Report "formation of students' needs for a healthy lifestyle". Formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle in the physical education of high school students on the basis of block-modular education tarmaeva elena radnaevna
Personal hygiene includes a rational daily regimen, body and oral care, clothing and footwear hygiene. Knowing the rules of personal hygiene is necessary for every person, since their strict observance helps to improve health, increase mental and physical performance.
Rational nutrition is a factor that largely determines health. Food is a certain combination of food products, consisting of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water. daily requirement in energy and nutrients is covered by food, while some of the necessary vitamins are formed in the intestines.
Bad habits are not compatible with physical culture and sports. Smoking, alcohol and drug use detrimental effect on health and significantly reduce mental and physical performance. So for an organization healthy lifestyle life and improve their own physical condition and health, it is necessary to abandon bad habits and don't go back to them.
Insufficiency of muscle movements at work and at home, as well as during movement, negatively affects the physiological functions of the body modern man. In principle, a person can live with total absence movements, but this leads to muscle atrophy, deterioration of the functionality of the cardiovascular and other systems
Tip 1. Actively participate in the recovery of your child. Not only tell him what to do in order not to get sick, but also show by personal example the health benefits of following the rules of personal hygiene, morning exercises, hardening, proper nutrition.
Tip 3. Teach your child to build his day, alternating work and rest. Nothing harms the nervous system of a child like the lack of a daily routine. The rhythm of life, which includes physical exercises and sports, walks and games on fresh air, and good nutrition and deep sleep the best prevention fatigue and illness.
Tip 8. Teach your child the basic rules of prevention infectious diseases: - stay away from those who cough and sneeze; - do not use someone else's dishes or toothbrush; - do not wear shoes or hats of other children. If a child is sick himself, sneezes and coughs, he should know that he should cover his mouth and nose with a mask or handkerchief, not play with friends, and follow the doctor's orders.
It is known that the health crisis of children, adolescents and youth in Russia threatens national security, economic and social development, the country's defense capability. The scale and consequences of the violation of the health of new generations of the population are enormous. These problems lie in the sphere of vital interests of society, family, individual.
A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is the basis for disease prevention and health promotion for children and adolescents. The modern concept of a healthy lifestyle defines it as a constant implementation, conscious of its necessity. hygiene rules strengthening and maintaining individual and public health.
For younger schoolchildren, the main components of a healthy lifestyle are rational nutrition, physical activity, restorative and anti-stress activities, good rest, high medical activity. In today's difficult socio-economic conditions, the absence of these elements in the behavior of a significant part of schoolchildren is a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases.
Considering the state of health of children of primary school age, in last years In the country, work has been significantly intensified to create a health-saving system of an educational institution aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills in children.
The learning aspect of this system includes:
· development of training programs on a healthy lifestyle;
development of manuals for teachers and students;
creation of a methodical library for teachers of different categories on the problems of a healthy lifestyle;
teacher training general education schools active methods of forming healthy lifestyle skills, etc.
The significant deterioration in the health of the population of Russia, especially children, observed in recent years, has become a nationwide problem. Systematic education of the younger generation in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle will help to solve it. Modern views on this problem show that the health of each person, first of all, depends on the efforts that he makes to improve his health, and no doctors, no medicines will help if the person himself violates the norms of a healthy lifestyle.
It is known that healthy habits are formed from the very beginning. early age child. Therefore, the role and importance of the family, family education in this process is difficult to overestimate. Every day, day after day, parents need to quietly and steadily educate their child so that he realizes the need to improve health and learns this art. To successfully cope with this task, parents must have a certain theoretical and practical training in these matters. Science offers them following principles on which the education of a healthy lifestyle of children is based:
1. System approach.
The human being is a complex system. It is impossible to keep the body healthy if you do not improve the emotional-volitional sphere, if you do not work with the morality of the child.
· Successful solution of the problems of healthy lifestyle education is possible only by combining the educational efforts of the school and parents.
2. Activity approach.
The culture in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle is mastered by children in the process joint activities with parents. It is necessary not to direct children to the path of health, but to lead them along this path.
3. The principle "Do no harm"!
Provides for the use of only safe methods of healing, scientifically recognized and tested by thousands of years of human experience and officially recognized.
4. The principle of humanism.
In education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, the inherent value of the child's personality is recognized. The moral guidelines of education are universal values.
The priority direction of education in the field of health should be the formation of the moral qualities of the child, which are the foundation of health. To do this, it is necessary to develop in him kindness, friendliness, endurance, determination, courage, an optimistic attitude towards life, a sense of the joy of existence, the ability to feel happy, believe in one's own strengths and trust the world.
For the formation of these qualities, spiritual harmony, adequate positive self-esteem are necessary, which arise if the child is free from feelings of anxiety and fear, lives with confidence in his security and safety. It is important that as each child masters the culture of health preservation, feelings of tenderness and love for himself, a mood of special joy from understanding his uniqueness, originality, boundlessness of his creative possibilities, a sense of trust in the world and people.
When organizing education in the field of health, you need to remember:
if the child is often encouraged - he learns self-confidence,
if a child lives with a sense of security - he learns to believe,
if a child manages to achieve what he wants, he learns hope,
· if a child lives in an atmosphere of friendship and feels needed, he learns to find love in this world.
