How many WWII veterans are there now? How many veterans of the Great Patriotic War are left in Russia

Receipt different statuses in the state presupposes the existence of specific grounds. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War (WWII) in Russia act as a separate preferential category. For them provided a large number of state aid. And this is due to what services they have to the country.

general information

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War in Russia have many rights. Due to their merits, they can receive a large amount of public assistance free of charge. It is designed to provide them with full support.

Depending on the different situations There are several options for providing for this category of citizens. Plus, there are a number of problems in the field. This is due to recognition as a veteran and the provision of a title.

The state is trying to allocate more funding for different areas activities that support veterans. To different anniversaries awards, medals are issued and payments are made.

For 2018, there are distinctive options for benefits, but the legislation has not changed in this regard. Count pension benefits and preferential payments are carried out taking into account increased payments.

Key Concepts

Among the concepts that you need to be able to guide in this area are the following:

Terms Notation
Veteran Status for a person who has a number of merits before the state. For this, he is assigned benefits, benefits that are designed to compensate for his losses - in health, time, and so on. The main category is military personnel. But there are also veterans
benefit An assistance option that involves reducing or eliminating the cost of a product or service within the framework of government opportunities. For different categories beneficiaries provide their own set of benefits
Pension The payment that is assigned to a citizen for the implementation of labor for a certain period of time - established in the state at the legislative level
Indexing The coefficient by which the social government payments in without fail. Usually an annual premium is made, which is calculated based on the inflation rate in the country at the time of the previous year.

Who belongs to this category of citizens

Category Peculiarities
Direct participants in the Second World War Military personnel who may already be retired, civilian employees, intelligence officers, employees of military organizations serving on the territory of other states who have a medal for the defense of Leningrad
Employees air defense This is both work at airfields and the performance of combat missions, crew members, employees who were in other countries at the time of the Second World War
Winners of awards and medals Residents of besieged Leningrad are considered to be such
Home front workers This category includes citizens who worked for at least six months from 1941 to 1945. But this period cannot include the years when the territory of labor was occupied

The legislative framework

From a legislative point of view, Federal Law No. 5-FZ “On Veterans” mainly works in this area. A legal act of this nature contains information not only about determining status, but also about those social security measures that are present for veterans.

Article 2 outlines the scope of the status - who can claim the payment, which regions are included for the award of the title, and how the benefits are distributed. With regards to social protection, you must refer to section 13 of this federal law.

It contains all the moments of providing a person. But with regard to WWII veterans, there is a set of benefits. Information about them is available in article 15. It is worth relying on it when applying for social assistance.

Article 25 talks about how Russia regulates the existence of associations of veteran organizations. With regard to documents that are designed to establish the rights of citizens to state benefits, the provisions of article 28 apply.

Questions you are interested in

When considering such a topic as WWII veterans, one should rely solely on federal law. It includes the main provisions that apply in this area. And all organizations work in relation to these articles.

However, there are still questions that the law cannot answer. These are the factors that apply in particular cases. For example, the difference in status between veterans and combatants.

Every citizen needs to understand what set of benefits exists for WWII veterans. Since this allows you to get the maximum benefit and not miss the opportunity to ease the budget for this category of citizens.

However, there are also regional benefits. They differ in that their provision is carried out in relation to the local budget. If there are funds in it, then they are allocated to finance this area. AT different regions there are support options.

Therefore, it is worth finding out in advance which package of regional benefits is provided for a veteran. All registrations are carried out in the departments of the social protection authorities. Regardless of what benefits the veteran wants to receive. Even a certificate stating that a person is a veteran is issued through this state body.

How many WWII veterans are left in Russia

Statistics on such data for 2018 are not yet available. But in 2017, relevant studies were carried out. For this period of time, about 1.8 million veterans and invalids of the Great Patriotic War live in the country. By comparison, in 2016 there were 2.13 million of these citizens in the country.

