Size of the fetal head. Small oblique size

The low position of the fetal head is not a violation, but only a diagnostic sign indicating anatomical features organism. It's conditional dangerous state, which can turn into a deviation only when comorbidities prenatal development and fetal position.

Head presentation of the fetus is a favorable position of the child, and low position heads is only a feature that doctors pay attention to, but do not attribute to deviations. This feature requires heightened attention specialists and the woman herself to the course of pregnancy, but you should not worry about this. Such a feature is revealed at a planned examination by a gynecologist and an ultrasound examination.

Head presentation of the fetus

The position of the fetus head to the pelvis is the most favorable for natural childbirth. There are several types of such a position, but in any case, during childbirth, the head will come out first. There is a facial, occipital, frontal, frontal presentation. In any form, the head can be lowered and strongly pressed against the pelvis, which is defined as a low position of the fetus.

This type of presentation is divided into several subtypes, depending on the extension of the head:

1. Anterocephalic - the wired point is large fontanelle, and this variant of the position of the fetus is favorable, but there is a risk of injury to the child and mother, since the birth is long, it is required to exclude hypoxia.
2. Frontal low presentation of the fetus - this option is characterized by the entry of the head of the child into the pelvis, the frontal part, the widest, serves as a wired accurate. In this case, natural childbirth is under threat, a caesarean section is prescribed.
3. Facial low presentation - this type of location is diagnosed when the leading area is the chin. Natural childbirth is possible if the mother's pelvis is wide enough, otherwise surgical delivery is indicated.

A non-standard position can be caused by violations on the part of the mother, complicated by pregnancy, underdevelopment of the fetus, polyhydramnios and other intrauterine anomalies. The hereditary factor also matters. Increased risk malposition when similar cases have already been observed in the genus.

Causes

An atypical location of the baby's head is a common diagnostic sign that is observed a few weeks before delivery. The specialist determines the location of the child by palpation and ultrasound. The pregnant woman also feels some changes associated with improved well-being. When the fetus descends, it becomes easier to breathe, heartburn and chest discomfort disappear.

What provokes the low position of the fetal head before childbirth:

1. Features of the anatomical structure of the pelvis in a woman.
2. Inflammatory processes in the uterus shortly before childbirth.
3. elevated physical exercise on early dates pregnancy.

This feature has some manifestations, a woman can independently determine a low head position if she is attentive to changes in the body.

How does it manifest

The main manifestation of this state will be aching pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen a few weeks before delivery. A woman can watch bloody issues, which is due to insufficient stretching of the uterus and pressure on it of the fetal head.

Low fetal presentation can cause early detachment placenta, which is also accompanied by bleeding. The risk is the threat oxygen starvation, which can negatively affect the formation of internal organs.

The woman may notice an improvement general well-being, shortness of breath passes, heaviness in the chest, it becomes easier to breathe. But everything unpleasant symptoms do not pass, but move below. Along with the improvement of the condition, pains in the lower abdomen are observed, pressure on the pelvis is felt.

With strong head pressure, a woman may have problems with gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, bloating. In such a case, it is symptomatic treatment. If the low position of the head is the only manifestation, then preventive actions, which will be enough for a natural birth.

Diagnostics

The position of the fetus different terms pregnancy is determined by an obstetrician-gynecologist. Already from the 28th week of pregnancy, constant monitoring of the condition of the pregnant woman and the intrauterine location of the fetus is necessary. During an internal gynecological examination, the low position of the head is determined by probing it. This position is also characterized by the mobility of the fetus, its head moves calmly in amniotic fluid Oh.

Additionally, vaginal gynecological examination, Ultrasound, which specifies the position of the child.

Is there a danger

The incorrect location of the baby's head does not carry any danger, if it is not associated with other, but already pathological features of the fetus. Favorable will be childbirth with an anterior type of occipital presentation. This position ensures easy passage of the head, as it creates an optimal relationship between its size and the woman's pelvis.

When entering the small pelvis, the head bends, the chin approaches chest. As the child passes, the small fontanel becomes the leading point. When bent, it passes with its smallest part and straightens at the exit, then the shoulders turn, and the head turns to the mother's thigh. After passing shoulder girdle the torso and legs of the baby come out with ease.

