., given that the constant wearing of high-heeled shoes helps to increase the foot by another 1-2 sizes.
"From high heels the leg is deformed, this has been known for a long time. You have to lean on your toes, because of this they bend and become a little longer. The rise of the leg becomes larger to make it more convenient to distribute the weight in an unusual position. So if you don't want to wear a size or two larger as you get older, watch your weight and don't wear high heels too often."

Meg Ryan
Shoe size: 42
Height: 173 cm

Nicole Kidman Nicole Kidman
Shoe size: 42
Height: 180 cm

Cameron Diaz
Shoe size: 40
Height: 174 cm

Angelina Jolie
Shoe size: 42
Height: 175 cm

Uma Thurman
Shoe size: 42
Height: 183 cm

A high heel of course hides the size of the foot, but without a heel - it's just flippers....
Elle Macpherson

Shoe size: 42 Height: 183 cm

Pamela Anderson
Shoe size: 42 Height: 162 cm

Paris Hilton (Paris Hilton)
Shoe size: 42-43 Height: 173 cm

Claudia Schiffer
Shoe size: 42.5 Height: 178 cm

Monica Bellucci
Shoe size: 44 Height: 178 cm

Tyra Banks (Tyra Banks)
Shoe size: 43 Height: 178 cm

Owners big size legs may not be upset, because there is even more
According to the Guinness Book of Records, the owner of the largest foot size is Brian Takiul, a native of Morocco. At 29 years old, he has a height of 2m 46cm. By European standards, he has a size 58 foot.

Emma Cahill, is the owner of the largest female size feet in Europe.
She is 19 years old, and she has to make all the shoes to order, because she has a 48th foot size.

The trick to hide the size of the foot is to wear shoes one size larger. It turns out that some stars often resort to this trick to show their heel on the red carpet .... hmmm, it’s strange, of course, it always seemed to me that if the foot is 42 sizes, then wear shoes of the 43rd to constantly show through the heels .... it will be comical to look like....))

Those who do not adhere to this trick suffer from other problems - from wearing tight and small shoes.

There are different formulas for determining the optimal ratio of weight and height. But all of them are very, very conditional, since they do not take into account many factors: age, gender and physiological features person. Therefore, excess fat should be assessed not only by the conditional ratios presented in this table, but also by appearance, thickness skin and a number of other factors. With the same height and weight, one person may look full, the other - completely normal.

The objective parameter of an ideal body is the percentage of fat and musculoskeletal tissue. For men, the norm is 9 - 15% of fat from total weight body, and for women - from 12 to 20%.

Quetelet index

The Quetelet index, obviously, shows the amount of fat in the body quite well, but does not indicate how fat is distributed in the body, in other words, it does not give a visual-aesthetic picture.

Thus, you can check your body for ideality according to one more formula. The distribution of fat throughout the body is determined by the ratio:

waist (at the level of the navel) / volume of the buttocks.

The norm for men is 0.85

For women - 0.65 - 0.85.

Does age affect height-to-weight ratio?

The answer is unequivocal. Yes, of course it does. Proved that the weight men and women with age should gradually increase is normal physiological process. Kilograms, which some people consider "superfluous", in fact, they may not be. Can be used to determine the optimal weight formula according to age. P - in this case height and B is age in years. Body weight \u003d 50 + 0.75 (P - 150) + (B - 20): 4

Growth

in cm

Age

Growth

in cm

Age

Tracks on the snow cover in daylight are photographed using yellow or orange filters, which reduce the effect of ultraviolet rays reflected by the snow and improve image quality.

Surface footprints, painted in one color or another (for example, blood marks), it is advisable to photograph on color photographic materials, and on black and white - using a light filter, taking into account the color of the surface on which they are located.