If we divide these indicators into categories, we get the following data:

Category Number of people for 2017
Disabled 22 thousand
WWII participants 101.6 thousand
Widows of WWII veterans 300 thousand
Air defense workers 101.6 thousand
Awarded with a distinction to a resident of besieged Leningrad 113.5 thousand
Home front workers 1.1 million
Underage prisoners of concentration camps 126 thousand

What is the difference from the participants in the Second World War

Legislation in this regard clearly distinguishes between the concepts of veterans and participants in the Second World War. In this regard, it is worth relying on several provisions:

In accordance with these norms, the implementation of the assignment of titles and the distribution of benefits between participants and veterans of the Second World War is being carried out.

Main types of support

In terms of support for citizens federal level use the following options:

Increased pension provision To him spend allowances in a special order
Provision of housing The solution to this problem is carried out at the expense of the federal budget. At the same time, get square meters free only once
Compensation for utility bills Half cost refunded
Telephone connection installation Conducted out of order
Privileges in admission to cooperatives and public organizations There are tax credits for the creation of veterans' institutions of a non-profit nature
In medical service Eligibility for discounts and free service options
The use of cultural and educational services on privileged grounds
Prosthetics Orthopedic systems are installed free of charge. The exception is dentures. His veteran will need to pay himself
Employment benefits are also provided This provision includes the possibility of taking leave at work at any time. convenient time for a veteran. But the exemption only applies to unpaid leave in the amount of 35 days
Extraordinary service to citizens in social sphere, provision of public services

Actual problems

The main problem in this area is the recognition of a person as a veteran. Many people are rejected because they do not have enough proof of their status. In this regard, a citizen should look for options for archival documents and confirmations.

In this area, there is also an impossibility of full financing of all benefits and benefits. There is a lack of funds in this area. For example, the allocation of subsidies for the purchase of housing is delayed due to the same problem. And the queue moves very slowly.

Although in 2018 the government plans to complete the full provision of citizens with housing. And funds for this area have already been allocated, they should be enough to subsidize all citizens. At the same time, those who have problems with living conditions will be included in the list.

Receiving assistance for WWII veterans is possible on different grounds. This status gives citizens the opportunity to apply for benefits. This financial support can be spent on any use cases.

There are no boundaries for citizens. There are also opportunities to apply for housing assistance. But there is such a rule only once, although after the provision of real estate, a person can use it at his own discretion.

How many veterans of the Great Patriotic War are left in Russia? May 21st, 2008

Dmitry Sokolov-Mitrich and I are discussing here: how many WWII veterans are there in Russia? They refer to the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Social Development (that there are about 900 thousand of them)
http://smitrich.livejournal.com/586195.html?thread=9328851#t9328851
and I'm starting to get bored that there can't be so many, because "on these the May holidays I went to congratulate the veterans of the Borisoglebsk district of the Yaroslavl region. The area has about 17,000 inhabitants.
At the same time, according to the lists, we congratulated 110 people. But! Not all 110 people are WWII veterans" and so on:
http://smitrich.livejournal.com/586195.html?thread=9330643#t9330643
but this is me in my usual boring hypostasis, and it’s too late for me to change, I won’t, I don’t want to, and there’s no need - I love myself like that! :)
In short, about the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Social Development: yes, they will write ... Most likely, there is a part - dead souls. When we come to congratulate veterans, they also roll out lists to us sometimes ... you look, and there is a "veteran" born in 1940. Or they don't exist at all.
There’s a thing there: some of them live in nursing homes and similar institutions. So, we went to the Smolensk region in 2006-2007, to the Yartsevsky and Kardymovsky veterans' houses. We call the director and ask for a fax to send data on the number of veterans of the Second World War, as well as an application for what the institution needs, and directly to the veterans. We receive a fax - 90 veterans (for 300 residents in total).
When we arrive there, we barely find 9 people, of which only 3 are participants in hostilities, the remaining 6 are categories equated to them (blockade, underage prisoners of concentration camps). They, of course, did not expect such meticulousness, they thought we would just unfasten the dough, and everything would not last long. This is me about the Yartsevo House of Veterans Smolensk region. And in Kardymovo they gave me a list in which they were born in 1940. I have witnesses. Even the 1st channel was there, so they saw everything with their own eyes.
Here is such a statistic.
And here's another thing about the categories of WWII veterans