It is equally important for maintaining health to develop in your child the ability to consider himself and his condition from the outside, to understand his feelings and the reasons for their occurrence. Self-observation and self-analysis form the desire to improve themselves, allow the child to see and develop their personal capabilities, increase their intellectual potential.
It is necessary to form in the child a moral attitude towards their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health for a person essential value, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. In order to motivate him for health-care behavior, it is necessary to interest him, create positive emotions when mastering knowledge, make him feel pleasure from the methods of recovery, use positive examples from surrounding life, a personal example of parents.
Physical culture is a powerful source of healthy lifestyle formation in children. The training strategy proceeds from the fact that the pleasure of motor activity develops into a habit, and from it into a need.
Important task, which needs to be solved when educating in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, is to form the basics of personal hygiene: mastering body care skills, self-massage techniques, hardening methods, etc. It is equally important that your child master the skills of psychoprophylaxis, self-regulation and activation of reserve capabilities of your body. To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the functions of analyzer systems (hearing, vision, tactile sense, etc.), to teach the skills of voluntary control over breathing, muscle tone, imagination, to promote the formation of an "internal observer" in the child's mind (inner self), to form the ability to express their feelings with the help of words, facial expressions, gestures, etc. Mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to control his emotions and mental activity. This improves psychological well-being at school, contributes to more successful learning.
Education in the field of health provides for the formation in the child of an understanding of masculinity and femininity and the corresponding qualities: in boys - strength, dexterity, endurance, will, respect for girls, as future mothers and homemakers, the desire to help them, protect them, and in girls - plasticity, lightness, responsiveness, tolerance.
Health education serves to strengthen the whole family. The child must learn the best Russian family traditions, understand the meaning and importance of the family in human life, the role of the child in the family, master the norms and ethics of relations with parents and other family members. It is necessary to develop an interest in professional and household activities family members, to form an understanding of their social significance, to cause the need to proudly talk about their grandparents, parents, good traditions of his family.
The effectiveness of solving the health-improving tasks of health-forming education can be determined by the dynamics of the child’s physical condition, by reducing morbidity, by developing his skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people, by manifestations of compassion, the desire to help others, by reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness, in relation to own health.
work done:
Yusupova N.V. biology and geography teacher,
GBOU Pestrechinsky boarding school
for children with disabilities of type VIII;
scientific adviser:
Takhtamysheva Gulnara Chingizovna,
Associate Professor of IRO RT
Analysis of the effectiveness of the educational institution
Project concept
“Health is a treasure, and moreover
the only one for which really
it is worth not only not to spare time, effort,
works and all sorts of benefits, but also to donate
for him a particle of life itself,
as life without it becomes
intolerable and humiliating."
Michel de Montaigne
The current state of health of all children, and even more so the mentally retarded, causes serious concern. Only 5% of school graduates are practically healthy, 40% of schoolchildren are chronically ill, 50% have morphophysiological abnormalities, instead of acceleration there is deceleration (a 20-fold increase in the number of short people), annually up to 300 thousand young men do not go to military service for medical reasons. Up to 80% of children suffer from various neuropsychiatric disorders.
In the Concept of health protection forvillages of the Russian Federation in the transitional period of reformeconomy and social sphere, one of the priority tasks is to change the behavior of the population. This is due not only to diseases that lead to premature death of adults, but also to the growth of socially caused diseases in adolescents.According to the conducted studies, the prerequisites for behavior related toconsidered with a health risk are laid at the age of 18 years. That's whyin the Concepts of Education and Health great importance is reinforced withhealthcare cooperation with institutionsyami educationand first of all in institutions closed type(boarding schools).This is especially true for auxiliary schools 8 species, because they have a special mode of life. But, given the peculiarities of physical development, the state nervous system and health of pupils of these schools, mode dmust be protective. Therefore, the work of the teacher and educator should be aimed at strengthening the physical condition of children, their nervous system and health.
Of course, the reasons for the decline in the level of health are diverse: these are aggravated heredity, environmental problems, and a social crisis. modern school with its increased physical and mental stress, it often has a sharp effect on the weakened organism of children. negative impact, causing maladjustment, provoking the growth of diseases. The choice of a healthy lifestyle for a child should be conscious. That is why, any general educational institution should become a "school of a healthy lifestyle" for pupils, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating, physical activity, etc.) will have a health-improving and pedagogical orientation, and contribute to the education of children's habits, and then their needs to a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of one's health.
The relevance of the project -
The relevance of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is caused by both an increase and a change in the nature of the loads on the body in the conditions of modern life, which is associated with an increase in environmental, psychological and technogenic risks. stress, malnutrition, hypodynamia, telemania, hobby computer games, "bad" habits accompany the life of a modern person.
The concept of "healthy lifestyle" has not yet been clearly defined. Representatives of the philosophical and sociological direction (P. A. Vinogradov, B. S. Erasov, O. A. Milshtein, V. A. Ponomarchuk, V. I. Stolyarov and others) consider a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem, constituent part the life of society as a whole. In the psychological and pedagogical direction (G. P. Aksenov, V. K. Balsevich, M. Ya. Vilensky, R. Dittles, I. O. Martynyuk, L. S. Kobelyanskaya, etc.), healthy lifestyle is considered from the point of view of consciousness, human psychology, motivation. There are other points of view (for example, biomedical), but there is no sharp line between them, since they are aimed at solving one problem - improving the health of the individual.