When frontal presentation natural childbirth is extremely rare. They take a long time and can lead to damage to the child and the woman's pelvic organs. Frontal presentation during natural childbirth has an unfavorable prognosis, there is a risk of uterine rupture and fetal asphyxia.

With a low frontal location of the child, a woman is recommended to go to the hospital a few weeks before the birth for constant monitoring by an obstetrician-gynecologist. If there are complaints of severe pain, bleeding, ultrasound is performed. When frontal presentation is detected, the pregnancy is prolonged, doctors prepare the baby's lungs for functioning outside the womb.

The low position of the head without aggravating factors does not affect the possibility of a natural birth, but the obstetrician-gynecologist is still watching the woman.

When abnormalities are detected on the part of the child or mother, specialists consider the rationality of conducting caesarean section. This excludes trauma to the baby's head, and rupture of the mother's uterus.

Shortly before childbirth, a woman is prescribed special diet, because pressure on the pelvic organs can cause intestinal upset. The pregnant woman is shown physical and psychological rest, good dream, exclusion of stress on the body.

Since the discovery low presentation a woman is recommended to wear a bandage for pregnant women, which reduces the pressure of the child on the pelvic organs and reduces the tone of the uterus.

During pregnancy female body undergoing tremendous changes. It is worth noting that for each representative of the weaker sex, they can occur in different ways. Just like subsequent pregnancies can be very different from previous ones.

While waiting for a baby, a woman is faced with various diagnoses and unknown terms. So, some ladies who are in interesting position, say that the fetal head is low. It is about this feature and will be discussed in this article.

The fetal head is low: what does this mean?

When future mom hears a similar statement from a gynecologist, she most often panics. This is absolutely impossible to do. The low location of the fetal head is not a pathology. This condition will not harm your unborn child in any way. However, if such a feature is found, certain recommendations should be followed.

Diagnostics

Is it possible to independently determine the low position of the fetal head? Answer to this question negative. Doctors say that a woman may have suspicions about the presence of this feature. However, it is possible to confidently say that the fetal head is low only after the examination. There are two ways to define such a state.

Manual inspection

During the routine, the doctor can determine the position of the child. When an experienced obstetrician-gynecologist determines how far the child's body is from the entrance to the cervical canal.

Ultrasound diagnostics

At this survey you can also find out that the fetal head is located low. In this case, the doctor must necessarily determine the condition of the cervix and describe its position in the ultrasound protocol.

What to do if the baby's head is low?

When this feature is found, a pregnant woman is most often not prescribed any treatment, but the doctor always gives recommendations and advice. Depending on the gestational age, they may be different. Let's figure out how to behave when the child is low?

Limitation of physical activity

With premature descent of the fetus in women, it is always recommended to limit any load. You must renounce any sports training and lead a quiet life. It is strictly forbidden to lift heavy objects and walk in heels.

Refusal of sexual intercourse

The low head of the unborn child already puts pressure on the entrance to the reproductive organ, provokes the expansion of the cervix.

Psychological peace

When the baby's head is low, a woman is advised to take sedatives. These include the drug "Valerian" and the remedy "Motherwort". These medicines are completely safe for the unborn child.

These drugs should be taken only on the recommendation of a specialist. Never self-medicate. Otherwise, you can only aggravate the situation.

Using a bandage

When the child is low, it is always recommended to use a bandage. This device can be purchased at any pharmacy chain or medical supply store. The bandage will gently support the big belly and will not allow the baby to be born prematurely.

It should be noted that the bandage can only be used in the second half of pregnancy. It is always necessary to put on the device in a horizontal position. Only in this case the efficiency will be maximum.

Treatment for premature head prolapse

Correction is carried out only when premature opening or shortening of the cervix has begun. That is why women with this diagnosis should always be under the supervision of a doctor.

Treatment consists of placing a device called a pessary on the cervix. He will hold in his original position until the birth. This is what will help you avoid premature appearance into the world of a child.

Normal course of pregnancy

Normally, the fetal head descends into the small pelvis after 36 or even. In this case, the woman is not given any recommendations and is allowed to lead a normal life. It is worth noting that with this outcome of events, the child is full-term and ready for birth.

Conclusion

If you have found a low location of the baby's head, you should carefully remember all the recommendations of a specialist. If you follow the rules, you will be able to endure and give birth to your baby on time.