Article 2. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War. 1. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War are persons who took part in hostilities to defend the Fatherland or provide military units of the army in combat areas; persons who have passed military service or who worked in the rear during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (hereinafter referred to as the period of the Great Patriotic War) for at least six months, excluding the period of work in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR, or who were awarded orders or medals of the USSR for service and selfless work during the Great Patriotic War war.
Veterans of the Great Patriotic War include:
1) participants of the Great Patriotic War:
a) servicemen, including those who were retired (retired), who did military service (including pupils of military units and junior officers) or were temporarily in military units, headquarters and institutions that were part of the active army during the civil war, during the Great Patriotic War or the period of other combat operations to defend the Fatherland, as well as partisans and members of underground organizations operating during the civil war or during the Great Patriotic War in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR;
b) military personnel, including those retired (retired), private and commanding officers of internal affairs bodies and bodies state security who served during the Great Patriotic War in cities, participation in the defense of which is counted in the length of service for the appointment of pensions for preferential terms established for military personnel of military units of the army in the field;
c) civilians of the army and navy, troops and internal affairs bodies, state security bodies, who during the Great Patriotic War held full-time positions in military units, headquarters and institutions that were part of the army in the field, or who were in cities during the specified period, participation in the defense of which it is counted in the length of service for the assignment of pensions on preferential terms established for military personnel of military units of the army in the field;
d) employees of intelligence, counterintelligence, who performed special tasks during the Great Patriotic War in military units that were part of the army in the rear of the enemy or on the territories of other states;
e) employees of enterprises and military installations, people's commissariats, departments, transferred during the Great Patriotic War to the position of persons in the ranks of the Red Army, and performing tasks in the interests of the army and navy within the rear borders of the existing fronts or operating zones of the operating fleets, as well as employees of institutions and organizations (including institutions and organizations of culture and art), correspondents of central newspapers, magazines, TASS, Sovinformburo and radio, cameramen of the Central Studio of Documentary Films (newsreels) sent to the active army during the Great Patriotic War;
f) military personnel, including those retired, private and commanding officers of internal affairs bodies and state security bodies, soldiers and commanders of extermination battalions, platoons and people's protection detachments who took part in combat operations to combat enemy landings and combat operations together with military units that were part of the active army during the Great Patriotic War, as well as those who took part in military operations to eliminate the nationalist underground in the territories of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the period from January 1, 1944 to December 31, 1951. Persons who took part in combat minesweeping operations in units that were not part of the active fleet during the Great Patriotic War, as well as those involved by organizations of the USSR Osoaviakhim and local authorities in clearing territories and objects, collecting ammunition and military equipment in the period from February 1, 1944 to May 9, 1945;
g) persons who took part in hostilities against fascist Germany and its allies as part of partisan detachments, underground groups, and other anti-fascist formations during the Great Patriotic War on the territories of other states;
h) military personnel, including those who have been transferred to the reserve (retired), who have served in military units, institutions, military educational institutions who were not part of the army in the period from June 22, 1941 to September 3, 1945 for at least six months; military personnel awarded orders or medals of the USSR for service during the specified period;
i) persons who worked at enterprises, institutions and organizations of the city of Leningrad during the blockade from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 and were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad";
(Items "i" were introduced by Federal Law No. 57-FZ of May 4, 2000)
2) persons who worked at air defense facilities, local air defense, at the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities within the rear borders of active fronts, operational zones of active fleets, on front-line sections of railways and highways; members of the crews of the ships of the transport fleet, interned at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the ports of other states;
3) persons awarded the badge "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad";
(as amended by Federal Law No. 57-FZ of May 4, 2000)
4) persons who worked in the rear from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945 for at least six months, excluding the period of work in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR; persons awarded orders or medals of the USSR for selfless work during the Great Patriotic War.
2. The list of military units, headquarters and institutions that were part of the active army during the Great Patriotic War is determined by the Government Russian Federation. The list of cities, participation in the defense of which is counted as length of service for the assignment of pensions on preferential terms established for military personnel of military units of the army in the field, is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The procedure and conditions for classifying other persons as veterans of the Great Patriotic War are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
SO, DEAR FRIENDS, THE CONCEPT "VETERAN OF THE WWII" IS SO BROAD