Health - the category of reserves of life, the viability of a person as an integral being in the unity of his bodily and mental characteristics. Such reserves, viability are formed in the process of education. And this is the area of pedagogy. So, health is a pedagogical category. Health is either strengthened or lost in the process of raising a person in the family and school.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that the current situation is complex and requires immediate action. In order to preserve the health of the child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all adults surrounding him (parents, teachers, educators, doctors, etc.) in order to create an atmosphere around him filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, with early years a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle is formed.
And if the solution to the problem of healthy lifestyles is not addressed today, then there will be “probably” no one to think about it tomorrow. Priority areas of work teaching staff have become: the preservation and strengthening of the health of schoolchildren, the education of the internal need to lead a healthy lifestyle.Analyzing the current situation, there was a need to revise the formation of a healthy lifestyle and createthe healthy lifestyle program.
A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of other aspects of human life, the achievement of active longevity and the full performance of social functions. As the saying goes:“Health is not everything, but everything without health is nothing.”
Healthy lifestyle elements implemented through a set of actions in all major forms of human life:
labor,
public,
household,
leisure.
Every day we face a choice, we make decisions - we choose the path to follow. Our life consists of these decisions-paths. And the main task of the educator of the child is to teach how to do right choice!
From elementary school in a special (correctional) boarding school of the 8th type, a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle are formed. This is especially true when it comes to caring for the health of children with intellectual disabilities. When compiling the program, the mental deficiencies of children and age characteristics were taken into account. Therefore, the "ABC of Health" consists of six sections and in each of them, classes are allocated for younger, middle and older ages.
The main principles of the program:
Humanization and democratization- define-specific goals and objectives of education, upbringingresearch and development of personality, creation of a comfortable environmentand conditions for its self-realization;
Compliance of goals, objectives of the contentpro-programs of the national strategy, the interests of the statemilitary and regional policy;
scientific— to introduce pe-cutting-edge scientific experienceeducators to create health-savingtechnologies;
Participation — involvement of pupils in non-means and conscious participation in purposefullenient activity to improve your body,rational usetimecarried outnie sanitary-educational work;
Succession— providing comprehensiveapproach to health education between differentnym age groups;
Allocate three aspects of health or wellbeing:
physical,
mental (psycho-emotional)
social health
The way of life is formed by the society or group in which the person lives. Therefore, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is primarily an educational task. The program highlightsthe main components of a healthy lifestyle:
1. favorable social environment;
2. spiritual and moral well-being;
3.optimal motor mode (culture of movements);
4. hardening of the body;
5.rational nutrition;
6.personal hygiene;
7. Refusal of harmful addictions (smoking, drinking alcohol
drinks, drugs)
8.positive emotions.
Human health (the state of complete physical, spiritual and social welfare) depends on lifestyle (up to 70%), heredity (15%), environment(8-10%), medicine (8-10%). Therefore, the main task in preserving and strengthening the health of children is the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle.
Main design lines
Based on the study of the works of V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakov can be distinguishedmain components of a healthy lifestyle:
1. Rational nutrition.
Food should cover the body's energy costs, be complete in chemical composition and contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates (1-1-4), vitamins, mineral salts and trace elements, be chemically harmless and safe in terms of bacterial composition.
2. Optimal physical activity for the body.
The role of motor activity in determining human health has been known for a long time. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato considered movement to be "the healing part of medicine." The great Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy wrote “You must certainly shake yourself up physically in order to be morally healthy.”
3. Compliance with the daily routine (taking into account individual biorhythms).
I.N. Pavlov believed that the regime was based on a “dynamic stereotype”, i.e. regularly repeated activity, but not inert, monotonous, but dynamic, changing depending on the influence of the environment. This contributes to the development of the child's good adaptation to changing conditions. Be sure to perform only the main components of the daily routine (waking up and falling asleep, eating, walking). Other activities of children can be changed in time and duration. And if, moreover, the regime will be based on the features of the individual “biorhythmological portrait” of the child, the systems of his body will be in better conditions for functioning.
4 . Prevention of bad habits (or rejection of them) and the formation of good habits.
Good habits and hygiene habits are better fixed when they are realized. As for bad habits, the basis of their acquisition and getting rid of them is the will.
5. Increasing psycho-emotional stability.
Judging by the experiments, it is not active emotions that are especially dangerous for health, but passive ones - despair, anxiety, timidity, depression. In humans, these emotions often acquire a social connotation of guilt, regret, remorse.
That is why one of the components of health is considered positive thinking. Positive thinking is not an innate quality, it is achieved by hard training. It is important to teach a child to rejoice even in his small victory, and even more in someone else's luck.
6. "Meaningful life" (meaning of life).
It is directly related to health. Everything else - food, movement, and hygiene makes sense, only when a person has something to get out of bed every morning, if there is a task that no one else can do except him or better than him, there is an interest in the world, there is love at least for something.
When compiling the program, the following methods of research and influence were used.
Research methods I: study, observation, experiment.