Rice. 3. The location of light sources when photographing three-dimensional footprints of shoes

The path of footprints, if it is short, is photographed in its entirety one frame from the side. A longer trail of tracks is best photographed from the side in a linear panoramic way. When shooting, you need to ensure that the camera moves strictly parallel to the line of direction of movement, and the shooting points should be at an equal distance from the track of traces. These points are planned in advance in such a way that they overlap with each subsequent frame. If there are no natural landmarks at the intended shooting points, they can be replaced with pegs. If the features of the gait are imprinted in the footprints, it is advisable to shoot from above with a scale bar.

But even a non-professional is quite capable of coping on their own with the task of measuring the length of the leg without the Brannock device. To do this, stand on a piece of paper and circle the foot with a pencil. Sitting down to take measurements is not worth it. Without load (body weight), the size of the foot is 1 - 1.5 cm smaller than the real one. It will be easier if you put on a sock. Then you need to measure the distance between the two extreme points in the figure. This will be the length of the foot, or the size of the shoes in metric system adopted on the territory of the CIS. Both legs must be measured. Usually, right leg larger than the left, so the size of the shoe is often determined precisely by it.

In our time, acceleration has made some changes to this scale, so now normal height is considered for women with normosthenic and wide-boned from 166 to 170 cm, and the thin-boned type of women has normal growth from 168 cm to 172. Also, growth also depends on the length of the legs, which is measured from the floor to the trochanteric point (a tubercle on the thigh opposite the hip joint). It's believed that ideal figure women - if the length of the legs is more than half the height by the following value:

  • in the asthenic type - by 6-9 cm;
  • in hypersthenic - by 2-4 cm;
  • in a normal one - by 4-6 cm.

Women in the race for ideal weight often bring the body to too much thinness. It is especially important for them to know normal index your body to avoid unpleasant consequences strict diets.

The version of nutritionist E. Chudinova on how to correctly calculate individual body mass index and avoid anorexia or obesity, see the video:

The frame size of a road bike is made in the same way as for road bikes and can be viewed from the table below:

Sizes of children's bicycles

How to choose the right bike for a child by height in the table below:

The bulk method is used in cases where the bottom of the track is covered with water or wet snow, which, if removed, may damage the sole print. In this case, dry gypsum powder is poured through a sieve directly onto the surface of the water left in the trace. After the gypsum is saturated with moisture, a new layer is poured, the frame is laid and a layer of gypsum is applied again. When making a cast from a track covered with wet snow, it is moistened with chilled water using a spray bottle, and then sifted dry gypsum is applied in layers, as indicated above.

In the combined method, bulk is initially used, and then, after the formation of a dense crust of gypsum, it is moistened with water, the frame is laid and poured with a creamy gypsum solution.

Preliminary study of footprints (shoes). Determining the number of shoes on the trail. The sizes of the main types of footwear in Russia are usually expressed in arbitrary units - shtihmass. One shtikh-mass is equal to 6.6 mm. Shoe size is last size. Therefore, having measured the trace, you must first reduce the resulting number by one (usually the trace is longer than the block by about I cm), then the resulting number must be divided by 6.6.

For example, the length of the footprint is 28 cm. It is required to determine the number of the shoe that left the footprint. To do this, subtract one from 28, we get 27 cm (or 270 mm); then 270 (mm) divided by 6.6 and we get 41 (approximately). Therefore, the shoe number in shtichmass is 41.

In the case of fuzzy display of sole contours in the footprint in the areas of measuring the length of the sole or the width of its parts, as well as in the presence of only fragments of the footprint (heel, outsole), to obtain data on the total length of the footprint or its width, it is necessary to use data based on the anthropometric dependence of sizes parts of the foot (Fig. 7).

Determination of the conformity of shoes to the size of the foot. In the 3D footprint, a rise in the center of the outsole indicates wear on the midsole. This is typical for shoes that match the size of the foot. If the wear trace falls on back soles - the shoes are large, and if on the front - the shoes are small. The non-printing of the toe in the surface trace suggests that the toe is bent up, that is, the shoes are large.