If you just try to calculate in your mind how old are those participants in the war who went to the front completely ‘green’, then even they are already over 90 years old. This year will mark the 72nd anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War and, alas, the number of veterans has declined rapidly compared to last year. According to the Pension Fund and the AiF, there is the following data:

This year on the ninth of May, everyone celebrated the 72nd anniversary Great Victory. There are fewer and fewer veterans of the Second World War in Russia, and in other countries every year. On the this moment only one million eight hundred thousand veterans of the Great Patriotic War remained in Russia. Unfortunately, every year their number will decrease. God bless them!

How many WWII veterans are left

This year is already the 71st anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. We watched the parade with my family, as the president greeted the veterans by the hand and congratulated them. Some didn't look old. And the question arose - how many real veterans of the Second World War remained in 2016, those who fought at the front? After all, they should already be 80-100 years old somewhere.

The Pension Fund issued data that by April 2016 there were 2.13 million veterans in the Russian Federation. However, of course, not all of them took part in the battles. Veterans include disabled veterans of the Second World War, blockade survivors, home front workers, prisoners of concentration camps, widows. The direct participants who fought on the fronts include those who worked at air defense facilities - there are 128,762 such veterans in total. There are 34,689 disabled veterans of the Second World War. The remaining 1.9 million are blockade survivors, home front workers, widows, prisoners of concentration camps.

How many living WWII veterans remained in Russia in 2015

Firstly

Secondly

What pension do veterans of the Great Patriotic War receive in 2018

  1. Participants in hostilities in the Second World War and those who received a disability are supposed to - 4,558.93 rubles.
  2. All participating in the war of 1941-1945. - 3 400 rubles.
  3. Former prisoners in concentration camps who were under the age of majority at that time (that is, during hostilities) were entitled to the same amount - 3,400 rubles.
  4. Participants in military conflicts - 2,500 rubles.

The approximate amount of the pension of the participants in the war of 1941-1945. in 2017 is 22–32 thousand rubles, which is made up of 2 amounts: disability pension, determined by the federal law "On State pension provision in the Russian Federation” and old-age insurance pension.

How many veterans are left alive in Russia in 2018

Firstly , now it is not exactly clear what categories of citizens can be attributed to WWII veterans. Either only those citizens who were directly involved in the hostilities on the front lines, or in addition to them, those people who ended up in concentration camps or were home front workers, as well as other citizens who suffered in those years.

Secondly , every year there are fewer and fewer veterans, and their number is declining very rapidly due to their age and state of health, so it is difficult to answer the question of how many veterans of the Great Patriotic War are in Russia today. Statistics may not have time to count the data.

There are 3.4 million veterans of the Great Patriotic War in Russia

"As for our respected veterans Great Patriotic War, a category that is regulated by the Veterans Act, their number as of January 1, 2012 is 3.4 million people. Unfortunately, this category is decreasing, and over the past 2011, the number of people who died was almost 136 thousand people, ”the minister said at a meeting of the Coordinating Council for Veterans Affairs under the Government of the Russian Federation. It is held on the eve of Victory Day by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.

According to her, the total income of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War, formed from pensions and lump-sum cash payments, averages almost 30 thousand rubles. Veterans who do not have disabilities receive 20,000 rubles each, the same amount the state pays to the widows of war veterans who have passed away.

How many veterans of the Great Patriotic War remained in the countries of Central Asia

1,615 participants in the war and 45,000 participants in the labor front currently live in Uzbekistan. Chief Support Specialist of the Nuroniy Foundation social activities veterans of Uzbekistan Hulkar Fayzullaeva gave the newspaper "Darakchi" a layout by regions: in particular, 45 veterans live in Karakalpakstan, 120 - in Kashkadarya region, 87 - in Bukhara, 85 - in Khorezm, and 83 - in Andijan.