Methods of influence : verbal, practical, visual.
The need for widespread use of verbal methods is due to the fact that pupils with intellectual underdevelopment, especially children, have a limited vocabulary, and they do not understand the content of many words. Often a conversation is used, organized with the help of a system of questions, gradually leading them to the assimilation of new material. At partially search conversations, problem situations are created (questions are posed, tasks are offered), a collective discussion is organized.
Using the illustration method (showing posters, sketches on the board,
pictures, etc.) and demonstration method (demonstration of real objects,
experiments) allowed to increase the effectiveness of classes. Much attention is paid to the example method. In the classroom, the methods of "accustoming" and "exercise" are actively used. In order to increase the emotional background of the classes, we used didactic games(of various subjects and content), elements of visual activity, motor exercises.
When compiling the program, various educational and methodical literature. In the book " extracurricular activities in correctional classes "contains the development of a health day -" If you want to be healthy - try it! Great methodological assistance was provided by the book by L.A. Obukhova et al. “New 135 Health Lessons, or the School of Doctors of Nature” (Teacher's Workshop). It contains a fully developed course for students with planning. practical guide served as a manual for educators "Organization and planning educational work at a special boarding school orphanage» Khudenko E.D.
The program is a synthesis of knowledge about the main factors of a healthy lifestyle and
includes 6 interrelated blocks of classes:
Each block of the program consists of three subsections. for threeage student groups:
Average;
Senior;
Graduates;
Each age group has its own theme.
For example, section"Proper nutrition":
| correct nutrition. | Middle link : 1. Nutrition is a necessary condition for life (conversation). 2.Healthy food for the whole family (presentation). 3. Nutrition is the basis of life (oral journal). 4. How to become Hercules? (distance travel). 5. Vegetables and fruits - vitamin products (conversation). 6.What are nutrients? (Questions and answers). 7. "Useful" and "harmful" products (crossword puzzle). 8. What do you know the rules of eating? (generalization of knowledge and skills). 9. What does a person need in food? (food rules) senior level: 1. Healthy eating (question and answer hour). 2Peculiarities of nutrition by the seasons of the year (compilation of recommendations). 3. Home doctor (conversation with the "doctor"). 4. The way of the pie (presentation). 5. Relationship between nutrition and disease (auction of opinions). 6. Health pantry in the forest, in the garden (correspondence trip). 7. "Evil products" (crossword puzzle). 8.Avitaminosis and exacerbation of chronic diseases (role-playing game). 9. Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation). Graduates: 1. Basic foods and human health (oral journal). 2. Reasonable diet (menu work). 3. Diet - pros and cons (auction of interests). 4. Rational nutrition is the key to a healthy lifestyle (conversation). 5.Avitaminosis and bad feeling(doctor's advice). 6.Vitamins and chronic diseases ("hike" to a dietitian). 7. Analysis of the daily menu (workshop). 8. Product shelf life and my health (work with food packaging). |
Work with students begins with the consolidation of basic knowledge about human nutrition in the form of conversations, game moments, entertaining moments, then in the senior level more attention is paid to practical and research work.
The number of children suffering from gastrointestinal diseases was analyzed.
| no./p. | Types of diseases | Number of students | |
| 1 . | Liver disease. | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract | 25,0 |
||
| Gastritis | 25,0 |
||
| Violation of the musculoskeletal system | |||
| Respiratory diseases | 33,4 |
||
| Total | 12 | 100 |
From the data in the table it can be seen that almost every pupil (7 people) has gastrointestinal diseases. And most of these diseases are acquired.
In the course of extracurricular activities, a survey of children was conducted. Example "Your food preferences."
Questionnaire.
1. What foods do you like to eat? A) fruits B) flour products C) chips D) croutons E) other
2 .What drink do you prefer when buying? A) juice B) coca-cola C) sprite D) lemonade E) mineral water E) other drinks
3. Do you know the benefits or harms of these foods and drinks? A) Yes B) I have a vague idea C) I don’t know D) I don’t care
After analyzing this questionnaire, we got the following results: Diagram.
At the end of the academic year, the results changed to better side:
| Question 3 | Question 2 | Question 3 |
|
| Option A | 20% | 31% | 48% |
| Option B | 33% | 27% | 50% |
| Option B | 35% | 16% | 1% |
| Option D | 2% | 10% | 1% |
| Option D | 10% | 7% | |
| Option E | 9% |
Thus, healthy lifestyle program provides
a large-scale health-saving culture of pupils, with
taking into account the possibilities and conditions of the boarding school. It provides
mechanisms for the transition of the external culture of a healthy lifestyle into the internal culture of the pupil's personality, primarily through the construction of a route for the development of the personality, the formation of the pupil's self-awareness. The program provides a link between the physical, moral, mental components of the child and the corresponding types of health. Considering individual characteristics child, special approaches are selected for each child through non-standard,active forms and methods of training and education.
Objective of the project : formation of the pupils' need for a healthy lifestyle.
Project objectives: 1. Formation of mo-motivation and responsibility for maintaining one's ownhealth, ensuring a healthy lifestyle by creating an environment in the group that is conducive to strengtheninghealth.
