Influence of bad habits of parents on embryonic development. Biology material (grade 10) on the topic: The impact of bad habits on the development of the fetus document

PARENTS' BAD HABITS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH

The most unfavorable factor affecting the health of the child is the addiction of parents to bad habits. Considering detrimental effect harmful habits on the health of children, it is necessary first of all to note the multilateral nature of such an impact. Harmful effects of abuse alcohol, smoking, drug addiction is felt by a fragile child's body both directly (in the form of inhalation of tobacco smoke or through mother's milk), and through hereditary factors (the effect of alcohol, tobacco, drug-containing substances on the reproductive cells of the parents' body), as well as in the form of various stressful situations that affect the child's psyche, which can occur in families where one of the family members abuses alcohol (or is addicted to drugs).

The greatest harm the health of the child, no matter what age he is, has alcohol. The most crucial moment for the health of the child in this regard is his conception. Children of alcoholics and people who took alcohol once at conception are often born dead, those born alive grow up mentally handicapped with various form oligophrenia. And this applies equally to both parents. Maternal alcoholism affects the fetus even more adversely - about twice as hard. As a rule, in such cases, there is a severe and persistent disease - fetal alcohol syndrome. Of particular concern is the birth of sick children from mothers who are considered absolutely healthy. It is also associated with the use (single or occasional) of alcohol during pregnancy. Reception by mother alcoholic beverages during the period breastfeeding can give rise to breast alcoholism and even cause alcohol poisoning of the child.

A father who drinks during his wife's pregnancy also has a specific negative impact on the health of the unborn child, exposing the woman to mental and often physical trauma, forcing her to experience a state of sharp emotional stress. Under the influence of stress, a child is born with symptoms of a violation of the central nervous system. It should be noted that according to World Organization health care, alcohol anomalies account for 10% of all congenital developmental anomalies.

The child is given negative influence and environmental conditions in families where parents drink. It is known that the child's psyche is characterized by pronounced instability and low endurance. Higher nervous activity children younger age characterized by tension in the body, the occurrence of strong reactions to the influence of environmental factors. Immaturity and instability nervous processes in children, slight exhaustion of the nervous system under the influence of adverse home furnishings contribute to their various diseases nervous system - neurosis, neurasthenia, psychopathy. Against this background, depending on the age of the child, certain pathological conditions. Often in families where parents abuse alcohol, children get severe injuries - fractures, burns, concussions due to the inattention of parents who drink and quarrel with each other.

Addiction has long since ceased to be medical problem, first of all, it is a global social problem. The danger to the health of children is this case in an indirect influence through the health of a drug addict mother, since a woman, and especially a girl, under the influence of drugs, experience irreversible disorders in the body in the function of childbearing. This is a serious threat to the health of future generations, because, even after undergoing treatment, drug users are not able to have full-fledged healthy offspring.

The other side of this problem is that all the aspirations of people who take drugs are aimed at satisfying their drug needs. As a result, a number of negative factors in everyday life, living conditions of children of such parents. They have a sharp increase in the risk of disease due to the weakening of care, non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and nutritional standards. Based on this, it should be concluded that drug addiction is a serious potential danger for children's health .

Smoking, like alcohol, when consumed in any doses, is a universal risk factor that can cause or provoke a wide variety of diseases in children. Approximately 40% of children born from smoking parents, suffer from certain defects of the physical and mental development, are characterized by an increased predisposition to various infectious and non-infectious diseases. The effect of maternal smoking on the health of the child has been reliably established. Pathological changes in some genetic structures that have arisen in smoking girls appear later in children. They have an increased risk of developing certain respiratory and liver diseases. This dependence is observed when comparing data on the incidence of a child and on a woman's smoking during pregnancy. Many young women smoke even while they are in the hospital. Thus, they take away part of the health from their child, because at the same time nutritious foods the mother passes the child and smoking products, and in high concentrations.

No less harm to the health of the child is caused by passive smoking of the mother, that is, the presence of a pregnant woman in a smoky room, since tobacco smoke penetrates the mother's lungs to the fetus and acts in the same way as if the mother herself smoked. If a woman continues to smoke while breastfeeding a child, then she causes double harm to his health. First, because through breast milk the child receives a rather dangerous dose of toxic products of tobacco smoke, and this, of course, is reflected in his further development and greater predisposition to various diseases. Secondly, tobacco substances have a destructive effect on lactation, as a result of which milk disappears, and the child is transferred to artificial feeding, which in turn contributes to the development of diseases such as obesity, allergies, diathesis.