In obstetrics, there are many indices, thanks to which it is possible to determine the gestational age, the presence or absence of abnormalities in the development of the fetus. The biparietal size of the fetal head is one of those indices, it can more accurately tell others about the gestational age. The biparietal size of the fetal head can be determined using ultrasound, and its information content is especially high in the period from 12 to 28 weeks. In our article, we will consider how to measure the biparietal head size, what are its indicators at different stages of fetal development and its possible deviations from the norm.

Biparietal size of the fetal head is normal

BDP of the fetal head is the distance between the outer and inner contours of both parietal bones, the line connecting the outer contours of the parietal bones should pass over the thalamus. Deviation from the measurement rules leads to a distortion of the results obtained and, as a result, does not correct definition term of pregnancy. Each gestational age corresponds to a certain value of the fetal BPD in the norm. As the gestational age increases, the biparietal size of the fetal head increases; by the end of pregnancy, its growth rate decreases markedly. So, the BDP of the fetus at 12 weeks, on average, is 21 mm, the BDP of the fetus at 13 weeks is 24 mm, at 16 weeks - 34 mm, at 24 weeks - 61 mm, the BDP at 32 weeks is 82 mm, at 38 weeks - 84 mm, and at 40 weeks - 96 mm.

The biparietal size of the fetal head is evaluated together with the fronto-occipital size (LZR), measuring them in the same plane (at the level of the brain stems and visual tubercles). The change in the size of these two indicators is directly proportional to the gestational age.

After 38 weeks, the configuration of the fetal head may change, and the indicator of the biparietal size of the fetal head will also depend on this. So, with a dolichocephalic configuration of BPD, the fetal head will less than normal.

Ultrasound during pregnancy and pathology

The biparietal size of the fetal head, together with other indicators, makes it possible to determine such deviations in the development of the fetus as intrauterine growth retardation, hydrocephalus and large fruit. If the BPR of the head more than normal, then you should not rush to conclusions, you need to measure other parts of the fetal body. A uniform increase in all body sizes (head, chest, abdomen) suggests a large fetus.

If only the biparietal and frontooccipital dimensions are enlarged (the distance from the most protruding outer edge of the frontal bone to the outer edge of the occipital bone), then this is a confirmation of the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The cause of hydrocephalus in the fetus is intrauterine infection.

In cases where the BDP of the fetus is less than normal and all its other dimensions do not correspond to the gestational age, then a diagnosis is made - intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The causes of IUGR are intrauterine infection of the fetus, chronic hypoxia due to placental insufficiency. If diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation without fail a woman undergoes treatment aimed at eliminating the cause: improving uteroplacental blood flow, increasing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus (, Actovegin, Pentoxifylline).

A decrease in fetal BPD along with LZR without a decrease in other body sizes is indicative of microcephaly.

We examined the values ​​of the indicator of the biparietal size of the fetal head, its values ​​in the norm and with pathological abnormalities.

Every organ in our body is very important. It is very difficult to live without arms, without legs, it is impossible to live without a heart. And who is in charge of our entire body? Of course, the head. Do you know the saying: "Bread is the head of everything"? From this proverb it is clear that the head is the most important thing.

The brain is located in the head, which is responsible for the work of our entire body. If there are any changes in the brain, this immediately affects the activity of the whole organism. The regulation of the body occurs with the help of nerve impulses (nerve endings of the brain) and with the help of special chemical substances(hypophysis) - humoral regulation.

Many animals within a few hours after birth are able to move independently and even look for food. Our children remain completely helpless for many months. Why is this happening? Everything is very simple: man is a highly organized, social animal. This means that the human body in the process of life learns to perform a large amount of various kinds activities: talking, getting food, walking and more. It is impossible to get all this knowledge at once, so a person learns from the example of other people how to survive in this world (social factor). In addition to the social skills acquired by a child in the process of life, there is also an innate memory, the experience of previous generations. Such a memory protects us from death (self-preservation instinct). We instinctively fear fire, snakes, and bright red insects, even though no one has ever bitten us before. In addition to the instinct of self-preservation, the child inherits from his ancestors other reflexes and instincts. So, newborn children have a search reflex, they instinctively look for food. If a newborn baby is placed on the mother's stomach, he will crawl to the breast on his own and begin to suck milk.