2. Organization of diverse and versatile activities of children in the formation of a physically healthy personality,
3. Development of a holistichealth saving systemsand its application for indigenousimproving the state and quality of health of all participants educational process;
Target group of the project: students of special general educationboarding schoolVIIIkind
Project participants : administration, teacher-class teacher, educator,teachers, school psychologist, medical staff boarding schools with handicapped health, parents.
Location of the project: State budgetary educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities "Pestrechinskaya boarding school of the VIII type"
Project implementation timeline: 2013-2016 years.
Life cycle and stages of project implementation
I stage. Information and analytical - 2013-2014
II stage. Practical - 2014-2015
III stage. Practice-generalizing 2015-2016
Chapter I . Theoretical basis project implementation:
1.1
The first direction "Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle"
A healthy lifestyle is a rational lifestyle, an integral feature of which is vigorous activity aimed at maintaining and improving health. A lifestyle that promotes public and individual health is the basis for the prevention, protection and promotion of the health of the people.
1.2
The second direction "Education of culture of health"
Education of a culture of health - the creation of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the student's personality as a subject of health-improving activities in accordance with his interests, inclinations, abilities, value orientations for self-preservation of health, as well as knowledge, skills and habits of reasonable healthy lifestyle.
1.3
The third direction is "Prevention of bad habits".
A bad habit is a way of behavior fixed in a person, in relation to the person himself. The quality of life depends not only on the observance of the rules of a healthy lifestyle, but also on the habits that a person has at a particular age. The referral has a preventive effect on a number of bad habits such as smoking, alcohol and drug use.
1.4
The fourth direction "Mobile and educational games"
The game is a natural companion of a child's life and therefore meets the laws laid down by nature itself in the developing child's body - its irrepressible need for cheerful movements. The advantage of mobile and developing games over strictly metered exercises is that the game is always associated with initiative, fantasy, creativity, flows emotionally, and stimulates motor activity.
Chapter II . Project Implementation Mechanism
2.1 The structure of the complex of recreational and physical education activities used in the boarding school
(A) During educational process
PE lessons from 1
12th grade 2-3 times a week;
Outside of physical education classes:
Morning exercises;
moving change;
Physical education minutes.
(B) During extracurricular and
extracurricular work
Prevention:
colds;
Violation of posture;
Violation of vision.
Physical therapy classes from 1st to 6th grade
2 times per week
Health Days
and health lessons;
Classes in sports sections;
Carrying out sports
holidays.
2.2 Improving moments in the classroom and in the course of extracurricular and extracurricular activities:
physical education minutes, dynamic pauses
Minutes of relaxation
Breathing exercises
Gymnastics for the eyes
Active point massage
2.3 Indicators (criteria for project performance, diagnostic methods) To solve the tasks set, the research method was used: analysis of methodological, psychological, pedagogical sources on the stated topic.
2.4 Expected results of the project implementation
1. Acceptance of the value of health as one of the main values of a person will allow students with disabilities to focus their behavior on saving and strengthening the health of themselves and those around them;
2. Successfully adapt in the educational and social space;
3. Reveal Creative skills for students with disabilities;
4. To fully realize personal potential, increase success in sports.
During the work to improve the health of children with disabilities, a system was developed that made it possible to fix positive results: morbidity has decreased in children, a healthy lifestyle culture is being formed, independent beliefs about health are being developed.
Previously, when information about the state of health was only available to health workers, information about the state of health was not always complete for educators. Filling out the health passport made it possible to work purposefully with children and conduct conversations about those violations, which are the most in the group.
Currently, a large number of healthy lifestyle measures have been developed. These are the radio line “Traveling around the city of Zdoroveyka”, the correspondence trip “Why teeth hurt”, the drawing competition “In a healthy body healthy mind”, lesson “Vegetables and fruits - vitamin products”, presentation “If you want to be healthy!”, “Say no to drugs!”, “Smoking is harmful to health”, compiling a crossword puzzle “Evil foods”, etc. Topics of the DRC (diagnostics, regulation and correction) carried out in the group: the health of students in the daily routine of the boarding school; the state and level of comfort of the student in the school and group.
She has repeatedly spoken at methodological associations and pedagogical councils with topics on healthy lifestyles (“The influence of psychoactive substances on a teenager”), we share our experience with the “Methodological piggy bank of the group”.
The problem of children's health is in the hands of our teachers, doctors, parents, and whatever socio-economic conditions surround us. Protecting the health of children is our top priority. Health will become a value for a child if: - He will form an interest in this problem; - Supported by entertaining, playful activities;
“Care for human health, especially the health of a child, is, first of all, concern for the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity.”
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Literature:
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
3. Law of the Russian Federation "On Education";
4. Sanitary standards and rules approved by the joint
Decree of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision;
5. Order 1418 dated May 15, 2001 of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "On Approval of the Approximate Regulations on the Center for Assistance in Strengthening the Health of Students, Pupils of an Educational Institution".
6. V.V. Kolbanova, I.I. Sokovni-Semenova, B.N. Chumakova
"The main components of a healthy lifestyle in the educational process", M., 2003.
