On what day does the fetal heart beat? The structure of blood vessels

The baby's heartbeat is the main indicator of fetal viability throughout pregnancy. This is not surprising, because the heart is the most important organ in the human body. In the event of adverse conditions for the development of the fetus, it is a change in the heartbeat that allows you to notice them. Therefore, throughout the entire pregnancy, it is so important to observe the frequency and nature of the baby's heartbeat.

The development of the heart is a complex physiological process. It begins to form already at the 4th week of pregnancy. Initially, the heart looks like a hollow tube, and by 8-9 weeks, a well-developed four-chambered heart can be observed. To assess the development of cardiac activity, there are the following methods: ultrasound, auscultation (listening to the fetal heartbeat), echocardiography and cardiotocography.

For the first time, the expectant mother can see the baby's heartbeat with the help of ultrasound. There are two methods:

• Transvaginal ultrasound . It is carried out by inserting a special sensor into the vagina. Already at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy, you can listen to the heartbeat and diagnose pregnancy. It is carried out according to the indications of a doctor.

• Abdominal ultrasound . The most common type of ultrasound. It is carried out by conducting a sensor along the surface of the abdomen. Can set the heartbeat from 6-7 weeks of pregnancy.

At what time does the fetal heartbeat appear?

Many expectant mothers are surprised by the information that they cannot feel the baby's heartbeat, but only his movements. On the early term even doctors with an external examination cannot establish the fact of a heartbeat. It begins to be heard well from about the 20th week of pregnancy.

Depending on the gestational age, the heart rate will change.

At 6-8 weeks it reaches 110-130 beats per minute. From 8 to 10 weeks, this figure increases to 170-190 beats per minute. From week 11, it equals 140-160 strokes, and remains so until childbirth.

If these indicators deviate from the norm, then a more in-depth examination is necessary. With a drop in heart rate to 85-100 beats per minute, or with a sharp increase to 200 beats, you should quickly find out the cause of the change heart rate and begin diagnosis and treatment. If the length of the embryo is already more than 8 mm, and there are still no heartbeats, there is a possibility of diagnosing a frozen pregnancy. In this case, it is necessary to conduct a repeated examination in dynamics.

In the 2-3 trimesters, not only the frequency of heart beats and their nature is assessed, but also the location of the heart and the amount of space occupied. With a sharp increase or decrease in the number of heartbeats, the doctor may diagnose tachycardia or bradycardia. If a heart defect is suspected, an echocardiogram is performed.

Thus, we can say that it is the heartbeat that is one of the critical factors monitoring the course of pregnancy.

Fetal heart rate study 7-8 weeks video

Human development begins with a single cell, the zygote. From the day of conception to birth, there is an enormous growth and formation of the main body systems. This is almost a miracle that is hidden inside the mother's body. In the early stages, the tiny heart of the fetus begins to beat. It can be heard with various methods. How the process of development of a still tiny heart takes place is known to mankind today.

Development of the heart

At the time of conception, two cells fuse together to form a zygote. It is implanted in the wall of the maternal reproductive organ and from that moment pregnancy occurs. In the body of a woman there is a colossal hormonal restructuring. Actively begins to develop hCG hormone. About 200 million new cells of the human body are formed from one zygote. Development goes through three periods:

1. The pre-implantation period, when the fertilized egg has not yet implanted into the wall of the uterus.
2. The period of organ formation. After connecting with the mother's body, the chorion begins to produce the hCG hormone, by which you can find out about the onset of pregnancy.
3. The embryo acquires the ability of independent existence, as its organs acquire their own specialization.

One of the first to form is the circulatory system. Almost at 5 weeks little man the beginnings of its functioning are already appearing. On ultrasound, a heartbeat is already heard in the very early stages of pregnancy. This indicates the normal development of the fetus. AT maternal organism significant changes are also taking place. The increasing concentration of hCG sets the woman's body to create conditions for normal course pregnancy.

Initial stage of formation

The development of the embryo occurs gradually. By 4 weeks obstetric term cells are divided into 3 types. One of them will later become the circulatory system, bones, muscles and kidneys.

By the 5th week of the obstetric count, a vascular tube is formed. She is hollow inside. This is what the primary circulatory system looks like. It is this system that will later be seen on ultrasound as a heart. On the 22nd day from the day of conception, the first impulse occurs. It is not yet controlled by the nervous system.

