Martisor and Baba Marta - an old holiday of the arrival of spring.

Mărţişor (Mold. Mărţişor, Mărţişor, Mărţiguş, Rum. Mărţişor, Arum. M`arţu from Mold. martie, Marty "March") - traditional holiday meeting of spring in Moldova and Romania. Celebrated on March 1st. On this day, people give each other small boutonnieres in the form of flowers made of threads of white and red flowers. This decoration, as well as the holiday, is called martisor.

In Bulgaria, there is a similar holiday called Baba Marta, and on this day it is customary to give martenichki or, as they are also called, Martenitsy.

Origin legends

According to one legend, on the first day of March, the beautiful Spring came to the edge of the forest, looked around and saw a snowdrop breaking out from under the snow on a thawed patch of thorn bushes. She decided to help him and began to clear the ground around, freeing him from thorny branches. Winter saw this and was furious. She waved her hands, called cold wind with snow to destroy the primrose. A weak flower drooped under the cruel wind. But Spring covered the sprout with her hands and pricked herself with a blackthorn. A drop of hot blood fell from her wounded hand, and the flower came to life. So Spring conquered Winter. The colors of the Martisor symbolize her red blood on the white snow.

According to another legend, the sun descended to earth in the form beautiful girl. But the evil Serpent stole it and locked it in his palace. After that, the birds stopped singing, the children forgot what fun and laughter are, and the whole world plunged into sadness. One brave young man decided to save the Sun. whole year he was looking for the palace of the Serpent, and when he found it, he challenged him to battle. They fought for a long time, and in the end the young man defeated the Serpent. He released the beautiful Sun. It rose to heaven and lit up the whole world. Spring came, nature came to life, people remembered what joy is, but the brave young man did not have time to see spring. His warm blood dripped onto the snow. The last drop of blood fell, he died of his wounds. Where the snow melted, white flowers grew - snowdrops, heralds of spring. Since then, in honor of the liberator of the world from darkness and sadness, people have been weaving two cords with white and red flowers. The red color symbolizes the love of beauty and the memory of the blood of the deceased youth, and the white color symbolizes the health and purity of the snowdrop, the first spring flower.

Story

The historical roots of Martisor remain a mystery, but it is generally believed that this holiday originated during the Roman Empire, when New Year Celebrated on March 1, the month of the god Mars. Mars was not only the god of war, but also the god of agriculture, contributing to the revival of nature. This duality is reflected in Martisor, where white and red can be understood as symbols of peace and war.

Archaeological excavations in Romania prove that amulets, like the modern martisor, existed about 8 thousand years ago. Then they were made in the form of small stones, painted in white and red, worn around the neck. Martisor was first mentioned by Iordache Golescu. Folklorist Simon Florea Marian wrote that in Moldova and Bukovina the martisor consisted of gold or silver coin on a red and white thread that children wore around their necks. The girls also wore a martisor around their necks for the first 12 days of spring, and then weaved it into their hair until the storks arrived or until the first trees bloomed. Then a red-white thread was tied to a tree, and porridge (a type of sheep's cheese) was bought with a coin.

Traditions

Martisors are worn on clothes for the whole month, and on March 31 they are removed and hung on flowering plants. fruit trees. It is believed that thanks to this, people will be successful throughout the coming year. According to legend, if you make a wish by hanging a martisor on a tree, it will surely come true. In early April, in many cities and villages of Moldova, you can see trees hung with martisors.

In Moldova, March 1 of each year begins music Festival"Martisor". This festival was first held in 1967.

In some parts of Romania, martisors are not worn throughout March, but only for the first two weeks. It is believed to bring health and well-being. In Transylvanian villages, martisors are tied to doors, windows, horns of domestic animals, as it is believed that they drive away evil spirits and give vitality. There is a belief in Bihor County that one should wash oneself with rainwater collected on March 1st in order to become more beautiful and healthier. In Banat, girls collect water or snow from strawberry leaves and wash themselves to be loved. In Dobruja, the martisor is worn until the storks arrive, and then they throw it into the sky so that happiness is “big and winged”.

Every year March 1 one of the most beloved national holidays is celebrated - Martisor. The celebration begins on March 1 and on this day people give each other small red and white boutonniere talismans (martisors), saying: "Live and bloom like apple trees in the heart of spring."