Another aspect of the problem is related to passive smoking of the child . For developing organism characteristic hypersensitivity to various harmful factors. Tobacco smoke is especially harmful to health infants. Their sleep is disturbed, appetite decreases, the activity of the digestive organs is upset. Children living in smoky rooms suffer from respiratory diseases more often and longer. In children of smoking parents during the first year of life, the frequency of bronchitis and pneumonia increases. How smaller child the greater the harm caused to his body by tobacco smoke.

Thus, alcohol abuse, smoking and drug addiction largely determine the health status of children, and educational process among children should be directed primarily to the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

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All we want healthy children, but why not take care of this in advance. After all, now there are many methods of contraception, which will help determine the timing and not get pregnant unexpectedly, but have time to take care of your health and the health of your unborn child. To begin with, the couple needs to undergo an examination for the condition of the body and receive treatment if ailments are detected. Next, we cleanse our body of toxins and toxins, and only then think about conception. Unfortunately, 95% of parents do not prepare for conception, believing that everything should happen on its own. It will happen, only your duty is still to take care of the unborn child, not when he was already born, but long before conception.

The World Health Organization has voiced simply frightening figures: about 42% of the fairer sex smoke. Moreover, a certain category of women are not able to part with a bad habit even during the period of bearing a child, not realizing how detrimental this affects the health of the fetus.

It has long been known that cigarette smoke contains approximately 2500 chemical substances. There is an opinion that carbon monoxide and nicotine affect the development of the embryo the worst.

Smoking negatively affects the weight of the baby, increases the likelihood of developing various diseases, lagging behind in mental development, can provoke premature birth and even cause fetal death. The greatest danger is smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Do not forget that passive smoking can also lead to negative consequences for the future baby. Recent medical research has definitely linked passive smoking and the risk of having a baby to birth defects. This is especially true for women living in constant stress and in unfavorable environmental conditions.

In addition, tobacco use during pregnancy increases the chance of miscarriage and increases the risk of premature detachment placenta. Similar complications can even lead to the death of the mother and the birth of a dead child.

It is worth saying a few words about the effect of alcohol on the fetus. Main Negative influence alcohol goes to the nervous system of the unborn child. The action of alcohols causes red blood cells to stick together, which leads to blockage of the capillaries that supply the nervous system with blood. Alcohol intake causes irreversible death of some neurons. The consequences are depressing, especially since it is known that the fetus simply cannot excrete alcohol, unlike the body of an adult.

If a woman drinks alcohol while pregnant, then there is a high probability that the child will develop the so-called fetal alcohol syndrome. The manifestations of this syndrome are a decrease eyeball, strabismus, not formed chin, low forehead.

Here is such a disappointing statistic that confirms real danger for the fruit of bad habits. There is only one way out - healthy lifestyle life and conscious rejection of bad habits.

Effect of alcohol on fetal development. Until the mid-70s, it was believed that alcohol, even in large quantities, was harmless to the fetus. But it was not so. We now know that alcohol has a direct toxic effect on developing fetus. Alcohol quickly crosses the placenta and appears in the blood of the fetus in the same concentration as in the blood of the mother. Children born to alcoholic mothers are at risk of "alcohol" syndrome and a whole range of abnormalities, including mental retardation and physical development, the child may end up with lesions of the central nervous system, in mild cases, the child's disinhibition is observed - bad memory. But the main problem is that most alcoholic beverages contain a large number of poisonous substances that lead to poisoning and even death.

Offspring of "nicotine" conception Smoking pregnant women put at risk not only themselves, but also their child. Children living in smoky rooms are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases. In children of smoking parents during the first year of life, the frequency of bronchitis and pneumonia increases and the risk of developing serious illnesses. Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are prone to seizures. They are much more likely to develop epilepsy. Children born to smoking mothers lag behind their peers in mental development. The DNA molecule, entering into a reaction with heavy metals (lead, cadmium, etc.) contained in tobacco smoke, changes its structure and, as a result, produces defective genes. Passed on to offspring, they cause in him the development of a wide variety of disorders of the neuropsychic sphere.

Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are twice as likely to be diagnosed with birth defects hearts. There are physical deformities, such as splitting of the lip and palate. The smoke from one cigarette can cause mutations in the cells of the body.