By day 26, a small heart can already be heard quite clearly. It begins to pump blood through the body of the fetus on its own. At the same time, its certain rhythm can be seen on ultrasound. At the same time, the heart can be seen on the examination, which is still single-chamber.

final formation

When the concentration of the hormone is still increasing in the mother's body hCG pregnancy, the fetal heart is in the process of formation. By week 7, the septum of the heart of the embryo appears. She divides the organ into chambers. This is the right and left section. The fetal heartbeat during this period is heard as 150 beats per minute. This is normal during pregnancy.

By 10–11 weeks of gestation, ultrasound can already see 2 ventricles, as well as 2 atria of the organ. Vessels and valves are also visible. There is still a foramen ovale between the atria and the ductus arteriosus. This allows oxygen from the mother's body to flow to the life support systems of the embryo.

Finally, the formed structure of the fetal heart appears on ultrasound only by 22 weeks of pregnancy. Further, the network of vessels grows and increases muscle mass organ. When the baby is born, the foramen ovale closes.

How to hear the baby's heartbeat?

There are several ways in which the fetal heartbeat can be heard. This will be interesting to know for future parents who are looking forward to the birth of their baby. This will allow at least one eye to look at the miracle that is now happening in the mother's womb. The ways in which the pulse of a tiny heart is heard include:

1. Transvaginal ultrasound.
2. Stethoscope.
3. Portable detector.

First of all, it is possible to determine when the fetal heart began to beat on ultrasound using a transvaginal sensor. During this period, any pregnancy test already shows positive result due to the high concentration of hCG. This is possible already by 4 weeks of embryo development. After 7-10 days, this can already be heard with the help of an external examination on ultrasound.

In addition to ultrasound, there is the possibility of more later dates listen to the baby's heartbeat. To do this, the gynecologist uses a stethoscope. He applies the device to the expectant mother's tummy and picks up impulses. How long it will take to be able to catch a distinct pulse, we can only say approximately. It clearly appears by 18-22 weeks.

On your own at home you can hear a knock little heart. But it's quite difficult. When the fetal pulse begins to beat, a portable device, a Doppler detector, will be able to catch this sound. Even when hCG level in the blood is still not too high, and the fetus is still barely visible during ultrasound diagnostics, this device transmits an impulse using headphones. It will even allow you to record these sounds on your computer.

established norm

In each period of development of the circulatory system of the baby, the rhythm of the beating of his heart changes. He slows down, then speeds up. This can be seen on ultrasound. Therefore, future parents need to know what is considered the norm and at what point in time. Three main stages can be distinguished:

1. At 5-6 weeks, the activity of the heart muscle is only adjusted. The rhythm is normally slow.
2. At 8–9 weeks, the connection between the nervous and circulatory systems is visible. The contraction of the heart muscle of the crumbs is about 170 beats per minute.
3. At 13-14 weeks, the mother's hCG levels decrease. At this time, the pulse slows down again. It is equal to 120-160 beats per minute.

You should also know that in the second and third trimester, heartbeats should be rhythmic. Too slow or fast pulse suggests certain pathologies.

At the most early stages the development of a new life inside the mother's body, the heart rate of a woman and her baby are closely related. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health, reduce physical and emotional stress. This will help the circulatory and other body systems of the crumbs to develop properly.

How many days, what week of pregnancy does the heart beat | heart in an embryo, fetus, child.

After the first emotions regarding the imminent replenishment in the family subside, future parents try to get as much information as possible about the baby's condition. Is the pregnancy normal, does its development correspond to the gestational age.

• A woman transfers to her baby her own idea of good health: whether the baby eats well when he sleeps and when he is awake. However the most important indicator the state of the fetus in the mother's body is the beating of his heart.

When, at what period of pregnancy is formed, the heart appears in the fetus: the laying of the heart in the embryo

The heart is an important physical organ, which differs from others in its complex structure, since it is entrusted with many important tasks. Much depends on how the process of formation of the circulatory system takes place. The many functions of this organ are the cause of congenital malformations.