Spring in Moldova is welcomed with a holiday called "Martisor".Name"Martisor" comes from "martie", which means "March" in Romanian.

In the past martisor worn on the most sensitive places on the body, the guys wore on the wrists or legs, and the girls on the neck. According to custom, the martisor had to attach the mother in the morning before sunrise. Wearing a martisor for at least 12 days or until full moon or before the arrival of storks or before the trees began to bloom, sometimes before (Rusalii). When they took off the martisor, they put it on flowering trees. They believed that the martisor would bring happiness to those who wore it worthily. The first days of March remind us of the New Year, which used to be celebrated in the spring.

In early April, in many cities and villages of Moldova, you can see trees densely hung with martisors. There is a belief that if you make a wish at that moment, it will surely come true. It is believed that this talisman brings happiness and good luck for the whole year.

The symbolism of the threads is white and red. The red thread was once black, then it was Archaic martisor with white and black thread. He personified the unity of opposites - good and evil. White meant purity, while black represented strength, the energy of life. Let's decipher more deep meaning these two colors - white, black or red, which have come down to us. The red color had and has a special effect on people. It is believed that this color has the strongest effect on the senses, being a symbol of beauty, youth, health and wealth. It is associated in many archaic cultures with the onset of spring, birth and marriage, that is, it is the beginning of beginnings. It was also believed that it protects babies during the transition from one season to another, and therefore they often still tie a red thread to newborn calves, lambs, especially newborn children.

Specialists draw our attention to the fact that this red good color fire is the basis, energy principle of all life that was born from the black earth. Thus, we note that red and black have been interchangeable substitutes for centuries, and that the more aggressive red was preferred to black. In general terms, we have described to you the symbolism of the colors of Martisor.

Even the people knew that if March 1 weather good, the whole spring will be like that, and if the day is rainy, then the year will be rich. On this day it is necessary to leave windows and doors wide open for the spring air to enter, and those who want to be free from fleas should eat a lot of nettles.

holiday legend tells that on the first day of March, the beautiful Spring came to the edge of the forest, looked around and saw a snowdrop breaking out from under the snow in the thickets of blackthorn. She hurried to the rescue and began to clear the ground around, freeing him from thorny branches. Winter, seeing this, became furious and called on a cold wind with snow to destroy the flower. But Spring covered the tender plant with her hands and pricked herself with thorns. A drop of hot blood fell from her wounded hand, and the flower came to life. So the colors of the martisor symbolize her red blood on white snow and the victory of Spring over Winter.

This is such a beautiful legend.

We meet spring!

Competition"Pedagogical holiday in kindergarten»

Program content:

1. To acquaint children with the traditions and customs of Moldovans, music, dances and costumes.
2. To cultivate a tolerant attitude towards other nationalities through reincarnation in the culture of this nationality.
3. To give an idea about this region, the life of people.
4. Introduce new Moldavian words, explain to children their meaning: Martisor, Hora, hominy, placentas, bune ziua, la revedere, bine at venit, drum bun.

preliminary work:

• watching a presentation about Moldova,
• reading Moldovan folk tales, legends,
• listening to Moldovan national songs and melodies,
• acquaintance with the works of Moldovan writers and poets,
• acquaintance with the national costume and symbols of Moldova, with folk games, traditions and customs, cuisine, art, contemporary singers,
• acquaintance with the work of E. Doga, G. Vieru, Y. Filip,
• exhibition of children's works "Journey to Moldova",
• creation of a mini-museum "MOLDOVA LAND OF LEGENDS AND FAIRY TALES".

STUDY PROCESS

The Moldavian song "Hora din Moldova" performed by Nelly Ciobanu sounds. Children dressed in National costumes holding hands, enter into music hall with the leader, performing jumps and rhythmic waved arms. Children form a circle and dance the Moldavian dance "Hora". At the end of the dance, they line up in a semicircle.

The presenter (educator) greets the guests in Moldavian: BUNE ZIUA!

Children translate in chorus: Hello!

The guests greet.

Presenter: BINE ATS VENIT YN MOLDOVA!

Children in chorus: WELCOME TO MOLDOVA!