Rice. 7. The average relationship between the size of the foot and its separate parts(D - foot length)

Determination of the type and style of shoes. The characteristic of the style of shoes consists of the following signs: sock shape; the width and curvature of the inner and outer edges of the outsole; width and height of the heel; distance between heel and outsole. So, the presence of prints of a large relief pattern is typical for boots and low shoes on a molded rubber sole; rounded shape of traces with fuzzy edges - for boots; the small size of the heel print, which is located at a considerable distance from the sole, with the small size of the entire trace - for women's shoes; the presence of prints of a figured large relief of a pattern - for sneakers, etc.

A hypothetical judgment about a person's height. A hypothetical conclusion about the growth of a person along the footprint of a shoe is made using following table, based on average data on the ratio of human height and the length of the footprint of shoes:

Table 1.

Footprint length in mm

The number by which to multiply the length of a shoe's footprint to get height data

Footprint length in mm

However, a beautiful low timbre is not yet an indication that the same man is the owner of a large penis.

As practice shows, sometimes a man with a high voice can boast that he has big penis. Note to all the ladies: you should not expect that the owner of a chic baritone is hiding in the pants of the "serpent Gorynych".

8. According to the sexual orientation of the man

There are rumors that the size of the penis of homosexual men exceeds the size of those who have a normal orientation. Why did such a theory arise?

Perhaps it's all about the very same prenatal hormone that affects the size and structure of the genital organs and certain areas of the brain, which in turn affect sexual orientation person.

How to choose cross-country skis and poles

Skier's height, cm Skis for the classic course, cm Skis universal, cm Skis for skating, cm Sticks for the classic move, cm Sticks for skating, cm
150 170/160 170 165 120 130
155 180 170/180 170 125 135
160 185 180 175 130 140
165 190 185 180 135 145
170 195 190 185 140 150
175 200 195/200 190 145 155
180 205 200/205 190/195 150 160
185 205/210 205 195 155 165
190 210 205 195 160 170
195 210 205 195 165 175

Many people prefer not to determine their fullness of the foot, because for most people it falls into standard size and usually adhere to the following standard values ​​​​(American scale, the same as English):

B- narrow fullness of the foot,
D– average, standard fullness of the foot
E- slightly fuller than average fullness,
EE- wide, full foot.

You can determine your fullness of the foot using a very simple formula:

W = 0.25 B - 0.15 C - A

W- the desired number of completeness,
AT- girth in bundles in mm,
FROM– foot length in mm,
BUT- constant coefficient determined from the table:

Measure the circumference of the foot at the widest point of the toe and the length of the foot using a centimeter. After that, simple calculations are carried out according to the formula. For example, you are a man - your foot length is 220 mm, girth is 205 mm, we consider: 205 × 0.25 = 51.25 minus 220 × 0.15 = 33 minus 17. Total 1.25. Therefore, your completeness according to the Russian system is 1.

Then, if you need data on the fullness of the leg in the system of another country, you can use the table that we posted above. The American system for measuring the fullness of shoes is practically the same as the English one.

Glove sizing

Notes:

The child's foot should always be smaller than the insole.

The difference in the length of the insoles in shoes of the same size from different manufacturers can vary up to 1 cm

If the foot size fluctuates between shoe sizes, then round the result to the nearest 5 mm.

for example, the length of the pattern turned out to be 18.9 cm + 0.5 cm = 19.4 (respectively, this is 31 sizes)

If the size of the leg fluctuates between two sizes, pay attention to the fullness of the leg: if the leg is thin from the controversial sizes, choose the smaller one.

Worked on this article:

Julia Nemykina,
copywriter,

child psychologist

Charming Monica Belucci is one of the sexiest actresses of our time. A hot Italian girl is not afraid to act naked, takes part in scandalous provocative photo shoots with pleasure, appears on the red carpet in a very revealing outfits. The beauty is known for her sense of style and good taste. Therefore, it is not surprising that many are interested in the size of Monica Belucci's legs, as well as other celebrity parameters.