The Tajik state agency "Khovar" reports that 447 participants live in the republic today. Each of them received 3,000 somoni ($353) as a gift for the Victory Day. Since the majority of veterans are disabled, this year it is impossible to take them to the streets and organize meetings with them, so they will be congratulated at their place of residence. And in Dushanbe 9 may pass military parade, in which servicemen of the 201st military base of the Russian Federation will also take part. The parade will be hosted by the President Emomali Rahmon. More than 260 thousand Tajiks participated in the Great Patriotic War. Over 90 thousand of them died. 54 Tajiks were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

WWII veterans - the whole truth

The Kremlin will host a Solemn Reception on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation. Scheduled holiday concert, there are several major exhibition projects. And this, of course, is far from full list all events, dedicated to the celebration 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.

The most grandiose Victory Parade, which will be attended by about 30 heads of state, will be held on Red Square, and the Victory Parade will also be held in 26 Russian cities, including 9 hero cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Tula, Murmansk, Volgograd, Novorossiysk, Sevastopol and Kerch. At the end of the parade, one of the brightest and most beautiful fireworks awaits everyone.

Live and not forget: how many WWII veterans are left in Tajikistan

Moreover, Tajikistan gave the USSR a lot, not only at the front, but also in the rear. The Republic became one of the centers of evacuation, where many hospitals were located. A number of enterprises were transferred here, mainly light and Food Industry. Thousands of children were able to spend part of their childhood here, not remembering the horrors of war every day. Thousands of adults were able to continue their work, leaving their hometowns, destroyed by shelling and air raids.

For example, when the Leningrad Comedy Theater was evacuated in Dushanbe (then Stalinobad), the famous playwright Yevgeny Schwartz arrived here, where he began work on a number of scripts and plays, one of which was made into the famous Soviet film " Ordinary miracle».

Topic: How many veterans of the Great Patriotic War remained in Russia in 2015

In the blogosphere, a scandal is gaining momentum with fake front-line soldiers who happily strummed their “combat” awards in the center of Moscow on May 9th. The demand for the services of these festive characters, like Santa Claus, has grown significantly in Putin's Russia, and therefore Victory Day is gradually turning into a veteran cosplay.

Some categories of veterans are equated by right to state aid to veterans of the Great Patriotic War. AT judgments there is just such a wording - "equate". But this is not explained in the text of the federal law. Sometimes judges get confused and refuse to satisfy requests to issue a certificate of a WWII veteran to a participant in some other war. This was the case, for example, in the case of the widow of a veteran of hostilities in Hungary in 1956 (the suppression of the Hungarian uprising by Soviet troops). The woman insisted that she had the right to the status of the widow of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, but the courts (from the district to the republican) refused her. Supreme Court canceled the decisions of the previous instances and took the side of the plaintiff.

27 Jul 2018 120

In 2017, the disabled and veterans of the Great Patriotic War were counted. But every year there are fewer old people. How many WWII veterans are left in Russia in 2018 alive? Let's take a closer look at the list.

It is unfortunate that every year it becomes less and less people thanks to which we live and enjoy life. After all, most of us only remember the heroes by May 9th.

According to the statistics Pension Fund counted 2.13 million people. And according to other statistics - 1.8 million participants in the war. If we take into account the fact that this is the data of the whole country, then there are not so many old people left.

  1. Rear defense - 1,128,101 workers.
  2. Former prisoners of fascism - 125,769 people.
  3. Wives, dead invalids and participants in the hostilities of 1941-1945. – 298 232.
  4. Disabled people of the Great Patriotic War - 22,365 people.
  5. Participants in air defense - 101,624.
  6. The owner of the badge "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad" - 1 13 540.

No one can present exact statistical indicators, since everyone understands that veterans die every day, because average age participant in the war - 90 years.

Despite the fact that the old people "leave" every day, they remain in the memory of loved ones who prove it by passing the Immortal Regiment. Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, is sure that such an action will be held annually.

He urges everyone to take to the streets major cities and walk around with portraits of veterans of combat battles in their hands. The immortal regiment brings people together, strengthens mutual trust, which is so necessary today.

So how many disabled people and veterans of the Great Patriotic War were left in Russia in 2018 alive? According to various statistics, different amount the remaining participants of the Patriotic War. If we are guided by the indicators of Wikipedia, then it can be argued that in 2018 there are only 97,058 veterans left.