Why shouldn't we be born already able to walk and talk? It's simple: for this, the child must be in the womb for too long. If the baby develops too long in the mother's womb, the bones will harden and the bones of the skull will lose their mobility. In this case, the child's skull loses its ability to change volume, which makes it difficult for the head to pass through the woman's pelvis, whose bones are tightly fused and do not move.

After birth, the child begins to develop rapidly. At the same time, doctors distinguish physical and mental development.

The size and circumference of the child's head

Norm

Physical development is understood as the intensity of the increase in height, weight of the child, head and chest circumference. These indicators are evaluated in combination. Head circumference at birth ranges from 29 to 34 cm. Head sizes for various congenital pathologies can change both in smaller and in big side. In conditions such as microcephaly (small head), chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply through the placenta during pregnancy), chronic nicotine intoxication (conditions when the mother smoked too much during pregnancy), a decrease in head size is observed.

The extreme degree of such conditions is anencefoliya (absence of the head). It can be observed in the fetus with hereditary pathologies, viral infections(rubella, chicken pox) during pregnancy. To identify similar states, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination of the fetus on early stages its development.

With endocrine disorders on the part of the mother ( diabetes, hyperthyroidism), there are changes in the size of the head in the direction of increase. An increase in the size of the head makes it difficult to give birth through natural ways because the baby's head cannot pass through the woman's pelvis. In such cases, a caesarean section is performed.

In the first year of life, the size of the head increases quite intensively. At no other time in a child's life is this rapid change indicators of height, weight, head and chest volumes. In the first six months, the size of the head increases by an average of 1.5 cm, after six months - by 0.5 cm per month. The intensity of the change in head size can vary in different months in different children. These can be both physiological and pathological changes.

At physiological changes head growth intensity head volume remains within centile values. Centile tables are the average value of indicators physical development children in different periods life. These tables reflect the compliance of the volume of the child's head with age norms: centile tables for boys, centile tables for girls.

When examining a child in a polyclinic, a pediatrician evaluates not only how much the child’s head size has increased, but also whether these sizes correspond age norm. If a child is born with a large head volume, then in the process of development he may experience a less intense increase in head size. If the child has a small head, then the increase in head volume in such children will be more intense. Normally, by the year, all children are aligned, and the head size is about 44 cm.

But nothing can be said only by the size of the head, the ratio of the size of the head and chest is important. At pathological changes the intensity of the growth of the head circumference can be observed as a pathological acceleration of the increase in the volume of the head compared to the volume of the chest, and a pathological slowdown.

Baby has a big head

An increase in the intensity of the growth of head circumference is very often observed in a condition such as hydrocephalus. This condition may develop in premature babies, children born in asphyxia, children with intrauterine hypoxia. In this case, the brain is damaged, and fluid begins to accumulate in the cranium. The accumulation of fluid leads to an increase in the volume of the intracranial box and, as a result, an increase in the size of the child's head. The fontanelles of the child do not grow well, they can bulge, pulsate, especially when the child cries. Since the edema is localized in the brain, the child's cerebral part of the skull predominates over the facial part. Another sign of hydrocephalus in a child is an increase in the volume of the head in relation to the volume of the chest. Normally, the intensity of the increase in the volume of the breast exceeds the intensity of the increase in the volume of the head. With hydrocephalus, head volumes can be equal or more volumes chest. To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to ultrasonography the brain, which reveals the accumulation of fluid in the brain, an increase in the chambers of the brain. Children with this condition should be seen by a neurologist. They are prescribed diuretic drugs (furasemide) and drugs to improve brain nutrition (piracetam, nootropil). General massage is recommended for children. After the treatment, children develop in the same way as their peers, no long-term effects are observed. If left untreated, children lag behind their peers in mental development, late start talking, sitting, walking.

small baby head

Decrease in the intensity of head growth is most often observed with genetic diseases . In addition to head growth retardation, these children may experience other birth defects development: cleft upper lip, hard sky, soft palate, fused fingers or toes, six-fingered hands or feet, and others. In such conditions, consultation with a geneticist is mandatory. Treatment is carried out in accordance with the identified congenital anomalies. The prognosis is not always favorable and depends on the degree of brain damage.

Assessment of brain maturity

In addition to the physical development at the reception, the doctor also evaluates the mental development of the child. The mental development of the child characterizes the maturity of the child's brain and the child's adaptability to life in environment. Certain signs should appear or disappear in a child by specific dates. If the sign did not appear or disappear, then this indicates the immaturity of the brain.