Some information

Beauty Monica Bellucci was born in 1964 in the small Italian town of Citta di Castello. AT young age the girl was forced to work as a model to pay for her own education. Her career was quite fast-paced. In 1988, Monica moved to Milan, where she decided to give herself completely to the haute couture world, but after two years she decided to conquer the cinema.

On the screen, she was quickly noticed due to her attractive appearance. Now Monica is one of the most popular Italian actresses, she has many roles on her account, among which we will name the most famous tapes:

  • "Malena".
  • "irreversibility".
  • "Passion of Christ".
  • Bellucci often became the face of leading brands in the beauty industry, starred in commercials.

    Foot size

    The former model and actress is among the famous women with non-standard settings. So, Monica Bellucci's foot size is 41st, so choosing beautiful feminine shoes for her is a real problem.

    Some other recognized beauties of the modern world also differ in the large size of the foot:

    • Tyra Banks and Paris Hilton wear the 43rd.
    • Pamela Anderson, Uma Thurman, Heidi Klum - 42nd.
    • Cindy Crawford - 41st.

    Some foreign media periodically write that Monica Belucci's foot size is 44th, not every man has such a large foot, so the celebrity becomes the leader of the list. This, however, did not prevent the actress from becoming popular and famous and for many years in a row being recognized as one of the most desirable women in the world.

    Options

    Let's get acquainted with some parameters of the figure of a seductive Italian:

    • Height 171 cm.
    • Weight from 63 to 65 kg.
    • Eye color is brown.
    • Hair color often changed, but all her life Monica adheres to various shades chocolate, sometimes - with a light red or cognac tint.
    • Bust 91 cm.
    • Waist circumference 62 cm.
    • Hips 92 cm.

    External attractiveness is not the only trump card of Monica Belucci, whose figure parameters are presented above. This woman is fluent in several foreign languages:

    • English;
    • Spanish
    • French
    • Persian.

    For one of the roles, she even learned sign language.

    The favorite color of the actress is black, in many photos she appears in rather strict elegant outfits that perfectly emphasize the merits of the smooth curves of her body.

    Style and makeup

    Monica Belucci's miniature figure hasn't stopped this actress from becoming a recognized style icon worthy of emulation. This woman does not take shocking images, she always looks elegant, but sexy. She prefers hair color close to her natural, only occasionally updating it. So, at the beginning of her career on TV, the actress tinted red, then changed this color to chocolate. In make-up, she prefers calm shades; it is rare to find Bellucci with a bright “war paint”. Most often, she slightly brings her eyes up with a black pencil, makes neat straight arrows, uses shades of brown, purple, gray tones.

    They allow her to dress seductively and frankly, but the celebrity is not fond of excessive exposure in public. Possessing good taste, she either puts on long dress with a frank neckline, or opens legs. Well-chosen jewelry completes perfect image. The size of Monica Bellucci's feet does not prevent her from choosing elegant shoes or boots.

    Beauty secrets

    Knowing the date of birth, it is easy to calculate how old Monica Belucci is. So, in 2017, she turned 53 years old, but at the same time, the Italian looks very attractive, which is why she was named “Sophie Loren No. 2”.

    It is known that Monica never in her life to plastic surgeons did not apply. What is the secret of her impeccable appearance?

    • Regular swimming and yoga classes will help keep the body in order.
    • Every morning the actress starts with contrast shower which perfectly tones the skin.
    • According to Monica, you should not wash your hair too often, 1-2 times a week is more than enough. Rub into the roots olive oil then the curls will become thick.
    • A strict diet helps the actress bounce back before filming, but Everyday life she prefers not to deny herself food.
    • Bellucci loves Italian cuisine, but tries to eat in small portions.

    The height and weight of Monica Belucci, her feminine forms cause admiration and envy, although the actress herself mentioned in an interview that external data is not the most important thing in a person, it is much more important to remain a person. The celebrity does not consider her figure to be ideal, arguing that everyone will not be able to please everyone anyway, so it’s easier to remain yourself. She is not afraid of old age, considering it a normal life process, she does not try to artificially look younger. And it's still beautiful.

    
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