Already at the stage of embryogenesis, the heart begins to form in the fetus

Even at school lessons in biology, information about the structure of the heart became available to us:

• that it consists of 4 chambers (two atria and 2 ventricles)
• that it is entrusted with the function of a pump
• that blood, poor in oxygen, accumulates in the right half and is sent to the lungs
• that blood saturated with oxygen enters the two chambers of the left half of the heart and is sent to human tissues and organs

Thanks to such a complex biological mechanism, the body provides nutrition to organs and tissues. The organs, on the other hand, the blood, in which there is no longer oxygen, is returned through the vessels and arteries to the lungs.

the onset of heart development in the fetus occurs at 3 weeks after conception

• Already at the stage of embryogenesis, the heart of the fetus begins to form. The main function of blood circulation is performed already at this stage.

How is the heart formed?

• In the second week of pregnancy and up to 6 weeks, the fetal heart, as it were, builds up from several cardiac structures. birth defects of cardio-vascular system The child develops already at the stage of embryogenesis. The baby's heart is especially sensitive to various factors risk.
• By the end of the 2nd week, the embryo already has a heart. It is formed by two simple heart tubes. These tubes merge together and form a common tube through which blood flows in one continuous stream.
• By the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 4th week of pregnancy, a change occurs and the shape of the heart tube becomes more complicated due to its uneven growth.
• At this stage, the heart is already S-shaped. He can distinguish between the venous sinus, and the venous section (which is also called the primary ventricle), the arterial section (the functions of the primary atrium lie on it). The baby's tiny heart has only one chamber during this period. The body begins to shrink.

Video: C fetal heartbeat in early pregnancy

• The venous and arterial sections that have grown over time are separated by a deep constriction, after which the formation of a two-chamber fetal heart begins. This happens on the 4th week of development.
• Now the baby has only a large circle of blood circulation. After the lungs are formed, the pulmonary circulation will develop. The size of the heart is tiny and resembles a poppy seed, but it works clearly and rhythmically.
• At the 5th week or by the beginning of the 6th (this is the seventh obstetric week), the baby's heart is already three-chambered due to the appearance of the atrial septum.

Stages of development of the heart

• 6th week of development: the ventricular chamber is divided by a septum. At this stage, the formation of valves also occurs. The common truncus arteriosus is now divided. As a result of this division, the aorta and pulmonary artery appear. This is how the fetus develops a four-chambered heart. Heart contractions are recorded: about 150 beats per minute. The heart rate of an adult is half that.
• At 6-7 weeks, the heart of the fetus is almost formed. At this stage, the construction of the septum between the ventricles continues. After the septum has formed, the left and right ventricles will separate.
• At the 8th week, the child's heart resembles an adult's heart in its shape, with the only difference being that inside the small heart there is an oval window located between the atria and the ductus arteriosus. Such a window connects the aorta with the pulmonary artery and provides oxygen from the mother's blood directly to the fetal organs. Since after the birth of the baby there is no need for such a window, it closes.

The heartbeat of a human fetus is recorded: from what moment, at how many weeks, days of pregnancy does the heart begin to beat?

• After the fusion of the male and female germ cells occurs, young parents are in anticipation of the present little miracle. They want to quickly see his tiny body during an ultrasound examination, listen to the beating of his heart.

The baby's heartbeat can be heard in early pregnancy. The baby announces to his parents through an ultrasound that a tiny man lives in his mother's tummy.

• The fine structures of a tiny heart will be finally formed only by the 22nd week of pregnancy, after which the network of heart vessels and the entire body of the baby will grow. The heart mass will increase and circulatory system every day will be more and more trained for life outside the mother's body.
• The pulsation of the future tiny heart can be seen even at the stage embryonic development. And this is the 22nd day from the moment of fertilization. In other words, on the 5th or at the beginning of the 6th obstetric weeks the fetal heartbeat is already clearly recorded.

How many weeks, days of pregnancy does the fetal heart begin to beat

How and for how long is the baby's heartbeat heard in the womb?

• hear the heartbeat own baby a woman can in early pregnancy. Such an opportunity appears during the next examination on the ultrasound diagnostic apparatus.
• With transvaginal (internal) ultrasound, the heartbeat can be heard at 5-6 weeks. At this time, the embryo is only 3-4 weeks from the moment of conception.
• Transabdominal (external) ultrasound allows you to hear the baby's heartbeat for a period of 6-7 weeks.