So the child should smile by a month, by two - it’s good to keep his head in a position on his stomach, and by six months the child should completely disappear congenital reflexes (automatic walking, oral automatism and others).

If a child lags behind in mental development, it is necessary to exclude brain diseases. This requires a consultation with a neurologist and an ultrasound examination of the brain. To treat children with mental retardation, it is necessary to treat the condition that caused the brain damage. It is very important to use drugs that improve brain nutrition (piracetam, nootropil). IN severe cases when it is difficult to make a diagnosis, it is also necessary to consult a geneticist, since such a condition very often accompanies hereditary diseases.

Head shape in children

In addition to changes in the size of the head, changes in its shape can be observed. Very often with rickets there is a flattening of the head or its one-sided deformation (on the side where the child lies most of all). In this condition, calcium is washed out of the bones, they soften and are more easily deformed. In this case, it is necessary to use vitamin D3 in a therapeutic dose (1500-3000 IU). To prevent rickets, a child should be given daily vitamin D3 in a prophylactic dose (500 IU) for up to two years, excluding the summer months (June, July and August).

The baby's head is sweating

Very often in endocrine diseases, especially with lesions thyroid gland, children may experience excessive sweating heads. In this case, it is necessary to consult an endocrinologist, take a blood test for thyroid hormones. Sweating can also be observed with the deficiency of vitamin D described above.

Crusts on the child's head

At birth, various substances remain on the skin of the child that helped the child develop inside the uterus. Because of this, a crust can form on the scalp. This crust can be either in the form of separate small formations or completely cover the entire head. This state is not a pathology and does not require special treatment. The only thing a child needs is hygiene care behind the scalp. All crusts must be lubricated with petroleum jelly, which softens them, and then carefully removed with a cotton swab. This operation must be carried out daily for 5-7 days.

Pediatrician Litashov M.V.

Why appearance newborn baby's head is so unusual? The fact is that the head, due to its density and size, experiences the greatest difficulty in passing through the birth canal. After the birth of the head, the birth canal is usually sufficiently prepared to advance the trunk and limbs of the fetus.

The head of the fetus has a number of features. Her facial bones are firmly connected. The bones of the cranial part of the head are not tightly connected bone tissue, but rather thin fibrous membranes from the connective tissue, which determine the known mobility and displacement of the bones in relation to each other. These fibrous membranes are called sutures. Small spaces at the intersection of the seams are called fontanelles. The bones in the area of ​​the fontanelles are also connected by a fibrous membrane. When the baby is already born, the mother can determine for herself that there are seams and fontanelles on the head. The easiest way is to detect a large fontanel, which is located in the region of the crown and has the shape of a rhombus, and a small fontanel, which is located in the occipital region and has the shape of a triangle. Tubercles are also determined on the fetal head: occipital, two parietal, two frontal.

Due to the presence of identification points: sutures, fontanels - during childbirth, the doctor monitors which way the fetal head turns, which part of the head passes through the birth canal first. Most often this occipital part, if it is the parietal part or the face, then they talk about the so-called atypical insertions of the head. This is of fundamental importance during childbirth, since which part of the head passes through the birth canal first determines how much the head is bent at the time of childbirth. Childbirth proceeds most favorably if the head is maximally bent, that is, the chin is pressed to the chest. This is the so-called occipital presentation, in which the back of the head passes through the birth canal first.

In the process of passing the head through the birth canal, it adapts to the shape and size of the birth canal (mother's pelvis). The adaptability of the head is limited by known limits and depends on the displacement of the bones of the skull in the area of ​​the sutures and fontanelles, as well as on the ability of the bones of the skull to change shape (flatten, bend) when passing through the small pelvis.

Changing the head when it passes through the birth canal is called a configuration. The configuration depends on the features of the head and birth canal. The wider the sutures and the softer the bones, the greater the ability of the head to be shaped. That is, during a post-term pregnancy, when the sutures are already closed (the fibrous membranes that connected the bones of the fetal head undergo ossification), and the bones of the fetus become dense, the process of configuration of the head is difficult, which can lead to an increase in the duration of labor, birth trauma for both the mother and for the baby. In addition, the configuration is significant when there is difficulty in advancing the head (narrowing of the pelvis). The shape of the head changes depending on the mechanism of childbirth. In cases of occiput presentation, when the occipital part comes first through the birth canal (in this case, the back of the baby’s head is turned towards the mother’s stomach), the head is pulled in the direction of the occiput, taking the so-called dolichocephalic form (Fig. 1).