Tomorrow we celebrate 65 years of Victory. But 65 years is a whole human life. It would seem that veterans today can be counted on fingers. Meanwhile, apparently, not only "their feat is immortal," but they themselves are immortal. That is, there are still a lot of them.

And how many of them?

Statistics by this year I don't see something. They could have published it for the anniversary, but something is not there. Maybe I'm bad at searching.

But by May 9 last year, a lot of figures were reported. In particular, it was reported that there are more than 1 million veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the country. 1,008,746 people. Huge number. Simply amazing, especially considering the age of the veterans: those who were at least 18 years old in 1945 should have been 82 years old in 2009. So the others are older.

This is strange. In terms of life expectancy, Russia occupies the 100th anniversary place in the world (out of 162 countries). The average life expectancy in Russia is 65.9 years (for men - 59.2 years).

Let's see how things are in Moscow. In 2009, the Moscow government reported that there were 272,000 veterans of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow. I draw your attention to the fact that five years earlier, in 2004, the Moscow government reported 108,000 invalids and veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

That is, the number of war veterans has doubled.

So, we need to figure out who the statistics consider war veterans. In 2009, it turns out that out of 272,000 "veterans of the Great Patriotic War," 47,500 people were actually "participants in the Great Patriotic War." That is, it turns out that out of a quarter of a million war veterans in Moscow, there are less than 50,000 front-line soldiers.

So? No not like this. There were much fewer front-line soldiers.

We find explanations in federal law"On Veterans", adopted in 1995, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Victory. However, since then, as many as 19 changes have been made to it. Many of them expanded the circle of war veterans.

Let's take a look at the Veterans Act as it stands today. Article one. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War include four groups of citizens:

1. the actual participants in the Second World War;
2. persons who worked at air defense facilities, naval bases, airfields, railways and other rear facilities;
3. Leningrad blockade;
4. This is a strange item. Fully sounds like this: "persons who worked in the rear from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945 for at least six months, excluding the period of work in the temporarily occupied territories of the USSR; persons awarded orders or medals of the USSR for selfless work during the Great Patriotic War wars." It is not clear: are all citizens who worked at home for at least half a year during the war and did not fall into the occupation, are considered "veterans of the Great Patriotic War" or only those of them who have awards?

But still, we will not ignore the first point - "participants in the Great Patriotic War." Here, it seemed, everything is simple: he was at the front - a participant. Nothing like this! In the current version of the law, in addition to those who actually fought on the fronts of the Patriotic War, they include:

Participants in the Civil War from the Red Army;
- participants in other combat operations to defend the Fatherland;
- partisans of the Civil and Great Patriotic War;
- persons of the rank and file and commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies and state security bodies who served during the war;
- civilians of the army and navy, troops and internal affairs bodies, state security bodies who worked there during the war;
- employees of intelligence, counterintelligence, who performed special tasks during the Great Patriotic War in military units, behind enemy lines or on the territories of other states;
- employees of enterprises and military facilities, people's commissariats, departments, transferred during the Great Patriotic War to the position of persons in the ranks of the Red Army;
- journalists and cameramen who were on a business trip at the front;
- persons of the rank and file and commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies and state security bodies, extermination battalions, platoons and people's protection detachments who took part in the liquidation of the nationalist underground in the territories of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the period from January 1, 1944 to December 31 1951;
- military personnel who took place in 1941-1945. service in military units, institutions, military educational institutions that were not part of the active army;
- Disabled since childhood due to injury, concussion or injury associated with hostilities.

How many of the forty thousand "participants in the Great Patriotic War" living in Moscow are real front-line soldiers?

Nobody knows. They are dissolved among journalists, rear guards and numerous guards. Members of the barrage detachments, manned by the personnel of the NKVD troops and shooting at their own compatriots, are also among them. And the "participants" themselves are dissolved in a huge shapeless mass of "war veterans", the vast majority of whom were at a considerable distance from the front.

Nevertheless, Happy Holidays.


Top