The presenter gives the guests bread and salt and hominy with cheese: In Moldova, as in Russia, guests are greeted with bread and salt. But Moldovans have a second bread - MAMALYGA, this corn porridge, hard boiled. Moldovans serve it both with main dishes and with sweets. At the end of the event you will be able to taste one more dish - PLATES, BUNS WITH FILLING.

And today we will tell you about the beautiful spring Moldovan tradition- about MERTSISHOR.

Every year on March 1, Moldovans give each other small red and white decorations - MERTSISHORS. Martisor from the word "marts" - March. It is given with wishes of love and happiness, worn all month, and on April 1, fruit trees are decorated (so that the harvest is rich), at home as a talisman. Where this tradition came from, you will learn from the pantomime "LEGEND OF MERTSISOR".

The melody of E. DOGA “MY TENDER AND GENTLE BEAST” sounds. In the center of the hall sits a SNOWDROP.

The presenter says: At the end of winter, spring sent a snowdrop to find out - is her reign time coming soon? (The snowdrop blossoms, dances to the music).

Winter, seeing the Snowdrop - the Herald of Spring, got angry (Winter runs out, circles around the Snowdrop), started a strong blizzard, raised the wind. She broke young trees and pulled out dried thorns.

So our Snowdrop was under the thorns and a mountain of snow. (Winter spins around the Snowdrop to the music, performs dance movements imitating a blizzard, covers the snowdrop with a white veil).

Spring, without waiting for her messenger, went to look for him. (Spring runs out and dances the care and search for the Snowdrop).

Suddenly she noticed a green leaf under a snowdrift and realized that a friend was in trouble. Spring, freeing the Snowdrop, got hurt. Drops of her scarlet blood stained part of the snowdrop. The snowdrop was released and announced to everyone the coming of Spring. (The snowdrop dances a waltz with Spring. At the end, Winter runs out and the heroes waltz together).

Lesson in kindergarten "Moldova - a country of legends and music"

Compiled by: SINICHKINA ELENA VALENTINOVNA, educator, MBDOU KINDERGARTEN №41 "RAINBOW", Vidnoe, Leninsky district, Moscow region

Eyeliner: For a long time in Russia, the arrival of spring is met happy holiday Shrovetide. Most recently, we treated ourselves to pancakes and tried to call spring to our harsh land as soon as possible. Raduzhny is home to people of more than 80 nationalities andeach nation has its own customs, signs and beliefs . So Moldovans celebrate March 1 national holiday "Martisor" and on this day they give each other small boutonnieres in the form of flowers made of threads of white and red flowers

martisors. Larisa Kosilova will tell about the preparations for the meeting of spring.

Z.K. Preparing for the important national holiday Elena Pavlenkova started in advance, invited to her country house guests, and people different nationalities in order to tell about the traditions of martisor and other customs of the hospitable Moldovan people.

Life: Enzstrasch, come in dear guests. Hello

…….. I will treat you to this delicious wine

What is it with, with cottage cheese?

Pancakes like this

Z.K. A master class on making martisors was taught by experienced people who shared with the youth and guests the intricacies of knitting these amulets. It was interesting to listen to the legend about the origin of the Martisor holiday.

Caption: Olga Sukhanova

00.10. On the first day of March, the beautiful spring came to the edge of the forest. I looked around and saw that a small one was peeking out from under the snow, beautiful flower- snowdrop. Around the snowdrop, many branches were prickly and it was difficult for him to get out. And spring decided to help.

File 61. Winter saw that spring wanted to help the snowdrop, became furious, called a blizzard, a cold wind, and this blizzard and wind began to slowly kill the flower. Spring, as she saw it all, covered this one with herself little flower. But since the blackthorn was thorny, she pricked herself and a drop of blood fell on the little flower. This saved his life.

Z.K. There are many legends about this, and all of them are reflected in the touching songs that Moldovans sing on their own. mother tongue being thousands of miles away from their home.

File 99 00.12

File 100 00.01……00.27. (so that only white and red remain after us)

Z.K. It is important that parents pass on the traditions of their ancestors to their children, introduce them to the culture. They are happy to show national clothes, embroidered by their grandmothers and, of course, they sing incendiary Moldovan songs.

Lina sings

applaud

File 101 Lena treats with wine

Z.K. The mistress of the house old tradition treats guests with wine, which was made by relatives from their own vineyards. Guests drink from one glass, which is passed around and each of those present voices their thoughts and wishes.