Stethoscope

• With a medical instrument stethoscope the beating of a tiny heart is listened to by a gynecologist. This happens during the examination of a pregnant woman. The instrument that performs auscultation (namely, this is the name of this method) is a tube, usually made of wood.
• At the end of the tube there is a wide funnel, which the doctor puts on the pregnant woman's stomach and listens to the tiny heart beating. Such listening is carried out not just out of curiosity: the doctor assesses the condition of the baby in the womb. On the long terms heartbeat is heard very clearly.
• A stethoscope is used at the reception after 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. Only at this time, with its help, you can listen to the heartbeat of the crumbs.

How and for how long is the baby's heartbeat heard in the womb

How many heartbeats per minute does a fetus have in the womb?

• In the early stages (up to 6 weeks), the heart of the embryo contracts slowly. This is explained initial stage formation of cardiac activity.
• When the connection between the circulatory and nervous systems is formed (which happens by the end of the 9th week), the heart rate is already 170-180 beats per minute.
• However, such heart rate indicators do not last long: by the second trimester, heart rate indicators decrease to 120-160 beats per minute. The second and third trimesters proceed with the rhythmic pulsation of a small heart.

Is it possible and how to listen to the fetal heart at home?

• If you can't wait to hear your baby's heartbeat, then a stethoscope won't help you. And even vice versa: while listening, various additional noises of the mother's body join the beating of a small heart.
• Therefore, it is better to use another device - a portable ultrasound Doppler fetal heartbeat detector. The detector will record the baby's heartbeat, and you can hear it through the headphones. Those who use this method of listening to the beating of an expensive heart will have another opportunity: to record unique sounds so that later they can listen to the beat of the heart born baby on the computer.

Is it possible and how to listen to the fetal heart at home

Why do an ultrasound of the fetal heart during pregnancy?

• Diagnostic procedures during pregnancy are prescribed for the timely identification of foci of danger, the ability to prevent the development of a critical condition.
• If doctors detect cardinal abnormalities in late pregnancy, then the baby will have a chance to survive outside mother's womb. In some cases critical situation represents a serious danger and the child may die before the end of the pregnancy. It is important for doctors to be prepared for such a turn of events in order to have time to provide medical care.
• The doctor will determine which foods should not be consumed, what load is possible for a pregnant woman, and which drugs are better to give up for a while. If you delay visiting the ultrasound diagnostic room, you can create the illusion that there is no problem, which will lead to sad consequences.

Almost every representative of the fair sex will sooner or later experience the joyful period of gestation and birth. own child. It is at this time that a woman tries her best to find out about her baby. more information. During this cherished period, many are very concerned about how the baby feels, whether its development corresponds to the period, at what week of pregnancy the heart of the unborn child begins to beat.

Can you hear a heartbeat?

Everyone modern girls It is well known that during the period of intrauterine formation, absolutely every organ of the unborn child experiences difficult process development. The circulatory system is no exception. That is why it is very important for every expectant mother to know how soon that week will come when the heart of the fetus begins to beat. After all, his first blows, unfortunately, not a single woman is able to feel.

Development Features

The heart is one of the most important organs, which stands out among the rest with the most complex structure. The formation of a tiny heart begins as early as the second week of pregnancy. At first, it visually resembles an ordinary tube, which in just a few weeks turns into a loop. At this stage, the heart becomes two-chambered. Already in the eighth week prenatal development it passes the final stage of development and becomes a full-fledged four-chamber organ. True, even after the completion of the formation, the heart of the unborn child has some features that distinguish it from the organ of an adult.

• Oval window. This is the name of the opening connecting the atria. After the birth of a child, this window exists until the age of six months, after which it closes.
• The ductus arteriosus, which connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This formation closes either immediately after the birth of the baby, or after 8 hours.

Such features are necessary in order to receive oxygenated blood from the placenta.

At what week does the fetal heart begin to beat? This happens already on the 22nd day of its formation. However, at this stage of development, it is still impossible to hear the heartbeat of your crumbs. A woman should be patient for a while.

When does a fetus' heart begin to beat?

At about 5-6 weeks of gestation, a specialist with the help ultrasound can recreate the first picture of the embryo. Those who are interested in what month the fetal heart begins to beat should know what exactly happens at this time. long awaited event. In addition, at the fifth week of pregnancy, the embryo begins to form the bone marrow, as well as the nervous and circulatory systems.