If the birth is normal, then this configuration of the head is weakly expressed and does not affect the health and development of the newborn.

The norm and deviations from it

During childbirth during the period of exile (this is the second stage of childbirth, during which the actual birth of the baby takes place), the head of the baby may appear birth tumor. It is a swelling of the tissues in the lowest front going area (leading point) of the head, often with small punctate hemorrhages on the skin. Tissue edema occurs due to obstruction of the outflow of venous blood from that part of the presenting part, which is located below the point of contact of the fetal head with the bones of the mother's pelvis. A birth tumor is formed after the outflow of water, that is, with a long anhydrous period - the period of time from the outflow of amniotic fluid to the birth of a baby - it can be expressed significantly. With occipital presentation, the birth tumor is located closer to the back of the head, on the right or left. The birth tumor does not sharp contours, it passes through fontanelles and sutures. The longer the interval from the outflow of amniotic fluid to the birth of a child, the more pronounced the birth tumor. When normal delivery the birth tumor does not reach a large size, disappears 1-2 days after birth and does not require treatment. It is more common in children of primiparous mothers, with prolonged eruption of the head and in larger children.

According to the configuration of the head of the born fetus and the location of the birth tumor on it, one can judge which part of the head first passed through the birth canal. With an atypical position of the head during childbirth, the configuration of the head and the location of the birth tumor change.

With the so-called anterocephalic presentation, when the occipital part moves first along the birth canal, but the baby is turned to the mother’s stomach with his forehead, the shape of the head brachycephalic (fig.2) .

If the fetal head is unbent, the frontal part advances first along the birth canal, then birth tumor occurs infrontal area(Fig. 3), if the fetal face is the first to move along the birth canal, then at birth the baby has a pronounced swelling of the face(Fig. 4).

Speaking about the shape of the head of a newborn, one cannot fail to mention another condition that may occur during childbirth. This is about cephalohematome. Cephalhematoma is one of the types of birth trauma - a hemorrhage between the outer surface of the bones of the skull and the periosteum covering them. Cephalhematoma is located on one or both parietal bones, rarely - on the occipital and frontal, even more rarely - on the temporal. It holds from 5 to 150 ml of blood, which for a long time remains liquid. Due to the fact that the periosteum is tightly fused with the bone in the suture area, the boundaries of the cephalohematoma do not extend beyond the affected bone. The surface of the skin over the tumor is not changed. Cephalhematoma is observed in 0.3-0.5% of newborns.

The cause of cephalohematoma is the discrepancy between the size of the child and the birth canal. On the part of the child, these are the large size of the fetus, position anomalies (facial, parietal), post-term pregnancy, fetal malformations (hydrocephalus) and others. From the mother's side elderly age, pelvic anomalies ( narrow pelvis, past injuries with damage to the pelvic bones, etc.).

The mechanism of formation of cephalohematoma is the displacement of the skin along with the periosteum and rupture of blood vessels during the movement of the child's head through the birth canal. Blood in a cephalohematoma accumulates gradually, so the tumor, which appeared during or shortly after birth, continues to grow during the first 2-3 days of a child's life. In the first days after birth, the cephalohematoma is covered by a birth tumor, which is also why it becomes noticeable only after the disappearance of the tumor (that is, 1-2 days after birth). In the absence of complications, cephalohematoma resolves on its own after 6-8 weeks and does not affect the child's condition. With significant hemorrhages, blood resorption is delayed and can drag on for months. In these cases, the periosteum in the area of ​​the hematoma thickens, the hematoma ossifies (ossification occurs), which leads to deformation or asymmetry of the skull.

Treatment for cephalohematoma is usually not required. With her large sizes the contents are removed by puncturing the wall, with suppuration, surgical intervention is necessary - an incision with the removal of the contents and the appointment of anti-inflammatory treatment (antibiotics, dressings with disinfectant solutions).

In any case, by 1.5-2 months of life, your baby's head will acquire a rounded shape.