Caption: Raisa Khabibullina

00.06. Because we are different and our life is beautiful. If we were all the same, it would be boring to live. We will continue, we will start with Martisor, then Navruz, Sabantuy. Let's all live so beautifully and cheerfully.

Caption: Lena Pavlenkova

00.33. Every holiday unites us

Z.K. Everything that happened that day was like a fairy tale. Snow was white outside the window, firewood crackled in the fireplace, filling the house with warmth and comfort, craftswomen carefully knitted martisors and sang touching Moldovan songs about love, separation, about the beautiful land of Moldova. (File 129,130, 131). Everyone's boutonnieres turned out different, but each of them was made with soul and Best wishes On March 1, they will be presented to friends and relatives with the wishes of health, kindness, love and prosperity. Martisors are worn on clothes for the whole month, and March 31 removed and hung on flowering fruit trees. It is believed that thanks to this, people will be successful throughout the coming year, and if you make a wish, it will certainly come true.

Martisor is our happiness, our health, our everything .... spring in the soul

Z.K. Lena Pavlenkova, the mistress of the house, did not limit herself to making martisors. She also prepared national dishes. One of them is mamaliga. This is a special corn, steeply brewed porridge, which is considered the second bread in Moldova. And for it to work, you need to have experience. First, it is cooked on the stove, then it comes to the fiery stove. (File 152)

My uncle said that mamaliga should be twisted 100 times to make it tasty….00.27

Z.K. Festive table in a Moldavian family, they can not do without pies made of thin dough with various fillings, cabbage, cottage cheese, cheese, pumpkin, and cabbage rolls.

00.06. Stuffed cabbage, look, they must be playful

We unload them

Z.K. Gradually needlework gave way to culinary delights. The table was filling up national dishes As expected, mamaliga was cut into pieces with a thread and distributed to the guests. Many tried it for the first time and were satisfied with the taste. Especially with the addition of cheese, cottage cheese, meat and other ingredients, which were in abundance on the table. And, of course, homemade wine, which Moldova is famous for.

Caption: Elena Pavlenkova

To plan what will happen tomorrow, that today we gathered together, smiled at each other, learned some secrets from each other, let's say our holiday Martisor. I am very grateful to all of you for taking the time to come and you are here with us all together. Thank you very much, happy holiday to all of you….. in your life

Z.K. Acquaintance with the cultural and culinary traditions of Moldova, which was organized by Elena Pavlenkova together with her daughters and friends, has become a landmark and will definitely be continued at other venues. Our city has brought together people of many nationalities, and each such event not only allows you to get to know the customs of other peoples better, admire their ability to preserve and continue their cultural heritage but also brings us all closer together. By exchanging our traditions, we become more interesting friend friend and richer spiritually.

Larisa Kosilova. Vadim Gordeev. "New time - Rainbow"

Available in Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria wonderful holiday meet Spring by giving the symbol of Martisor: red and white pompoms, or flowers and other patterns.

They hang them on the clothes of another friend with wishes of happiness, people make wishes and wear martisors all March, and with the advent of April they hang them on a branch flowering tree. And then the wish will certainly come true!

Romanians and Moldovans celebrate Martisor, and among the Bulgarians this holiday is called Martenitsa(or Baba Marta). Prepared for these holidays National cuisine and everyone pins a red-and-white decoration to their clothes, which is called the holiday of the same name - martisor, or martenitsa.

Here's how it is with the Bulgarians:

It is customary to wear martenitsa until you see a stork, a swallow or a flowering fruit tree. Seeing a stork, a swallow or a flowering tree, everyone took off his martenitsa. Some put it under a stone, and nine days later they looked at what appeared under it. If ants settled there, then the year will be rich in sheep, but if there were other, larger insects, in cows and other cattle. Therefore, in some places martenitsa received the name "fortune teller". Others tied martenitsa to a blooming plum, apple tree, or rose bush to be white, red, beautiful and healthy in a year. Still others threw martenitsa into the water so that their life would go on the water and all bad things would disappear. In other places, martenitsa was thrown up to the sun, saying: “Here is red for you, give me white.”
The first martenitsa were only made of two threads: red and white. But later, folk feeling beauty created original work, named martenitsa. They began to add beads, depict various figures from threads, various additives to them appeared: the unique Pijot and Penda dolls.