But mothers who are wondering how long the fetal heart begins to beat should know that this process may be slightly delayed for two reasons:

Many women think that if their baby's heart begins to beat, they will certainly feel it. However, the expectant mother cannot hear or feel the fetal heartbeat. Even a specialist can only do this at 18-20 weeks of gestation. A woman can only feel the movements of the fetus at one time or another.

Normal heart rate

We figured out when the heart of the fetus begins to beat. But for proper development embryo, it is very important that the work of this small organ is up to standard. Assessing the cardiac activity of the embryo, doctors pay attention to such parameters as its presence, duration of occurrence and frequency. Therefore, it is necessary to know when the heart of the fetus began to beat. After all, it is the circulatory system that is extremely important for the full formation and growth of the child. Most Attention doctors pay attention to the nature of heart contractions and their frequency. If the indicators of these characteristics are normal, then the embryo develops correctly. What are these norms?

• In the early stages, the norm is up to 130 contractions per minute. During this period, the fetal cardiac activity is only developing, so the rhythm may be slightly slow.
• By 9-10 weeks of pregnancy, the norm is 170-180 beats per minute.
• From 12 weeks until the birth of the baby, an indicator of 120-160 contractions is considered normal.

During the second and third trimester, the pulsation becomes rhythmic. If the heart rate is less than 85 or more than 200, the doctor prescribes additional examinations. If the fetus has no heartbeat at all existing sizes more than 8 mm, this indicates that pregnancy does not develop. In this case, the woman should be under the constant supervision of a doctor, in addition, an ultrasound examination may be prescribed to her.

Heartbeat detection

The most exciting state for every woman is pregnancy. When does the heart of the fetus begin to beat and how to find out about it? The answer to this question is very simple - to undergo an ultrasound. Each woman can choose the type of examination on her own, listening to the recommendations of her doctor.

• transvaginal examination. This type of ultrasound is usually prescribed by a doctor in cases where there is a possibility of abnormalities during pregnancy. This test uses a special probe that is inserted into the vagina. Transvaginal ultrasound makes it possible to hear the baby's heartbeat as early as the fifth week of pregnancy.
• Abdominal examination. Classic variant ultrasound, which abdomen women are examined using a special sensor. This type of study is usually used at 6-7 weeks of gestation.
• Echocardiography. This is the name of the ultrasound, in which the baby's heart is examined specifically.

Around the 18th week of pregnancy, the gynecologist can listen to the baby's heartbeat using an obstetric stethoscope. This examination is necessary in order to verify the normal condition baby.

A little about HCG

Perhaps the majority modern women know that such a significant hCG hormone has a direct impact on the course of pregnancy. This substance is formed in the blood of pregnant women a few days after the conception of the child and remains until the birth of the baby. Expectant mothers should take into account that ultrasound is able to give accurate information only in the case of a normal amount of hCG in the blood. If the indicator does not correspond to the norm, then it will be difficult to see the embryo even on an ultrasound scan. Also low rate the amount of hCG in the blood of the expectant mother may indicate the fading of pregnancy. Therefore, before visiting a gynecologist, you should definitely donate blood for tests.

In case of deviation

Often in the second trimester, a woman is prescribed a second ultrasound examination. This is necessary in order to timely identify probable pathologies and help the child. At week 18, when the heart begins to beat in the fetus, ultrasound should be performed for women who are at high risk:

• Those who suffer from heart disease.
• Women over 37 years old.
• Those who are sick diabetes, rubella, hypertension and similar diseases.
• Women who took medications with side effect as the development of heart disease.
• Those who have become pregnant through IVF.

In case of timely detection of problems, doctors will be able to pre-prepare for the upcoming birth and operation. Perhaps in such a situation, the doctor will prescribe medications to the patient that reduce the risk of developing a pathology in a child, but at the same time do not affect its formation in any way.

As you can see, it is not enough just to know when the heart of the fetus begins to beat. It is also important to consider additional factors and heart rate indicators, which play a significant role.

The fact that the heart is already actively beating in the fetus indicates the imminent transformation of a potential baby into full-fledged child. That is why it is so important to fill this period with exclusively positive emotions, and fill your menu with healthy products and essential vitamins. At the stage when the fetus's heart begins to beat, one of the most significant periods in the development of the unborn baby occurs. And than more baby receives something useful at this time, the sooner he will get stronger and gain strength.