For several years, scientists have been monitoring 200 smokers and 200 non-smokers. Now let's see what the comparative results turned out to be. DiseasesSmokersNon-smokersNervous141 Hearing loss131 Bad physical state 122 Poor memory121 ​​Poor mental state 181 Unclean121 Bad grades183 Slow thinking193

Children of mothers of drug addicts Drugs, acting in a manner similar to alcohol, destroy the human genetic fund. Gene mutations occur, leading to various deformities of the fetus. The stock of health in such children is so small that at the fertile age (that is, at the age when a person can have children), they are practically all barren, or their genetic programs are distorted, and subsequently they reproduce sick children. Alcohol and drugs, in addition to affecting the reproductive system of a woman and her future children, lead to antisocial and even criminal behavior. Such a woman is not able to provide care for the baby, as her personality changes under the influence of alcohol and drugs. As a result, such a mother inadequately responds to the needs of her child or does not take into account and does not understand them at all.

Until recently, in our country, pediatricians very rarely had to see such children, but in the second half of the 80s, the number of officially registered drug addicts and substance abusers in Russia, according to at least, doubled. The spectrum of drug addiction and substance abuse is quite wide - cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana; opium, morphine, heroin, codeine and its preparations, etc. Pregnant drug addicts usually do not go to medical institutions in a timely manner, late, or not at all registered with the antenatal clinic. Women's consultation Maternity hospital

Signs and symptoms of drug use: Determining whether a person is taking drugs is not easy, but possible. Changes in it are already visible in the first weeks of a new hobby. In the pockets of his clothes, you can find rolled up pieces of paper, small spoons, ampoules, vials, capsules. A teenager begs for money from his parents and friends, valuable things begin to disappear from the house, he often calls strangers. External signs Behavioral changes Pale skin Increasing indifference Reddened or cloudy eyes Leaving home and absenteeism Slow speech Memory impairment Poor motor coordination Inability to concentrate Injection marks Insomnia Dilated or constricted pupils Painful reaction to criticism Frequent and abrupt mood changes

Human exposure to tobacco smoke components Tobacco smoke Carbon monoxide Respiratory disorders. Heart Disease Nicotine Styrene Sensory Disorders Digestive Organs Sensory Organs circulatory system Respiratory organs nervous system Hydrocyanic acid Whole body poisoning Arsenic Neuro-cardiac poisons Radioactive polonium Carcinogenic resins Blood diseasesHeart diseases Neuropsychiatric diseases Respiratory diseases Cancer diseases

The child developed hydrocephalus, which is caused by a spinal hernia and this is not compatible with life. Also, the child has enlarged upper and lower limbs. This exhibit is from the Anomaly Exhibition. human body is a consequence of the fact that his mother had bad habits such as drug addiction, alcoholism or tobacco use.

Bad influence alcoholism, smoking and drug use for offspring should be known to young people entering into marriage. Over little citizens are born every year in our country. And we must do everything possible now, today, to ensure that our children and grandchildren have a healthy heredity.

"Human reproduction" - " Intrauterine development fruit." Find and label the outer cell membrane, lysosome, centriole, tail filament, cytoplasm in the figure. "Structure of the placenta". It is also necessary to provide the zygote with a sufficient supply of nutrients and protective shells. "Sexual and asexual reproduction of organisms".

"Fetal Development" - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Congenital abnormalities in the cardiovascular system are detected in 30-50% of cases. Anomalies of the facial skull. Upper lip narrow, large ears, simple shape. Drugs that affect the baby during pregnancy are most dangerous in the first trimester. The placenta - the protective shell of the fetus - can collapse, leading to a miscarriage.

"Effect on the fetus" - Neurological disorders (weakened reflexes). In 2-4 more often miscarriages, slowing down the process of childbirth and other complications. Simple; Biological factors: Bleeding, circulatory disorders in the area of ​​the placenta; Increased Risk congenital anomalies, lowering mental capacity; Microcephaly; Stillbirth and miscarriage;

"Stem Cells" - Rape, incest, or fetal abnormalities are not an excuse. Cells provide restoration of damaged areas of organs and tissues. From stem cells, you can create any tissue, grow any organ. Samara, 2005. Sources of stem cells for rehabilitation therapy. Authors: Krotova Marina Pankina Maria 10th grade MOU secondary school No. 10 "SUCCESS".

"Human ontogeny" - Kartagener's syndrome. Gametogenesis Fertilization. Corona radiata and zona pillucida. organogenesis. The oocytes have membranes. According to the location of the yolk, there are eggs. Lancelet. Embryonic period-. follicular cells. Head. The salmon goes to spawn. 1-10 days up to 1 year 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-16 17-21 22-35 36-pension up to 75 up to 90 >90.

Sex with Worker - - A network of sex worker rights organizations in Eastern and Central Europe and Central Asia. SWAN values. - Global Network of Sex Work Projects. NSWP activities. Physical and sexual abuse Ethnic minorities, men and trans sex workers Extortion Wrongful arrests and violation legal procedure Forced testing for HIV and STIs Violation of confidentiality and public shaming.