The white color of the amulet symbolizes masculinity, strength, sun, then rethought as the color of virginity and purity; red is the color of blood feminine, health, birth.

But as for Moldovans and Romanians:

The historical roots of Martisor remain a mystery, but it is generally believed that this holiday originated during the Roman Empire, when the New Year was celebrated on March 1, the month of the god Mars. Mars was not only the god of war, but also the god of agriculture, contributing to the revival of nature. This duality is reflected in Martisor, where white and red can be understood as symbols of peace and war.
Archaeological excavations in Romania prove that amulets, like the modern martisor, existed about 8 thousand years ago. Then they were made in the form of small stones, painted in white and red, worn around the neck. Martisor was first mentioned by Iordache Golescu. Folklorist Simon Florea Marian wrote that in Moldova and Bukovina a martisor consisted of a gold or silver coin on a red and white thread that children wore around their necks. The girls also wore a martisor around their necks for the first 12 days of spring, and then weaved it into their hair until the storks arrived or until the first trees bloomed. Then a red-white thread was tied to a tree, and porridge (a type of sheep cheese) was bought with a coin.

Martisors are worn on clothes for the whole month, and on March 31 they are removed and hung on flowering fruit trees. It is believed that thanks to this, people will be successful throughout the coming year. According to legend, if you make a wish by hanging a martisor on a tree, it will surely come true. In early April, in many cities and villages of Moldova, you can see trees hung with martisors.
In Moldova, on March 1 of each year, the music festival "Martisor" begins. This festival was first held in 1967.
In some parts of Romania, martisors are not worn throughout March, but only for the first two weeks. It is believed to bring health and well-being. In Transylvanian villages, martisors are tied to doors, windows, the horns of domestic animals, as it is believed that they drive away evil spirits and give vitality. There is a belief in Bihor County that one should wash oneself with rainwater collected on March 1st in order to become more beautiful and healthier. In Banat, girls collect water or snow from strawberry leaves and wash themselves to be loved. In Dobruja, the martisor is worn until the storks arrive, and then they throw it into the sky so that happiness is “big and winged”

In Moldova, on March 1 of each year, the music festival "Martisor" begins. This festival was first held in 1967 .

I remember at school every year we drew a wall newspaper with a story about the legend of Martisor. There are several variations. The actual variations are that white means either a snowflake, or Giochel - a snowdrop. And red is the scarlet blood of Spring, which winter, not wanting to leave, hurts with a shard of ice from annoyance.

According to one legend, on the first day of March, the beautiful Spring came to the edge of the forest, looked around and saw a snowdrop breaking out from under the snow on a thawed patch of thorn bushes. She decided to help him and began to clear the ground around, freeing him from thorny branches. Winter saw this and was furious. She waved her hands, summoned a cold wind with snow to destroy the primrose. A weak flower drooped under the cruel wind. But Spring covered the sprout with her hands and pricked herself with a blackthorn. A drop of hot blood fell from her wounded hand, and the flower came to life. So Spring conquered Winter. The colors of the Martisor symbolize her red blood on the white snow.

According to another legend, the Sun descended to earth in the form of a beautiful girl. But the evil Serpent stole it and locked it in his palace. After that, the birds stopped singing, the children forgot what fun and laughter are, and the whole world plunged into sadness. One brave young man decided to save the Sun. For a whole year he was looking for the palace of the Serpent, and when he found it, he challenged him to battle. They fought for a long time, and in the end the young man defeated the Serpent. He released the beautiful Sun. It rose to heaven and lit up the whole world. Spring came, nature came to life, people remembered what joy is, but the brave young man did not have time to see spring. His warm blood dripped onto the snow. The last drop of blood fell, he died of his wounds. Where the snow melted, white flowers grew - snowdrops, heralds of spring. Since then, in honor of the liberator of the world from darkness and sadness, people have been weaving two cords with white and red flowers. The red color symbolizes the love of beauty and the memory of the blood of the deceased young man, and the white color symbolizes the health and purity of the snowdrop, the first spring flower.

Beautiful legends...I still love them!

Pentru Tine!!! (For you)