Future mom begins to realize the seriousness of her situation from the moment her baby, who has just begun its development, begins to beat a heart. This is one of the most touching moments, and as some doctors say, they saw many tears of happiness during an ultrasound scan ...

Until a certain age, not every woman sees herself as a mother. Due to the conditions of our time, constantly changing circumstances and changes in value orientations, many women tend to get pregnant as late as possible. And if, nevertheless, this moment comes earlier or when it was planned, expectant mothers are looking forward to the moment to see the heart of the fetus. No mother can feel the first beats of a small heart - this is biology. And much later, at the level of sensations, the expectant mother will understand what is actively developing inside her. new life.

When a baby's heart begins to develop, some mothers are faced with the fact that the doctor diagnoses a hyperechoic focus in the fetal heart. And the woman begins to worry madly, not knowing that this is not something terrible and, moreover, it is not some kind of developmental defect. There is no need to treat the fetus, since this focus occurs in places where the level of calcium salts is elevated, which does not interfere with normal development future baby.

future baby

At about 5-6 weeks, the doctor, with an ultrasound examination, can take the first photo of the embryo. Around this stage of pregnancy, the fetal heart begins to beat. The baby is already clearly visible the rudiments of legs and arms, he is actively developing nervous system, circulatory system, the laying of the bone marrow begins.

It is worth noting the fact that the heartbeat of the fetus may appear a little later - this is not scary, since there are 2 reasons:

It is quite possible that the period is not set quite correctly and the baby simply did not begin to form a heart by this period.

Its development is a little slower - in this case, it is advisable to talk with a doctor who can identify the reasons for this phenomenon.

When a child's heart beats, the mother has insanely conflicting feelings: love for the unborn baby and fear of becoming bad mom. In fact, you just need to relax and enjoy your interesting position.

What does mom feel in position?

Probably, there is nothing more touching than the sight of the heart of a native fetus. Moms look forward to this moment with special trepidation and look at their baby on the screen with insane tenderness during an ultrasound examination. It is at this moment that the strongest maternal instincts wake up, and if next to a woman there is her lover - the father of the child, then the relationship of the couple generally turns into a clear new level. And nothing can spoil this happiness, even if the doctor speaks at such an early date about the presence of a focus in the fetal heart - do not panic.

It is advisable to wake up a little earlier than usual and do breathing exercises to normalize your physical condition. This will not negatively affect the heartbeat of the growing fetus.

It is highly desirable to have breakfast and it is best to do it in bed. So morning sickness will recede, and there will be strength for further activity.

In the morning, be sure to give the body the maximum amount of vitamins - these can be fresh vegetables, fruits and berries, or maybe just some kind of complex vitamin.

For a pregnant woman, inside of whom the heart of a child began to beat, oxygen is extremely important. The more fresh air a mother's body receives, the better her baby develops. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange frequent airing of the apartment and even more often visit fresh air.

It is especially important to learn to remain calm. When does it start active development fetal heart - future baby becomes more susceptible to psychological state mothers. And the more calm the mother is, the more she cultivates in herself love for her unborn child, the healthier he will be.

Do not forget that the baby's heartbeat, then when this happens, whether the doctor determines the focus in the heart of your fetus is all individual and the doctor, not the mother, should think about it. The task of the mother in this difficult period of pregnancy is to concentrate only good thoughts.

The mother-to-be must...

Remember that even her fetus has a heart and is already starting to beat - this suggests that in the near future her potential baby will turn into a full-fledged baby. And this period needs to be filled the maximum number positive emotions, useful products and vitamins. It is in the first trimester that “foundation” occurs! How more kid will receive during this period of its development - the better it will develop, the sooner it will get stronger, the more healthy it will be born.

Never forget to take your vitamins! Doctors often recommend pregnant women vitamin complexes, which positively affect not only the development of the fetus, but also general state mothers. And provided that a woman in position accepts the right vitamins in prescribed doses - the heart of the fetus and its beating will only please future mother, and its other bodies will be formed in accordance with the norms.

Obviously, when a baby's heart beats, the mother is overwhelmed with a mass of impressions and genuine feelings, which, probably, are bestowed by nature only on women ...