7 G.P. Popova. "Extracurricular activities in correctional classes", M., 2000.
8. L.A. Obukhova “New 135 health lessons, or the School of Doctors of Nature» Rotov on / D: Phoenix, 2009
9. E.D. Khudenko "Organization and planning of educational work in a special boarding school, orphanage", M., 2006.
10. Kvach N.V. Health-saving pedagogy. - M., "VLADOS", 2001.
11. The health of our children.// Primary school, No. 8.9 - 2004
Applications
Application No. 1
Healthy Lifestyle Formation System
FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Education of a culture of healthy lifestyle
Therapeutic and preventive measures
physical Culture and sport
Wellness activities
Teaching and educational work
Introduction of new technologies
Program
extracurricular activities "Sport is health"
Purpose and objectives of the program
Target: ensure the possibility of preserving the health of children during the period of schooling; to teach children to be healthy in body and soul, to strive to create their own health, applying knowledge and skills in accordance with the laws of nature, the laws of being.
Tasks:
to form in children the necessary knowledge, skills and habits for a healthy lifestyle;
to form in children the motivational sphere of hygienic behavior, safe life, physical education;
ensure physical and mental self-development;
teach how to use the acquired knowledge in Everyday life;
achieve the need to comply with elementary rules of health conservation.
Program features
This program is builton the principles :
scientific ; which are based on an analysis of statistical medical research on the health status of schoolchildren.
Availability ; which determines the content of the course in accordance with the age characteristics of younger students.
Consistency ; defining the relationship and integrity of the content, forms and principles of the proposed course.
At the same time, it is necessary to highlightpractical orientation course.
Providing Motivation
Being healthy means being happy and successful in your future adult life.
Classes are scientific and educational in nature.
The main activities of students:
discussion skills;
experiences;
a game.
The study of program material begins from grade 1 at a level accessible to younger students, mainly in the form of educational games and in the process practical activities. In addition, each separate section of the course includes additional activities:
learning and performing songs;
organization of outdoor games;
conducting experiments;
performance exercise, relaxation exercises, concentration of attention, development of imagination;
The organization of training sessions suggests that any activity for children should become a lesson in joy, revealing to each child his own individuality and reserve capabilities of the body, which provide an increase in the levels of working capacity and adaptability.
It should not be a "memorization" lesson, in which instead of achieving a healing effect, only an additional load is created. Each lesson should be a real lesson in "health".
The program is designed for children 7-10 years old, implemented for 4 years. The number of students is 10-15 people.
Expected results
As a result of mastering the program, students should be able to:
comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements: observe personal hygiene and exercise hygiene procedures during the day;
carry out active recreational activities;
shape your health.
Students should know:
factors affecting human health;
causes of certain diseases;
causes of injuries and first aid rules;
types of hardening (staying in the fresh air, dousing, rubbing, sunbathing) and the rules for hardening the body; the effect of hardening on physical state and promotion of human health;
about the benefits of physical exercise for the harmonious development of a person;
basic forms physical activities and types of exercise.
A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.
Productive work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Human health is influenced by biological and social factors, the main of which is work.
A rational regime of work and rest is a necessary element of a healthy lifestyle. With a correct and strictly observed regimen, a clear and necessary rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest, and thereby contributes to strengthening health, improving working capacity and increasing labor productivity.
The next link in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These violators of health are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce efficiency, adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of future children.
The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When talking about it, one should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health.
The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for normal development person, for work and wellness, - we are full. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and a variety of other ailments.
The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet physiological needs organisms in food. Nutrition should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals ah, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of even one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver.
Not every one of us knows that we need to learn a culture of reasonable consumption, to refrain from the temptation to take another piece of a tasty product that gives extra calories or introduces an imbalance. After all, any deviation from the laws of rational nutrition leads to a violation of health. The human body uses energy not only during physical activity(during work, sports, etc.), but also in a state of relative rest (during sleep, lying down), when energy is used to maintain the physiological functions of the body - to preserve constant temperature body. It has been established that in a healthy middle-aged person with normal weight body consumes 7 kilocalories per hour for every kilogram of body weight.
The first rule in any natural system nutrition should be: - Eating only when you feel hungry.
Refusal to take food in case of pain, mental and physical ailments, fever and elevated temperature body.
Refusal to eat immediately before bedtime, as well as before and after serious work, physical or mental.
It is very important to have free time to digest food. The notion that exercising after eating aids in digestion is a gross mistake.
Meals should consist of mixed foods that are sources of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Only in this case it is possible to achieve a balanced ratio of nutrients and essential nutritional factors, to provide not only high level digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also their transportation to tissues and cells, their complete assimilation at the cell level.
Rational nutrition provides correct height and the formation of the body, contributes to the preservation of health, high performance and prolongation of life.
People with chronic diseases need to follow a diet.
It plays an important role in health and the environment. Human intervention in the regulation of natural processes does not always bring the desired positive results. Violation of at least one of the natural components leads, by virtue of the interrelations existing between them, to the restructuring of the existing structure of natural-territorial components. Pollution of the surface of the land, hydrosphere, atmosphere and the World Ocean, in turn, affects the state of human health, the effect of the "ozone hole" affects the formation of malignant tumors, atmospheric pollution affects the state of respiratory tract, and water pollution - on digestion, sharply worsens the general state of human health, reduces life expectancy. However, health obtained from nature is only 5% dependent on parents, and 50% dependent on the conditions surrounding us.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account another objective factor influencing health - heredity. This is the property inherent in all organisms to repeat in a number of generations the same signs and features of development, the ability to transfer from one generation to another the material structures of the cell, containing programs for the development of new individuals from them.
Affect our health and biological rhythms. One of the most important features of the processes occurring in a living organism is their rhythmic nature.
It has now been established that over three hundred processes occurring in the human body are subject to the daily rhythm.
Optimal motor mode is the most important condition for a healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic physical exercises and sports, effectively decisive tasks strengthening the health and development of the physical abilities of young people, maintaining health and motor skills, strengthening the prevention of adverse age-related changes. At the same time, physical culture and sports act as essential tool education.
It is useful to walk up the stairs without using the elevator. According to American doctors, each step gives a person 4 seconds of life. 70 steps burn 28 calories.
The main qualities that characterize the physical development of a person are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. The improvement of each of these qualities also contributes to the strengthening of health, but not to the same extent. You can become very fast by training in sprinting. Finally, it is very good to become agile and flexible by applying gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. However, with all this, it is not possible to form sufficient resistance to pathogenic effects.
For effective recovery and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality- endurance combined with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide a growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases.
Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life by long years to maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism.
Another important element healthy lifestyle is personal hygiene. Personal hygiene - it includes a rational daily regimen, body care, hygiene of clothes and shoes. Of particular importance is the mode of the day. With proper and strict observance of it, a clear rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed. And this, in turn, creates best conditions for work and recovery.
Unequal conditions of life, work and life, individual differences of people do not allow recommending one variant of the daily regimen for everyone. However, its main provisions must be respected by all: the implementation various kinds activities in strict certain time, the correct alternation of work and rest, regular meals. Special attention you need to give sleep - the main and irreplaceable type of rest. Constant lack of sleep is dangerous because it can cause depletion of the nervous system, weakening of the body's defenses, decreased performance, deterioration of well-being. The study of morbidity led to the conclusion that the cause of the vast majority of diseases are various violations of the regime. Chaotic eating at different times inevitably leads to gastrointestinal diseases, going to bed at different times - to insomnia and nervous exhaustion, violation of the planned distribution of work and rest reduces efficiency.
The mode has not only health-improving, but also educational value. Strict observance of it brings up such qualities as discipline, accuracy, organization, purposefulness. The mode allows a person to rationally use every hour, every minute of his time, which greatly expands the possibility of a versatile and meaningful life. Each person should develop a regime based on the specific conditions of his life. It is important to follow the following daily routine: Get up every day at the same time, do regular morning exercises, eat at set hours, alternate mental work with physical exercises, follow the rules of personal hygiene, keep your body, clothes, shoes clean, work and sleep well ventilated room, go to bed at the same time!
So, let's rethink our life tasks and goals, thereby allocating time to improve our health.
Modern society, the highest rates of its change, make ever higher demands on a person and his health. More and more studies in recent years consider the concept of "healthy lifestyle (HLS)" as a set of recreational activities that contribute to the improvement and strengthening of human health. And the components include: labor activity, optimal motor mode, rejection of bad habits, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition. In our opinion, a healthy lifestyle cannot be considered as a series of activities. Compliance with a healthy lifestyle also depends on the internal mood, needs of a person, his general culture.
On the health and cheerfulness of children depends on their mental development, the strength of knowledge, faith in one's own strength. Teenagers perceive their health as something natural, given for life. And children do not even think about the fact that health needs to be protected. It is possible to change a teenager's attitude to his health and personal lifestyle if he understands these values. It is known that water wears away stones, therefore, when creating educational environment aimed at a single goal, it is possible to form a valuable attitude towards their health among pupils.
The purpose of the work on the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle is to teach each pupil how to maintain and preserve health, educate and develop children based on health-saving knowledge, skills and abilities; the formation of an emotionally valuable attitude towards one's health.
This goal will contribute to the main goal of education and upbringing - the achievement by each graduate of the maximum possible independence and independence. Pedagogical tasks corresponding to the formed goal:
· Correctional and educational: formation of knowledge about the human body, its functioning in various social and natural conditions, about health and healthy lifestyle factors.
· Correction-developing: correction and development of pupils' cognitive processes (perception, thinking, memory, attention) based on the establishment of the relationship between the human body and the environment, the development of will in the adoption and implementation of healthy lifestyle components.
· Correctional and educational: the formation of a personality adapted to natural and social conditions responsible for their own health and the health of others, strengthening their own physical health committed to protecting the immediate environment.
The organization of work on the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle in an orphanage has its own characteristics.
success corrective work is aimed at overcoming deficiencies in the development of children, in a specialized orphanage depends on the complex interaction of all adults involved in the educational process.
Children with intellectual disabilities of any clinical gradation, due to their characteristics psychophysical development have a variety of defects that exacerbate a secondary defect - a persistent violation of the cognitive sphere. Therefore, the problems of correction and elimination, smoothing out violations must be considered from the standpoint of recovery and enrichment due to a properly organized correctional and developmental environment.
Pedagogical conditions should be "developing". Around our children from childhood, it is necessary to create such an educational and educational environment that would be saturated with the attributes and customs of a healthy lifestyle. The implementation of the introduction of healthy lifestyles into the daily activities of children should be carried out on the basis of the formation of traditions. Tradition building is a long-term process. It is important not only to accumulate knowledge, but also to find practical and permanent application of it at the level of natural needs, habits and affections. It is not enough to know and understand, it is important to live it.
The education of the habit of a healthy lifestyle provides for the unity of two components:
First component aims to equip pupils with knowledge about the culture of health, physical education. To this end, classes are held to familiarize and consolidate the rules of personal hygiene, life safety, as well as the formation of skills and abilities on personal hygiene, nutrition, correct posture, preservation of vision and hearing, prevention of diseases and bad habits. We begin the story about health in the narrow sense - the absence of diseases in a person ( healthy man active, cheerful, he is in a good mood, it is easier for him to study, work). What does health depend on? Nutrition, daily routine, personal hygiene, physical activity, outdoor walks, hardening. Gradually, the material becomes more difficult.
Second component– physical culture and health-improving activities in the daily routine: gymnastics, walking, corrective pauses, sports holidays, days of health, hardening, massage.
Program consists of three blocks:
I. Correctional and educational activities.
II. Physical culture and recreation activities.
III. "Know Thyself" Program.
Correctional and educational activities:
1) Creation sparing, favorable conditions for children: strict observance of the daily regimen, inclusion in the regimen of healthy sleep after dinner.
2) Conditions have been created to meet the biological needs of children in movement: basketball and volleyball courts, a sports and gymnastics complex, and a football field are equipped on the territory of the orphanage. In the orphanage building Gym, tennis table, mini trampoline. For physical education classes purchased: skis, skates, scooters, footballs and basketballs, darts. The orphanage also has equipment for tourism work - a catamaran has been purchased. Accumulated didactic material, allows you to properly organize correctional and educational work.
3) An effective means of preventing fatigue and improving the general condition is physical education minutes, they are held during self-training.
4) Corrective pauses are held throughout the day in the orphanage. Corrective pauses include a variety of exercises for the eyes, acupressure, finger gymnastics.
5) Prevention of posture disorders - in groups, educators conduct morning exercises, taking into account correction. It includes a traditional set of exercises of an imitation nature for the development of attention, the accuracy of performing actions. The main purpose of morning exercises is to raise the mood and muscle tone of the child, as well as to ensure the prevention of postural disorders.
6) A complex of recreational activities: the organization of motor activity during a walk.
7) Swimming in the pool.
8) The use of massage in corrective work:
A) Acupressure- this is the impact of fingers on biologically active points (conducted by a specialist).
b) Self-massage of fingers and hands - develops fine motor skills of the hands.
V) Finger gymnastics- necessary to relieve tension from the fingers, as well as develop their mobility and flexibility.
Physical culture and health-improving activities:
The main focus is on developing skills and teaching children movements, motor actions, formation physical qualities familiarization with the rules of physical exercises.
1) Organization of motor mode: motor activity creates an energy basis for the growth and formation of the body system, normal physical and psychological development.
Motor activity is a good means of mental hygiene of a child. The concentration of excitation in the nerve centers associated with the work of the muscles leads them to active inhibition, which take on the load during mental work. Movements relieve mental tension, stress, irritation and fatigue, improve children's well-being.
During physical exercise, such personal qualities like endurance, courage. Moving, the child learns the world around him.
Preservation and promotion of health is impossible without observing the rules of personal hygiene - a set of measures for caring for the skin of the body, hair, oral cavity, clothes, shoes. When developing hygiene skills, you must adhere to the following rules:
*systematic, gradual and consistent activities,
* taking into account the psycho-emotional state of the child,
*correspondence of methods and techniques age characteristics pupils,
* coordination of actions and requirements of adults,
* example of others,
* substantiation of the importance of acquiring and consolidating basic hygiene skills.
Skills become strong if they are constantly fixed: at home, at a party, on hikes.
Of great importance leisure, the main task of which is to give children pleasure, to create a joyful mood. It is very important that all children be active, joyful, liberated, friendly towards each other. Participation in sports activities and games improve the formation of speech and thinking.
An effective means of education, training and rehabilitation is camping trip. The main goal of the hike is health-improving, and the most important of the tasks is the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
Joint activities in nature contribute not only to physical development, but also moral education, forms positive emotions, unites children.
Course "Know thyself"
In order for the work on the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle to be more effective, it is not enough just to create the necessary conditions for corrective-rehabilitation and physical culture and health-improving activities. It is necessary that each pupil realize the value of his life, learn to take care of himself and his health, so that he develops a need for a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary that the words "In a healthy body - a healthy mind!" acquired personal meaning for the student. For this purpose, special classes are held. For new children, classes are aimed at studying and consolidating the rules of personal hygiene and life safety. In the future, the deepening of knowledge and skills on personal hygiene, nutrition, proper posture, preservation of vision and hearing, prevention of diseases and bad habits, methods of first aid, acquaintance with elementary medicinal plants. Pupils consolidate ideas about the importance of cultural and hygienic skills in human life, ideas are laid about the integrity of the human body, about the interdependence of all its systems, as well as about their own relationships with the outside world.
